Chapter 30 Wei Ling Gong No. 15-2

Ask yourself Confucius said: A gentleman is sick and incompetent, and he is not sick because he does not know himself. The meaning of this sentence has been mentioned many times in the book.The center of Confucius teaching people is all in this thought. He said that he is only afraid that he is incompetent and lacks real talents and learning, and he is not afraid that others will not understand him.In other words, just ask yourself, enrich yourself. The Master said: The gentleman died of illness, but his name is not well-known. this is a big problem.Sima Qian wrote "Historical Records", and in "Bo Yi Biography", he specifically quoted this sentence from Confucius.Confucius said that the biggest fault of a gentleman is that he is afraid that after death, he will be unknown in history, and he will die with the grass and trees.But leaving a name in history is easier said than done?When we study philosophy of history, we often ask our students, how many names of emperors can we remember?Realistically speaking, it is enough for one person to become the emperor!After death, it doesn't take long, and even the name is forgotten by others, so what is the value of life?There have been so many prime ministers in the past, how many people do they remember?There have been many champions in the past dynasties, how many do we know?And they are for history, for the country

What does society contribute?The few historical figures that ordinary people know are still based on novels. Who knows most of the others?Therefore, leaving a name for future generations is easier said than done!Confucius, Sakyamuni, and Jesus left their names.Historical figures in terms of merit, Wen Tianxiang and Yue Fei, are also a minority; as for other historical figures in terms of merit, how many people know?Looking at life from here, how insignificant it is!What's the use of fighting for fame in the short period of time, going on stage to shine on the camera? Ito Hirobumi's words are right, if you seek fame, you should seek eternal fame.Who is not famous?Look where it is.If a person really wants to be famous, there is only one way—to make a real contribution to society.It is really not easy to leave a name in history, but after three generations, there has been no one with a bad name, so Confucius said: "A gentleman is ill and his name is not well-known." But a good name depends on the name.Notoriety is also a name, but what's the use?It is too difficult for a real daimyo to contribute to history.The same is true for seeking profit. Over the past few decades, seeing so many friends making such a fortune, what will happen in the end?Don't wait for the decomposition below.So the way of fame and fortune has to be understood.If you really understand life, it is most important to determine which path you take, otherwise you will live your life in a very real and responsible way, doing what you have to do, and not asking too much.A real gentleman is demanding of himself, whether it is knowledge or any career, he only asks himself, how much do he have?How much have you enriched?How much did you work hard?All achievements depend on your own efforts, don't rely on others, and don't make things happen because of people.In terms of cultivation of introspection, only ask yourself how to deal with others, and not ask others how to treat you.The Master said: A gentleman seeks from himself, a villain seeks from others.The Master said: A gentleman is reserved and does not fight, and a group does not belong to the party.

The Master said: A gentleman does not use his words to lift others up, nor does he use others to waste his words. These are the cultural standards of a gentleman and an intellectual.To be a gentleman, one must be reserved and not contend. "独" is the inner arrogance, (pride is two different things. As I said before, looking down on others without real ability is arrogance; having real ability but thinking of yourself as high is arrogance.) Pride should be in your bones, and you don’t need to be outwardly. Proud, with inner integrity, you can die of poverty and starvation, and you will never bow your head. This is pride. "Group" means dedicated and happy group, getting along well with each other, but not selfish, not taking the road of selfishness, and taking the road of ecumenism.Regarding people's observations, don't think that the other party is right when he says a word is right; and don't listen to his good opinions just because the other party is bad in one point.

The above-mentioned words are all centered on the sentence "a gentleman is ill and his name is not well-known". think about others Zigong asked: Is there anyone who has a word that can be practiced for a lifetime?The Master said: I am sorry!Do unto others, do not impose on others. Zigong asked Confucius, can the principle of cultivation of life be summed up in one sentence?Don't talk so much about the principles of being a human being. As long as there is one key point, you can follow this goal in your life. Confucius said this way of forgiveness.Later generations mentioned the spirit of Confucius' teaching and often talked about the Confucian way of loyalty and forgiveness.Later generations study the content it includes, forgiveness is to push oneself and others, think for yourself and others.In today's terms, it means being objective about everything, thinking that what I want, he also wants.Some people often feel unhappy and dissatisfied with the handling of a matter.To be honest, if you deal with it yourself, it may not be better than the other party. The problem lies in our human psychology. There is a natural requirement, which is to ask others to be perfect; when we ask friends, subordinates or officers, we hope that he has no shortcomings. Everything is good.But don't forget that the other party is also a person, and since he is a person, he has shortcomings.From the perspective of psychology, it is absolutely selfish to wish for others to be good, because the perfection and flawlessness of the other party is based on one's own views and needs.What I think is wrong with the other party is actually only because it violates my opinion, the concept generated according to my own needs or behavior, and I feel that the other party is wrong.This is always the case in society, especially in religious circles, and political circles are no exception.A Christian, or a Catholic, or a Buddhist, has strict requirements on leaders—priests, priests, or mages.Because religious people forget that the leader is also a person, and think that pastors, priests, and mages are gods.Is this psychologically good?it is good.But asking too much of others.From this example, we can see the difficulty of forgiveness.Later generations explained the way of forgiveness, separated the word forgiveness, and interpreted it as "such as" and "heart".Even if it suits my heart, what my heart wants, others want; what I want to take advantage of, others also want to take.We share a little profit with others, which is forgiveness; if we feel that others are wrong, forgive him a little, that is forgiveness.Forgiveness is especially important to Zi Gong.Because of his high talent, among the disciples of Confucianism, Zi Gong's performance in his work is not only good in business, he is a giant in industry and commerce, he is also an outstanding talent in diplomacy and politics.Talented people are prone to make mistakes that cannot forgive others, and it is difficult to tolerate others' mistakes.Therefore, what Confucius said to Zi Gong has more profound meaning.He replied to Zigong that there is one sentence that can be practiced throughout life and is beneficial, but the hardest thing to do is "forgiveness". "Don't do to others what you don't want yourself to do to yourself." This is the commentary of forgiveness.

Here comes the problem again. In the above article on "Gong Ye Chang", we saw Zigong said: "I don't want others to do me wrong, and I also want nothing to do to others." Zi said: "Give me , beyond your reach." Zi Gong has also proposed his way of forgiveness that extends oneself to others.He said, "I don't want others to give it to me; similarly, I don't want to transfer it to others." It can be seen that he has already practiced forgiveness.But here Confucius said, Zigong!It's not something you can do.Now Confucius teaches Zi Gong instead, "Don't do to others what you don't want yourself to do to yourself." How is this different from Zi Gong's preface?Could it be that Confucius always asserted his authority, and only his words were right, and the students’ words were also wrong?In fact, it is not the case. What Zigong said and what Confucius is answering now, on the surface, seem to be different only in words, but their meanings are the same.In fact, there is a big difference in foothold.

Zigong said, what I don’t want others to do to me is unreasonable, and I also don’t want to do it to others.This is self-centered. After I was hindered, I thought of not making trouble for others in the same way.Now Confucius said, as long as I find that I don't need it, I don't give it to others.Basically, you are strictly demanding your own purification, and don't rely on comparison before thinking of others.Pay special attention to this point. Secondly, if these two verses are combined to explain each other, then it is "Zigong said: I don't want others to impose on me, and I also want nothing to be imposed on others. Zi said: Give it, don't you So far." "Zigong asked: Is there a word that can be practiced for life? The Master said: "Forgive me! Don't do to others what you don't want yourself to do." This is the sharpness of Confucius' teaching method, which is equivalent to There is a story in the Zen school of later generations: Guanxiu, a poet monk in the late Tang Dynasty, wrote two very proud poems: "When you get a sentence, you first present it to the Buddha. No one knows this heart." He showed it to an old Zen monk, and the old monk asked him: "What is this heart?" Guanxiu couldn't answer.The old monk laughed and said: "No one knows this heart." This dialogue between Confucius and Zigong is as meaningful and interesting as this one, and it is worth pondering.

From the standpoint of a nerd, who specializes in studying his own life, I think that the eight words "Do not do to others what you don't want to be done to others" cannot be done. We will make mistakes that violate these eight words anytime and anywhere.Especially in the group life of the younger generation, you can see many examples.The day before yesterday, a student who was serving in the military came back and said that his three toothbrushes and six pairs of shorts were all "touched" and ran away.In fact, I have these things at all, but I like to "touch" other people's things, and I feel very happy when I "touch" them.Does this behavior mean that he is "stealing"?Not necessarily so serious.A door curtain was missing from our landing the day before yesterday.The person in charge said it was stolen, but I said forget it, it must have been "touched" by young people.Did he say he stole on purpose?He didn't mean that.Say he didn't steal it?Young people have this kind of mentality, it is very fun and tasteful to touch, and they still call themselves heroes there.If someone "touches" something and runs away, I will definitely feel unhappy, but if I have the opportunity, I will "touch" others.When living in a group life, some people washed their hands and were supposed to wipe them off on their own towels, but saw one hanging next to them and wiped it on someone else's towel.Why did such a thought and behavior emerge?This is a small matter, and it is impossible to do "do not do to others what you do not want to do to yourself." For big things, to do what I don't want, what I don't want to bear, and don't let others bear it, is too great. This person Not a person, but a saint.too difficult!But the intention of being a human being must be cultivated in this direction.Whether it can be done is another matter.

The cultivation of these eight characters is very difficult to achieve, "Don't do to others what you don't want yourself to do to others." At the same time, it means "Do to others what you want to do to yourself." Later, Buddhist thought spread to China and was translated as "Bushi".The word "cloth" is added to the word Shi, which means universal.The Buddhist idea of ​​giving is the same as the Confucian idea of ​​forgiveness. The so-called compassion is the foundation and convenience is the door, which is the spirit of giving.There are two things in life that are most difficult to give up, one is wealth and the other is life.As long as it is beneficial to the world, giving away your life and property is giving.This is too difficult, even if you can't do it, you should yearn for it.

ruin and reputation The Master said: I am to others, whoever destroys whose reputation?If there is a reputation, it has been tried.Simin too!The reason why the three generations went straight. Confucius said, I don't care about people's praise or reputation. For example, if that person says someone is good and that person says someone is bad, it is difficult to make a conclusion.From my experience, don't criticize others easily, and don't flatter others easily.It's easy to be fooled by compliments.But I always feel that it is right to compliment people, as long as the compliment is not excessive.You have to be clear about yourself, no one is immune to disaster, and there are many disasters, not even any religious person can avoid disaster.Like Jesus was crucified and died because he was destroyed by others.And the greater the person, the more they are slandered, so it is said that "slander follows the name".The more famous a person is, the more slander will follow.

When Cao Cao was not strong enough, he fought Yuan Shao for the first time, and the situation was in dire straits. His subordinates had no confidence and believed that they would lose the battle. Many people had contacts with Yuan Shao and stepped on both sides of the boat so that if the situation was not right, they could defeat Yuan Shao. go over there.Cao Cao sent people to check all the letters and materials they exchanged, and they were in his hands. After the battle was won, Cao Cao immediately destroyed all these materials, and he didn't even read them, let alone ask them.Some people said to Cao Cao that these people are unreliable and should be investigated. Cao Cao said, who is not with my family and wants to find a way out for the family and children?At that time, I was not sure whether I won or lost, so why should I pursue them now?My own beliefs are shaken, how can I ask them?If you continue to pursue it, the implications will be too extensive, and you will not find a loyal person in the end, so there is no need to pursue it.This is also Cao Cao's anti-forgiveness, deliberately doing it to be tolerant.Secondly, there is an ancient sentence: "Which person does not talk behind his back? Which person does not talk about others?" When people meet each other, they talk about others in a few words. This is a common thing, and it is nothing special.However, as a person in charge of a unit or a leader, he must rely on his own wisdom and self-cultivation, and he will not casually talk about others, nor will he casually believe what other people criticize. people, there must be disagreements between them, and the two

At least there are unpleasant things in the world. In such a situation, the supervisor must keep the helm steady, otherwise he will not be able to lead his subordinates.Other people who can say good things about others often have problems among them.In his satirical works, Li Zongwu synthesized the general psychology of the society, and included "six-character mantras for seeking an official", "six-character mantras for being an official", "two wonderful ways to do things", the so-called "repairing the pot", "sawing "Arrow" all point out the worst way of human beings.Some people are the most flattering people, but his compliments are also useful. Since modern times, everyone has admired Zeng Guofan.In fact, the environment he encountered at that time, both reputation and reputation went hand in hand.Therefore, he gave a poem for the 41st birthday of Yuanpu's nine younger brothers: "The left row of bells and the right slander the book, there are multiplication and division everywhere in the world. Bow your head and worship the slaughtered sheep, and say that everything is too empty." This means that they were at that time In this situation, there are a lot of commendations and certificates on the left.On the right there are many nasty and offensive leaflets.Who knows what is right and wrong in this world!If one end is added, the other end will definitely be missing. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division make it difficult to calculate those accounts.You just need to read the story about Tu Yang Shuo (person’s name) in the book, and you should have the mind of Tu Yang Shuo in your attitude towards life and dealing with the world. Confucius said here that you should not make judgments when you hear who destroys or praises others; on the other hand, it can also be said that you don’t care if someone criticizes or compliments you.If someone praises others too much, there must be a reason for it.Excessive words, whether they are slander or reputation, must have reasons and problems.Therefore, reputation is not an absolute standard for measuring people, and those who listen must be clear.When Confucius said this, he couldn't help sighing: "These people now!"Then he said another sentence: "The reason why the three generations followed the straight path" is that the ancients of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties did not listen to these criticisms, they followed the straight path, and their hearts were straightforward.It is very difficult to walk the straight path. If you don’t follow the straight path and change with reputation, you can’t be a person; you can’t lead people if you are a supervisor.So on this point, being a person, doing things, self-cultivation and getting along with others are all important. He also once said: "Praise the world without persuasion, and destroy it without dismay." A true great sage, reputation cannot be shaken.People all over the world will not be tempted by compliments on him; praise does not increase the effect of encouragement to him; he is supposed to be a good person, but no matter how much he compliments him, he is still a good person.The whole world will slander him, and it will not be discouraged by slander, but it will still do the same.This is the level of not being surprised by praise or reputation, even to the extent that the reputation of the whole world is ignored. This is the realm of a saint and a manly spirit. According to historical records, there was one person who had this kind of stupidity, and Wang Anshi had the spirit of a bookworm.In the past, some people said that Wang Anshi was not good, and some people said that he was a great politician. It is hard to say for sure.But there are a few things about Wang Anshi that are remarkable. His firm will is beyond the reach of ordinary people.He once had the stubbornness of "heavenly changes are not enough to be feared, people's words are not enough to be feared, ancestors are not enough to follow the law, and sages are not enough to be teachers".He didn't pay attention to the ancient sages, and he was a contemporary sage. It can be seen how stubborn this kind of person is.On the contrary, what about saying that he is a demon?But it's also hard to say.He wore worn-out clothes all his life, and even when he was prime minister, the emperor saw the clothes on his collar. There are lice.My eyes are short-sighted, and I only see the plate in front of me when I eat food. Life is so simple, but my will is stupid, so stupid.He doesn't move at all about praise and reputation, and he doesn't move on the surface, but in fact he still moves in his heart.So this passage can be used as our motto, and it is very difficult to be able to do it without being tempted by praise or reputation. Access without cars and less horseback riding The Master said: I am like Shi Zhiwen, whoever has a horse, borrows someone to ride it.I am dead now! This is Confucius' sigh about the evolution of the culture of the times.When he was studying ancient Chinese culture, he said that it would be more difficult to study in the future, and all historical materials would be lost.He was also lucky to see incomplete sources of ancient history.For example, people who had horses in ancient times lent others to ride them. It is difficult to find information about this in modern times.Therefore, it is impossible to study ancient history in the future.Therefore, Confucius temporarily cut off the history of China at that time, and began to organize the "Book of Books" from Tang Yao. In fact, there are historical facts before Yao.If you study it in the usual way, Yao has a history of two million years, at least more than one million years.From Fuxi and Shennong, from the Yellow Emperor to the present It is more than 5,000 years, and it is more than 3,000 years from Yao and Shun to the present. It is difficult to say how long the Chinese nation has been in history. However, a new book on outer space science recently translated from foreign countries already doubts that there are indeed outer spacemen, which proves that human beings did not evolve from apes; it also proves that human culture has a history of at least one million years.On the contrary, these materials prove that the ancient Chinese legends are correct. Unfortunately, Westerners do not understand this aspect of Chinese materials.And our own scholars wish to shorten the history of our own country and nation as much as possible.If we read the old history, we know that there are more than one million years.I don't know how many years it took from Fuxi's painting of gossip to the Yellow Emperor, but at least tens of thousands of years.Confucius deleted history from the beginning of Tang Yao's dating, because there are materials to check, so he started from Yao started, but later generations are still skeptical about this part of the information.In the past few decades, we have committed a problem of "doubting the ancient times" in theory, and have destroyed our own culture.Recently, the theories all over the world have "respected the ancients" as we did before, and this shows how great Confucius is in "telling but not writing, believing and loving the ancients".Many new discoveries in outer space science and interstellar science are worth noting.Speaking of this passage, Confucius said from the incomplete historical materials that "those who have horses should borrow others to ride them." It can be seen that the spirit of mutual assistance in ancient society was very good.In other words, if you have a car and your neighbors want to use it, just use it. This is the kindness of the previous society.This is just a random example from Confucius, isn’t it It is said that people in the future will not be so kind. This mainly means that he has seen this incomplete text, but at that time, there were not enough materials for ordinary people to study the ancient times.that is it.It's not that Confucius got angry because he didn't have a horse to ride and couldn't borrow it from his friends. Shinobu and Damou The Master said: Clever words mess up morality, small intolerance leads to great chaos. These two sentences are very clear, that is, personal cultivation.The connotation of sly talk can also be said to include bragging, liking to talk big, flattering, and talking empty words.Whispering words are pleasant to listen to, and make people listen to them. People who listen to them are poisoned or trapped and don't know it. This kind of smart words will most disturb the normal morality. "Small intolerance will lead to great chaos." It has two meanings. One is that people should be patient, be patient in everything, and tolerate a little.Many major failures are often caused by small things going wrong.One meaning is that you have to be patient, be ruthless, and decisive in doing things. Sometimes when you encounter something, you have to make a decision all at once. Only by persevering can you succeed. It is also a little intolerable.This "forbearance" can be interpreted in two ways. The meaning of these two sentences together is: if an idea or speech is regarded as a small matter, it doesn't matter, but if you overuse compassion and benevolence, you will often miss major events.We can see from Confucius’ own deeds that when he was the Sikou in the State of Lu, although he only served for three months, the first thing he did when he came to power was to kill Shaozhengmao, because he argued falsely and could mess up righteousness.Now there is a group of anti-Confucius people who say that Confucius killed Shaozhengmao out of selfishness, because Shaozhengmao was better than him in thought and knowledge, and had more students than him. He got jealous and killed Shaozhengmao.These arguments seem interesting at first. In fact, Shaozhengmao is a very good talker. Confucius’ students often went to listen to him. At that time, many of them were tempted by him. Therefore, it is said that Confucius killed him for revenge. Shaozhengmao.We should pay attention to this point. People who write crooked articles in the world are very powerful, attractive, and provocative; decent articles are not easy to attract people, and good things are not attractive when written in articles; It's also strange that I can't write something about it.Those who write provocative articles are all people like Shao Zhengmao. Such people may not stand up, but his articles will arouse the social atmosphere and even affect the whole society.Therefore, if people's speeches and articles do not have basic moral cultivation, they will become rhetoric and chaotic morality.Regarding this kind of matter, Confucius believed that it must be dealt with, otherwise it will become a kind of appeasement. Application: When dealing with things, the word "forbearance" can be used as "decision"; when dealing with people, "forbearance" should be used to mean "be patient" and "tolerance". The Master said: All those who are evil must be investigated; all those who are good must be investigated. This is from the question of praise and reputation, until here, Confucius said, everyone hates this person, don’t believe it casually, you must investigate and judge for yourself; everyone agrees, loves him, and don’t be deceived. To observe him again.If we use these two sentences to confirm personal experience, everyone has a lot of small things. Some scholars and literati are very knowledgeable, but they are also the most easily deceived by emotions and easily emotionally impulsive. Aspects and judgments are often wrong.These two sentences, when expanded, can cite many historical facts. Now let's return to the aspect of personal cultivation. As a leader, you should not be completely influenced by others for your own cadres, and you must observe clearly yourself. For example, Wang Mang was such a person at that time.Before he usurped the throne, there was no one who didn't say good about him, but who would have known that he would turn into such a bad person later on.Reading this piece of history is a good proof. The Master said: Human beings can spread the Tao, not the Tao can promote people. This is the main idea in the above paragraphs - the human problem.All human affairs and all history are human problems.Talented people can carry forward the Tao.The so-called Tao is truth, which is an abstract term, rigid, it cannot promote people, it needs people to cultivate truth.That's the point.So Confucius always talked about humanistic culture. The Master said: If you pass the past and don't change it, you have passed it! This is Confucius' view on faults: It doesn't matter if a person has faults, as long as he can correct himself, he can correct his mistakes.If there is a fault and you refuse to correct it, it is a serious fault, a real fault. The Master said: I have tried not to eat or sleep all day long, thinking about it is useless, it is better to study. Confucius shared his own experience. He said that he once did not eat or sleep all day in order to study a problem, and devoted himself to the research by thinking, but found that it was useless. It is better to seek knowledge.Because knowledge is needed to cooperate with thinking, so we need to read more and think more. It is also mentioned in the above theory: it is not right to think without learning, and it is not right to learn without thinking.A talented and thoughtful person must first pay attention to reading more and studying more.I thought I was a genius and smart, but if I read more books, I would become very humble.We often think that it is a great discovery. After reading more books, we realize that the ancients have already said it. We know that we have not surpassed the ancients, and the ancients know much more than we know.For example, materialism has existed in Chinese culture for a long time, but there are not so many. Only a few principles, after research, know that it cannot be established.There are also many things in the West, we have had them before, but we haven't brought them into full play.Nowadays young people are engaged in thinking and want to create, but they can't create, so knowledge and thinking must be coordinated.After learning and thinking, Confucius then said: How many people are worried about poverty The Master said: A gentleman seeks the way but not food.Geng Ye, get discouraged in it!Learning also, Lu is one of them.A gentleman worries about Dao but not poverty. All of us are used to saying that "a gentleman seeks the way but does not seek food" and "a gentleman worries about the way and does not worry about poverty." The original text is what Confucius said.It is said that a gentleman who is truly learned and takes the responsibility of the world and the country is only worried about the failure of the way, and does not consider the problems of life;If you work hard, you can live a decent life, but not necessarily getting rich.As long as you work hard to learn, if you have true knowledge, you are not afraid of having no future, no position, or being buried. "Seek the way but not seek food, worry about the way and not worry about poverty." It is a good motto and a rule of life.The Master said: Knowing and reaching it, benevolence cannot be kept, even if you gain it, you will lose it.If you know and understand it, benevolence can protect it, but if you don't respect it, the people will not respect it.Knowing and understanding it, benevolence can guard it, Zhuang respects it, and moving it without propriety is not kind. These are some standards when it comes to learning and self-cultivation when doing things.Wisdom, foresight, and foresight.For example, when you buy stocks, you see it, you buy it, you make money, but you want to be greedy for more. At this time, you can’t control yourself, you don’t know how to brake, and you still lose money in the end.This is true for all the big and small things in life, career prospects, and life. It is easy to start a business with a clear vision; it is the highest self-cultivation to be able to brake when you are proud of the spring breeze and when it is time to brake.But at this time, people are always unwilling to brake, just rushing upwards, and what they get in the end will definitely be lost.What Lao Tzu told us is "success, fame, and retirement." To do it properly, at least stabilize this stage first.This seems to be a means, but the difference between means and morality lies in the heart: follow the way of forgiveness, consider others, be more human, and less selfish, which is morality.If you are wise enough to see things accurately, "benevolence can keep it", you can hold it firmly, but if you don't "give it to you", you don't have real dignity in your heart, and if you say it for the sake of society and others, people will still not be convinced.After achieving the three points of "knowledge and reach it, benevolence can keep it, and respect it", external behaviors must be respected everywhere, polite, lawful, and regulated.Only when these four points are achieved can one be perfect in being a person, doing things, engaging in politics, self-cultivation, and career, otherwise there will always be problems.If we use these four points to observe the industrial and commercial society, it is the same and cannot be violated.Some people were very capable with bare hands, and they were very rich at that time, but many people "couldn't keep their benevolence" and saw them fall. In the past twenty years, I don't know how many examples. Small and easy to gain Next, we turn to discussing things based on people. A gentleman should not be underestimated, but be greatly appreciated.A villain should not suffer greatly, but know little. This passage has two meanings.When we study it, we feel the depth of this famous saying.If it is combined with the experience of life, it can be used inexhaustibly in a lifetime, and it can be used endlessly.The "little knowledge" in the first paragraph of "a gentleman should not be underestimated", from an objective point of view, we cannot look at a great and successful person in a small way, and we can only see his greatness when he has achieved something; on the contrary, it is Small people can't see big achievements, but small places can see his strengths.Subjectively speaking: a gentleman is great, has great knowledge, profound cultivation, and lofty morality. When looking at things, he does not look at the small things but pays attention to the big things.A villain should not be too successful, if he is given great suffering, he will not be able to bear it, and he will be satisfied with a small place. This is the explanation of two viewpoints. If in terms of life experience, we have seen many smart people, they are over when they succeed at a young age. True wisdom depends on the great integrity, and if you can receive it at the great integrity, you have great roots and great tools.I remember that the ancients had a poem about pine trees that described life very clearly: "Since I was young, I was buried in grass, but now it is gradually growing out of Penghao. At that time, people didn't know Ling Yungan, and they waited until Ling Yun began to reach the top." This poem is about a tree. When the pine seedlings were young, they were buried there like ordinary grass. No one could have imagined that this seedling in this piece of grass would become such a tall tree after decades or hundreds of years.But at that time it was growing slowly, only a little taller than Xiaocao, and people at that time would never recognize it, and it would become a sacred tree in the future.Most people wait until the tree has grown so high that it seems to be reaching the sky, then they look up and admire: "It's great! It's tall! It's good! It's amazing!" Life is like this, when you usually work hard, It's so pitiful, no one understands, and when it succeeds, everyone applauds.After seeing through life, you have to work hard on your own, and when you succeed, people will naturally praise and call you great.Whether it is knowledge or career, it is the same.Similarly, there is another poem: "After the rain, the grass grows in the mountains, and the valleys along the streams are full of poor students. How can ordinary people grow up by themselves through the power of cultivation." This poem is often written to encourage students.Some Chinese poems are difficult to read. Literally, they describe scenery, an irrelevant picture, but actually contain a high level of philosophical truth.As the poem says, after it rains, the grass in the mountains will soon grow green and verdant, and the valleys along the streams will be full of green.There are so many ordinary grasses, who will plant them?Who fertilizes it?They are all self-growth.The same is true for us people, like the Hongye Little League team, when they came back from a game in Japan, everyone praised them.But when they practiced in the deep mountains of Taitung back then, stones were used as balls and branches were used as sticks. Isn't it "poor life along the stream and valleys"?Later, the victory parade, everyone thought it was our glory.Isn't their success the same as "how can ordinary people grow up by themselves by virtue of cultivation power"?The same is true of life, and the same is true of children's education. It is necessary to make him suffer and give him an environment to "grow up by himself".Parents' love is too much, which is exactly what ruined him.After reading these two poems, we can understand the principle of little knowledge and great suffering.People with great achievements must stand up from hardships and hardships, and don't be mistaken by petty cleverness, let alone short-sighted.Therefore, the great place where the words of the sages are recorded in the book is like a good antique placed in front of you. It is not affected by time and space, and the more beautiful it is, the more you look at it. From any angle, you feel that there is a new discovery.Today's industrial products are different. They look beautiful at first glance, but they will be finished after two days of display. They are so annoying that they must be destroyed.Ancient books have this principle, and its meaning allows us to discover and experience it in many ways.For these few sentences, sometimes we don’t necessarily have to say what kind of view we have, but we need to experience more in life. hot potato Then from being a human being, and then talking about the principles of politics. The Master said: The people are more benevolent than water and fire.Water and fire, I have seen those who danced and died, but I did not see those who died when they danced benevolence. He said that when ordinary people mention benevolence and righteousness, their fear is more severe than water and fire. Water can drown people, and fire can burn people to death, so people are afraid of water and fire.Confucius said: I have seen people jump into the water and be drowned, and jump into the fire and be burned to death.Benevolence and righteousness are not so terrible. If you really do it, you won't be starved to death. True benevolence and righteousness are beneficial.But people are afraid and refuse to do it, so it is easy to tell people to do bad things, but it is scary to tell people to do good things.But I have not seen people die because of doing good deeds, and those who did not do good deeds died even worse. Among them, I talked with some senior intellectuals and old gentlemen with high fame and wealth. I said that if we talk about it behind closed doors, whether it is the way of Confucius and Mencius or benevolence, our Chinese nation is terrible.May I ask why Confucius always talked about benevolence?Not only Confucius talked about benevolence, but Laozi and Zhuangzi also talked about it. It can be seen that there are too many people who are not benevolent and filial in our nation, so they talk about benevolence and filial piety.It is equal to Western culture, which was too dictatorial back then, so it talked about democracy and freedom.If a society has too much democracy and too much freedom, do you think they still talk about freedom and democracy?He didn't need democracy and freedom then.It can be seen that our nation is a very difficult nation, that is, there are too many people who are not kind and filial, so Confucius taught everyone to be kind and filial.It is a fact that education is the reflection of the public mind.Studying the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, power struggles, father and son, brothers do not recognize each other, what kind of family relationship is there?What love?So Confucius talked about benevolence!Filial piety!Therefore, the good places of our nation are great, but it is really difficult to introspect behind closed doors.We are a member of this nation, so we have a deeper understanding, which is difficult to handle.Here Confucius is talking about the psychology of ordinary people. When it comes to benevolence, they are very afraid and afraid of losing money. Confucius said a humorous saying, saying that he has never seen anyone jumping over the benevolence and being burned to death. This means that ordinary people are not willing to do it. Benevolence is very good at reasoning, but it is difficult to do.So what spirit should we use to do it? Confucius said: Don't let your teacher do your part. This sentence has several concepts.先解释文字：当仁义所在的地方，都可以反对老师，老师错了还是错了，并不见得老师一定对。老师做得不仁，就不对。另一个观点，也可以看到孔子的教育，并不是专制教育。他这句话就是告诉学生，只要认真理、认正义。真理对了，正义对了，就不要考虑我这个老师怎样了。也等于西方哲学家亚里斯多德说的：“吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理。”这是他当时与他的老师柏拉图，发生了相左的意见，这种意见相左，并不是对老师不尊敬。真理所在，对于老师的意见， 也没有办法同意的。这就是做学问的精神，把皇帝的意见都碰回去。不管是老师或皇帝，正义所在一定要争，这是中国知识分子必守的信条。但是有一点： 子曰：君子贞而不谅。 这个“不谅”不是不原谅，是说一个君子，要真正的诚敬而不能马虎，不能随便的违反了正义。Next: 子曰：事君，敬其事而后其食。 为人干部，为人臣下的时候要敬，就是现在讲的“负责任”，先真正能负了责任，然后再考虑到自己待遇、生活的问题。假使说为了待遇生活而担任这个职务，那是另一观念。一个知识分子做一件事，并不一定为了吃饭。一个人吃饭、生活的方式很多，所以要认识清楚，做事是为了责任问题。 子曰：有教无类。 这句话大家都知道，不需要解释，这是孔子的教育精神。他不分阶级，不分地域，不分智愚，只要肯受教，以人文文化为基础，一律谆谆教诲。 子曰：道不同，不相为谋。 可是有一点，思想目的不同，没有办法共同相谋。但并没有说一定要排斥。没有办法互相讨论计划一件事，只好各走各的路。 花果枝叶 子曰：辞，达而已矣！ 说话、文章都是辞。当然，写文章要成为一个文学家很难，说话要训练得擅于言词，擅于演讲也很难。虽然不要求太华丽，但是有一个主要的目的，那便是能够真正表达自己的意思。在人生的经验上，有许多人真爱说话，开口就是一大篇，可是讲了半天，不知他讲了些什么。写文章也是一样，许多人面对稿子，心里说“我要写文章”，十分精神中七分在担心写不好，花了半天时间，两行都写不下来。其实不要管这些，心里想到哪里，就写到哪里，写完以后，再增删调整一下就好了。所以孔子说的“辞，达而已矣！”真正的好文章，是表达意思，好的文章不要“作” 的，雕凿起来就不行了。这一句同时呼应上论“行有余力，则以学文。”的话，说明文辞不过是学问的枝末。 下面是结尾了。这一篇开始是卫灵公向孔子问军事，孔子不愿答这个问题。下面结论，就是点出人文之道的重要。 师冕见。及阶，子曰：阶也。及席，子曰：席也。皆坐，子告之曰：某在斯，某在斯。师冕出，子张问曰：与师言之道与？子曰：然！固相师之道也。 师是古代很重要的文化官，管音乐艺术的大乐师。在春秋战国时代，乐师与后来的太史令同样重要，因为古代非常重视礼乐文化。这个名叫冕的大乐师来看孔子。古代的乐师，多半是瞎子，孔子出来接他，扶着他，快要上台阶时，告诉他这里是台阶了。古代没有桌子板凳，席地而坐，就是后世日本的榻榻米一样。到了席位时，孔子又说这里是席位了，请坐吧。等大家坐下来，孔子就说某先生在你左边，某先生在你对面，一一很噜嗦的告诉他。 等师冕走了，子张就问，老师，你待他的规矩这样多，处处都要讲一声，待乐师之道，就要这样吗？孔子说，当然要这样，我们不但是对他的官位要如此；对这样眼睛看不见的人，在我们作人做事的态度上，都应该这样接待他。 从这一点，我们想到，很多伟大的教主们，常做这样的事。佛经里就有这样一个故事：释迦牟尼有一个弟子，眼睛看不见，但还是自己缝衣服，有一天他穿不起针线来，就在那里大声叫，要求同学帮忙他穿一下针线。但是他的同学，那一班罗汉们，都在打坐入定了，没人理他。释迦牟尼这位老师，就自己下来帮他穿好针线，交给他手上，教他怎样缝。这个学生一听到声音，才知道是释迦牟尼。他说，老师怎么亲自来？释迦牟尼说，这是我应该做的。而且马上对所有的弟子们上了一课说，人应该做的，就是这种事，为什么不肯帮助残废的人、穷苦的人？训了一顿话。 所以我说是连贯的，这一篇由第一段，孔子不肯答复军事的问题，一直讲到作人处世，结论是要帮助残废孤苦的人。而且又以孔子接待大乐师的事，烘托出国家的根本在礼乐。可见每篇的编辑、安排都是恰到好处。我们读完全篇以后，再一想，余味无穷，也代表了孔门的思想，孔子的精神——教人学问的道理究竟在什么地方。 另外还有一点关于这一段的附带说明。就是我国古来的大音乐家，差不多全是瞎子。像师旷为了要使自己的音乐素养更上层楼，他觉得眼睛外视容易使精神耗散，所以将自己的双眼刺瞎，结果果然成为中国的一代音乐宗师。这个道理也就是中国道家修持的理论——“绝利一源，用师十倍。”也就是老子所说的“不见可欲，其心不乱”。因为一个人的精神及生理，都是靠食物来补充，但又由思想、九窍消耗。而补充的永远比不上消耗的，所以人才有衰老、死亡。这些都是由大乐师的眼睛而引起的，暂且搁置，以后如有机会，再谈这个理论的正确与否。