Chapter 12 Part Eleven Tour Zhang

Yan Yan, courtesy name Ziyou, was a forty-six-year-old Confucius, and was the third batch of students of Confucius.People from the state of Lu are also said to be from the state of Wu.Ziyou was supposed to be from Wucheng. This place is on the border between Lu and Wu, sometimes belonging to Lu and sometimes belonging to Wu.Ziyou, as famous as Zixia, was one of the most outstanding students in the third batch of students of Confucius.He is very smart, vigilant and fickle, and he is deeply loved by Confucius.However, Zixia and Zixia look down on each other.Later, he set up a private school to teach Confucianism, known as Ziyou's Confucianism. Unfortunately, his achievements were not great and he was lost for a long time.

Master Zhuan Sun, courtesy name Zizhang, was forty-nine years old when he was younger than Confucius, and was the third batch of students of Confucius.Chen Guoren was a student of Confucius who traveled around the world in Chen Guoren.Zizhang studies hard, but he is a bit old-fashioned, loves to be stubborn, has a eccentric personality, and is difficult to get along with.Confucius once admired Zizhang very much, but in his later years, he was more disappointed with Zizhang.Zizhang also set up a private school to teach Confucianism, known as Zizhang's Confucianism, his achievements were not great, and he was lost for a long time.

Ziyou said: "It is humiliating to serve the number of rulers; it is sparse to have the number of friends." Ziyou said: "Serving the ruler is too tedious, and he will be insulted; treating friends too tediously, and he will be alienated." Number, the meaning of enumeration, is like a few treasures.Here is the meaning of talking too long, talking too much, so talking too much will lead to loss.This is what Confucius meant when he said that "a gentleman is slow in speech but quick in action". Ziyou is smart, flexible, and eloquent. He has the highest emotional intelligence among the third generation of Confucius' disciples and knows how to behave in the world.These two sentences are actually his principles of doing things.From these two sentences, it can be seen that Ziyou is also quite arrogant, no wonder he can't get along with Zixia.

Although the words are said by Ziyou, the thoughts are still Confucius's. 7.8 (12.23) Zigong asked friends.The Master said: "Advise and do it well, stop if you can't do it, and don't humiliate yourself." This passage has the same meaning. In history, many people suffered because they did not follow Ziyou's advice.For example, Yue Fei said all day long, "Go straight to Huanglong, welcome the second sage and return to the court", regardless of whether Song Gaozong is willing or not. If he talks too much, Song Gaozong is unhappy and sends Qin Hui to kill him. Is it wrong?

No matter who you are with, click to the end, the so-called tacit understanding.If you click and fail to click, you have to stop. If there is no consonance, it is useless to click again. In Wucheng of the son, the sound of stringed songs is heard.The master smiled and said, "Why do you use a ox knife to cut chickens?" Ziyou said to him: "In the past, I also heard that the masters said: 'A gentleman who learns the way loves others, and a villain who learns the way is easy to use.'" Said: "Second and three sons! Yan's words are also true. The preface is the ear of the play."

When Confucius went to Wucheng, he heard the sound of playing the piano and singing.Confucius smiled and said, "Why do you need to kill a chicken with a knife that kills an ox?" Ziyou replied, "I heard the Master say before, 'A gentleman can love others if he learns the rites and music, and a villain can be easy to manage if he learns the rites and music. '" Confucius said: "Students, what Yan Yan said is correct. What I just said was just a joke." How to kill a chicken with a butcher's knife, this idiom comes from here.What Confucius meant, is it too wasteful to perform something as noble as rites and music here for the grassroots?

Ziyou's eloquence is really good, Confucius said something wrong, and Ziyou "hit Zi's shield with Zi's spear", Confucius had to say that he was joking and find a way to go down. It is Ziyou who can make the teacher unable to get down the stairs on the spot, and has to find a ladder for himself. This "ear of opera" was widely used later, and it was all used to find steps.For example, at the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao captured Zhang Liao. He was going to kill Zhang Liao. Liu Bei interceded for Zhang Liao. Ear." In a word, Liu Bei's face was also given, and the good man did it himself, and Zhang Liao later became Cao Cao's confidant general.

Before Bai Juyi became famous in the Tang Dynasty, he asked to see Gu Kuang, a famous poet at that time. Gu Kuang looked down on him and said: "Chang'an is expensive, but it is not easy to live here." He looked at Bai Juyi with admiration, and changed his words: "There is a saying like this, how difficult is it to live? The old man's foreword is a joke!" Haha, the ear of the prologue. If you don't have the generosity to admit your mistakes, at least you must have the wisdom of "the ear of the preface". Ziyou said, "Mourning ends with mourning."

Ziyou said, "It's fine to mourn the funeral." This sentence is also what Confucius once expressed the same meaning.Ziyou is a flexible thinker. Regarding Confucius' theories, he often uses words that fit his own ideas.From Ziyou's emphasis on this point, he is more open-minded than Confucius, and he does not attach so much importance to funerals. Everything should be done in moderation, otherwise it will be false.The boss's mother died, and you cried more vigorously than the leader. Isn't that fake crying? Ziyou said: "My friend Zhang is also difficult, but he is not benevolent."

Ziyou said: "It can be said that my friend Zizhang has worked very hard, but he is not flexible enough to be flexible." .”) The previous explanations all talked about "rareness" and "benevolence". As for what is rare and what is benevolence, they don't say anything, so they are all fooling around and defrauding people of money.In terms of the personalities of Ziyou and Zizhang, Ziyou must use his own strengths to talk about Zizhang's weaknesses.So this incompetence means working hard, Ziyou admits Zizhang's strengths, and then says that his weakness is that he doesn't know how to adapt, which means that his emotional intelligence is not enough and he is not easy to get along with.What is benevolence?Confucius did not give a standard answer. Everyone who asks this question gets a different answer, but one thing is the same, that is, "Correcting your inadequacy to adapt to society is your benevolence."Therefore, the "weiren" here refers to Zizhang's shortcomings.

The relationship between Ziyou and Zizhang seems to be good, and this passage must be said to someone else. With Zizhang's character, today, he is a very good financial director. Zeng Zi said: "The majesty is like Zhang Ye, but it is difficult to be with him and benevolent." Zeng Zi said: "Zi Zhang looks handsome, but he is not easy to get along with." There have been various interpretations of this saying. Some say that Zeng Zi belittled Zizhang, but he has not yet achieved benevolence;First of all, it is impossible to belittle anyone with Zeng Zi's personality; secondly, it is difficult for others to admire Zi Zhang's personality.Therefore, Zengzi's words were not intended to belittle Zizhang, nor to exalt Zizhang, but to say that he was not easy to get along with. Zeng Shen and Zizhang are also brothers of the same age. There is no conflict between Zeng Shen and Zizhang, although there is no friendship between them.This sentence should be Zeng Zi's answer when a disciple asked Zi Zhang what kind of person he was.At this time, Zizhang had already gone back to Chen Guorun School. Ziyou said that Zizhang was not good, Zeng Shen also said that Zizhang was not good, Zixia needless to say, did not get along with Zizhang at all.It can be seen from this that Zi Zhang is really difficult to get along with. People should not be too pedantic and stubborn, otherwise even if they have noble morals, people can only stay away from them.What's more, who is more virtuous than whom? His son Zhang Xueqianlu.The Master said: "If you hear a lot of doubts, but be careful about what you say, you will be few; if you see many things, but be careful about what you do, you will have few regrets. If you speak few words, and do few regrets, you will be rewarded." Zi Zhang wants to learn the knowledge of being an official.Confucius said: "Listen more, put aside what you have doubts about first, and speak out the rest with confidence, so that you can less offend others; read more, put aside what you have doubts about first." If you don’t do it, if you are sure of it, you should do it carefully, and you will be able to reduce regrets. Talk less and complain, and do things less regret, and the official salary is here.” Lu means salary.Qianlu means being an official.The meaning of the whole paragraph is very clear, nothing needs to be added.Zizhang is a stubborn person who likes to be stubborn, doesn't know how to be flexible, and doesn't know how to take a detour when he encounters a place that doesn't work, so Confucius told Zizhang to let him go when he encountered a place he didn't understand, and to take a detour when he didn't know how to go. Shortcomings.In addition, Zi Zhang likes to grab other people's pigtails and chatter endlessly, so Confucius told him to talk less and not to offend others.Especially, the meaning of offending people. In the whole passage, Confucius is actually talking about how to keep his official position, not how to make progress and achieve something.This shows that Confucius was not very optimistic about Zizhang's official career, and worried that his character might not last long. Talk less and complain less, do things less regret, and the official salary is here. Zizhang asked: "Can we know it for ten generations?" The Master said: "The profit and loss of Yin due to Xia Li and Xia Li can be known. .” Zizhang asked Confucius: "Can the etiquette system (the etiquette system) of the next ten generations be known in advance?" Confucius replied: "The Shang Dynasty inherited the etiquette system of the Xia Dynasty, and what was reduced and increased can be known; Inheriting the etiquette system of the Shang Dynasty, what was abolished and what was added can also be known. In the future, there will be successors from the Zhou Dynasty, even after a hundred generations, the situation can also be known in advance.” Confucius meant that the ritual system will not change much. The descendants always inherit the things of the previous generations. Even if the previous generations are overthrown by the later generations, the later generations will inherit the reasonable things of the previous generations.In fact, what Confucius said was right. For thousands of years, the essence of Chinese culture has not changed much. Confucius certainly never thought of the concept of globalization, nor did he think that there is another word called change. Zi Zhang asked: "Ling Yin Ziwen's three officials are Ling Yin, and there is no joy; the three have no displeasure. The old Ling Yin's politics must be reported to the new Ling Yin. How is it?" The son said: "Loyal." Said: "Benevolence What?" The Master said: "I don't know; how can I be benevolent?" "Cui Zi killed Qi Jun, and Chen Wenzi had ten horses, so he abandoned them and violated them. .'Violating it, one of the states, said again: 'I still have my doctor, Cui Zi.' Violating it. How is it?" The son said: "Clear." Said: "Is it benevolent?" Said: "Unknown;— —How can you be kind?” Zizhang asked Confucius: "Ling Yin Ziwen has been the prime minister of Chu several times, but he didn't show any joy, and he was dismissed several times, but he didn't show any resentment. (Every time he was dismissed) he must put all his political affairs Tell all to the new prime minister who will take over. What do you think of this man?" Confucius said: "It can be regarded as loyal." Zi Zhang asked: "Is it considered benevolent?" Confucius said: "I don't know. How can this be Is this considered benevolence?" (Zi Zhang asked again:) "Cui Zhu killed his lord, Duke Zhuang of Qi. Chen Wenzi's family had forty horses, but they all gave up. They left Qi and went to another country. He said: , the ruler here is also similar to our doctor Cui Zi in Qi, and he left. When he arrived in another country, he said that the ruler here was also similar to our doctor Cui Zi, and left again. What do you think of this person? So?" Confucius said, "It can be regarded as pure and noble." Zizhang said, "Can it be called benevolence?" Confucius said, "I don't know. How can this be called benevolence?" What is benevolence?Benevolence is to make use of strengths and avoid weaknesses, and to help others on the premise of protecting oneself.The above two people can't protect themselves well, how can they be called benevolent?This is the view of Confucius, his view in the later period, and I am afraid it was not the case in the early days.What Confucius said to Zizhang was actually to remind Zizhang that in the future, no matter whether he is an official or a human being, he must first protect himself, and don’t be foolish enough to only think of being worthy of others, but sorry for himself. In fact, Confucius himself did not do well on this point, so he was not able to sit down in the position of the chief commander of the State of Lu.It is precisely because of the lessons learned that I have a particularly deep understanding and always remind my students. This sentence expresses the same meaning as 19.15 "Ziyou said: 'My friend Zhang Ye, it's hard to do, but Weiren'" expresses the same meaning. Compared with loyalty and aloofness, benevolence is more important.Protecting yourself is the first priority compared to helping others.How can I help others when I can't even protect myself?How can I help others when I can't even eat enough for myself?If you don't even have enough to eat for your own children, but go to help others, that's not a noble character, it's abnormal. Zi Zhang asked about the way of good people.The Master said: "If you don't follow the traces, you won't enter the house." Zizhang asked how to get along with others, Confucius said: "Don't dwell on the past, and don't dig deep into other people's privacy." For this passage, there are two previous interpretations, and the two interpretations are exactly the opposite.The first is: Zizhang asked how to be a good person.Confucius said: "If you don't follow in the footsteps of your predecessors, your knowledge and self-cultivation will not be perfect." The second is: Zizhang asked how to be a good person.Confucius said: "Don't follow the old track, and create something, but you haven't entered the room of the sage yet." Both of these explanations are wrong, far-fetched, unclear, and logically chaotic, and they are not even up to the level of the literal meaning. The way of being kind, kindness is a verb, and kindness means being kind to others, that is, being kind to others.Zizhang is a dead-headed person, stubborn and stubborn, loves to catch small braids, and always fixes on other people's shortcomings, so he doesn't get along very well with others, and everyone respects him at a distance.Zizhang was a little confused and came to ask this question.Don't follow the traces, that is, don't hold on to the past; don't enter the house, that is, don't go to the bottom of what you shouldn't know, just like don't go to other people's bedroom. In the past, because "entering the hall and entering the room" was misinterpreted as describing learning, so the "entering the room" here was taken for granted as talking about learning.This is the disadvantage of spreading falsehoods.If you make a mistake at the beginning, you will make mistakes later on. In fact, students ask questions for a purpose, and only such questions can be recorded.Confucius' answers were all aimed at the shortcomings of the students, rather than talking in general terms.Therefore, when a sentence is not easy to understand, it is necessary to analyze it from the background of the dialogue and the character of the characters. Confucius also taught students very inspiring teachings on making friends. He said before that to make friends, you need to make friends with others, but now he says that you should keep a distance when you get along with others.If you can do these two points, a person can make a lot of good friends. Zi Zhang asked Ming.The Master said: "The sting of infiltration and the complaints of the skin are not enough. It can be said that it is already clear. The sulking of infiltration and the sting of the skin are not good. It can be said that it is far away." Zizhang asked what to do to be discerning.Confucius said: "The bad words that soak slowly like water, and the slander that hurts like a skin pain, will not work in your place, so you can be regarded as discerning. The bad words that soak slowly like water, are like pain to the skin Such a violent slander will not work in your place, so you can be regarded as far-sighted." As for the whole part, Zi Zhang was the one who asked about it.Why is there such a problem?Because the relationship between Zizhang and everyone is not good, I always feel that this one has this problem and that one has that problem, but in fact no one has any problems.So Zizhang was confused and distressed, not knowing how to truly understand his classmates.So, let's ask Confucius. What Confucius meant was to tell Zizhang that it is inevitable that students often discuss each other behind the scenes, and this kind of discussion is mostly not a good thing. You should not listen to the wind and rain, but believe it and firmly believe it. Draw conclusions easily. It is impossible for a person in a group to have a conflict of interest with the majority.Therefore, when his relationship with most people is not harmonious, it means that there is a problem with his judgment, and it means that his cognition of others is too hasty. Zi Zhang asked Chongde to dispel doubts.The Master said: "The Lord is loyal and trustworthy, and he respects virtue. Those who love want to live, and those who hate want to die. Desiring both life and death is confusing." .'" Zi Zhang asked how to improve the level of moral cultivation and the ability to distinguish between right and wrong.Confucius said: "Based on loyalty and trustworthiness, making one's thoughts conform to righteousness, this is to improve the level of moral cultivation. If you love a person, you hope that he will live a long life; if you hate him, you can't wait for him to die immediately. Want him to die again, this is delusion. (As the "Poetry" said:) 'Even if you don't dislike the poor and love the rich, you still like the new and dislike the old.'” Regarding Chongde, Confucius lightly explained it with big words, because this is not the point, the point is to distinguish confusion.Zizhang first asked for clarification, and then asked to clarify doubts. It can be seen that he was indeed a little confused, and he was a little confused about east, west, north, south.Confucius told him, saying that you are too obsessed with the dead end, thinking that when a person is good, everything is good, and farting is also good. I wish he could live a long life; but one day he suddenly found out that this person has some shortcomings. Suddenly I don't like him, and I feel that he has no merits, and I want to curse him to death.Can you not be confused by this?Yesterday I affirmed everything, but today I completely denied it. Doesn't that mean I deny myself and slap myself?Therefore, when looking at a person, we should divide it into two parts. Everyone has advantages and disadvantages. We should pay attention to his advantages and avoid his disadvantages.That way, you won't be confused. Our habitual thinking is very similar to that of Zi Zhang, who judges a person according to the standard of "good guy" and "bad guy".Good people are good at everything, and bad people are bad at everything.But the reality is not like this, so we are often confused.Everything must be objective and divided into two, so that you will not shoot yourself in the foot, and you will not confuse yourself and confuse others. Zizhang asked Confucius, "How can you be in politics?" Zizhang said: "Respect the five beauties and reject the four evils, so you can be in politics." Zizhang said: "What are the five beauties?" Expenses, labor without complaint, desire without greed, prosperity without arrogance, power without fierceness." Zi Zhang said, "What do you mean by benefit without waste?" Beneficial but not wasteful? Choose what can be worked and work hard, who will complain? Desire benevolence and get benevolence, how can you be greedy? A gentleman has no crowds, no small or big, no dare to be slow, so this is not also peaceful and not arrogant? A gentleman? Correct their clothes and hats, respect their gaze, as if people look at and fear them, isn't it also majestic but not fierce?" Zi Zhang said: "What are the four evils?" Zi Zhang said: "Killing without teaching is called abuse, and not giving up Treating it as a crime is called violence; delaying orders and delays is called a thief; just like dealing with others, the stinginess of a cashier is called a boss." Zizhang asked Confucius, "How can government affairs be governed?" Confucius said, "Respect the five virtues and eliminate the four evil ones, so that you can govern the affairs of state." Zi Zhang asked: "What are the five virtues?" Confucius said: "A gentleman should benefit the people without spending himself; make the people work without resentment; Not ferocious." Zizhang said: "How do you let the people benefit without spending it yourself?" Confucius said: "Let the people do what is beneficial to them. Isn't this just letting the people benefit without spending their own pockets! The choice is fine. Let the people do their work and do their work, who would be resentful? If you seek benevolence yourself, what else is there to be greedy for? A gentleman treats people no matter how many or how powerful they are, he never neglects them. Isn’t this dignified without arrogance? A gentleman is neatly dressed and does not look sideways, making people feel awed when he sees him. Isn’t this majestic but not fierce?” Zizhang asked, "What are the four kinds of bad government?" Confucius said, "Killing without enlightenment is called abuse; not making demands and only getting results is called violence; failing to supervise and exceeding the deadline is called thief, and delaying what should be given to others. Deduction, called the government." The "not also" in this sentence means "not exactly" and "not exactly", expressing emphasis. This passage is very long, with five virtues and four evils. Judging from the content, it is quite rich. If it is not explained, it will really be foggy. In the past, when talking about governing political affairs, Confucius basically talked about etiquette.But this paragraph is not about etiquette, what are you talking about?Teach the law, talk about the skills of governing the country.This set of Confucius is not new, it is the theory of Guanzi.Therefore, during this period of time, Confucius must have studied the theory of Guanzi, and then he was very impressed, so he told it to his students. Let me talk about the five virtues first, "benefiting the people because they benefit them". The construction of water conservancy and road construction are typical examples. People are willing to do things that benefit the country and the people, and they bring their own dry food. On the contrary, they build offices and hunting grounds . "Choose what you can do and work hard." After the autumn harvest, everyone is relatively free, and there will be no complaints about working at this time. If there are more work points to earn, everyone will sing praises. "If you want benevolence, you will gain benevolence", which means that your goal is to serve the welfare of the common people. If the common people are happy, you will be happy, and of course you will not be greedy.The other two are simple, so I won’t talk about them. Let's talk about the four evils, "killing without teaching is called abuse", that is, there is no law or no law is publicized, and people kill people according to their own wishes; If people do it, they will be punished if they fail to do so; "slow orders are called thieves", if you fail to supervise and manage well, and your negligence leads to exceeding the deadline, the common people should be held accountable; It's called a department." You delay and deduct the wages that should be paid to others, just like the government.There is a division, that is, the government. The concepts of abuse, violence, and thieves have been around for a long time, and they are not considered to be the invention of Confucius, but it is Confucius who started to call the behavior of delaying wages and deducting wages as government.Judging from the later history, what Confucius said is very correct. The government is often more unreasonable, greedy, and ruthless than robbers.There is no mercy when it comes to collecting taxes, fees, and fines, but when it comes time to give money to the people, you can delay as long as you can, and rely on it if you can. Compared with various standards that are far-fetched, the common people are more concerned about "respecting the five beauties and eliminating the four evils".If the five virtues and four evils are taken as the standard, the society will not be far from a harmonious society. Zi Zhang asked about politics.The Master said: "Live tirelessly, act with loyalty." Zi Zhang asked how to govern the government.Confucius said: "When you are in an official position, you must not slack off, and you must be faithful in executing the emperor's orders." Confucius' answer was somewhat random, and it seemed reasonable, but in fact it lacked pertinence, which was not Confucius' customary practice.Therefore, at this time Confucius already disliked Zizhang a little, or thought that a person like him could not be an official at all.Think about it, Zizhang's character is not liked by his classmates, who would speak well of him in front of the teacher?And Confucius' persuasion to him had no effect, and it was normal for Confucius to dislike him more and more. In fact, Zi Zhang never served as an official in his life. Nowadays, there is a saying: there are policies above, and countermeasures below. Zizhang asked: "How can a scholar be said to be a master?" The Master said: "Why, what do you call a master?" Zizhang said to him: "You must hear it when you are in the state, and you must hear it when you are at home." The Master said: "It is also heard. , not up to the mark. Those who are up to the point of view are straightforward and fond of righteousness. They observe the words and look at the color, and they are concerned about the following people. They must be up to the state, and they must be up to the family. Those who have heard about it are those who are benevolent and act against them. Suspicion. You must hear it in the state, and you must hear it at home." Zi Zhang asked: "How can a scholar be called a noble?" Confucius said: "What? What do you mean by Xian Da?" Zi Zhang replied: "To be a high official in a country must be famous, and to be a servant of a high official must also be famous. "Confucius said: "It's nothing more than fame, not magnanimity. The so-called magnanimity means being upright, obeying etiquette, being good at reading other people's words, observing other people's faces, and always thinking of treating others with humility. Such a person, You can make a name for yourself in the imperial court and in the fiefdoms of high officials. As for famous people, they only pretend to be benevolent on the outside, but they violate benevolence in their actions. There is no doubt that they still regard themselves as benevolent. It will also be famous in the imperial court and in the fiefdoms of Doctor Qing." Confucius raised a rhetorical question to the student's question. Has this ever happened in China?Never had.Obviously, Confucius' rhetorical question shows that Confucius is dissatisfied or impatient with this question.Zizhang's answer was severely reprimanded by Confucius, saying that the kind of Da you mentioned is not Da at all, but Wen, and the kind of person you want to be is just a hypocrite.What Zizhang said was Da is also his goal, so Confucius' answer is almost equivalent to saying "you are a hypocrite". Why was Confucius so dissatisfied with Zizhang?Something must have happened. According to Confucius' definition, people who are well-known are not necessarily good people, or almost not good people. Observe words and colors, this idiom comes from here. Celebrity, celebrity, expert, the three names have different definitions.The three famous people in Shanghai, Huang Jinrong, Zhang Xiaolin, and Du Yuesheng, obviously didn't learn it.Now we don't talk about famous people, only celebrities and experts.However, media reporters like to call themselves "journalists", have they not learned well? Zi Zhang said: "The book says: 'Gao Zong forgives the Yin, and he will not speak for three years.' What does it mean?" Zi said: "Why do you need Gao Zong? The ancients are like this. You are the king, and all officials have listened to the tomb for three years. " Zi Zhang said: "The "Shang Shu" said, 'Gao Zong is in mourning, and he will not talk about political affairs for three years.' What does this mean?" Confucius said: "Why must it be Gao Zong? The ancients are like this. When the king dies, the court All the officials are in charge of their own duties, and they have been under the command of Tomb Zai for three years." It stands to reason that Confucius should be happy that Zizhang raised such a question, but Confucius' attitude was a bit contemptuous, as if telling Zizhang that this was not considered knowledge at all, that the ancients were like this, so don't make a fuss. In ancient times, three years of mourning, the death of parents, and three years of guarding the tomb, and the inability to eat, drink, and play well is basically like filing for bankruptcy abroad.Zhongzai was the prime minister at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, which means that when the monarch guards the tomb, he is the boss, so he is called Zhongzai. Future generations will not do this. If you don't give orders for three years, you will have no chance to come back from the cemetery. Zi Zhang asked.The Master said: "If you speak faithfully and act with respect, even if you are a barbaric country, you will do it. If you are not faithful in your words and do not act with respect, will you do it even if you are in the state? If you set it up, you will see it before, and if you see it in public opinion It depends on the balance, and the husband will do it later." Zi Zhang wrote to the gentry. Zi Zhang asked the reason for traveling.Confucius said: "You must be faithful in your words and respectful in your actions. You can go even to barbaric areas. If you are not faithful in your words and respectful in your actions, you are in your own hometown. Is there anyone who welcomes you? Standing, it seems to be seeing the faithful and respectful people. A few words appear in front of you; riding a car, it is like seeing these words engraved on the crossbar in front of the car shaft. Do this, and then go out." Zi Zhang wrote these words on the big belt around his waist. Confucius' words still directly aimed at Zizhang's shortcomings, but at this time Confucius thought that Zizhang's shortcomings were already serious. He was not faithful in his words and not respectful in his deeds. In fact, these words were all about Zizhang, saying that you did not correct these shortcomings. , not welcome anywhere.Zizhang didn't know whether he was really stupid or not, but pretended to be stupid. In short, he pretended that he didn't know he was talking about himself, and respectfully wrote this passage on his belt. I don't know whether Confucius was moved or thought it was funny. When going out, firstly, don't reveal your wealth, and secondly, don't be greedy for money.Be careful, don't go out of your way and don't cheat, because you don't know how deep the water is.There is no way for misfortune or good fortune, only people call themselves.If you have no intention of harming others, others will not easily harm you. Zizhang said: "When a scholar sees danger and death, he thinks about righteousness when he sees it. When he sacrifices, he thinks about respect. When he mourns, he mourns. That's all." Zizhang said: "When a scholar is in danger, he can sacrifice his life; when he sees a benefit, he can consider whether he is righteous; when he sacrifices, he can think about whether he is solemn and respectful; when he is in mourning, he can think about whether he is sad. " Zizhang's character is very suitable for talking about these principles.Basically, we can understand these words as the sayings of Confucius, which Zizhang kept in mind.Zizhang praised himself by saying this. Go up when you see danger, and hide when you see benefit.Those who say this, if they are not living Lei Feng, must be hypocrites. Zi Zhang said: "If you don't practice virtue and don't believe in faith, how can you achieve existence or perish?" Zi Zhang said: "Practice virtue but fail to develop it, believe in the way but not be faithful and firm, how can (such a person) be said to have virtue and way, and how can he be without virtue and way?" There have always been various interpretations of this passage, and everyone is different, and there are all kinds of explanations.However, if you pay attention to the position of this passage in the middle, you can find that this passage is to attack Zixia, saying that Zixia does not work hard to promote morality and Taoism. The direction is not moral and Tao. Here we try to restore the scene. Someone came to ask Zizhang: "How is Zixia's virtue?"How is Tao? Zizhang really didn't want to praise Zixia, but he didn't like to speak ill of Zixia publicly, so he said the above, which means that if you say he doesn't have it, he still has something; if you say he has it, he won't promote it. to persist.I don't know if there is any.After all, he was actually talking bad things about Zixia. Things like "Tao and Morality" are very empty. If you say there is, there is, if you say there is no, there is no; if you say more, you have more, and if you say less, you have less.The question is, is this kind of nothingness something to pursue?No, it is used to achieve.Is it for talking?No, it was made.For example, if you sponsor a child who is out of school, you have not pursued virtue, but you have already accumulated virtue.