How should I read it? There have been hundreds of thousands of versions of the interpretation in history, but the interpretations are nothing more than the four characters of "Shuowen Jiezi". Of course, it is a classic. Classical works mean that although what is shown in it is a specific era, the truth is applicable to all eras, especially modern times.Many people spit out lotus flowers, and they will talk about it.Take a closer look, but it's just rambling and far-fetched.For example, a flower, how beautiful he (she) can explain it; but give him (her) a piece of cow dung, he (she) can also explain it equally beautifully.That is to say, his (her) explanation has nothing to do with it.

In terms of form, it is a collection of quotations from "Weibo".It seems that the chapters and sentences are messy and have no connection.However, if you understand the background of each passage, you also know the true meaning of each passage. Therefore, reading without understanding the history of the Spring and Autumn Period, the life experience of Confucius, the character of Confucius and his disciples, and the subtle relationship between them can only be interpreted.In the end, it's just nonsense, which is a thousand miles away.For example, "Do not follow the traces, nor enter the house", "The wish of the country is the thief of virtue", etc., have all been explained in a vague and incomprehensible manner, and there are too many similar examples.

If you really understand it, you will find that what is said is simply the real society, and how many truths in it are really reflected around us. Give a simple and direct example. Who wrote it?It is recognized as Zeng Shen's disciple.Although the whole book is messy, the knowledge is in the chaos. In the novel, the order of appearance of the characters is very particular, and of course the higher the front, the more important.The first one to appear is undoubtedly Confucius, followed by You Ruo, Zeng Shen, Zi Xia and Zi Gong, and the first is only the quotations of the five of them.See what's coming?You Ruo, the then principal of the Confucius School; Zeng Shen, the then academic director and doctoral supervisor of the Confucius School; Zixia, the principal of the party school of Wei State, the most powerful country in the world at that time; business.See the keywords attached to them? "County officials", "current management", power, money.Is this any different from today's society?Yes, in a different order.However, the content is the same.For example, at the Spring Festival Gala, those who sat in the front row were all these four keywords.

What exactly is the connotation?What have we learned for thousands of years?Some people speak eloquently on TV, but what do we remember? The two most important and most used concepts in the world, one is "benevolence" and the other is "morality".So, what is "benevolence" and what is "virtue"?For more than 2,000 years, no one has explained these two words. We have been fooled, and ordinary people have been fooled by these two concepts that are plausible, omnipotent, and ubiquitous. However, in the book, the concepts of "benevolence" and "virtue" are clear, tangible, and realistic.

What is benevolence?Confucius gave several answers in the book, and each questioner got a different answer.However, when you raise all the answers and merge them together, you will find that "benevolence" is the skill of interpersonal relationship, in other words, it is what is often called "emotional intelligence".Of course, after Confucius became demented in his later years, "benevolence" was mystified and blurred, which is a later story. Emotional intelligence, teaching you to improve emotional intelligence, is it very practical and realistic?In human society, emotional intelligence is always important.

What is "Germany"?Mr. Li Ling's definition is very good, "morality" is self-discipline.So, what is "virtuous government"? Virtuous government is the government of self-discipline, that is, the ruler restrains his own selfish desires and does not torment the common people.We often talk about "ruling the country with morality" now. Many people think that morality is used to educate the common people, but it is not. "Governing the country with morality" means that the leadership takes the lead in setting an example, and the common people will naturally follow suit.For example, if the mayor calls on citizens to take public transportation, if he takes the subway to and from get off work, this is called ruling the country by virtue;

Why did Confucius tirelessly talk about "morality" and "benevolence"?Because the rulers at that time were immoral, and also because interpersonal relationships were very important. In the book itself, it shows everyone that the interpersonal relationship between Confucius and his disciples, and between disciples, is also intricate and intriguing, no different from modern times. For example, the process from struggle between Confucius and Zigong to close master-student relationship, the process from closeness to alienation between Confucius and Zizhang, the process from appreciation to loathing of Zaiwo by Confucius, and the various relationships among disciples , such as the mutual attacks between Zixia and Zizhang Ziyou, for example, Zizhang always has a bad relationship with his brothers and so on.

Confucius told us many principles of life, that is, the principles of dealing with interpersonal relationships.We should not only learn knowledge from Confucius' words, but also see experience and lessons from everyone.Why Zigong is popular everywhere, why Ran You was so successful as an official, why Zixia created a new academic era, why Yan Hui died miserably, why Zizhang had no friends, etc. Zhao Pu once said that "half the department governs the world", this sentence can be understood as nonsense.However, if you learn well, you can be a person who adapts to society. Was Confucius a sage?Whatever, it doesn't matter.Mr. Li Ling said that Confucius was a "sorrowful dog", which is also true, and the old master himself said so.

Are all valuable things?In other words, are all Confucius’ words correct?impossible.Always right is never right. The order of is confusing, and this confusion is likely to be deliberate.Mr. Li Ling once had the idea of ​​reordering, but unfortunately he gave up.Now, the author has re-photographed the order of the chapters according to clues such as time, characters, and concepts, so that we can clearly see the changing process of Confucius' thoughts, the changes of personal destiny, and the connotation of concepts. Variety.Therefore, it is easy to distinguish which words of Confucius are the essence and which words are rubbish.

Is Confucius a Confucian?Yes.But it's not just Confucianism.Confucius was a Confucianist at the beginning and worshiped the Duke of Zhou. Later, he became a Confucianist-Legalist. He admired the Legalists like Guan Zhongzichan very much. In the end, Confucius became a Taoist, and Laozi was his idol.Therefore, Confucius first talked about the rituals of Zhou, then he talked about benevolence and virtue, and in his later years he talked about the mandate of heaven. Confucius was very wise, realistic and flexible.Most of Confucius' speeches are full of wisdom and very valuable.However, the laws of nature are irresistible. In his later years, Confucius had obvious symptoms of dementia, narrow-mindedness, paranoia and suspicion. At this time, he liked to curse and complain, so his remarks at this time were basically worthless.

1.According to time, characters and conceptual clues, the original text is rearranged and divided into twenty articles. 2.The beginning of each article is a summary of the content of this article. 3.Each chapter is divided into four parts, namely the original text, translation, analysis and realistic explanation.During the analysis, the "on-site restoration" method will be used to put the original words back into the background for restoration. 4.Each chapter has two sorting codes, the sorting outside the brackets is according to the book, and the sorting inside the brackets is the original sorting.This approach is for the convenience of readers to check and compare. 5.After sorting the codes, add stars according to the degree of difference from the old translation.If it is exactly the same as the old translation, no star will be added; if there is a slight difference, it will receive one star★; Benevolence is the most important concept in Confucian thought, and it is also the most quoted concept later.But what is benevolence?There has never been a precise statement, and it has long been a vague concept.It is precisely because of the ambiguity that the explainer can play and explain at will.In all previous interpretations, where "benevolence" was mentioned, they were directly translated into "benevolence" or "benevolence", "benevolence and righteousness", and they were all muddled. Therefore, to learn, you must first understand the word "benevolence". From the literal point of view, benevolence follows others, from two.It means that two people are together, and two people are willing to walk together, indicating that they both have close requirements for each other, otherwise they will not walk together.Therefore, the original meaning: two people are close and friendly. According to "Shuowen": benevolence, love.According to "Book of Rites · Jing Jie": blind date between upper and lower is called benevolence. What is Confucius' "benevolence"?Confucius talked about the way of life, so "benevolence" is a method, what method?The way people get along with each other. Therefore, we give two definitions of "benevolence": good interpersonal relationship; high emotional intelligence. The meaning of both definitions is the same. Because this is an interpersonal relationship, in most cases it is an equal relationship, because Confucius said more about "benevolence" to his disciples.Whether it is the disciples "asking benevolence" or Confucius "discussing benevolence", most of the talks are about the skills of dealing with interpersonal relationships. Virtue is another most important concept in Confucianism.For this concept, there have always been various explanations, but they are all muddled, vague, and vague. To learn, you must first understand what virtue is. According to "Shuowen": Virtue, promotion also.This explanation basically makes no sense. For the definition of "virtue", Mr. Li Ling gave it quite accurately in "The Lost Dog".Virtue: self-discipline. Confucius talked about morality, not mainly to the students, but to the rulers, why?Because rulers most need self-discipline. Only after clarifying the definition of morality can we further understand what is moral government and what is governing a country by virtue. Virtuous government is the government of self-discipline, that is, the ruler restrains his own selfish desires and does not torment the common people.What are the characteristics of virtue?It means respecting human nature and respecting all living beings.To govern the country by virtue means to ask the people to do what they want to do first.Simply put, rulers lead by example.