Chapter 16 Book of Rites

The "Book of Rites" was recorded by scholars after the Seventies, and it is a series of Confucian words in the Warring States Period, Qin Dynasty, and Han Dynasty, which was compiled and taught by Confucianists Dai De and Dai Sheng in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty.Today there are forty-nine chapters annotated by Zheng Kangcheng of the Eastern Han Dynasty, called "Book of Rites", which is actually "Xiao Dai Ji", and thirty-nine chapters annotated by Lu Bian of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, called "Book of Rites of Da Dai". There are eighty-five chapters in the book of "Da Dai Li Ji", but forty-six of them are lost, and that's all there are left.

The name of the two records was established after the Eastern Han Dynasty. "Hanshu Yiwenzhi Lijia" is recorded according to "Qilue", but it says: ""Ji" one hundred and thirty one." Ban Gu notes: "Recorded by scholars after the Seventies." To "Sui Shu Jingji "Zhi" said: "In the early Han Dynasty, Hejian Xian Wang De Zhongni's disciples recorded 131 chapters. When I went to Liu Xiang's school classics, I found 130 chapters, and I narrated them according to the first chapter. I also got "Mingtang Yinyang"... There are five kinds of them, totaling 214 chapters. Dai De deleted the heavy ones, and combined them into 85 chapters, which are called "Da Dai Li". Dai Sheng also deleted the book of "Da Dai" and made it 46 This article is called "Xiao Dai Ji". There are eighty-five chapters, which are called "Da Dai Li". The holy deleted "Da Dai Li" is forty-nine, which is "Xiao Dai Li". Four chapters are made into two hundred and four chapters, and the forty-nine chapters of "Xiao Dai Ji" are made into forty-six chapters.) The problem of the division and combination of the two records is quite complicated.Let's list its list first, and then verify it.

Kong Yingda's "Book of Rites and Justice" has a paragraph under each chapter "Catalogue of Zheng Zheng said...", which covers the explanations of each chapter written by Zheng Kangcheng.Every piece of Zheng Lu has the phrase "this belongs to so-and-so in "Bie Lu", which is because Liu Xiang originally classified it and Zheng cited it.This excerpt from his text is as follows: Quli is the first and second. Tan Gong is the third and fourth. The fifth king system (Zheng Catalog said: "The king system is called the king system, which records the laws of the former king's banjue, granting salary, offering sacrifices, and providing for the elderly. This is a system in "Bie Lu.")

The sixth month order (Zheng Catalog said: "The name is Yueling, which records the actions of the December government. The first chapter of this "Lu Shi Chunqiu·December Ji" is also written by the good deeds of the family of rites. ...This belongs to the Mingtang in "Bie Lu.") Zeng Ziwen is the seventh (Zheng Catalog said: "The person named Zeng Ziwen, because his record of questions is very clear in etiquette, so he wrote his name to show it... This is a mourning dress in "Bie Lu").") The eighth son of King Wen (Zheng Catalog said: "The method of recording the time when King Wen was the son of the son. This is the law of the son of the son in "Bie Lu.")

Liyun Ninth (Zheng Catalog said: "The one named Liyun records the way of five emperors and three kings changing phases and yin and yang revolving. This is a general theory in "Bielu.") Ritual Vessels Tenth (Zheng Catalog says: "Those who are called ritual vessels, use the meaning of recording rites to make people into utensils. This is a system in "Bie Lu.") The eleventh special sacrifice in the suburbs (Zheng Catalog said: "...this is a sacrificial ceremony in "Bie Lu.") Nei Ze is the twelfth (Zheng catalog says: "The one called Nei Ze is used to record the law of men and women's living room serving parents and uncles. This is a sub-law in "Bie Lu.")

Yuzao No. 13 (Zheng Catalog said: "The name of Yuzao is used to record the emperor's obedience... This is a general theory in "Bielu.") The fourteenth seat of Mingtang (Zheng Catalogue says: "The one named Mingtang is used to record the position displayed by Duke Zhou of the feudal dynasties when he was in Mingtang... This belongs to the Yin and Yang of Mingtang in "Bie Lu.") Notes on Mourning Clothes Fifteenth (Zheng Catalog said: "It's called a little reporter on mourning clothes, and it records the meaning of mourning clothes. This belongs to mourning clothes in "Bie Lu.")

The sixteenth chapter of the Great Biography (Zheng Catalog said: "The one called the Great Biography is used to record the righteousness of the ancestors and relatives. This is a general theory in "Bie Lu.") Shaoyi No. 17 (Zheng Catalog said: "The name of Shaoyi is because it records meeting and recommends shame. Shaowei is also small. This is a system in "Bie Lu").") Xueji No. 18 (Zheng catalog said: "It is called a scholar reporter, with the meaning of recording people and learning teaching. This is a general theory in "Bielu.") Music Record No. 19 (Zheng Catalog said: "The name is called Le Reporter, because it means to record music. This belongs to Music Record in "Bie Lu.")

Miscellaneous Notes Up and Down 21st and 21st (Zheng Catalog said: "The name is Miscellaneous Reporter, and it is used to record the funerals of princes and scholars. This is a mourning dress in "Bie Lu.") The twenty-second record of the funeral (Zheng Catalog said: "It is called the funeral reporter, and it records the funerals of Xiaolian and Dalian who died below the emperor. This is a mourning dress in "Bielu.") The twenty-third original que of mourning clothes. The twenty-fourth of sacrificial righteousness (Zheng catalog said: "The one called sacrificial righteousness is used to record the righteousness of sacrificial rites, fasting, and shame. This is a sacrificial offering in "Bielu.")

The twenty-fifth of the sacrificial system (Zheng Catalog said: "The name is called the sacrificial system, and it is used to record the book of the sacrifice; the system is also the book. This is a sacrificial ceremony in "Bie Lu.") Jingjie twenty-sixth (Zheng Catalog said: "The name is called Jingjie, and it records the gains and losses of the six righteousnesses, politics and religion. This is a general theory in "Bielu.") Ai Gong asked the twenty-seventh (Zheng Catalog said: "The one who is called Ai Gong asked is good at asking etiquette, and his posthumous title is also prominent. This is a general theory in "Bie Lu.")

The twenty-eighth of Zhongni's Yanju (Zheng Catalog said: "The one named Zhongni's Yanju is good at his tireless Yanju, and he still makes his three sons serve him, and he talks about etiquette. Writing his words, saying things can be done; retreating from the court And the place is called Yanju. This is a general theory in "Bie Lu.") The twenty-ninth time of Confucius's idle residence (Zheng Catalog said: "The man named Confucius' idle residence is good at being tireless and not obscene, and he still has a disciple serve him and write poems for him. He wrote about his family, and his words can be legal; he retired from Yan and avoided others. It is called dwelling in leisure. This is a general theory in "Bie Lu.")

Fang Ji Thirty (Zheng Catalog said: "The name is called Fang reporter, because it records the meaning of the six arts, so it is also the loser of Fang people. This is a general theory in "Bie Lu.") The Thirty-first of the Doctrine of the Mean (Zheng Catalog said: "The one called the Doctrine of the Mean is used to neutralize it in its records... This is a general theory in "Bie Lu.") Table No. 32 (Zheng Catalog said: "The name is called a table reporter, and the virtue of a gentleman can be seen in his appearance. This is a general theory in "Bie Lu.") Ziyi Thirty-Third (Zheng Catalog said: "The one who is called Ziyi is a good person who is good at it... This is a general theory in "Bielu.") The thirty-fourth funeral (Zheng Catalogue says: "The name is called asking about the mourning. It is the ritual of returning home after hearing the funeral in other countries. This is the ritual of mourning in "Bie Lu.") Asking about the funeral thirty-fifth (Zheng Catalog said: "The name of the mourner is because he is good at asking about the etiquette of the funeral. This is also a mourning dress in "Bie Lu.") Fu Wen thirty-sixth (Zheng Catalog said: "The name is Fu Wen, because he is good at asking questions to know how to wear clothes, and he is traded by the funeral. This is also a mourning dress in "Bie Lu.") Jianzhuan thirty-seventh (Zheng Catalog said: "The name is Jianzhuan, because it is appropriate to record the severity of mourning clothes. This belongs to mourning clothes in "Bie Lu.") Three-year question thirty-eighth (Zheng Catalog said: "Those who are called three-year question, ask well to know the reason for the year and month of mourning. This is a mourning dress in "Bie Lu.") Shenyi thirty-ninth (Zheng Catalog said: "The name of Shenyi is used to record the system of Shenyi... This is a system in "Bielu").") The 40th throwing pot (Zheng Catalog said: "The name is called the throwing pot, and it is used to record the ceremony of the host and the guest Yan drinking and talking about talents. This is an auspicious ceremony in "Bie Lu.") Confucianism No. 41 (Zheng Catalog said: "The name of Confucianism practitioners is based on the records of the actions of moral people... This is a general theory in "Bielu.") University Forty-Second (Zheng Catalog said: "A person who is called a university can use his records to be erudite for politics... This is a general theory in "Bielu.") The forty-third of Guanyi (Zheng Catalog said: "The name of Guanyi is to record the righteousness of Guanli adulthood. This is an auspicious event in "Bielu.") The forty-fourth of Yiyi (Zheng Catalog said: "The name of Yiyi is because it records the righteousness of marrying a wife and the origin of internal teaching. This is an auspicious thing in "Bielu.") The forty-fifth of the rural drinking righteousness (Zheng Catalog said: "The name of the rural drinking righteousness is to record the etiquette of the township officials drinking guests in Xiangxiang, and the righteousness of respecting the virtuous and old-age. This is an auspicious thing in the "Bielu.") Sheyi forty-sixth (Zheng Catalog said: "The name of Sheyi is to remember the ceremony of swallow shooting and great shooting, and to observe virtue and deeds based on the righteousness of scholars. This is an auspicious thing in "Bielu.") The forty-seventh Yanyi (Zheng Catalog said: "The one named Yanyi is used to remember the ceremony of swallowing and drinking from the monarch and his ministers, and the righteousness of respecting each other. This is an auspicious thing in "Bielu.") The forty-eighth act of benevolence (Zheng catalog said: "The name of benefactor is to record the rites of betrothal and interrogation by the states of the princes, and the righteousness of emphasizing gifts and despising wealth. This is an auspicious event in "Bielu.") The forty-ninth of the four systems of mourning clothes (Zheng Catalog said: "The name of the four systems of mourning clothes is based on the knowledge of benevolence, righteousness and propriety. This is the mourning dress in the old saying of "Bie Lu").") Case: Based on this, it is known that the "Book of Rites" compiled by Liu Xiang is actually classified as the second.Its types can be found through examination, one general theory, two systems, three mourning clothes, four auspicious rites or auspicious events, five sacrificial offerings, six sons or sons, seven music records, eight Ming halls or yin and yang in Ming halls. According to "Sui Zhi", there are eighty-five chapters in "Da Dai Li Ji".From the beginning of the thirty-eighth chapter of this book, all the chapters above have been lost, and the rest of the chapters have been lost. The preserved chapters are as follows: Wang Yan Thirty-ninth (The above thirty-eight articles are lost.) Ai Gong asked Wuyi forty Duke Ai asked Confucius the forty-first The forty-second volume of the three books of rituals Li Cha forty-sixth Xia Xiaozheng forty-seventh (the above is the second volume of this book.) Baofu forty-eighth (this volume three.) Zeng Zi Lishi forty-ninth Zeng Zi Ben Xiao fifty Zeng Zili Fifty-first Zeng Zi Daxiao fifty-second The fifty-third of Zeng Zishi's parents (the above is the fourth volume of this book.) Zeng Zi's Proverbs, Upper, Middle, Lower, Fifty-fourth to Fifty-sixth Zeng Zi's disease fifty-seventh Zeng Zi Tianyuan fifty-eighth (above, Volume 5 of this book.) Wu Wang Jianwei fifty-ninth General Wei Wenzi No. 60 The sixty-second of the virtues of the five emperors Imperial sixty-third Encouraging Learning Sixty-Fourth (The above is now Volume 7.) Zi Zhang asked the sixty-fifth entry into the official Sidley sixty-sixth (the above volume eight.) Thousand times sixty-seventh Four generations sixty-eighth Yu Daide sixty-ninth Gaozhi seventieth (the above volume nine.) King Wen's official seventy-first The seventy-second period when the princes moved to the temple The seventy-third temple of the princes Xiaobian seventy-fourth Soldiers Seventy-fifth Shaojian seventy-sixth (the above is the eleventh volume of this volume.) North Korean affairs seventy-seventh Tossing the pot seventy-eighth (the above is the twelfth of this volume.) crown seventy-ninth The eightieth of life The Eighty-first Book of Changing Benming "Sui Zhi" said "Da Dai" eighty-five chapters, forty-seven of which were lost, and thirty-eight of them survived.However, there are actually thirty-nine chapters in this edition. "Summary of Siku" says: "There are too many chapters in "Xia Xiaozheng". The Sui and Tang Dynasties recorded Da Dai's or Que Qi's chapters...the ones that survive should be thirty-nine." "Zhongxing Bibliography" says that there are forty The author added the sixty-seventh article of "Ming Tang" to "Xia Xiaozheng", but in fact this article is in "Shengde Chapter", and later generations re-wrote it again.Those whose titles can be tested include Posthumous Fa Pian, Wang Du Ji, Sanzheng Ji, Alias ​​Ji, Relatives Ji, and Five Emperors Ji (both cited in Bai Hu Tong), and the In Taimiao Rituals (quoted in "Shaolao Food Giving Ceremony"), there is "Wang Ba Ji" (quoted in "Zhou Li Zhu").There is "Qi Mu Pian" (quoted in "Ming Tang Yue Ling Lun"), "Hao Shi Pian" (quoted in "Fun Su Tong"), and "Rui Ming Pian" (quoted in "Lunheng").It reappeared with "Xiaodai", in addition to "Touhu" and "Ai Gongwen", there are also "Qu Li" (quoted in "Hanshu·Wang Wuzhuan"), "Ritual Vessels" (quoted in "Five Classics and Different Meanings") , "Wen Wangshizi" (cited in "Mao Shibin Pu Zhengyi"), "Sacrifice" (cited in "Han Shu Wei Yuancheng Biography" and "Bai Hu Tong Geng Sang Chapter"), Zeng Ziwen (cited in "Bai Hu Tong Geng Sang" Sang Pian", "Xian Zhuan" (quoted from "Bai Hu Tong · Temperament Chapter"), "Tan Gong" (quoted from "Bai Hu Tong · Beng Xi Pian" and "Ming Tang Yue Ling Lun"), "Royal System" (quoted from "Bai Hu Tong·Bengxi Pian), where either the Da Dai is cited explicitly, or only the title of the article is cited, and the citation is not in the current "Xiao Dai", it should be presumed to be the author of "Da Dai".According to this, the title of the lost article can also be one of three. (The Book of Rites is a large series of books circulated by Confucian scholars, and the content is quite complicated. A brief analysis of its important categories is as follows: (A) A special article describing a certain etiquette clause.For example, "The Princes Moved to the Temple", "The Princes' Chaos Temple", "Touhu", "Gongguan" and other chapters, the "Siku Abstract" says that "all are the remains of the "Ancient Classic of Rites".Although there is no other evidence, it should be a fragment of the ritual book before the Spring and Autumn Period.Its nature is slightly like one of the "Kaiyuan Rituals" and "Daqing Tongli".Another example is part of the chapters of "Nei Ze", "Shao Yi", "Qu Li", etc., which also record etiquette provisions, and its nature is slightly like a section of "Wen Gong's Family Rituals". (B) A special article describing a certain government order.Such as "Xia Xiaozheng", "Yueling", etc., its nature is slightly like a part of "Daqing Huidian". (C) A special chapter explaining the Rites.For example, "Guanyi", "Yiyi", "Xiangjiuyi", "Sheyi", "Yanyi", "Employment", "Four Systems of Mourning Clothes", etc., are the biography and annotations of the seventeen chapters of "Yili". (D) Specially remember the remarks of Confucius.For example, "Biaoji", "Ziyi", "Zhongni Yanju", "Confucius' Idle Residence", etc., its nature is slightly similar.Another example is the seven chapters of "Ai Gong Wen" and "Confucius Three Dynasties" - "Thousand Vehicles", "Four Dynasties", "Yu Daide", "Gaozhi", "Xiaobian", "Using Soldiers" and "Shaojian" - all pre-Qin Confucianism One of the biography of Confucius.His special record of the seventy sons' speeches, such as "Zeng Zi Wen", "Zi Zhang Wen Entering the Official", "General Wei Wen Zi" and other articles, are also attached to this category. (E) Record Confucianism and people's chores in a timely manner.For example, a part of "Tan Gong" and "Miscellaneous Things", its nature is slightly like "Han Feizi"'s "Neiwai Chushuo". (f) Miscellaneous records of the system.Such as "Wangzhi", "Yuzao", "Mingtangwei" and so on. (G) Special textual research and miscellaneous textual research on institutional etiquette.Such as "Ritual Vessels", "Special Sacrifice in the Suburbs", "Sacrifice Law", "Jietong", "Big Biography", "Mourning Clothes", "Inquiry about Mourning", "Internal Biography" and so on. (Xin) General discussion on etiquette or academics.Such as "Li Yun", "Li Sacrifice", "Jing Jie", "Three Books of Rites", "Jie Yi", "Three Years of Questions", "Le Ji", "Xue Ji", "University", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "Encouraging Learning", "Ben Ming", "Yi Yi" Ben Ming" and so on. (兰) miscellaneous notes motto.Such as "Quli", "Shaoyi", "Encouraging Learning", "Confucian Practice" and so on. (Gui) A special record of a certain anecdote.Such as "Five Emperors' Virtue", "Emperor Lineage", "Wen Wangshizi", "Wu Wang Jianyan" and so on. This large series of books, of course, was not made by one person. "Han Zhi" says: "Recorded by scholars after the Seventy." Scholars after the Seventy can range up to Dade, Dai Sheng, and Liu Xiangye.Among them are those recorded from official books, such as "Princes Moved to the Temple", "Qiao Temple" and other chapters. Although they may not be the remains of the "Ancient Classic of Rites", they should be the records of a certain official.For example, the article "Wen Wang Guanren" is slightly similar to the article "Yi Zhou Shu".For example, "Yueling" and "Lu Lan" and "Huainan" have the same text, so the three books must be based on one ancient book.Some are recorded from the books of various scholars, for example, the ten chapters from "Li Shi" to "Tian Yuan" in "Da Dai" are all titled "Zeng Zi", or the "Eighteen Chapters of "Zeng Zi"" in "Han Zhi" One also. According to Shen Yue, "The Doctrine of the Mean", "Fangji", "Biaoji" and "Ziyi" are all taken from "Zi Si Zi", or one of the "23 chapters of "Zi Si" in "Han Zhi". "Historical Records of Justice" stated that "Le Ji" was written by Gongsun Nizi, and Liu