Chapter 4 (B) Political history and other philology books

Among them, only twenty-eight chapters are authentic books, which should be read intensively, but it's okay if they can't be recited.The remaining articles are forged by people from Jin Dynasty, so it is enough to read them at a glance. (For the list of authenticity and falsehood, see "Authenticity and Time of Ancient Books" by Qi Chao, which will be published in a few days.) This book cannot be understood without reading the notes.The commentary book is Sun Xingyan's "Shangshu Jinguwen Commentary" is the best. The authenticity of this book is mixed, it is advisable to read it.

Zhu Youzeng's commentary "Yi Zhou Shu Ji Xun Xiao Shi" is quite good. This book is now in circulation forged by people in Yuan and Ming Dynasties.Its ancient editions were compiled by several Qing Confucians, and Wang Guowei's compilation is the best. These two books may be one book, which was analyzed by the people of the Western Han Dynasty, so it is advisable to read them together. It is advisable to select a few chapters of "Zuo Zhuan" and read them by heart, which is very beneficial for the study of literature.When reading "Zuo Zhuan", it is advisable to visit Gu Donggao's "Spring and Autumn Events List", which can get a study method.

It is advisable to select a few articles and read them carefully, which is beneficial to the study of literature. This book was published at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and it is difficult to determine when it was written.However, some of the systems in the book should be old in the Zhou Dynasty, and the rest are also products of the ideals of scholars in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, so it is always advisable to read them. Among the commentaries, Sun Yirang's "Zhou Li Zheng Zheng" is the best. This book is the most rigorous in verifying the facts of the history of the three dynasties. It is advisable to read it as a standard for governing ancient history.

This is the most valuable work in chronological political history. Although it is a bit complicated, I always hope that scholars can read it all intensively. If it is bitter, dry and tasteless, you might as well imitate the example of "Chunqiu Major Events Table" and establish several categories by yourself, and mark the excerpts as materials for future writings. (I used this method when I was young. Although there is no book, it has gained a lot of interest.) Wang Chuanshan's "Du Tong Jian Lun" has a critical perspective, which is quite different from the vulgar; when reading "Tong Jian", it is also a way to add to the fun.

By Bi Yuan The value of this book is far below Sima's original work, so it goes without saying.Ignore the one who is better, and keep a few ears. Or you can read the nine kinds of "Chronicles, Ben and Mo" instead of the main and continuation.To be either one or the other, there must be a Bibliographer. The three books are voluminous, and now scholars have summarized their main items: "Tian Fu Kao", "Hukou Kao", "Service Service Kao", "Market Purchasing Kao", "Zhengshu Kao", "National Use Kao", "Coin Kao", "Soldier Kao" Criminal Examination", "Classic Examination", "Four Generations Examination", must read. "Wang Likao", "Feudalism Kao" and "Xiangweikao" are absolutely unnecessary to read.The rest can be read or not read at will. (I don’t have the original book at hand, so I can’t record its contents. If there are any omissions, I will correct them.)

Everyone should read according to their preferences. For example, those who want to study economic history and financial history should read the first seven exams.I followed suit. Ma's "Tong Kao of Documents" was originally written in imitation of Du's "Tong Dian".If Zun created it, he should cite the "Tong Dian". If you choose this one, you should choose the one with richer materials.When we read the old history, the only thing that is precious is the raw material, the furnace hammer structure, and I should ask for it. "Hui Yao of the Two Han Dynasties", "Hui Yao of the Tang Dynasty" and "Hui Yao of the Five Dynasties" can be read together with "Tong Kao".

Zheng Yuzhong's knowledge of history and his talents are all ordinary, and the whole book of "Tong Zhi" is voluminous, so you don't need to read it. "Twenty Strategies" gathers its spirit and must be read.Among them, those of the same category as "Tongkao" may be omitted, and the most important ones are "Clan Briefing", "Six Book Briefing", "Qiyin Briefing", "Xiaoyu Briefing" and other chapters. "Tongjian" and "Tongkao" are vast and boundless, and even more about the twenty-four histories of Biaoda, how many scholars will leave without looking forward?However, the Twenty-Four Histories must be read for two reasons: (1) There is no satisfactory general history, and if one does not read the Twenty-Four Histories, one cannot know the remains of the activities of the ancestors. (2) Although there is a good general history, but the book has its own style, and the raw materials of the twenty-four histories cannot be included in the whole bank.Therefore, the twenty-four histories are still books that the people should read for a long time.

Books should be read, but also vast and difficult to read, so what?I am now trying to excerpt several articles for scholars. One said it was picked from the book. "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Later Hanshu" and "Three Kingdoms" are commonly known as the Four Histories. The books are all written by great historians. My sons, we are based on common sense, so we must read it once.I hope that scholars will read all the biographies of these four histories, and still pick out some articles to recite a little bit, so as to help them learn, because there are the most good articles in the four histories. (If you want me to list its names, you can do it, but if you don’t have the original book at hand, it will be a different day.) Besides the four histories, the "Ming History" is considered the best official book, and the time is recent, so it is also appropriate to read it in detail .

The second is to read the annals according to the classification of things.For example, if you want to study economic history and financial history, you should read "Ping Zhun Shu" and "Shihuo Zhi"; if you want to study music, you should read "Yue Shu" and "Yue Zhi"; For academic history, read "Yiwenzhi" and "Jingjizhi", with "Rulin Biography" attached; if you want to study religious history, read "Northern Wei Shu·Shi Laozhi". (It's a pity that he doesn't have a history.) Each time he studies a subject, he reads it through the aspirations of the history of this subject, and reads it together with this subject in "Benwen Tongkao".When they read, they will often find that many materials are scattered in various biographies, and then follow up and investigate their biographies to read them.By extension and analogy in this way, it can gradually become a long series of economic history, religious history... and so on.In the future, it will be collected and sorted out, and it will become a book.

The third is to read biographies based on the classification of people.Reading the biographies of famous people can inspire people's ambition the most, and their wisdom in dealing with things has increased a lot, which is why the ancients valued reading history.Since it is impossible to read all the biographies of the whole history (and it is not necessary), it is advisable to read the biographies of great figures, and each history should not exceed twenty or thirty chapters.In addition, you can choose to read according to what you want to study. If you want to study academic history, you can read "Ru Lin Zhuan" and other scholars' biographies; pass.If you use this method to read, you may only worry about the few, not the many.

In addition, "Foreign Biography", "Biography of Barbarians", "Biography of Chieftain", etc. of various histories contain the most raw materials of ethnic history and sociology, which are very interesting. I deeply hope that scholars will read them. By Zhao Yi Before scholars read official history, I advise them to read this book. "Book of Rites" states that "the comparison of words and things is also taught in the Spring and Autumn Period", and this book has won the secret of "comparing things".Under each topic, its information is found from dozens of biographies, piecemeal, like picking flowers into honey; scholars can use this method to read history, and then they can develop writing ability. (About one-third of the content is about the similarities and differences of the collated texts, so you don’t have to read them.) by Wei Yuan by Li Yuandu There is still no complete book on the historical relics of the Qing Dynasty. It is most regrettable that I will use these two books to make up the number.Wei Mo has a deep talent for good history. "Sheng Wu Ji" is a chronicle of the origin and the end. It narrates the conquest of Mongolia, the survey of Jinchuan, and the follow-up of Tibet. It is a rare masterpiece.Li Ciqing's "A Brief Introduction to the First Business" has some characters before Daoguang, and the text has a law. It is advisable to read it to know the history of the last two or three hundred years. The Complete History of the Qing Dynasty written by Japanese Inaba Junshan is still readable. (A translation is available.) by Gu Zuyu This is the most organized geography book. Its specialty lies in monographs on the situation, using regions as the longitude and historical sites as the latitude. It does not feel dry to read. Although this book is voluminous, it is not very laborious to read its narration (to the various prefectures), and it can arouse the interest of geography. Liu Zhiji This book has a lot of special knowledge on the method of making history, so it is advisable to read it.Zhang's "Wenshi Tongyi" has a similar nature and a wider scope, which has been seen before. Liang Qichao Reading it can increase the interest of history and know the methods of history management.