Chapter 3 (A) Cultivation Application and History of Thought Relational Books

It has been the general source of Chinese people's thoughts for two thousand years. "Mencius" has also been in the same position since the Song Dynasty.These two books can be said to be the rulers of the lives of Chinese people inside and outside, so I hope that scholars can read them by heart; if they can't, they must read them many times.Please briefly cite his words, or take notes of his physical and mental practice, for self-cultivation. The text of "Mencius" is not difficult.It is advisable to read the main text only, and only read the annotations if you have any doubts.The book of annotations, Zhu Xi's "Four Books Collected Notes", is an extremely prudent work in his life, and it is readable; but there are some places in it that fall into the obstacles of Song Confucianism, so we should look at them separately.For the annotated version of Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty, there is Dai Wang's "The Analects of Confucius", and "Mencius" has Jiao Xun's "Mencius Zhengyi", which is the best.Dai's learning from Yan Xizhai puts the most emphasis on practice, and his annotations are similar to the realities of Confucianism; his exegesis is also better than Zhu's annotations, and his books are concise and easy to read.Jiao followed Dai Dongyuan's learning, and his "Mencius Zhengyi" is the best book among the Qing Confucian classics; but the text is quite complicated, so it should be kept on the desk, and it can be used as a reference when you don't understand it or feel something.

Dai Zhen's "Mencius of Mencius" is a philosophy of Dai's family. It was not written specifically for the annotation of "Mencius", but its book is so incisive that scholars must read it at last.It is best to read it while reading "Mencius", not only knowing the outline of Dai Xue, but also helping to read "Mencius". Jiao Xun's "Analects of Confucius" was written in imitation of "Mencius Zi Yi Shuzheng", which dismantled all the important meanings of the standard, such as saying benevolence, saying loyalty and forgiveness, etc., and listed them into several items. It is called a good method of governance, and it can be applied to govern other books.

The two books on the right have few leaves and are easy to read. Chen Feng read the volume of "Mencius" in "Dongshu Reading Secretary", and combed the Mencius theory by item, which is the most precise.The book is only twenty or thirty leaves, so it is advisable to read it once to observe the academic methods of the predecessors, and it is also beneficial to self-cultivation. This book is a philosophical book before Confucius, and Confucius commented on it.Although Aoyan is difficult to study, it must be read.I hope that scholars will familiarize themselves with "Xi Ci Zhuan" and "Wen Yan Zhuan" and recite them. The sixty-four articles of "Gua Xiang Zhuan" will be published in other notes and read at any time.

Those who later said "Yi" spoke differently.For the sake of self-cultivation, Cheng Yi's "Cheng Shi Yi Zhuan" is not readable. The one who said that "Yi" is the latest truth, I only recommend Jiao Xun, whose "Three Books of Yi Xue in Diaogulou": "Yitong Shi", "Yi Tulue" and "Yi Zhangju" are all called Jingyi.If scholars want to understand this scripture in depth, they can read it; otherwise, they don't need it. This book is a series of "Confucian words" from the Warring States Period and the Western Han Dynasty. There are some extremely pure ones and some extremely broken ones.I hope that scholars will familiarize themselves with the four chapters of "The Doctrine of the Mean", "University", "Li Yun" and "Yue Ji"; "Records", "Ziyi", "Confucianism", "Da Zhuan", "Jieyi", "Jifa", "Rural Drinking Yi" and other articles, I have read them several times and extracted their essential words.

If you want to see the annotations, you can see Zheng's annotations and Kongshu in "The Thirteen Classics Annotations". The nature of "Book of Filial Piety" is the same as that of "Book of Rites", so it can be read as one of "Book of Rites". The most essential book of Taoism, I hope scholars will read this mere 5,000 words into recitation. For those who are not very interested in the commentary, it is better to read the white text and search for it by yourself. When Confucius and Mo were in the pre-Qin period, the two sages were called together, so this book must be read.Except for the following chapters of "Beichengmen", the remaining chapters are suitable for intensive reading.

Sun Yirang's "Mo Zi Jian Gu" is the best commentary, and it is advisable to read "Mo Zi" according to this book. There are four chapters in the "Jing" and "Jing Shuo", there are Zhang Huiyan's "Mozi Jing Explanation" and Liang Qichao's "Mo Jing" two books can be visited; but there are unfinished parts. There are Hu Shi's new interpretations in the "Xiaoqu" chapter, which can be visited. Liang Qichao's "Mozi Xuean" is a general interpretation style, which can be visited for fun; but its book is a temporary handout, which has not been carefully reviewed.

The seven chapters of "Inner Chapter" and the "Tianxia Chapter" in "Miscellaneous Chapters" should be intensively read.The annotations are similar to Guo Qingfan's "Zhuangzi Jishi". "Discovery", "Rectification of Names", "Tian Lun", "Zheng Lun", "Xing Evil", "Li Lun" and "Yue Lun" are the most intensive reading.I also have to browse them all. Commentary, Wang Xianqian's "Xunzi Notes" is very good. None of the surviving books is complete, but the three sons are all great philosophers of the pre-Qin period.There are very few articles and no effort. The authenticity of "Gongsun Longzi" is still questionable.None of the three books have good annotations, and "Yin Wenzi" and "Shenzi" are easy to interpret.

The essence of legalism must be read in its entirety. (The chapters that should be read intensively, because there is no original book at hand, may be omitted, and will be supplemented in the future.) The commentary, Wang Xianqian's "Han Feizi Collection Interpretation" is not good. The authors collected by people in the late Warring States period are quite heterogeneous in nature, but there are quite a lot of ancient theories that have survived, so it is worth browsing.As for the commentary, Dai Wang's "Guanzi Correction" is very good. This is the oldest book of its kind in China, and there are quite a lot of pre-Qin theories in it, so it is advisable to browse.

This book is a collection of Taoist words between the Qin and Han Dynasties, and should be read intensively.As for the commentary, I heard that Liu Wendian's "Huinan Honglie Jijie" is quite good. This is a representative work of Confucianism in the Western Han Dynasty, so it is advisable to read it intensively. As a commentary, Su Yu's "Chunqiu Fanlu Yizheng" is quite good. Kang Youwei's "Spring and Autumn Period Dong Shixue" is a general release style, so you should refer to it. This book is a book about Confucianism and Legalism in the Han Dynasty confronting and defending political issues, and it is advisable to read.

This book is about the skeptical philosophy of the Han Dynasty and should be read. This book is a representative work of Taoism after the Jin Dynasty and should be read. The fake books of the Jin Dynasty can be read as metaphysics books between the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The above list is an important work of the ideological circle before the Han and Jin Dynasties.In the six dynasties, sui and tang dynasties, Buddhism was the most brilliant intellectual, and its bibliography should be described separately.The following is a list of representative books of academics after the Song Dynasty, but for the sake of saving energy for ordinary scholars, I do not want to list more.

Zhu Xi's Works and Jiang Yong's Notes After reading this book, we can see what the content of Neo Confucianism of Cheng Zhu's school is like. Attached "Zhu Zi's On Learning Essentials" written by Wang Maohong This book narrates the comprehensive list of Zhu Xue in the most essential and orderly way. If you want to study the Cheng-Zhu school of thought, you should read "Er Cheng Sui Shu" and "Zhu Zi Yu Lei".Those who are not specialized in Sri Lanka can place it. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were Lu Donglai's philology school, Chen Longchuan's and Ye Shuixin's utilitarian school, and Lu Xiangshan's mind school in opposition to Zhu Xue in the Southern Song Dynasty.If you want to know the details, you should read the special collections of each person; if you want to see the general idea, you can refer to the "Song and Yuan Xuean". Wang Shouren's Notes on Xu Ai, Qian Dehong and Others Read this to know the outline of Wang Xue.If you want to know the details, you should read "Wang Wencheng Gongquanshu".Because Yangming regards the unity of knowledge and action as his teaching, it is only by contemplating learning and deeds that one can see his entire personality;Therefore, "Yangming Collection" is more important than Zhulu's collections. Huang Zongxi Huang Zongxi's first draft was completed twice by Quan Zuwang and Wang Zicai These two books are the general records of Neo Confucianism in the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, and are actually the academic history of creation. The cases of Yaojiang, Jiangyou, Wangmen, Taizhou, Donglin and Jishan in Ming Confucianism Cases are the most exquisite. Among the "Song and Yuan Xuean", the Xiangshan case is the most excellent, the Hengqu, Ercheng, Donglai, Longchuan, and Shuixin cases are also good, the Huiweng case is not very good, Baiyuan (Shao Yong), Sushui (Sima Guang) The cases are too complicated to miss, but the truth cannot be seen.At the end, Jinggong (Wang Anshi)'s new learning strategy is the worst, because of his sect's opinion, it is rejected.If you want to know Jing Gong's academics, you should read "Wang Linchuan Collection". Although these two books are cumbersome, I always hope that scholars will choose to read them, because they are a summary of six hundred years of scholarship, which has a profound influence on modern times, and they are compiled into one volume, so reading is not very strenuous. It is a pity that there is no such good work on the academic history of the Qing Dynasty.Tang Jianzhi's "Small Consciousness of Guochao Cases" is based on the most sluggish Cheng and Zhu schools in the Qing Dynasty. It is narrow and crude, and it is absolutely unreadable.Jiang Fan's "Guochao Sinology Master Inheritance" and "Guochao Songxue Origins" are also in the form of learning cases, which are better.But the Jiang family's knowledge is mediocre, and it is impossible to describe the uniqueness of each school. It is just a reference as a last resort.Qi Chaofang has something to do with the "Qing Confucianism Case", and the history is still indefinite. Gu Yanwu Gu Tinglin is the first person who founded the Qing Dynasty, and his energy is concentrated on it, so it is advisable to read it.Reading the letters in "Collected Works", we can see the general outline of his research. Huang Zongxi Huang Lizhou is one of the masters in the early Qing Dynasty, and his greatest contribution lies in the two "Xue An".This pamphlet shows the outline of his political thought. The Book of Wang Fu Wang Chuanshan was one of the great masters in the early Qing Dynasty, and he could not see its profoundness and breadth unless he had read the whole book comprehensively;Talking about the publication of this book is not enough to represent the whole of his knowledge. Dai Wangbian Yan Xizhai was one of the great masters in the early Qing Dynasty. The "Xue Ji" edited by Dai Shi can quite convey the truth.Xu Shichang's "Yan Li Xue" can also be used as a reference, but his collections "Xizhai Yuyao" and "Shu Gu (Li Cheng) Yuyao" will attack Song Confucianism and not record it, which is a little bit true. The scholarship of Gu, Huang, Wang, and Yan is what scholars must know. However, their writings are extensive, or lost, and it is not easy to find them. by Dai Zhen Jiao Xunzhu Dai Dongyuan and Jiao Litang were among the Confucian classics teachers in the Qing Dynasty who had profound philosophical thoughts. Reading their collections, you can know their studies and their methods of study. The "Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty" drafted by Qi Chao, Dongyuan and Litang, are in the draft. by Zhang Xuecheng Although the title of this book is literature and history, it is really about academic genres, so it is advisable to read it.Hu Shi's "Chronology of Zhang Shizhai" can be used for reference. Kang Youwei Mr. Nan Hai's original thoughts are in this book, which was published in the magazine "Unbearable". By Zhang Binglin It can be seen that Zhang Taiyan's thoughts are evident, and the details should be read in "Zhang's Series". by Liang Shuming There are places where it is partial, and there are also places where it is unique. by Hu Shi Liang Qichao If you are going to read the pre-Qin Jingbu and Zibu books, it is advisable to read these two books first, which can arouse interest and inspire your own judgment. Liang Qichao If you want to know a little about the style of study in the Qing Dynasty, you should read this book.