Chapter 53 "Xin'an County Chronicle" and Hong Kong

"Xin'an County Chronicle" and Hong Kong Today's Hong Kong Island and its surrounding islands, as well as Kowloon on the other side, were in the Qing Dynasty before ceding to Britain. The ancient times originally belonged to Xin'an County, Guangzhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province. Xin'an is today's Bao'an. Bao'an has no county records. Therefore, if we want to study the historical and geographical data of Kowloon in Hong Kong in the past, we can only turn to "Xin'an County Chronicles". "Xin'an County Chronicles" is rare in China.According to the "Comprehensive Records of Chinese Local Chronicles" edited by Zhu Shijia,

There are two types of "Xin'an Zhi" compiled in the Qing Dynasty, one was compiled by Jin Wenmo in the 27th year of Kangxi, with a total of thirteen volumes; The first was compiled by Ruan Yuan and Shu Maoguan in the 24th year of Jiaqing, with a total of 24 volumes.The former is only the Peking Library and The Library of Congress of the United States has a complete copy, and the Library of the Palace Museum in Peking has the seventh to eleventh copies. A fragment of the volume; only one in the Oriental Library and one in the Guangdong Provincial Library were collected by Jiaqing Xiu, but the Oriental Map

The collection of books in the library had already been destroyed by Japanese artillery during the "January 28th" campaign, and those in the Guangdong Provincial Library It is the only one that has been recorded. However, when compiling "Comprehensive Records of Local Chronicles of China", small-scale public and private libraries and private collections The local annals survey is incomplete, such as Jia Qingxiu's "Xin'an County Chronicles", now Hong Kong Fung Pingshan Library There is only one manuscript in possession, and the late Professor Balfour of the University of Hong Kong also possessed one. It is said that the Chinese people in Hong Kong before the war

The Chief Secretary also has one, and I have one too, which I obtained by accident a few years ago.It is speculated that, There must be more. This Jiaqing "Xin'an County Chronicle" was compiled in the 24th year of Jiaqing. It has 24 volumes, and there is another volume at the beginning. roll.The major was Shu Maoguan, the magistrate of Xin'an County at that time, from Jing'an County, Jiangxi Province, and the editor-in-chief was a candidate for Zhili Prefecture The judge Wang Chongxi was also from Jiangxi.The governor of Guangdong and Guangxi at that time was Ruan Yuan, so there is his preface before the book, "China

The Comprehensive Records of National and Local Chronicles listed his name as one of the editors, which is wrong. The book I have collected There is only one page of Ruan Yuntai's preface in "Xin'an Zhi", at least one page is lost. In Wang Chongxi's preface, he said: "Mr. Ruan Yuntai, the obscene Mongolian government, observed Mr. Lu Yujin's permission, and Give preface. "It seems that there should be Lu Shi's preface, and this book is gone. In addition, another preface is Shu Maoguan's. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, Xin'an County belonged to Boluo County, Nanhai County. In the Six Dynasties, Bao'an County belonged to Dongguan County, and Liang was changed to Dongguan County.

It was Dongguan. After the Sui and Tang dynasties, Dongguan County was changed to Nanhai County and Guangzhou Dudufu. Song Yuan was still Dongguan County, Ming Wan It was divided into Xin'an County in the past five years and belonged to Guangzhou Prefecture, and it was merged into Dongguan County in the fifth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty.Eight years later, it was reset again. It was called Xin'an along the way, and now it is called Bao'an. According to the preface of Wang Chongxi, who compiled the annals of Jiaqing, "Xin'an was established as a county in the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty.

Later, they were either merged or analyzed, and there was a move to move the border.The old records were compiled from the age of Wuchen in Kangxi, when the city was first restored, and the sports meeting was held. It is new, so many of its books are lacking and unprepared, and the words and sentences are not tailored, and the style is not perfect, that is, like the history of county government, It is impossible to distinguish the origin, four to eight, all are wrong, and there is a village in Nantou, those who talk about the situation think that the whole family is wide The matter of coastal defense is unknown, so it is necessary to edit it again. "It was Jin Wenmo who revised the annals of Kangxi Wuchen, and also

The magistrate of this county.Although Wang Xu said that the old annals were compiled at the age of Wuchen in Kangxi, according to the first few cases of Jiaqing annals, "The old annals have been revised for hundreds of years since the Kangxi Bochen year."Since it is said to be continued, it must be completed before Kangxi Wuchen. There is also "Xin'an Zhi".I have never seen Kangxi Wuchen's "Xin'an Zhi", this question can only be waited for in the future It will be resolved.Kangxi's "Xin'an Zhi" has only thirteen volumes, but the Jiaqing re-edited volume has increased to twenty-four volumes.

Almost doubled. The contents of the twenty-four volumes of the re-edited "Xin'an County Chronicles" are: Volume 1 History History, Volume 2 Volume 3 Yudilue, Volume 4 Landscape Briefing, Volume 5 and Volume 6 Official Annals, Volume 7 Construction Briefing, Volumes 8-11 Economic and Political Briefing, and Volume 12 Strategies of Haiphong, Volume 13 Provincial Annals of Defense, Volume 14 Eunuch Achievements, Volume 15 to 17 Election List, Volume 18 Victory Sites Briefly, volumes 19 to 21 character annals, volumes 22 to 24 art and literature annals, and the first volume of training.

In terms of maps, there are four map of the county government and the coastal defense situation map of the coastal islands, the county office and the Confucian Temple Wenwu Temple face map.There is also the so-called Eight Views of Xin'an, which was painted by Chen Tang.The eight sceneries are: Chiwan Shenggai, Wuling Tianchi, Beidu Zen traces, ginseng mountains and trees, Lushan peaches and plums, Yuletang Lake, Aoyang Gan Waterfall and Longxue Tower.These eight sceneries Some are in today's Hong Kong, and some have been lost and cannot be tested. For example, "Pui Du Chan Trace" is in Qingshan, "Ao

"Yangan Waterfall" was originally said to be in the "Qidu Ocean, there are stones ten feet high, surrounded by alkali tides, and there are Ganquan waterfalls in the middle. If it falls from the sky". According to our current speculation, if the location of this waterfall is not in Hong Kong Island, it will be in Lantau Island Inside. "Longxue Tower" is also in the northwest sea of ​​the city, "Longxue Island is in the west of the city, there is a mirage, and most of them are steamed into building views. It is common to see people and car covers on the battlements during the first lunar month.” This location seems to be present in today’s Hong Kong and Lantau Island The area around the sea. Hong Kong and Kowloon were under the jurisdiction of the Guanfu Inspection Department when they belonged to Xin'an County in the past. According to the records in Volume 2 of this Annals, there are still many names of villages within the scope of Guanfusi. Hong Kong and Kowloon New Territories are still used, such as Hong Kong Village, Wong Nai Chung, Pok Fu (Fu) Lam, and Sao Guan (pole) Po, Chek Hom Estate, Lo Wu Estate, Tsim Sha Tau (Tsui), Cheung Sha Wan, To Claw Wan, Kowloon Walled (City), Ping Mountain Village, Kam Tin Village, etc.Even in the Hakka village to which Guan Fusi belonged back then, there were also Jiulongtang, Meilin, Shing Mun, Sha Tin, Kat O and other names are still used by us today. The Guanfu Division Inspection Office, according to this annals, "is more than 30 miles away from the county government in Chiwei Village, and the original office was in the county government. Eighty miles to the southeast, it is Guanfu Village.In the third year of Hongwu, together with Fuyong, it was changed to patrol division. In the 10th year of Kangxi, inspector Jiang Zhenzhi donated his salary to buy the land of Chiwei village, and built this office." It is impossible to test today where the site of the Guanfu Department is.As for the Sino-British 1898 Lease 9 Kowloon City, which was declared to retain the ruling power in the Dragon Treaty, was within the scope of the garrison of the Dapeng Battalion at that time.this one This small walled city may not have been built in the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing, so there is a point in Jiaqing's "Xin'an Zhi" Not mentioned. Hong Kong Island itself is never mentioned in "Xin'an Zhi".The situation of the coastal islands in the county government in the map column In the picture, there are names such as Yangchuanzhou, Stanley, and Hongxianglu, but there is no one in Hong Kong.Both Stanley and Red Incense Burner On Hong Kong Island today, but the two place names noted in the picture are listed on two islands.Yangchuan Island is now Stonecutters Island in Japan. In the picture, there is an island near Yangchuan Island. According to its location, it should be the most suitable location for Hong Kong Island. Yes, but the island left a blank space and did not fill in the place name.This is the most puzzling thing. Although there is no name for Hong Kong Island, there are many place names that are still in use on the island today. It can be found in the county chronicles.As mentioned earlier, such as Wong Nai Chung, Hong Kong Village, Pok Fu Lam, So Kwun Po, etc., At that time, they were all villages under the jurisdiction of Guanfusi, which shows that Hong Kong Island must have been under the jurisdiction of Guanfusi.This Most of these villages still exist today, at least the names are still used in their original places. In addition, in the Economic and Political Strategy of Volume 11, under the general item of the battalion defended by Dapeng, we can see To the name of Hongxianglufan, this camp must be named after Hongxianglufeng, and its anti-pandemic location is in today's Hong Kong Tin Hau Temple in Causeway Bay.Also under the official rent item in Volume 8, we can also see records of Ye Guichang, The arable land occupied by Wu Yawan and others is named Shipaiwan.This Shek Pai Wan is today's Aberdeen.Where this This can help us understand two things indirectly: first, Hong Kong Island certainly did not have a general name in those days, Therefore, only partial place names can be seen in the chronicles, and the name of the island itself is never mentioned.second, There is a village on the island called Hong Kong Village, which is where foreign merchant ships were later moored here from a large waterfall. The island was named "Hong Kong Island" when fresh water was drawn.This great waterfall, according to the remains At that time, it was recorded by outsiders that it flowed out of the sea near Hong Kong Village, and it might be the Eight Scenes of Xin'an recorded in the chronicle One of the "Aoyang Gan Waterfall". The place names in Kowloon and the New Territories are still in use today, especially the place names in the New Territories, such as Zhi Kam Tin Village, Ping Shan Village, Sheung Shui Choy, etc. mentioned in the book still retain their old names.Kowloon In terms of place names, those recorded in the annals and well-known today include Shenshuipu (She), Jiulongzhai, Ngau Chi Wan, Tsim Sha Tau (Tsui), Nga Tsin Estate, Cheung Sha Wan, To Kwa Wan, Er Huang Dian Village, etc. Erhuangdian Village must be the common name of Erwangdian Village, which commemorates the second king at the end of Song Dynasty. The two kings are Yi Wang and Wei Wang Bing.King Yi is Duanzong of Song Dynasty, who once stayed in Guanfuchang when he was avoiding Yuan soldiers. However, this is the origin of the Kowloon Songwang Terrace and other monuments.According to the history of the exile of the two kings in the late Song Dynasty, Qian Shi of the Ming Dynasty Shengxiu's "Book of the Southern Song Dynasty" said: "In February of the second year of Jingyan, Meiwei was the emperor's boat, in April the second official Fuchang, in September Second Shallow Bay. "Since I have lived here for six months, although it is a small court in exile, of course there are some building.According to the "Unification of the Qing Dynasty", there are more than 30 Song Dynasty officials in the southern coastal area, and four of them can be tested. Song Wangtai in Guanfuchang is one of them. Regarding the historical sites left by the two kings of Nanwei in Kowloon, there are three records in "Xin'an Zhi", see volume Eighteen Monuments Gate: "Jingyan's palace is in Meiwei Mountain. In the second year of Song Jingyan's reign, the imperial boat arrived here and used it as a residence. "Officials and riches stationed here: Song Xingchaolu, in April of Ding Chou's year, the emperor's boat was second here, that is, its ground camp palace, basically The site pillar still exists, and today the natives rebuilt its site into the Beidi Temple. "Song Wangtai, in the east of Guanfu, there is a rock with a square meter of several feet. The former emperor Bing stayed here. The huge stone on the side of the platform In the old days, there were three characters of Song Wangtai. " What we should pay attention to is that it is said here that the resident is Di Bing, which is actually a mistake in the "Xin'an Zhi" record. It was Duanzong of Song Dynasty who was stationed in Guanfuchang back then, that is, King Yi, and he was the elder brother of King Wei Bing.Wei Wangbing It was after the death of Duanzong that he succeeded to the throne. At that time, he had fled from Guanfuchang to Quzhou.This Emperor Bing It was the little emperor who was later thrown into the sea by Lu Xiufu at Yamen. When the emperor was stationed in Fuchang, he was still a baby. My son, the people who edited "Xin'an Zhi" somehow recorded this historical fact wrongly. The monuments left by the two kings of the Southern Song Dynasty in Kowloon, in addition to the above, include the tomb of Mrs. Jin and the tomb of King Yang Hou. temple.According to "Xin'an Zhi", the tomb of Mrs. Jin is next to the tomb of Geng Yinglu in Guanfu Mountain. It is said that Jin Guogong, the daughter of Ciyuan, The Lord drowned, cast a golden body for burial, and melted iron to imprison it. The stele is five or six feet high, and the seal is like a seal. According to Chen Bodao's textual research, Mrs. Jin is the daughter of the concubine Yang of the Song Dynasty. cloud.The Houwang Temple is located in the northwest of Songwangtai, and it still exists today, but it is not recorded in the annals. According to Chen Botao, Houwang is the Concubine Yang's younger brother Yang Liangjie also. The Northern Emperor Temple, which was rebuilt from the Song Dynasty Palace mentioned in the annals, still exists in the temple site more than 20 years ago, and now it has disappeared. It was turned into a market, and the remains disappeared. The preface to the second record of art and literature in the twenty-third volume of Jiaqing's "Xin'an Zhi" contains six prefaces to the old annals, which can be From it, we can explore the evolution of the compilation of "Xin'an Zhi" over the years.According to the preface of Wang Chongxi who edited Jiaqing Zhi Said that the old annals were compiled from Kangxi Wuchen, and Wuchen was the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi. This revision of the annals is actually a continuation. Xiu, because the preface of Jin Wenmo, the eunuch who participated in the revision of the annals at that time, recorded in the column of art and literature, shows that it is "Revisiting the Revising the Preface to the Annals of Xin'an County, he also said in the preface: "At the age of Renzi, Li Kecheng of Qianxian County will receive a Ming edict. It has only been ten or sixteen years since it was continued..." Renzi is the eleventh year of Kangxi, and Li Kecheng's "Preface to the Reconstruction of Xin'an County Chronicles" is also included in the art column.new An County was restored from Dongguan County in the eighth year of Kangxi. The "Xin'an Zhi" compiled by Li Shi should be the first in the Qing Dynasty. once. Xin'an was officially established as a county between the end of Ming Longqing and the first year of Wanli. Xin'an had ambitions, according to Jiaqing The preface of the old annals recorded in the annals seems to have been edited by Qiu Tiqian, the county magistrate in the fifteenth year of Wanli, because his preface is titled "The Preface to the First Revision of Xin'an Zhi" was rebuilt by Li Yuan, the county magistrate in the eighth year of Chongzhen. It has been repaired for more than fifty years.Later, in the 16th year of Chongzhen, Zhou Xiyao, the county magistrate, rebuilt it again.Li Yuanhe Zhou Xiyao's prefaces are all contained in Jia Qingxiu's annals. According to the above information, we can know that the version of Xin'an Zhi, except "Comprehensive Records of Chinese Local Chronicles" In addition to the two types recorded in the Kangxi Wuchen and the Jiaqing Jimao years, there should be 11 years of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. (Renzi) A kind of repair.And Mingxiu's "Xin'an Zhi" should have the fifteenth year of Wanli and the eighth year of Chongzhen. And sixteen years of three.Today, when Kangxi Wuchen and Jiaqing Jimao "Xin'an Zhi" have become rare books, such as If one day there is a sudden discovery of Mingxiu's "Xin'an Zhi", for those who study history and geography, that will be a real challenge. Amazing news.