Chapter 16 Section 16 of the second part of the cultural relics knowledge book says "Xiong Jing"

"Zhuangzi Deliberately" said: Inhaling the breath, exhaling the old and absorbing the new, bears the sutras and birds stretch out, it is only for longevity, this way (guidance) guides people, people who cultivate their shape, and Peng Zu's life testers are also fond of it. Among them, "Xiong Jing" is a fitness method. Guo Qingfan's "Ji Shi" quoted Sima Biao's comment: "If a bear climbs a tree, it will attract Qi", and Cheng Xuanying's comment also said: "It is like a bear climbing a tree and hangs itself", It seems that it is a fitness method similar to today's gymnastics created by imitating the bear's movements.

In the era of modern times, there are roughly two categories of fitness methods, one is "guiding", that is, "guiding qi to make harmony", it is said that "the breath of a real person is on the heels, and the breath of everyone is on the throat", the former is the method of circulating the qi all over the body. In operation, people use their thoughts to make "Qi" circulate through the meridians of the whole body to achieve the effect of "exhaling the old and absorbing the new" and strengthening the body. According to the specific conditions of their internal organs, they use "blowing", "exhaling", "exhaling" and "inhaling" The various ways of luck are just like the ones in Volume 56 of "Seven Signs of Yunji", except that the division of "Seven Signs of Yunji" is more detailed and cumbersome.The other is "Yin", that is, "Pull the body to make it soft", that is, the health preservation methods including various physical exercises such as "Xiong Jing" and "Bird Stretch", just like "Baopuzi · Biezhi" "or stretching, or pitching, or walking, or leaning, or walking, or walking slowly", probably this method was originally created by the ancients inspired by animal movements, so it is mostly named after animals, just like "Baopuzi·Duisu" said: "Know the longevity of tortoises and cranes, so follow their guidance to increase years."

Since the Western Han Dynasty, there have been many treatises on health care methods, but not many have survived. According to the records of "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi", there are four categories, one is "immortals", and the other is "fangzhong". The third is "medicine" and the fourth is "guidance", each of which is different.However, the method of "immortals" is mostly superstitious and extremely costly. He became a alchemist and named him "General Wencheng". He built a high platform of hundreds of feet, and used three hundred eight-year-old boys and girls to wear beautiful clothes to sing and dance all night. "Fangzhong" is originally a method of abstinence and preservation of sexual intercourse, such as the "Air Qi" of the Tao of Heavenly Masters, but this is often only the emperor's family is interested in implementing it, because only the emperor's noble family has raised countless Concubines and maids, so over time they became the art of the emperor's indulgence, completely changing its nature. "Medicine" is of course useful to most people, but it also has flaws: first, the secret recipes of famous doctors are rarely known to people, and the medicines used are often affordable by a few wealthy people. In the Song Dynasty, all the secret recipes of the court were published in "Shengjifang" and "Zhenghe Materia Medica", but the poor still can't take the medicine according to the prescription; the second is that even if the prescription is taken, it is still passive treatment, not prevention in advance .Therefore, only the fourth type of "Daoyin" is a very active preventive method, and everyone can learn "Daoyin" by themselves, and physical exercises such as "Bear Jing" and "Bird Stretching" are easier, just like children learning gymnastics .

In the old days, the "Xiong Jing" often referred to Hua Tuo's "Five Animals Play" all at once. "Three Kingdoms: Hua Tuo Biography", but hundreds of years have passed since Hua Tuo, and the two generations of Qin and Han Dynasties. Could it be that the "Xiong Jing" and other fitness techniques have been obsolete in these hundreds of years, and it was not until Hua Tuo rediscovered ?This is obviously impossible. Therefore, in Figure 2, the forty-ninth "Xiong Jing" (copies) of the silk book "Guiding Tu" unearthed in Mawangdui is mainly based on unearthed cultural relics, and references are made to literature records to re-examine the "Xiong Jing" of the Han Dynasty. " to make up for the vacancy in this period of history, and to illustrate the "Bear Sutra" visually with pictures of real objects, so as to make up for the shortcomings that cannot be expressed in detail in written materials.Of course, among the unearthed cultural relics, the "Guiding Map" of Mawangdui Han Tomb No. 3 is of course the most important material for textual research on the "Xiong Jing", and the forty-first map is exactly the "Xiong Jing" (Fig. 2)!However, Mawangdui No. 3 Han Tomb was dated in the early Western Han Dynasty, and there are still records in "Huainanzi·Spirit" which is later than it, "Xiong Jing, Niao Shen, Fu Yu, 狱目, Hu Gu", so It is natural that "Guide Map" can inherit the guide routines since the Warring States Period.The question is, after the unearthed in 1964 in Baoding, Hebei Province (the copy) of the Xiongjing pattern on the Western Han silver-colored tubular vehicle in Figure 3 (1-6), has the "Xiongjing" still not been lost?Is there any evidence in the cultural relics that can prove that Hua Tuo was passed down in one continuous line?The conclusion of our research is positive.

Figure 3 is the six "Xiong Jing" figures on the silver-shaped tubular vehicle of the Western Han Dynasty unearthed in Baoding, Hebei in 1964.The first one is like a bear just starting to climb a tree, with its forelimbs hugging the tree trunk, one foot on the ground and the other lifted; the second one makes a lunge with its hind legs, with its forelimbs stretched forward, palms facing outwards and palms pointing upwards, one behind its back, Bend the elbow upwards, which is very similar to a common action in various martial arts today, and this similar image of a bear is also common in various cultural relics of the Han Dynasty, such as the Neng in the Western Han Zhu Paint Pan (Figure 4), the hollow brick tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Luoyang The Bear on the Upper Part of the Painted Door (Figure 5), Figure 4 of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Zhuhui Lacquer Plate of the Western Han Dynasty (Copy)

The bear in the mixed silver axle (Fig. 6) etc.; the third one stands with its hind legs staggered, with one forelimb behind and the other in front of the body; the fourth Fig. 5 is the pattern of the Bear Sutra on the painted door of the Luoyang hollow brick tomb in the Western Han Dynasty (copy) Figure 6 The "Xiong Jing" pattern on the silver axle of the Eastern Han Dynasty (copy) Then stride, the hind limbs are straight and straight, divided into two sides, the forelimbs are bent left and right, the left elbow is bent downward, and the right limb is straight and sideways. Bronze wine bottle in the Western Han Dynasty (picture 7), painted on a hollow brick tomb in Luoyang (picture The bear seen in 8) also has a similar posture; the fifth one has one hind leg on the ground, the other leg is raised, and the forelimb is bent to the right and straight to the left, like the pattern on the bronze wine bottle of the Western Han Dynasty in Figure 7 (copy)

Figure 8 Color Painting of the Hollow Brick Tomb in Luoyang, Western Han Dynasty (Copy) Figure 9 Two bears (originally a relief) on the waist of a bronze wine bottle unearthed from the Western Han Dynasty Tomb in Youyu, Shanxi Lift up, the left leg swings downwards and backwards, and the whole body rotates accordingly; the sixth is more complicated, the right leg of the hind leg is kicked out to one side, the left leg is turned outward and the knee is bent, the right elbow of the foreleg is bent and the palm is turned, and the left leg is bent. Elbows and palms facing backwards, the two bear statues seen on the waist of the bronze wine statue unearthed from the Western Han Dynasty Tomb in Shanxi are similar to this (Fig. 9).

The fourteen bears in Figure 14 are all taken from the stone carvings of the Wushi Temple in which Huangdi defeated Chi (copy) There are far more images of the "Xiong Jing" seen in the cultural relics of the Han Dynasty, and there are many sporadic ones, but this should be the head of the complete set.In addition, there are four bears in the stone carving of the Wu's Temple in the picture of the Yellow Emperor defeating Chiyou (Figure 10). Their postures may also be in the "Bear Sutra", but unfortunately they are broken and too simple, only the outlines remain, so I have to attach them here for reference .It can be seen from these materials that, firstly, since the people of the Warring States had the method of "Xiong Jing", the Han Dynasty has been unabated; , it is likely that the routines including various postures have been completed; again, Hua Tuo created the "Five Animals", and the "bear" part of it should have absorbed the achievements of the "Bear Classic" technique of the Han Dynasty and made it great. A sudden discovery on a whim.At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cui Shi's "Political Theory" said: "Although the husband and the bear are stretching the calendar, it is not the theory of the typhoid." It can be seen that the Western Han and Eastern Han people did not forget the "Xiong Jing" and other methods, but remembered them very firmly and analyzed them clearly.

However, after the Han and Wei dynasties, "Daoyin" was incorporated into the Taoist system. The "Jin" of "Tao Zang" included "Peng Zu Daoyin Tu", and the "Lin" subtitle also had Peng Zu's "Health Preservation Theory". false entrustment. There are also many works in Daozang that talk about "the art of guidance", and they also contain many mysterious and weird superstitious ideas.However, there are also many ancient "guidance" methods that have been well preserved in these miscellaneous books, such as Tao Hongjing's "Dengzhen Yinjue" volume, which contains many fitness methods, and the "Yunji Seven Signs" volume Thirty-two "Miscellaneous Xiushe" and "Guoyin Sutra" also record various techniques of pulling and pulling. These may have a close relationship with the "Xiong Sutra and Bird Stretch", but their original colors are more and more later. The more ambiguous it is, so that people gradually forget that their origin is just the "imitation" of animals by humans.