Chapter 3 The first part is selected from the posthumous works. Section 3 meritorious deeds and sentient beings

Work and Love This is a letter from Shen Congwen during the land reform. ——Shu Wenlonghu in Neijiang, Sichuan in 1952: All the colleagues in the work team here went out for business, and I became a "stay-at-home". In the middle of the night, behind a wall was an old woman who scolded her husband for having lung disease and coughing. For a child of more than one year old, in the three sentences, there must be a wild saying commonly used by the brothers of the Hou family.On the other side of the wooden wall, there was another young man suffering from phlegm and asthma, who had asthma for a long night.In the situation of double attack, in order to cherish this rare education, I naturally don't need to sleep.The ancients said to burn the lamp to read at night, but I didn't realize that I still have this kind of blessing here.After reading a new book for a while, emotional appeal and eyesight are not helpful.Just now, I found an anthology of "Historical Records" Liu Chuan from the garbage dump outside the sugar room, and put it under the old-fashioned oil lamp to read it repeatedly to spend this long night.After seeing Li Guang, Dou Ying, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, and Sima Xiangruchuan, before I knew it, I seemed to have returned to the social atmosphere of two thousand years ago, the living conditions of the author's era, and the emotion of the pen.I remember that thirty-three or four years ago, when it was snowing heavily at the end of the year, I had the same experience when I lived in the home of a landlord surnamed Zhang in Mayang.Looking at the records of countries with a tung oil lamp, the owner of the family has long since disappeared, and the house has been burned for many years, but the impressions of the family and that visit have reappeared in the memory at this time very clearly.And the sound of rats chewing on wooden tools seemed to come back to life.In other words, it is inconceivable that loneliness can grow things!A part of Chinese history, and a part of the development history of emotions, if we analyze the historical figures in depth, we will understand that its growth is mostly inseparable from loneliness.The idealistic tendency of Eastern thought is also inseparable from sentient beings!This kind of "sentence" and "work" sometimes merge into one, but most of them exist relatively, forming a contradictory confrontation.Being "sentimental" to life often contradicts "doing work" in society, and one tends to lose sight of the other.Guan Yan is for meritorious service, while Qu Jia is for love.Because of this, sentient beings are often "incompetent".Say it now, and it is unavoidable to be "ignorant"!It may sound strange, but it is not so strange!Ignoring this historical reality, there are other explanations, even if the explanation is complete and thorough, it is still not the original.It must be different, and if we seek the same, there will be results!In the past, I was deeply influenced by "Historical Records". At first, I thought it was inspired by the writing style and the way the characters were described, but now I realize that it is mainly due to the various influences of the author himself.

In the biographies of historical records, there are not many writings about people. For two thousand years, they are still like portrait paintings, with distinctive personalities and lifelike expressions.The important point is often a few words, that is, to explain clearly and not sticky, and to get accurate and vivid effects, which is the so-called big handwriting. The strengths of "Historical Records" have always been considered to be close to miracles, unlearnable, and incomprehensible.Trying to analyze it, it can still be treated separately. The books and tables are merits, while the biographies and records are close to sentient beings.It is easy to learn to do meritorious deeds, but it is difficult to learn with love!One of the conditions for Chinese historians to be successful is that the principles of history writing must be measured, and they must have a well-thought-out plan before they can make choices, and they must be loyal to the central idea of ​​the feudal system before they have guidelines. The author of "Historical Records" has a lot of materials, and the miscellaneous biographies since the Six Kingdoms have paid special attention to character expression, and the writing habits of the Western Han people are not very constrained by style and grammar.What is particularly important is that the author's attitude towards people, things, problems, and society, and his attitude towards history, all have both the ambition of a traditional historian and the opinions of contemporary writers.The formation of this attitude is based on the total amount of education that this person has acquired from various aspects in his life.In other words, the author's life is weighty and mature.This weight or maturity is related to pain and suffering, not just accumulated learning!The chronology and various books are said to be meritorious deeds, but they can be completed by mastering the materials.A biography requires something special in the author's life.Let's put it roughly, it is the emotion that can only be matured and accumulated through pain-this emotion is the deep understanding, the deepest love, and the understanding and understanding through work and above.Therefore, writing a person in three to five hundred characters reflects the fit and unity of the two personalities of the author and the person in the biography.

It doesn't matter whether it is written about emperors, generals or foolish men and women, the situation is the same.In recent years, it has often been said that we should learn from excellent traditions. This is sometimes said by professors and experts, and sometimes by political leaders.From the perspective of politicians, it is extremely easy to turn into a formula.Good results are not obtained, but a mantra that does not seek to understand is obtained.Because you don't quite understand what the excellent and great tradition is and how you should learn it, it is conceivable that there will be no results after talking.It is even more impossible to combine the sentimental part of the excellent tradition with the achievements of the new society.This is why in recent years junior high school trilingual textbooks do not choose simple and clear classical narratives to write articles, but often fill the classroom with useless and extremely messy vernacular.The book editor is only subjective and has a sense of submitting papers as the central idea. He has little comprehensive understanding of the second work, and is even less willing to learn more and pay more attention to literature.Teachers and students all over China can only learn and teach like this.Where does the real remedy start, that is, anyone who proposes to learn from the excellent tradition is willing to learn more in a practical way, and have a deeper and broader understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of this tradition.If you have to understand the content of nouns from both sides (or comprehensively), and what the essence of this content is, and then decide how to choose, it will not be like the current situation.These days people can't write a narrative about a person. They use a lot of words, but they can't describe the characteristics of a person, they can't describe their temperament, and the narrative is not clear.If only some contemporary essays are used as templates, the weaknesses of the essays of the students in the past two or three years can be seen, and when they make discussions, they are easy to follow, but in fact they are plagiarizing dogma with little novelty.As a narration, there is almost no real emotion at all.The pens are dull and unnatural.Some articles seem to be written only for people with similar experiences, not for the real majority at all.

... The biographies describe a few people, and they don't write much. Over the past two thousand years, they are like a portrait one by one, with realistic beards and eyebrows, and vivid eyes.The method used is simply strange.It seems to be related to the author's understanding of people and things at that time, and it is also related to the weight of the times that the author's personal life bears. When I was in the countryside, I fell asleep in the straw pile behind the theater building, and woke up when I heard the first rooster crowing. I realized that the sorrow and joy of life are in the masses.Back in the village, behind the double-walled walls of the house, there was coughing and wheezing sound of lung disease all night, and it was difficult to fall asleep because of it. What I realized was that the sorrow and joy of the masses were in my life.It seems to be one case and two cases.In particular, the understanding of thousands of different human life forms, gains and losses, and the laws that belong to various natural laws and are reflected in behaviors, right and wrong in mutual relations, are formed by various material restrictions, conditional constraints, and habits. When there are different forms of joy, meanings of pain, and various problems due to various differences, I understand that I still have a lot of work to do, and a lot of things to do with a more enthusiastic and selfless attitude.It is still necessary to learn from more aspects, to understand and understand, and then it is possible to gradually complete the work while overcoming various difficulties.Everyone says they love the country and the people, but how to love and how to obtain evidence are really different.From a historical point of view, Guan Zhong, Yan Ying, Zhang Liang, Xiao He, Wei Qing, and Huo Qubing made contributions to the country at that time, while Qu Yuan, Jia Yi, etc. were sentient beings.Or the ability to increase knowledge due to closeness to actual work, or divorce due to misfortune, but cultivate emotional attention.Thinking about the events in history, you can also understand that it is not a simple matter to combine meritorious service and sentient beings into one.Because at least in modern science, there is still no concrete solution to this matter.Politics requires this kind of combination, and all kinds of efforts have been made, but the method may still be groping and experimenting, because the difference between functions and emotions has not been deeply understood, and only the need is emphasized to integrate this "sentient being" with the current " It is difficult to expect to get results in "applying".In fact, things may be more difficult than writing editorials.We currently have excellent papers that speak to many people and speak to the point.There are excellent editorials, which can cause widespread and extensive study and thinking, and mobilize people from all walks of life across the country to fight against US aggression and aid Korea, and the Three Antis Movement.However, in the work of trying to turn all sentient beings into meritorious service, it is not as good as ideal.The main reason is the understanding, that is, the understanding of the "author" other than the "function" of literature and art.To have an understanding of function, one needs to have a new and deeper understanding of the author.And it's not just about playing or dismissing the author's function at the moment.The important thing is to be able to produce and train more young authors in a planned way.Just like machine production in industrialization, we must manufacture extremely good machine tools!The work is more difficult, but not hopeless.Judging from the situation in the past few years, not only money was wasted, but in some places all useful manpower was wasted.

The country is developing in a new environment, and thousands of things are advancing through exploration.As for the science of man, if it is possible to develop into a real science tomorrow, it is only just beginning.At another time, human functions will be freed from the shackles of various old or outdated conventional stereotypes, and will be fully liberated in a new relationship.At that time, the strengths of sentient beings and the benefits of meritorious deeds will become the driving force for the advancement of society, and there will be no more conflicts.This situation is bound to happen, but like many other things, it is only possible after some wrong choices and new efforts!As far as the current situation is concerned, it is still groping!Some things are close to waste, there is nothing to do!One must find a way to waste wealth, and even more so to waste useful manpower.In addition to criticism and self-criticism on the issue of thought remolding discussed in the recent literature and art newspapers, we may also need to pay attention to some specific methods to inspire new emotions for the country that need to grow and grow!

I heard that all universities will merge in the summer vacation, and they are not in Yanda. I wonder if this is true?What have you learned?Regarding learning, once you leave Beijing, it is easier to see the problem, whether it is really meeting the needs of the society... You will believe that every subject teacher and every department staff must improve their learning so that they can meet the needs of the country tomorrow.Looking at some of the staff who came to Beijing, they still lack a deep understanding of the country. They are all working and do not understand what the land reform will affect the country. They all love the country and do not understand the future of the country and the past of the country. There are still some lovely things, I always feel a kind of fear and pain.Because these kinds of things are inconsistent with tomorrow's democratic trend and require a person who is the master, it is easy to cultivate two or three factors of the three antis in all work departments. The "three antis" movement refers to opposing corruption, waste and bureaucracy. Behavior. ... Judging from the phenomenon of corruption and waste in various sectors of society, the Three Antis Movement must be sustained so that the production and construction of the next year and the next year will not lose sight of one thing and lose another.This is still close to passive prevention. The fundamental problem is to have a deep love for the country, the people, and public wealth. From a political perspective, there is this love and this understanding.Having said that, literature and art can still do something about this issue, and it can achieve great and good results!But how to produce this kind of work depends on the writer's understanding of the country on the one hand, and the country's understanding of the writer on the other.

What is it like for children to learn?Longlong said that there is some winter exercise, but in fact, at their age, it is very useful to do light work in mines and factories during winter and summer vacations.Because even visiting a factory is an excellent political education!The industrialization of the country led by the proletariat and the mechanization of agriculture mentioned in the document, if political education can be combined with visual knowledge, the effect will be much greater.Junior high school students visiting the factory may increase their interest in learning mathematics and science, which is more effective than other lectures and exhibitions.Huhu wants to learn engineering and invent. In the future, there will be opportunities to reduce waste and increase production for the country when going to factories, because many factories in China are small and old-fashioned, especially in light industrial production. Thousands of young engineers and young workers who are willing to use their brains to work hard!When I come back this time, I hope to write some short stories first. If I can still write, I hope that I can also go to the factory to learn for a while.I hope to have the opportunity to continue to learn in this way, and I can be more specific when writing about new people and new things in the future.

Most of the comrades here, who teach, hope that the work can be completed within ten and a half months, so that they can return to Beijing before the semester ends.At the Zhongshan Park Concert Hall, Zhu Zaoguan once reported that at most it would not last four months.As it is said to be effective, we assume that it takes half a month for road transportation, and we can go to the county around February 10th.As for visiting Chengdu, I'm afraid we'll have to wait in the future.It's the first time I've had a cold here, and I'm very sad. I hope I don't have a nosebleed.There may still be pain between the ribs, and it is uncomfortable to wake up in the middle of the night.Walking has become much better from training. There are only two slopes in the distance of seven or eight miles, but as big as the slopes in Chenggong County, I have to go back once a week to hear the report from the township meeting.If you have to leave on the tenth, you can only live in this place for ten days at most.

And hello. From the third day of the first lunar month