Chapter 52 Lu Youqi
Whether a nobleman is a nobleman after all, the talent is straightforward and his eyes are clear.
Think of Tolstoy in Russia, Russell in England...
"Song History. Lu You Biography" says: "Lu You and Fan Chengda communicated with each other in writing, without adhering to etiquette." It can be seen that Lu You's profligacy in Chengdu, drinking too much, and swaggering through the market with young girls are inseparable from the connivance of his immediate boss Fan Chengda .Of the two great poets, Lu You was even more famous, and even Song Xiaozong called him "Little Li Bai".In a bustling place like Chengdu, does Xiao Li Bai not let go of his wanderings?
However, the problem arises.
Seeing that he was going to Jiazhou to become the official "mayor", he suddenly received a notice of punishment from the court: Lu You was "decadent in drinking swallows" and was not allowed to be the magistrate of Jiazhou, but was changed to "promotion of Taizhou Tongbai Taoist Temple".
According to the system of the Song Dynasty, promoting a certain Taoist temple was equivalent to receiving a salary.He doesn't need to go to Taizhou.
This incident hit Lu You a lot.He wrote a poem and said: "When the crime was serious, I heard the seal of the county, and I was lenient and allowed to lead the family mountain."
From then on, he called himself Lu Fangweng.Others called him that too.
He and Liu Yong of the Northern Song Dynasty became fellow travelers.One is "Liu Sanbian who wrote the lyrics according to the order", and the other is "Bless the title and Fang Weng".
But is it so?Who knows Lu You's inner pain?
From the majesty of Nanzheng to the decadence of Chengdu, there is an intrinsic connection between them.
Fan Chengda was promoted and went to Lin'an.Lu You stayed in Sichuan for another two years, roaming in eastern Sichuan, western Sichuan, and southern Sichuan, and still had the idea of living there.Chengdu, Jiazhou, and Meizhou are all under consideration.Decadent as before. "The old man is still arrogant at fifty, and Jincheng is dreaming of prosperity."
Wherever I go, I take the young girl Yang Shi who is like a flower with me.The gray temples are a perfect match with the youthful appearance.Madame has a "non-intervention policy" with him.It's not shy to have money in your pocket. There are many friends in official circles, and gifts are common.Li Bai was like this back then.
When ordinary people reach this state, they will wear down their will and gradually and unconsciously tend to become fleshy.Lu You did not.Nothing can wear him down.After entering Shu for seven or eight years, my heart has not changed at all.This "invariance" is worth studying.
When you are in the middle of the waves, your mind is always clear.
Why?Culture is the biggest support.
In traditional Chinese culture, the power of flexibility has a long history.
Let's see how Lu You is sober-minded: her husband was not born in vain, and he intended to destroy captives and collect rivers and mountains.Unexpectedly, rubbing against the pedal is not satisfactory, and Liang Yi withered his beauty in eight years...
Right now it is Xiaoyangchun in mid-October. I watch the TV news and see "soft power" as a key word in the strategy of governing the country. I am really gratified from the bottom of my heart.How much our nation needs such wisdom.
In any state, Lu You's patriotic will is indestructible.
The famous "Golden Cuo Dao Xing" was written at this time.
Dressed in gold and white jade, it shines through the windows at night.The husband has not accomplished fifty meritorious deeds, so he takes care of Bahuang on his own with a knife.Jinghua makes friends with all kinds of strange people, and lives and dies together with each other.The thousand-year-old history is shameless, and he is loyal to the emperor.You come to join the army in Tianhanbin, and Nanshan Xiaoxueyu is rugged.Alas, even though three households from Chu could perish from Qin, how can there be no one in China!
Lu You in the prosperous Shu land has a habitual action: unfolding the military map of Dasanguan that he carefully kept, until his eyes are dim and the rooster sings.In sleep and dream, General Lu swept Jin Bing like a mat...
Under an edict, Lu You bid farewell to Sichuan.
He was already in his fifties. Emperor Xiaozong punished him, let him go for two years, and reused him again, and asked him to promote the tea and salt official in Changping, Fujian.He is no stranger to economic work.The whole family went south, leaving Lu You's second hometown.After going out of the Three Gorges and passing through Jingxiang, he wrote a poem with splashed ink: "The infinite river is connected to the sky, and the sea breeze blows the moon."
The boldness of the pen is not called Xiao Li Bai in vain, right?
In the following years, he moved to Fujian, Jiangxi, and Hunan as officials.Xiaozong summoned him alone more than once and listened to him talk about military affairs and internal affairs.He was transferred to the central government to work, from the official to the doctor of the Ministry of Rites, and the fourth-rank official of the imperial court.Fan Chengda and Zhou Bida served successively as prime ministers, and they are old friends of Lu You.Of course, Chaoyan has always been complicated, and Lu You is also depressed and has ups and downs.The only constant is Yue Fei's ambition to clean up the old mountains and rivers.He was very excited when there was any movement of the Northern Expedition in the court, and he read military books all night.
At the age of sixty-two, he deleted poems.Of the 18,000 poems written before the age of forty-two, only 900 have been deleted.It can be seen how harsh he is on art.
This venerable old man, how true he is!
Song Gaozong Zhao Gou died in Deoksugung Palace, Lu You remained silent without writing a word.Later Xiaozong died, and he wrote three mourning poems.
These subtleties have witnessed Lu You's great conduct.
Xiaozong abdicated and Guangzong took the stage.This person turned out to be a model of internal fear: his wife was the daughter of the Taiwei, the father and daughter were fierce, and Guangzong was frightened into a schizophrenic...
The small imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty was getting farther and farther away from the northern homeland.
Lu You lived in Shaoxing for twenty years from the age of sixty-five to eighty-five.
My home is on the north shore of Jianhu Lake.Xishan Village is in sight again.
"Tobacco in the small garden is next to the neighbor's house, and the sang zhe is slanting. I lie down and read Tao's poem before the end, and take advantage of the light rain to hoe melons."
Lu You went to the fields to do farm work, not at all reluctant.
Didn't the great Tolstoy mow the autumn grass in his farm every month, from morning to dusk?
Lu You received some pensions and collected some land rent, and his financial situation was far worse than that of Tuo Weng.
"Going through the crisis and singing madly, Fu Gengsang is the only one in the dying years. The weather changes in spring and autumn, and Canyue people are busy everywhere."
Among the fields and villages, the figures of Yuanming, Dongpo, and Cen Shen appear and disappear from time to time.
When the old man put down the farm tools to rest, he had a habitual action: staring north.
The people in the north, still under the iron hooves of the invaders, are looking forward to the king's northern expedition day and night: "The survivors are weeping in the dust, looking south to the king for another year."
After Lu You's seventieth birthday, he slowly walked towards eighty.
These years, the old man has been tough in the countryside.He plants mulberry, raises silkworms, grows vegetables, medicinal materials, flax, brews wine, makes sauce...he enjoys it every year.Riding donkeys with medicine boxes on their backs and visiting villages and households, they don’t charge money for medical treatment, just eat a meal.Isn't that what the old Dongpo did when he demoted Huangzhou and Huizhou?Lu You said: "How can I be a living person? You must have this intention." Ordinary words, resonant.
There are thousands of volumes of books in the family, and there is no shortage of medical books.
His medical skills are good, and his medical ethics are even more noble.
Today's traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine should follow the medical ethics of Dongpo and Lu You.
One of the five poems "Mountain Village Classics Applying Medicines Because of Traveling" says: "Every time the donkey shoulders carry a medicine bag, the village alleys line the road with joy. They say that they have always lived for me, and most of their children are named after Lu." Lu You wrote this poem , exactly eighty years old.It seems that he saved a lot of people, and the villagers let the newborns follow his surname Lu.
The old man does not put down the scroll every day.A friend described his "book nest":
Lu Wuguan made a book nest to live in, eat and drink, live, and suffer from illnesses and groans, all of which are not without books.Every time I want to get up, the book is surrounded by left and right, and I can't do it.Introduce the objective, the object cannot enter; once entered, cannot exit.laughing with each other...
In fact, there is another detail: Lu You eats pine powder while reading in the book nest.
It's good to meet and laugh.To maintain the ability to laugh!A lifetime of humor.
Lu You's study is called "Lao Xue'an".
People today talk about short-term practicality in reading. In Sichuan dialect, it is called "seeing the rice immediately."This utilitarian mentality is not good, is it?If things go on like this, the national quality will be difficult to deal with.Lu You is Lu You, step by step for more than 80 years.Life does not avoid hardships, only then can there be deep happiness to come face to face.But blindly looking around for quick success and instant benefits strictly corresponds to the superficial existence like animals.
This is the iron law.
Lu You wrote "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty", whose historical value is recognized by the world.Then continue to write "Lao Xue'an Notes", recording what I have seen, heard, and thought in the past seventy years...
He was once involved in a public opinion turmoil about writing "The Story of the South Garden" for Han Tuozhou, who had power all over the world, and some people even accused him of being a follower of power.This argument is obviously biased.At that time, many people defended Lu You.Han is the main fighter, and Lu You has always had a good relationship with him.Han Li Xinyuan, please write down Lu You, Lu You will do it in one go, the matter is as simple as that.Even if Lu You paved the way for a large number of children and grandchildren in his later years, wouldn't it be reasonable?
There is an important detail: Xin Qiji was the Xuanfu envoy of eastern Zhejiang, and he also knew Shaoxing Mansion. He visited Lu You many times and talked very well.Xin Qiji couldn't bear to see the old man's dilapidated house, so he proposed several times to rebuild the old man's house.Lu You refused.The shabby room remains the same.
Lu You seldom goes to Shaoxing City.It's not that I can't walk.
Tang Wan.Shen Yuan.
Tang Wan is called a beauty.Sixty years of slim.Eight hundred years is tactful and moving.
The flowers in Shenjiayuan are like brocades, half of which are the old man who knew how to let go.I also believe that the beauty will eventually become soil, and I can't bear Youmeng too hastily!
The setting sun on the city draws sorrow at the corners, and the Shenyuan is not a restoration of the old pool.The spring green under the sad bridge was once a shadow of Jinghong.
What Lu You left us is the eternal swan song of missing lovers.
Last but not least, he waved to his Central Plains. "Shower":
"When a person dies, he knows that everything is empty, but he is sad and sees the Kyushu. Wang Shibei set the Central Plains Day, and there is no hope for family sacrifices to tell Nai Weng."
Two Lu You become one: Lu You who loves Tang Wan, and Lu You who misses the Northland.
Chinese history, Chinese literature history, the figure of Lu You is particularly clear, why?Because he is patriotic.Since the Han Dynasty, the tragedy of the Han nationality being invaded by foreign races has been repeated again and again. The national hero has been admired, and Lu You is among them.His poems have a huge and lasting spiritual appeal to future generations.The number one patriotic poet is none other than Lu You.And we already know that Lu You's patriotic feelings are very pure, without any artificial elements.Childhood experience is very crucial. There are so many people with lofty ideals who beat their chests and feet in his family. Patriotism has penetrated into his bones.Other great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, such as Zeng Ji, Yang Wanli, and Fan Chengda, also loved the country and hated the invaders, but they were not as devoted as Lu You.Love and hate made Lu You.Two kinds of hatred: hating the enemy and hating the treacherous officials.
When he was seventeen, Yue Fei died; at the age of twenty-nine, he was dethroned by Qin Hui in the Lin'an Palace Examination.
There is also a great hatred: Tang Wan died because of his "Phoenix Hairpin".
All these loves and hates cast our great poets.
He lives seriously.This is called sword gall and piano heart.It is not accidental that I am so deeply attached to my homeland and my deceased wife.He has gone through a long life journey bit by bit, and he can be called a model of "deep survival".
Reading Lu You, it should be able to heal the commonplace smiley face now, right?
Shaoxing is quite a strange place. Xie An, Wang Xizhi, Lu You, Xu Wei, Lu Xun, Cai Yuanpei, and the "Heroine of Jianhu" Qiu Jin are all from Shaoxing.Zhou Enlai's ancestral home is also in Shaoxing.Today, Shaoxing has many cultural relics and historic sites, ranking first among prefecture-level cities in the country.The mountains and rivers, the willows and bridges painted with smoke and willows, and the culture and chivalry, nourish the children of Shaoxing at the same time.Lu You stayed in Shaoxing for half a century, pushing his literary talent and chivalry to the peak.
When the author wandered in Shenyuan in the drizzle in March, I thought about this place where great men and giants were born for a long time.
Jianhu Lake is sparkling, and Lu You's thin and vigorous figure is flickering.
A question mark was thrown in the air: Is Lu You's nostalgia for the Northern Song Dynasty strengthened by "cultural memory"?
The Northern Song Dynasty was the heyday of Chinese culture.The century-old advocacy of the royal family, the popularity of printing, and the cultural awareness of scholars made the various schools of thought, poetry, calligraphy and painting of the Han, Jin and Tang "appear" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and gave birth to several masters.Such a country was defeated by the Jurchen clan who only knew how to ride and shoot.The people suffered and the culture was humiliated.Generations of scholars in the Lu family have a rich collection of books known as Shilin, and their cultural memory is rich and clear.Lu You's pain of losing his country must contain the shame and humiliation of civilization losing to barbarism.In his later years, he wrote "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty", which is close to Li Yu's desolate state of mind.This "cultural pain" was not only manifested in Lu You, but also in other scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Pain is motivating.The culture of the Southern Song Dynasty reached its peak again, reflecting the Northern Song Dynasty.
The big sword of the invaders can destroy the city, but it cannot level the peaks of culture.
Poetry cannot be killed with a gun.
With this idea, we may be able to understand: why the culture of the Southern Song Dynasty presents a magnificent situation.
Northern Song and Southern Song, the context runs through.
The poets of the Southern Song Dynasty were full of anger, but they did not write slogan poems.Poetic, poetic, self-sufficient and self-respecting.
Looking back at the "Jiangxi School of Poetry" that has been criticized by scholars today, it should be able to add a bit of respect, right?The national crisis is at the forefront, but poets do what they should do, and devote themselves to exploring the laws of art.Huang Tingjian, the ancestor of the Jiangxi School, had the "ancestral precepts": Yu Chang said to all his disciples that a scholar is born in the world and can do a lot of things, but he must not be vulgar, and vulgarity cannot be cured.Or asked about the appearance of good, Yu said: "It's hard to say."He regards his ordinary life as indistinguishable from ordinary people, and he can't be taken away when he comes to the big festival. This is not ordinary people.
Huang Tingjian's words are very meaningful.It is a good person to be invincible when it comes to the big festival.The culture of the country is broken, and the heart of poetry is indestructible.
Yang Wanli was good at landscape poetry, and his observation of nature was so delicate that Jiang Kui joked to him: "Everywhere in the mountains and rivers, I am afraid of seeing the king." , Drive future generations.Fan Chengda, a native of Suzhou, is a high-ranking official with fresh poetry.When he was handsome in Shu, he also created a good creative environment for Lu You.
Lu You received strict training from the Jiangxi School of Poetry in his early years, and "obtained the mystery from the middle of the night", which had a lot to do with his future growth as a great poet.
Lu You's Qilu is very good, let's enjoy two more famous pieces.
"The First Spring Rain in Lin'an": "The taste of the world is as thin as gauze over the years, who will let the horses go to Jinghua? The small building listens to the spring rain all night, and the Ming Dynasty sells apricot flowers in the deep alley. The short paper is slanted to make grass, and the clear window is fine. Don't let the wind and dust sigh in plain clothes, it's still possible to get home in Qingming."
The poem was written in 1186, when Lu You was sixty-one years old, he went to Hangzhou alone on horseback, and then returned to Shaoxing. After the Qingming Festival, he went to Yanzhou for an official career.This poem brings out his figure of being an official for 30 years and traveling hundreds of thousands of miles.
"Growing Vegetables": "What is there to say when you grow old, except to turn over the book and irrigate the garden. Move vegetables everywhere to take advantage of the light rain, and pick up gravel from time to time around the decadent garden. The roots of Jiangxiang are always luxuriant, and the insects grow leaves in drought years. Four. The more empty the wall is, the closer the Winter Festival is, and it urges the children to herd chickens and dolphins."
The poem was written in 1195, when Lu You was seventy years old.The first sentence expresses emotion: I am old, what else can I say?I have said so much in my life, thought so much... I am silent here.Either stay in the book nest, or carry a hoe to the fields.The following few couplets of poems and language are flat-talking, and they have deep charm.
This plainness highlights all the impassionedness of the poet——Lu Fangweng's life, how many glory and dreams, wildness and loneliness, joy and bitterness.In the end, time collects everything: a life of ups and downs, turned into a childish child herding chickens and pigs at the end of autumn.
2007.11.5. Second draft in Wangyanzhai, Meishan