Chapter 46 Lu Youyi

Lu You was born on a boat in the middle of the Huaihe River. This is quite a metaphor: the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty happened to be bounded by the Huai River.The Central Plains fell, and the Huai River witnessed the humiliation.Lu You was born on a precarious autumn day in the 1220s, when the vast Huai River was surging with white waves, weeping the great pain of the Chinese nation.The iron hoofs of the Jurchen tribe were overturned, and the Zhao and Song courts moved southward in a hurry, losing a large area of ​​land and mountains, and settled in Lin'an (Hangzhou) in the south of the Yangtze River.

Lu You seemed destined to bear this shame. The poet's feelings are long-lasting and profound. He lived to be eighty-five years old, and from the day he fell to the ground until he was dying, he was haunted by the pain of hurting the country like fate.He wrote 20,000 poems in his life.Use wine to drown your sorrows and worry even more. He is a sad singer in the Southern Song Dynasty, who also writes poems in his dreams.And his sword hangs on the wall, he draws his sword and dances in the courtyard, with the sword peak pointing north. whoosh whoosh... It's a pity that Kong has sword skills.

Lu You killed fierce tigers in Nanzheng Tingge, but failed to fulfill his lifelong ambitions, "Get on the horse and beat the wild tiger." Traveling hundreds of thousands of miles for decades, writing poems every day.He was called "Little Li Bai" and later learned from Du Fu.The pen and the sword are both unique.Poetry frustrating.His calligraphy also gives people the feeling of flying sand and walking stones. Sad people really don't have arms. Tang Wan.This name is another pain in Lu You's heart, which cannot be relieved in sixty years.A childhood sweetheart, with blue hair and a beauty, but she ended up in a lonely grave and the green mound faces the dusk...

How can I bear the two major pains! So let the waves go, indulge the landscape, laugh or cry loudly. Too much depression, how not to let go? The word Lu Fangweng is more widely spread than his real name. He is from Shaoxing, which was called Shanyin at that time.I wandered in Shenyuan in the drizzle of March, imagining Lu You riding a donkey into Shu with a sword.Suddenly, I feel the rain blowing on my face, and a ray of love breaks through the rain and mist: "Red crispy hands, yellow vine wine, the city is full of spring and willows on the palace walls..." There are two Lu You: one never forgets the Northern Song Dynasty, and the other remembers Tang Wan all the time.

The name Lu You is inseparable from patriotism, so it is necessary to first look at his background. How did the Northern Song Dynasty become the Southern Song Dynasty? This is due to Song Huizong and Cai Jing. Of the nine emperors in the Northern Song Dynasty, Huizong was the most incompetent, and he was too good at playing.He is a typical romantic emperor and a prodigal son. He tried his best to have fun inside and outside the palace.Prostitution, homosexuality, he is a master.He played with his ministers, and imitated Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to ride on the ministers' backs, causing outrageous disturbances. The solemn court hall was like a juggling "Goulan" in the market.The ministers all imitated him, scrambling to be the first to laugh.He pretended to be a beggar in the palace, provoking court ladies for excitement; he climbed over the palace wall in the middle of the night, and had a tryst with Li Shishi, a famous Bianliang prostitute. Accumulated considerable wealth, Song Zhezong spent eight years, Song Huizong squandered 27 years.Huizong was also good at accumulating money among the people, and created a lot of ghost ideas.

Huizong was a great calligrapher. He created the charming and elegant thin gold body, and the calligraphy and painting on the round fan are particularly outstanding.Huizong is also a master of painting. Cai Jing, a treacherous official, was one of the four great calligraphers of the Song Dynasty, and often competed with Huizong.It seems that words like "the heart is regular and the characters are correct" cannot be believed.Literary giants are all gentlemen, but masters of calligraphy and painting may not be.This interesting historical phenomenon is worth exploring in depth. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Huizong, who was in his forties, was busy with corruption, and the government paid Cai Jing.Cai Jing is seventy-nine years old, deaf and dizzy, and can't hold a writing brush steadily, so he simply handed over the power to his three sons.His family successively gave birth to a group of high-ranking ministers, who dominated the capital. The mansion occupied an area of ​​several tens of miles, and even expanded it. Thousands of private houses were forcibly demolished at one time.Father and son control the government, and the villain cultivates the villain: Tong Guan, the eunuch who is known as the "eunuch" (eunuch prime minister), and Li Bangyan, the "prodigal prime minister" who rose to high positions by composing ditties and speaking slang.And Gao Qiu, who played football, became a captain and bullied heroes.Some people couldn't understand that Huizong actually said, "Do you have such good hands and feet as Gao Qiu?"

Li Bangyan, the prodigal son, also quickly took up the kick, and he practiced all the skills of the ball, openly clamoring: "Play all the world's balls, enjoy all the world's flowers, and be all the world's officials!" The ruling group is insane. The folk song of the capital roared: "Break the tube (Tong Guan) and sprinkle vegetables (Cai Jing) on ​​it, and it will be a cool and good world!" In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a relatively complete system of restricting imperial power. Zhongshu refuted imperial edicts, and Taiwan admonished and attacked courtiers, but Song Huizong changed his methods to get rid of them.Cai Jing can be called his good partner.Monarchs and ministers play the Song Dynasty in the palm of their hands.

Absolute feudal power leads to absolute corruption.And absolute corruption is a run to the grave. The rulers of the Jurchen clan watched and watched.Like a behemoth bird of prey waiting for its moment. Jurchen was a nomadic people in the Heilongjiang River Basin, ruled by the Northern Liao Dynasty.A long-term clan society with strict hierarchy and strong fighting power. Men can hunt tigers and leopards, and women can also practice martial arts.One of them, the Wanyan clan, became more and more powerful, established the country as gold, and fought against the Yelu Dashi of the Liao Dynasty.

From the Northern Song Dynasty to the late Huizong Dynasty, it has been more than 150 years, and the Jin Dynasty has only been ten years. Civilization is sick.The Jurchen clan has a certain primitive simplicity and can gather strength in a short period of time. Song and Jin teamed up to defeat the common enemy Beiliao, and Song Ting recovered the six prefectures of Yanjing.Huizong was very proud, thinking that he had completed Song Taizong's uncompetitive career.Song Taizong once signed the "Chanyuan Alliance" with the Liao people, leaving the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun, and the subsequent emperors have always been brooding.Huizong held a large number of celebration activities, but the Jinren were planning to eat this bigger piece of fat.

On October 7th in the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125), Jin soldiers attacked the Northern Song Dynasty.Quickly took Yanjing and marched into Taiyuan. The imperial court was shaken, and all the officials turned pale.Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty ordered: "It is not allowed to talk about side matters." On October 17th, Lu Yousheng.It was a day of heavy wind and rain on the Huai River. In December, the Jin soldiers who marched in two routes converged under the city of Bianliang.Huizong hurriedly dismissed the pick and became the Supreme Emperor.Prince Zhao Heng succeeded to the throne as Song Qinzong.Changed to Yuan Jingkang.

The Jin soldiers stormed Bianliang, but it was not smooth.The "two emperors" in the capital were so frightened that they wanted to cede land for peace.Under the leadership of a hero named Chen Dong (student leader), thousands of students gathered 100,000 people, ran and shouted, threw stones and danced sticks, and beat the prodigal prime minister Li Bangyan and his lackeys. Due to the situation, Qinzong demoted Cai Jing, Tong Guan and others from the capital. The old thief Cai Jing died before he even arrived at the demolition office, and no one collected his body for five days.His son didn't fare well either.The Cai family suffered a crushing defeat.However, the calligraphy of Cai Jing and Cai Bian has been handed down to this day.Bad guys and good characters can be discussed separately.Tong Guan was given to death by poisoned wine. In the first year of Jingkang's reign, the petition movement of Tai students aroused the awe of the people all over the world.Yue Fei was in his early twenties at the time.Lu You was in the cradle.Xin Qiji was not yet born. However, the imperial court settled accounts after autumn and arrested dozens of Tai students to show their heads to the public.At the same time, Chen Dongxu was recruited to take an official position, disintegrating the majority.Officials believe that Chen Dong took the lead in making troubles, nothing more than "making troubles and being good will lead to official posts."But Chen Dong sternly refused, and was later killed by Song Gaozong. His forty-two-year-old staunch body was chopped into two pieces by the executioner. The Jin army continued to storm Kaifeng City. There are 200,000 defenders in the city, and their strength has a clear advantage.However, the two emperors Hui and Qin started a battle for imperial power.The court ministers have their own ghosts.The heads of various departments are mostly cronies recruited by Cai Jing and Tong Guan.There are endless quarrels about major national affairs, endless meetings, and endless bullshit.Jin Jun laughed and said: "Your family's discussion is pending, and I have crossed the river (moat)." At the end of the year, the city was broken. The Jin army's iron cavalry entered Bianliang, burned, killed and looted, and raped women.Thousands of girls, young women, and old women committed suicide by throwing themselves into the Bian River.The price of rice skyrocketed, rats sold at high prices, and the bark was eaten up.People eat the living and the dead.Later, the Jin army crossed the Huai River, and horses rode in Yangzhou and Hangzhou. There were also tragic scenes of cannibalism in the land of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River: "The price of human flesh is lower than that of dogs and porpoises." The corruption of the ruling group ruined the great rivers and mountains. From this point of view, "A Riverside Scene During the Qingming Festival" and "Tokyo Dreams" show that the prosperity is an illusion after all, and it is not worth talking about today's scholars.If Wang Anshi and Sima Guang can live to the Huizong Dynasty, how can they be allowed to pretend to be prosperous and sing high-profile! In April of the second year of Jingkang, the Jin people established a puppet emperor Zhang Bangchang in Bianliang, and led tens of thousands of captives to retreat northward.The captives included the two emperors of Hui and Qin, princes and ministers, concubines, court ladies, civilian women, advocates, soldiers and various skilled craftsmen.There are also countless gold, silver, jewelry, and cultural relics.The chariots and horses left the city for three days and three nights. Barbarism has robbed civilization. The concubines and maids were harassed and raped by Jin Zu along the way.When a woman falls behind or urinates in the grass by the side of the road, gold soldiers rush forward.Gang-raped until the dead, thrown into the wilderness... How many people firmly remember the "Jingkang Shame"—— "Furious, resting against the railing. Looking up, looking up to the sky and screaming, full of excitement..." In the long line of captives, there was a tall, thin man who walked bent over and looked around. He was known as "Qin Changjiao", and later he transformed into a prime minister.His name is Qin Hui. In May of the second year of Jingkang, Zhao Gou, king of Kang, announced his successor to the throne in Yingtianfu (Shangqiu, Henan). He was named Song Gaozong and changed to Yuan Jianyan.Soon after he ascended the throne, he fled all the way south. Gaozong and Qin Hui will be discussed later.Lu You's fate is closely linked with these two. A few years later, the small imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty gained a firm foothold in Lin'an.Changing Hangzhou to Lin'an means a temporary comfort zone.Changed to Shaoxing. ——The place name of Shaoxing comes from this.Shao, the beginning also.Xing, ZTE.Judging from these names in the early Southern Song Dynasty, it seems that the emperor will eventually return to Bianjing, where the tombs of the ancestors are located.But in fact, there is fraud in it.The emperor's imperial technique has always been about playing with public opinion. Lu You's father, Lu Zai, was the deputy transfer envoy of Jingxi Road at that time, in charge of logistics.During the war, the whole family scattered in the south, and Lu You was under one year old.He later wrote a poem saying: I was a toddler when I was born, and I was tired of running around in the Central Plains.At night by the Huai River, I hear the neighing of thieves and horses, Jump away and wait for the rooster... Woohoo, the whole family is ready for chaos, whoever does this would rather not be heaven! There are as many as 100 members of the Lu family.Lu You has two older brothers.His mother, the Tang family, was the granddaughter of Tang Jie, the prime minister of Song Shenzong.Both Lu and Tang belong to the bureaucratic family with a prosperous population.Before giving birth, Tang had a dream of Qin Guan. Because Qin Guan's character was less popular, she discussed with her husband and named her son Lu You, with the character Wu Guan.With the Tang family in his thirties, it is impossible to have any impression of Qin Guan who died in Huizong's early years.She is obsessed with Qin Guan's poems.Lu Zai was a well-known scholar and poet at that time. He had a rich collection of books and was heard among scholars. The Lu family will retreat to Shanyin.Hiding day and night, the thieves and horses are frightened.In addition to carrying valuable belongings, he also brought a lot of books.One can imagine the embarrassment all the way.In the first year of Jingkang, Bianliang had not yet fallen.Lu Zai's move to the south seems to be far-sighted.It is important to keep the family safe.A year later, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty "crossed the river on a mud horse" and fled south in a hurry. Hundreds of thousands of ordinary people in the Central Plains followed behind him, crying and fighting for land. Arriving at Shanyin, Lu Zai breathed a sigh of relief. His official career was not smooth, and he asked to be "promoted to a temple" before the age of forty, which was tantamount to being a temple committee member and retiring with half salary.He rebuilt a house in the south of the city, calling it a villa. He read with the breeze and moon, wrote "Chunqiu Houzhuan Supplement", and educated his children at the same time. Lu You's childhood was filled with the fragrance of books. This is generally the case in the families of scholar-bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty. "Song History" said that Lu You was "twelve years old and capable of poetry and prose." Lu You later narrated: "When I was thirteen or fourteen years old... I occasionally saw Yuanming's poems on the rattan bed, and I was happy to understand them because I read them. At night and day, my family eats and eats, and I enjoy reading poems. At night, when I die, I don't eat. .Thinking about it now is like what happened a few days ago.” The young Lu You read Tao Yuanming and became obsessed with it.He didn't say how long he had been fascinated, probably for a while.After two years, I became obsessed with Wang Wei and Cen Shen again.Just like today's children are addicted to computer games.The difference is that words open up the world, while computers shrink the world.Internet addiction is like card addiction, children and adults are all sucked in by small "addictions" until their lives are sucked out.There is an essential difference between holding a scroll and staring at a computer at a poker table.This is a big question of right and wrong. Whoever ignores it today will pay the price of the quality of life. The richness endowed by thousands of years of civilization is hard to comprehend without reading. This kind of richness, I hope it will not be overwhelmed by "modernity". As far as the realm of spiritual expansion is concerned, there are not as many people today as in Tang and Song Dynasties.This is related to the proliferation of material desires in the short term.And we look forward to the long run.