Chapter 26 Tao Yuanming Eleven

Written by Yuanming at the age of fifty-eight, the word Taohuayuan is known to all women and children, and there are conjunctions on the computer.It is China's utopia, an ideal harmonious society. "In the Taiyuan period of the Jin Dynasty, people in Wuling (now in Changde, Hunan Province) fished for a living. They walked along the stream, forgetting the distance of the road. Suddenly, they came across a peach blossom forest, with hundreds of steps between the banks. There were no miscellaneous trees in the middle, and the grass was delicious." Two years ago (419 A.D.) when the Jin and Song Dynasties changed, Liu Yu proclaimed himself emperor, and Yuanming still used the Eastern Jin Dynasty to record the year, which showed his attitude towards the "new dynasty".Liu Yu forced Emperor Gong of Jin to death, first with poisoned wine and then with bedding.Yuanming was angry and wrote "Shujiu" to insinuate, which is the most obscure poem in his life.Liu Yu's subordinates are like wolves and tigers, the politics is dark, and the common people suffer.Yuan Ming's description of an ideal society is like a tramp imagining thousands of mansions.At this time he fell into poverty, drank alcohol, and even starved.

In the Taohuayuan, there is a thriving faction. "The land is flat and open, the houses are like houses, there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry and bamboo...the traffic in the fields, the chickens and dogs hear each other...the men and women are dressed like outsiders. They have yellow hair hanging in a bun, and they are happy. Seeing the fisherman, I am shocked. " As if: tidy.Yellow hair: brown hair, refers to the elderly.Hanging bun: The hair that hangs down, indicating that there is not yet a total horn - the two small braids that are combed into a teenager are called a total horn.Hanging bun refers to young children.

A fisherman, who is used to troubled times, suddenly walks into a harmonious society, seeing happy elderly and children in different clothes, both of them are surprised. Peach Blossom Spring is not a fiction, but Yuan Ming heard it, and the description is a bit idealized.He is realistic and expresses a strong yearning.Ancient literati have been looking for immortals since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and Li Bai is the best.When I came to Su Dongpo, I didn't look for immortals anymore, I just hoped to live a long life.Tao Qian was an exception. He opposed immortals and even refuted Peng Zu's longevity technique.His ideal is a life like a peach blossom garden, the folk customs are as simple as in ancient times, there is no oppression, of course there is no resistance, and men, women and children have their own place.Wang Anshi, a great reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, said: There are fathers and sons in Taohuayuan, but there are no monarchs and ministers.This shows that in Tao Yuanming's utopia, hierarchy exists, but it is not as strict as Confucianism: the so-called three cardinal principles and five constant principles.The ruler guides his ministers, the father guides his son, the husband guides his wife...

The prosperity of the natural world, Yuan Ming is the witness and revealer.What about the prosperity of society?The sun, rain, dew, and seedlings are strong, and the warlords have many bones in battle. There is a unique world in the Peach Blossom Spring: fishermen are treated with great hospitality, and this family invites that family.All the people in the village came, full of curiosity about the fisherman.And their ancestors hid in Taohuayuan hundreds of years ago to avoid the chaos of the Qin Dynasty. "When I ask what is the current age, I don't know that there is Han, regardless of Wei and Jin."

Chen Yinke, a master of Chinese studies, has done a detailed textual research on the materials taken.There is no doubt that Yuanming is realistic. Today's film and television dramas often have this kind of scene: the officers and soldiers are coming, and the common people are fleeing.Thousands of years of feudal history, the army is not the people's army, and the government is not the people's government.The imperial power is prominent everywhere, and the people are pitiful everywhere, which is not much better than the slave society.Occasionally, an upright official walked out of the yamen, and the common people kowtowed in gratitude.In social life, the share of power is too large, and it is difficult for the spirit of freedom to grow.From generation to generation, liberty has faded and intellectuals have been hard to identify.On the other hand, in the West, power has finally revealed its opposite after countless tossings. This different thing is freedom.The group has the power of the group, and the individual has the dignity of the individual.But the common people in ancient China didn't have much dignity. They either lived and had fun secretly, or hid in the peach blossom garden and barely became free people.Reluctantly, because this freedom and equality are very fragile.

China has a vast territory, separated by mountains and rivers, self-sufficient in the farming era, and a happy village like a peach blossom garden is entirely possible.The emperor's big hand is pressed down, and there will be omissions between the fingers.Yuanming-style utopia, like a big fish slipping through the net, has been alive and kicking for thousands of years, and has attracted great attention from scholars and reformers.It is not difficult to imagine that the emperors of all dynasties must not like it. "Under the whole world, is it the land of the king?" Tao Yuanming's small village doesn't even have a village chief. Isn't this trying to rebel?

In Chinese feudal history, Taohuayuan is an anomaly.It is a pity that it is only a work of art and an academic object, and there is no room for growth and development in life. Yuan Ming described the Peach Blossom Spring affectionately, but he himself fell into a difficult situation. One year, during the Double Ninth Festival, he stopped drinking. "Song Book" said: "Taste that there is no wine on September 9th, and sit for a long time in the chrysanthemum bushes by the house, and the wine will be delivered by Hong Hong. Even if you drink, you will return after getting drunk." , indicating that he usually doesn't touch his lips every now and then.He thinks about wine so much that he writes poems with wine... This time, the person who gave the wine was Wang Hong, the governor of Jiangzhou.This man is not a bad official, and he has a clear distinction between public and private. Yuan Ming has no psychological barriers when drinking his wine.Yuanming waited in the chrysanthemum for a long time, and Wang Hong arrived late, probably because of the news.Commoners and officials interacted on an equal footing. Sometimes two governors came to accompany an old farmer, and the conversation was very speculative.But once, another eunuch came over on the way, displeased with Yuanming's presence, and squinted at him.The prefect's name was Xie Zhan, and he recorded this rare gathering of four afterwards, deleting Tao Yuanming.The surname Xie is also a literati, and there are several crooked poems by him in "Wen Xuan".He felt almost ashamed to drink at the same table with Tao Yuanming as a majestic eunuch.

Yuanming is no stranger to these things. The support of officials is limited: honest officials have little money.Yuanming didn't cry for poverty, didn't knock on the door, and didn't write the kind of cover letter that Li Bai wrote to Han Jingzhou.Officials are frequently transferred, and it is impossible to take care of him often.Besides, he has a stubborn temper and is strict in choosing friends, so the officials are afraid to invite him not to move.At that time, great monk Huiyuan was sought after by officials and monks. If he was invited to write a book, he would not go if he did not go.Those who are officials must first be friends, such as Wang Hong.

Once Wang Hong invited him to Lushan Mountain for a drink. He went there barefoot, and his big feet were covered with mud.Wang Hong wanted to make some pairs of shoes for him, so he sat on the ground and raised his feet to let the other party measure the size.In order to respect Lord Inspector, he ran to the stream to wash his feet.A man in his fifties jumps up and down with agility.He is famous even though he is not an official, and the people present cheered for him.He didn't sit in the sedan chair, but couldn't withstand the persuasion of everyone, so he lifted his legs up.The bamboo sedan chair is among the green mountains and green waters, and the bearers sing folk songs.He flickered, strangely comfortable.He would think: It's good to be an official, and you can sit in a sedan chair as an official... But in a blink of an eye, his thoughts melted into a few static clouds in the blue sky.Wang Hong's banquets are ostentatious, which is also a common practice in official circles.All the guests are well-dressed, with serious expressions.Only Tao Yuanming, with bare feet, short clothes, and white turban, talked casually and laughed loudly, echoing in the valley.He drank so much that Wang Cishi's staff were all dumbfounded.Ouyang Xiu, who wrote "The Drunkard's Pavilion" in the Northern Song Dynasty, really admired him.The dishes are too rich, Yuan Ming wants to pack them and take them home for his wife and son to satisfy their cravings.After drinking, Wang Hong uttered the truth: he is running out of time in Jiangzhou, and his successor may be someone named Tan Daoji, Yuan Ming may not like it.Yuanming said: "Don't worry about him."