Chapter 31 Chapter 5 Modern and ancient tea utensils and tea drinking fashion-1

1. The earliest tea set recorded in ancient literature China is the hometown of tea, the first country in the world to discover tea, drink tea and create a unique and elegant tea drinking culture of the Sinochem nation.my country's tea and ceramics are famous all over the world for their long history.According to the research of ceramic experts and scholars: "The appearance of pottery can be traced back to the primitive society 10,000 years ago, and the discovery of ceramics has a history of nearly 4,000 years." Quoted from "Chinese Ceramics" by Li Zhiyan, "An Overview of Ancient Chinese Ceramics" It can be seen from this article that the time when the ancient ancestors successfully tried firing ceramics and discovering the use value of tea was similar.The elegant tea culture and the splendid pottery culture have naturally found their matching time in the long river of historical development.Therefore, tea utensils and tea sets constituted a part of the ancient tea drinking culture.

High-quality tea is to add its own infinite charm with the help of exquisite utensils; while the evolution and development of tea drinking culture and people's continuous exploration and pursuit of the artistic beauty of tea drinking have increased their value more and more. Since tea utensils and tea sets are part of tea drinking culture, under normal circumstances, they should first appear in tea books or tea-chanting literary works.But people were surprised to find that the first time the word "tea set" appeared in ancient documents was in the "Tong Yue" written by Wang Bao of the Western Han Dynasty. "Tongyue" was written in 59 BC, the third year of Shenjue, Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty, and has a history of more than 2,000 years.This is the most important document in the history of Chinese tea science and tea culture before the publication of Tang Luyu's "Tea Classic" 800 years ago. "Children's Covenant" is a game text, about a shrewd and somewhat harsh protagonist, who makes specific and detailed regulations in the form of a contract for the daily work and duties of his "almighty" servant.It is as small as pulling garlic in the garden; it is as large as cutting trees; it is as small as buying powder to prevent theft and arrest adultery.The article is full of wit and wit, which is really a quick read.However, in many tea books and tea articles, only two sentences related to tea affairs are often extracted, and the rest are not recorded. In order to make it easier for readers to understand the relationship between other things mentioned in "Tongyue" and tea affairs, it is advisable to record the full text as follows:

There are guests in the house.Lift the pot and go to drink.Draw water for food.Pull garlic in the garden.Cut preserved soy sauce.Build meat and taro.Shredded fish and soft-shelled turtles.Tea cooking utensils.It has been hidden. There is a tree behind the house.As a tailor.Up to Jiangzhou.Go down to the fried master.Ask for money for the government.Push spinning failed.Suo Mian Pavilion.Buying seats to and from Duluo. When seeking fat for women.Sold in a small city.Return to the capital to take the stage.Turn out to talk. Cowboy geese.Wuyang buys tea.The load in Yang's Pond.City gatherings.Beware of traitors and thieves.

In "Children's Covenant", there are two items related to tea, and there are also two items related to tea sets, namely: "Buy tea in Wuyang." "Cook, tea, exhaust, utensils. Cook, cover, store." Wuyang, now Pengshan County, Sichuan Province, was already a tea town and tea distribution center in the Western Han Dynasty.The master author Wang Bao’s family property, now Ziyang County, Sichuan Province, sent servants to Wuyang to buy tea in order to entertain guests and drink daily.And "All the utensils for cooking tea. The pots have been covered and hidden." It means that there are guests visiting the host's house, and after the sumptuous banquet, there is also a tea banquet for entertainment.The tea he drinks is of course Wuyang Jiaming.The tea set used by the servants to cook tea, although the text does not specify the quality of the tea set, but the word "full set" has shown that when the master hosts tea banquets and entertains guests, he uses them from a scholar-official family according to his status. Entering Chang'an, the capital city, by imperial edict, he was promoted as an admonishing doctor. It was also a complete set of tea sets suitable for the play "Children's Covenant". After use, the servants should be cleaned in time and stored properly. "Tongyue" shows that as early as the Western Han Dynasty BC, tea drinking had become fashionable in some areas of Sichuan. Due to the formation of tea drinking habits and etiquette, people with more social status had begun to use complete sets of tea utensils.

[Note] ①Wang Bao: For a brief biography, please refer to the note ① in Chapter 4 of this book, "Tea Saint Lu Yuxia" - "The Pioneer of a New Generation of Chinese Tea Culture". 2. Ceramic tea utensils appeared for the first time in classical tea poems. Ceramic tea utensils first appeared in ancient poems and fus in Du Yu's "Fu" in the Western Jin Dynasty.The time of writing was before 313 AD, that is, three hundred years after the publication of Wang Bao's "Tongyue", about the late period of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty or during the reign of Emperor Hui and Emperor Huai.

"荈诗" describes a day in early autumn when the weather is clear and slack in the fields. Spring tasters travel together in groups of three or five, carrying tea utensils and tea sets, to the tea mountain on the bank of the Minjiang River. For the vivid scene of drinking sencha, please refer to the first chapter of "Poems on Modern and Ancient Tea" in Chapter 7 of this book for the full text of Fu Fu.The poet wrote about the tea utensils used in "荈诗": "The pottery slips are selected for the utensils, and they come from Dongyu." It shows that those who tasted springs in the tea mountain not only used ceramic tea utensils at that time, but also chose the exquisite tea utensils produced by "Dongyu".Because the tea mountain on the bank of the Minjiang River where the person who tastes the spring is located in the northern part of Sichuan Province, in terms of orientation, according to Yue Kiln: During the Western Jin Dynasty, Shangyu County, Yuhang County and Shaoxing City in Zhejiang Province have produced exquisite celadon. It is customarily called "Yue Kiln" and it is called "Dongyu".

The tea utensils mentioned in Du Yu's "Fu" are not Yue porcelain tea bowls, but tea utensils such as cans or pots produced by Yue kilns.This is the conclusion drawn from the two sentences of "take it to gourd" gourd, that is, to use a handleless round gourd scoop as a teacup, or to use a similar-shaped wooden tea bowl, "take style Gongliu".The method and method of making and drinking tea in Dasan by those who drink springs seem to be the "end tea" drinking method. The fresh leaves that are about to be picked are dried with fire, smashed into powder, and then put into Yue porcelain containers, and then used Rinse with boiling water to make a mellow and fragrant tea soup; then, the drinkers imitate the drinking method of ancient males to drink tea.

Gong Liu is the ancestor of the Zhou tribe. When the palace was built in Binyi, which is the capital of Xunyi County and Binxian County in Shaanxi Province today, during the completion ceremony, he had a feast for his ministers and guests. "Take it with Pao", and set it as the etiquette method of the state banquet, which can be seen in "Poetry · Daya · Gong Liu".The ancient Gong Liu's drinking method of "discretion with Pao" had a far-reaching influence on later generations, and many imitated it. In Du Yu's "荈诗", it was written that the spring drinkers in the Western Jin Dynasty did not use ceramic tea cups to drink tea. They are very proficient in the way of mountain spring tea drinking. People not only choose exquisite Yue porcelain tea utensils to make tea soup, but also replace tea cups with "匏" that ancient people tasted and used for drinking. Elegant, unrestrained and profound tea tasting mood.

"荈诗" is the first tea poem in Chinese classical literature, and Du Yu is the first author who writes about drinking tea with ceramic tea utensils. Therefore, it can be said that he occupies a prominent position in the history of Chinese tea science and tea culture. . 〔Note〕①Du Yu: For a brief biography, please refer to the notes in Chapter 4 of this book "Tea Saint Lu Yuxia" - "The Pioneer of a New Generation of Chinese Tea Culture" ③. 3. Lu Yu's tea utensils and creating a new style of tea drinking People living in today's era, when it comes to tea utensils and tea utensils, they often only understand teapots, tea bowls or tea trays, trays, etc. , thermos bottles, kettles, etc. are not included in the list of tea utensils. This is related to the change of modern people's tea drinking habits and the gradual forgetting of the elegant national tea drinking culture.

So, what does the complete concept of tea utensils refer to?According to Lu Yu's "The Classic of Tea Four Utensils", all utensils that are directly used for making tea, drinking tea or related to it belong to the scope of tea utensils.The Tang Dynasty had the largest number of tea utensils in history, and Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" listed a total of 24 pieces.Some of them were designed and manufactured by himself, thus forming the most complete series of tea utensils.This is a matching tea utensil that is compatible with the "Lu Yu Jiancha Method" or "Scholar's Tea" advocated and promoted by the tea sage Lu Yu before and after the publication of "The Classic of Tea" in the Tang Dynasty.

The main utensils used for cooking and drinking tea listed in Lu Yu's "The Classic of Tea" are as follows: 1.Wind Stove: Sencha Wind Stove was designed by Lu Yu himself. It is made of copper and iron. It has three legs, two ears, three ventilation windows and holes at the bottom. It is shaped like an ancient tripod.This kind of wind stove is not only exquisite in design, but also has profound inscriptions, hexagrams and images cast on the furnace body and three legs. . 2.Catkin or pot: a container for boiling water, cast with pig iron, or made of ceramics or stone.The exquisite catkins are made of silver, which is not only "elegant and clean", but also durable. 3.Delivery bed: It is a cross-shaped bracket made of wrought iron, which is used to fix the catkin on the blast furnace. 4.Tea Grinding: It is used to grind tea cakes or tea that have been baked on a slow fire into powdered tea powder. The tea grinder recorded in "The Classic of Tea" is made of orange wood or pear, mulberry, tung, and zhe wood.The inner groove of the mill is round, and the shape is square; the inner circle is for the convenience of the operation of the mill wheel, and the outer side is for preventing dumping.It also stipulates the specific dimensions and specifications of wheels and axles.In addition, there is also a small tool for sweeping and grinding the fine tea powder, which is made of bird wings and feathers, and is called "Fumo".Later tea mills were mostly made of copper and iron; the precious ones were also made of gold and silver, and they were generally very small and exquisite. 5.Luohe: It is the combined name of Chaluo and Chahe.Use a tea bag to pass the ground tea powder to remove impurities such as thick stalks and hard flakes, and put the crushed fine powdered tea into the tea pot for later use.Chahe is made of giant bamboo tube or fir wood, painted with colored lacquer and covered with gauze and silk. It is three inches high, four inches in diameter, one inch thick on the cover, and two inches thick on the bottom. 6.Then: It is a small tool used to measure the amount of tea put into the catkin. It is made of sea shells, copper, iron, and bamboo slices. Its shape is now a small ladle.The amount of tea to be added depends on the amount of water in the catkin and the tea drinker's demand for the thickness of the tea soup. For one liter of boiled water, one square inch of ground tea must be added.The rule is a quantitative standard based on the general ratio of water to tea, so it is called the quasi "rule". 7.Water side: clear water container, made of precious and rare wood "Shan Hai Jing · Zhong Shan Jing": "The mountain of Ugly Yang, there are many 椆椐 on it.", or the inner layer of locust tree, catalpa, catalpa, etc., and the outer layer is painted Use paint to increase its beauty.It can hold one bucket of water. According to the ancient container unit, one bucket is equivalent to twelve city catties. 8.Lushui sac and green oil sac: Lushui sac is a water filter made of silk fabrics. Before pouring the tea water into the catkin, it is used to filter out impurities in the water to keep the water clean; the green oil sac is watertight The container can be used to carry wine, and the water bag is usually hidden in it. Lushui bag, originally the "three clothes and six things" of the monks' family, "three clothes" are the three kinds of monk clothes of Sanghali, Yuduoluo, and An Tuo Hui; ], one of the altar of nuns [seats], and water bags.The master Jiaoran wrote in his poem "A Spring Night Fu Deshuisang Song Sends to Zheng Ming's Mansion": Wu Zhen, Chu Lian, He Baixi, a layman holding a legacy of Zen guest. The Zen guest can cut the water bag without using the clothesman's knife and ruler. The first teacher left me or nothing, and I dared to credit with my heart. This is a gift poem written by Jiaoran for the old county magistrate after accepting a water pouch from the old county magistrate Zheng who had retired.This poem shows that the lushui sac has long been a water filter tool for monks.Since Lu Yu grew up in a monastery in his childhood, he almost forged an indissoluble bond with Buddhism all his life, and the tea-making method he advocated was especially appreciated and supported by the Zen masters of the monastery, so he took the word Lushuisang. As one of the tea utensils, Buddhist Zen objects have deep meanings. 9.Hot Yu: It is a porcelain or sandy container for hot water, which is used to pour soup to stop boiling when frying tea. 10.鹾鬼 [cuogui]: 鹾 means salty salt; gui is an ancient food vessel.Round mouth, round feet.Earless, with two ears, or with four ears, with a square seat, or with a cover.Bronze or ceramic.It is used to hold food and was popular in Shang and Zhou dynasties. The gui in the "Tea Classic" is a small box-shaped jar made of ceramics, or a bottle or a gui, which is used to hold salt flowers.In the Tang Dynasty, sencha was used for seasoning, so a little salt flower was added to the tea soup. 11.Bowl: Since the Tang Dynasty was a prosperous period for the vigorous development of my country's ceramic industry, as one of the main utensils of tea drinking culture, ceramic tea bowls were more commonly used at this time. At that time, Lu Yu appraised and compared the exquisite tea bowls produced by various kilns in the country during the Tang Dynasty. He started from observing the color of the tea soup when drinking tea, and especially admired the celadon tea bowls of Yue Kiln, which were as jade-like as ice, and were rated as the first in the country. 12.Washing square: A container used to hold washing water. Its regulation is like a water square, which can hold eight liters of water. 13.Garbage Recipe: To gather all kinds of dregs and make it like a polyester recipe, which can hold five liters. 14.Towel: It is made of thick silk like cloth, two feet long.Prepare two pieces and use them interchangeably, so as to wipe and clean all kinds of tea utensils. 15.畚〔ben〕: It is a utensil made of white cattail rolled into strips, which can store ten bowls.Or a round bamboo container made of bamboo can also store ten bowls.In order to prevent collisions, the bowls are separated and plugged tightly with Shan paper, which refers to paper made from the water of Shanxi in Zhejiang. 16.Tool column: It is a tool shaped like a bed or a strip, made of bamboo and wood, painted with colored lacquer, very beautiful.Put all kinds of tea utensils that have been washed and cleaned after drinking tea into the pan and basket, and put them on the shelf. 17.Du Basket: It is specially used to store various small utensils, or to carry tea utensils when going out to enjoy springs in the mountains. It is woven from bamboo chips. 18.In addition, there are some small utensils, such as charcoal sticks, fire chopsticks, and bamboo clips: one is used to roast tea cakes, the other is used to stir the tea soup when frying tea, bamboo brushes, water ladles, tea paper bags, etc. Twenty-four pieces. If you look at the method of sencha advocated and implemented by Lu Yu 1200 years ago and the series of tea utensils that came with it from the perspective of modern people, you may think that this set of tea drinking methods developed by Lu Yu is too complicated, right?Is drinking tea worth the effort?As everyone knows, since childhood, Lu Yu has almost devoted most of his life, if not his whole life, to tea science and tea culture.He devoted himself to the study of tea science, promoted Lu's tea, wrote "The Classic of Tea", and made tea utensils, which was an epoch-making change in the history of Chinese tea science and tea culture.For example, Feng Yan of the Tang Dynasty said in "Feng Shi Hearing and Seeing Records·Drinking Tea": "Lu Hongjianyu, a Chu man, wrote "Tea Theory", talking about the efficacy of tea and the method of frying and roasting tea, and twenty-four things about making tea sets. They are all stored together. Admired from far and near, those who do good things should keep a pair at home." Most of the series of tea utensils for drinking tea recorded and advocated by Lu Yu in "The Classic of Tea" continued to be used until the early Ming Dynasty.It can be said that Hung-chien is worthy of being called a tea fairy, and he has been leading the charm of tea for hundreds of years. 4. Yue Porcelain Tea Bowl Ruobing Jade The Tang Dynasty was a prosperous period for the development of my country's ceramic industry.On the basis of the achievements of ceramics in the Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Sui Dynasty, the ceramic industry in the Tang Dynasty also flourished as the economy and culture entered its heyday.Due to the rise of the custom of drinking tea since Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, the manufacture of tea sets has become more and more exquisite with the rapid progress of the ceramic industry.The tea sets of this period are comparable to the celadon of the Yue Kiln in the south and the white porcelain of the Xing Kiln in the north. The Yue Kiln in Tang Dynasty was also called Yuezhou Kiln.Yuezhou prefecture was located in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province in the Tang Dynasty. Its jurisdiction included Kuaiji, Xiaoshan, Shanyin, Yuyao, Shanxian, Shangyu and other counties. Shaoxing, Xiaoshan, Shangyu, and Yuyao constituted the Yue Kiln System, which was the center of China’s ceramic industry. The birthplace of celadon has been produced for more than 2,000 years.In the Tang Dynasty, Yue Kiln Celadon reached its peak, and began to decline in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Lu Yu, a great tea master in the Tang Dynasty, while devoted himself to the study of tea science, also made an appraisal and comparison of tea sets of different styles and qualities produced in various places at that time.Lu Yu said in "The Book of Tea: The Four Utensils": "The bowl is located in Yuezhou, followed by Dingzhou, Wuzhou, Yuezhou, and Shouzhou. Or, if Xingzhou is located in Yuezhou, it is not the case. If Xing Porcelain silver, more porcelain jade, Xing is not as good as Yue Yi; if Xing porcelain is snow, it is more porcelain ice, Xing is not as good as Yue Er; Xing porcelain is white and brown red, more porcelain blue and brown green, Xing is not as good as Yue Three things." Lu Yu also compared the tea suitable for porcelain from various places and said: "Yuezhou porcelain and Yuezhou porcelain are both green, green is suitable for tea, and tea is white and red; Xingzhou porcelain is white, tea color is red; Shouzhou porcelain is yellow. , the color of tea is purple; Hongzhou porcelain is brown, and the color of tea is black, so it is not suitable for tea." In the poem "Hengtang", Han Xun, a poet of the Mid-Tang Dynasty, also praised Yue porcelain for tea: Ou rhinoceros liquid smells like tea." From Lu Yu's comparison of Yue celadon and Xing white porcelain, we can see that Yue celadon and Xing white porcelain tea bowls are of very exquisite quality.Yue porcelain is blue and green, with emerald green glaze, like ice and jade, while Xing porcelain has white glaze containing silver, smooth as snow, and excellent texture.After all, Yue porcelain tea set is even better.Because of its verdant glaze, elegant shape and magnificent decoration, it was very popular among tea connoisseurs and literati at that time. Poets praised the exquisiteness of Yue porcelain tea set with beautiful lines. Lu Guimeng, a poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, praised the poem "Secret Color Yue Qi": "Nine autumn winds and dews will open the kiln, and the emerald green color of thousands of peaks will be captured, so that we can enjoy the mid-night feast and collect the leftover cups of Sandou." The porcelain craftsmanship is superb, and the shape looks like "the bright moon" and the glaze is like "the emerald color of thousands of peaks". It has been a court tribute since Tang and Song Dynasties.For example, Xu Yin, a poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, happily wrote the poem "Gongyu Secret Color Tea Cup" after he accidentally obtained a beautiful tribute secret color tea cup: The emerald green melts into green and auspicious, and the color is new. Tao Cheng wins first to pay tribute to my lord. Gong gouges out the bright moon to dye the spring water, and gently swirls the thin ice to fill the green clouds. The ancient mirror is on the table with broken moss, and the tender lotus is exposed to the river. Bamboo leaves in Zhongshan are fermented for the first time, and they are very sick. Secret color refers to the blue glaze color on porcelain.Song Delin's "Record of Waiting for Mackerel" VI: "Today's secret color porcelain, it is said in the world that Qian's family ① has a country, and Yuezhou burns it as an offering, and it is not allowed to be used by ministers and common people, so it is said to be secret color." It can be seen that the secret color tea cup is a special tribute for the court, and even It is regarded as a rare treasure in Yue porcelain. [Notes] ①Qian Yu 852-932 has beautiful characters, but small characters remain.A native of Lin'an in the late Tang Dynasty, now Hangzhou. Shao Ren Xia led the township soldiers to suppress the Huangchao uprising army, and returned to Dong Chang as a barnyard general.Changfan, Lu Zhizhi, Zhaozong 888-904 paid homage to the Jiedu Envoy of the Eastern Army of Zhenhai Town, Zhenhai Town, granted iron coupons, supported the two Zhejiang provinces, and was granted the title of King of Yue and King of Wu.After the death of the Tang Dynasty, he received the title of Taizu Zhuwen of the Later Liang Dynasty, and was called the king of Wuyue. He was changed to Yuan Tianbao, and he was one of the ten kingdoms.His posthumous posthumous title was Wusu.Pass the throne to his grandson Chu.In 978, the third year of Song Taiping Xingguo, the family belonged to the Song Dynasty. 5. Xing Porcelain Tea Sets Like Silver and Snow White porcelain from Xing kiln is as famous as celadon from Yue kiln. It was well-known all over the country as early as the Tang Dynasty.In the Tang Dynasty, Li Zhao said in "There are common things for goods and bribes" in the second volume of "Tang Guoshi Bu": "The white porcelain Ou in Neiqiu, and the purple stone inkstone in Duanhan are common to all in the world." Lu Yu said in "The Classic of Tea" , Xing porcelain tea bowls, "Like silver" and "Like snow" are slightly inferior to Yue porcelain, and they are also praised for their exquisite texture, crystal clear as snow and silver.In the poem "Tea Ou" of "Miscellaneous Odes in Tea", Pi Rixiu, a poet of the Mid-Tang Dynasty, compared Xing porcelain with Yue porcelain, each with its own merits. His poem said: Both Xingke and Yue people can make porcelain. Round like the soul of the moon falling, light like the soul of the cloud rising. The jujube flower is powerful and eye-catching, and the fragrance of Pingmo sticks to the teeth. When Matsushita looked at it, it was the same with Zhi Gong. However, Jiaoran, a poet monk of the Tang Dynasty who was proficient in the way of tea tasting, wrote in his poem "Drinking Tea and Singing and Ignoring Cui Shishijun", "The plain porcelain is snow-colored and fragrant, how is it like the fairy Qiongrui syrup", which is completely admirable. Xing porcelain is as clean as snow, and it is the most suitable for drinking tea. The fragrance of the tea is overflowing, and it is like a fairy. The ancient kiln site of Xing Kiln, according to the textual research of ceramic archaeologists, is the center of the kiln system in Lincheng County, Hebei Province.Lincheng County belonged to Zhaozhou in the Tang Dynasty, and now Neiqiu County in Hebei Province belonged to Xingzhou in the Tang Dynasty. The junction with Neiqiu was the early location of the ancient Xing Kiln. 6. Exquisite Tang Dynasty teaware unearthed from Famen Temple On April 3, 1987, when the Famen Temple tower was being rebuilt in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province, a large number of rare treasures were found in the base palace of the tower, including the precious and exquisite teaware used by the Tang Dynasty court. Tea utensils.It is considered to be a major discovery that caused a sensation in the world in the archaeological history of our country. Famen Temple is located in Famen Town, 10 kilometers north of Fufeng County.According to legend, the temple and the pagoda were built in the period of Huan and Ling 147-189 in the Eastern Han Dynasty.The origin of the pagoda, according to the Buddhist scriptures, the ancient Tianzhu India Ashoka, about 272-226 BC 272-226 BC, 200 years after the death of Sakyamuni, the Buddhist noun: meaning corpse or bones.According to legend, 84,000 pagodas were built on the same day for the pearls formed by Sakyamuni's cremation in the world, for the Buddha's relics.The pagoda at Famen Temple in Fufeng County is the fifth of nineteen pagodas built in China.At first, Famen Temple was always called "Ashoka Temple". In 627, the first year of Tang Zhenguan, it changed the meaning of "Gate of Buddhism" to "Famen Temple".A finger bone of Sakyamuni Buddha is hidden in the Pagoda of Protecting the Nation in Famen Temple.In the 289-year history of the Tang Dynasty, the emperors of all dynasties opened the pagoda every 30 years, and used the highest Buddhist ceremony to welcome the Buddha bones to the palace for offerings, in order to pray for the prosperity of the sea and rivers and the prosperity of the country. The batch of historical relics unearthed from the underground palace of the pagoda of Famen Temple is the last time in 874, Emperor Xizong of Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xizong Li Xuan sealed the bones of the Buddha together with the authentic ancient artifacts provided by the emperors in the pagoda in the first year of Qianfu and the fifteenth year of Xiantong. base palace.Among the 2,449 precious historical relics unearthed in this batch, what attracted the attention of the tea scholars and culture circles at home and abroad is that there are dozens of silver and gilt tea utensils used by the Tang Palace, which can be called rare treasures.Including: 1.A silver gilt tea mill.Its shape is similar to a small medicine roller in a traditional Chinese medicine shop.But it is exquisitely made. There is a parallel base decorated with patterns under the grinding groove, which can keep the rolling body stable when placed or used. The upper edge of the grinding groove is made with a pull-out cover. Cover the mill groove to prevent dust from falling in and keep it clean.There is an inscription on the base, "869, the 10th year of Xiantong, Wensiyuan made a silver-gold camellia tea roller, weighing 29 taels in total. It also has the names of the craftsmen and supervisors. The overall height is 7.1 cm excluding the roller, and the length is 27.5 cm. 4 cm, 5.6 cm wide and 1168 grams in weight. 2.A silver gilt tea Luozi.Its structure is exquisite and ingenious.The shape is like a box-shaped jewelry box, which consists of five parts: box, lid, sieve, tea drawer and base.There are pattern decorations on the box body and box cover, which are elegant and beautiful.Its purpose is to pass through the tea sieve to remove the unground tea stalks and hawthorns after the tea cake is ground into very fine powdered tea, and then put the ground tea in the tea drawer for waiting. cooking.The inscription on the bottom of the tea Luo reads, "One pair of silver-golden flower tea Luozi was made by Wensiyuan in the tenth year of Xiantong, weighing thirty-seven taels in total."The overall height is 9.5 cm, the seat length is 14.9 cm, the bottom width is 8.9 cm, and the weight is 1472 grams. Judging from the time of manufacture, the supervision of Wensiyuan, and the three identical hollow-out pattern decorations on both sides of the tea Luozi and the bottom of the tea mill, the above two pieces are matching treasures of tea utensils, which may have been made by the same master craftsman. 3.Silver and gilt end tea box.There are several pieces such as turtle shape, square shape and rhombus shape.The turtle-shaped box is realistic in shape, with its head raised and tail curved, and its shape is cute.The back of the turtle is covered, and it is hollow to store the fine powder tea that has been milled and boiled to be cooked.The turtle symbolizes longevity by drinking tea.It is 13 centimeters high, 28.3 centimeters long, 15 centimeters wide and weighs 820.5 grams. 4.A pair of gilt silver vases.Round shape, high feet, covered, strong sealing performance.Experts think that it may be used to place tea cakes, or tea cakes to be ground after being roasted. Lu Yu said in the "Tea Classics": After the tea cakes are roasted over a low fire, in order to prevent the loss of aroma, they should be placed In a more airtight container, or place tea and so on. There are four images of figures on each altar wall, which are exquisitely decorated.The altar is 24.7 centimeters high, 13.2 centimeters in diameter, and weighs 883.5 grams. 5.Two gilt silver handcages.One is round, has a cover, and has quadrupeds at the bottom.The whole body is hollowed out in the shape of money eyes, and 29 swan geese are decorated on the cage body and cover, in the shape of spreading their wings and flying.The overall height is 17.8 cm.It is 16.15 centimeters in diameter and weighs 654 grams.The inscription on the bottom is "Guan Chen Li Ganjin" 6 characters.The other is braided with gold and silver threads, nearly oval in shape.The overall height is 15 cm, the length is 14.5 cm, the width is 10.5 cm, and the weight is 355 grams. Whether these two cages are used to put tea cakes for roasting tea remains to be further verified by scholars. 6.Gilt silver salt and pepper plate.Three-dimensional shape, very exquisite.It is composed of a cluster of lotus leaves, lotus flowers, lotus pistils, lotus leaf stems, etc. ingeniously.The three leaf stems are the brackets, the lotus is the plate, which is used to put refined salt, the covered leaves are the cover, the lotus stamens are the pedicles, and the pepper powder is placed in the hollow stamens.Weighs 546 grams.There is an inscription on the foot of the table: "A silver-coated gold salt table was built by Wensiyuan in 868 in the ninth year of Xiantong. Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" says: When the tea soup is just boiling, put a little salt flower in the catkin to adjust the tea flavor. 7.One silver yuan tower-shaped stove.There are partitions in the middle and lower part of the furnace cavity, six ventilation or charcoal filling ports on the lower part, and handles on both sides.This stove may be a tea-burning or tea-making stove. When it was unearthed, the cover was sealed with the words "Yang Fugong, Minister of the Great Silver Incense Burner".The overall height is 56 cm, the outer diameter is 35.8 cm, and the weight is 3920 grams. Among the rare tea utensils unearthed in the underground palace of the pagoda of Famen Temple, there are also glazed tea bowls, a pair of saucers, and a secret-color Yue porcelain tea bowl.There are also two sets of silver fire chopsticks and silver gilt polo seeds, each set of 5 pieces, which are stackable containers for placing food with tea. The excavation of a large number of rare treasures hidden in Fufeng Famen Temple caused a sensation in the world, and thus created a "whirlwind of Buddha bones", which also attracted great attention from the tea culture circles in China and the world.After the "First International Famen Temple History and Culture Academic Research Conference" and "International Famen Temple Buddhist Academic Symposium" were held in September 1990 and May 1992, China International Tea Culture Research Association, Shaanxi Provincial Foreign Cultural Exchange Association, Famen Temple Museum, after careful preparation, in November 1994, held the "International Symposium on Tea Culture in Tang Dynasty in Famen Temple".More than 200 Chinese and foreign scholars, including compatriots from Hong Kong and Taiwan, and more than 60 famous scholars from Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia and other countries and regions attended the academic conference. Experts and scholars in Chinese and foreign tea academic circles, tea culture circles, and tea Zen circles agree that the excavation of the Tang Dynasty court tea set in the Famen Temple pagoda underground palace series is the first in the history of tea culture in ancient China and the world since the publication of Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. Another epoch-making glorious chapter; it is the earliest and most complete palace series tea set found in the world so far; it not only fully embodies the Chinese Tang Dynasty's tea set with its exquisite design, profound patterns, and simple and elegant charm. The brilliant cultural achievements and the superb craftsmanship of making high-quality gold and silver vessels are unparalleled in the world, and moreover proves that China is not only the birthplace of tea in the world, but also the cradle and birthplace of tea culture in the world; Since the mid-Tang Dynasty, the "Lu's tea" culture and the tea Zen culture of temples advocated and established by the tea sage Lu Yu and his "friend of the Su Wangnian" Master Jiaoran have rapidly popularized and developed, and represent China's The most elegant, complete and grandest tea ceremony in ancient tea culture was the Qingming Tea Banquet in the court of the Tang Dynasty. The historical fact that the royal tea set was sealed in the underground palace of the pagoda of Famen Temple and offered to the Buddha shows that tea and tea culture in ancient China have an indissoluble relationship with Buddhist culture.