Chapter 9 Chapter 1 Famous Chinese Tea 1. Green Tea-4

16.Baisha Green Tea Baisha Green Tea is produced in the state-owned Baisha Farm in Baisha Li Autonomous County, Wuzhishan District, Hainan Province.Baisha Green Tea is also famous for its registered trademark "Baisha Brand".The tea-producing area is located in a small basin with a circle of 10 kilometers below Yinggeling in the county.Surrounded by mountains on all sides, crisscross streams, fertile soil, abundant rainfall, filled with clouds and mist, the climate is mild, and belongs to the alpine cloud and mist area.The average annual cloudy days are as long as 215 days, the average monthly temperature is 16.4-26.9 ℃, and the temperature and photosynthesis are strong. It is a natural place for tea production.

Wuzhishan has a long history of tea production, more than 500 years ago, but before the liberation and the early days of the founding of new China, the tea gardens in Baisha area had not been fully developed. In 1963, when a delegation from the foreign trade department of Guangdong Province visited Baisha Farm, they found that the tea trees here grew very well and the finished tea produced was of high quality. Therefore, it was suggested that large-scale cultivation and production should be carried out to meet the needs of domestic sales and foreign trade.At present, the tea garden area of ​​Baisha Farm has grown to more than 5,000 mu, and the tea trees planted are Hainan, Yunnan Daye, Fujian Narcissus, and Wuyou.Its characteristics are: the replacement of leaves, the development of flowers, and the formation of fruits are all carried out locally. Therefore, the tea mountain is green all the year round, with lush branches and leaves in four seasons, long and tender buds, high-quality and high-yield. In 1993, the output of dry tea reached 5,000 tons.

The process and tea characteristics of Baisha green tea: the raw materials are mostly collected from the core leaves with one bud and two leaves, and the fresh leaves are refined through processes such as killing, rolling, fermenting, and drying.The finished tea is tightly knotted and straight, green and glossy in color, and the soup color is bright yellow and green. It has the characteristics of refreshing fragrance, long-lasting and resistant to brewing.The tea has been tested by the chemistry laboratory of South China Agricultural University. It contains a variety of amino acids, enzymes, aromatic substances and various polyphenols and alkaloids that are beneficial to the human body. The effect.Regular drinking of this tea also has anti-cancer and anti-cancer effects.

Since Baisha green tea was put on the market, it has been favored by tea drinkers at home and abroad. Some writers praised its superb character with the beautiful poem "drinking white sand with green tea".It has won many awards in previous evaluations: it has been ranked among the top seven times in the tea evaluations of the original Guangdong Provincial Agricultural Reclamation System. It is known as one of the five famous teas in Guangdong Province and is the "fist product" of Hainan Provincial Agricultural Reclamation. In 1990, it was designated as a "green drink" by the 11th Asian Games to be exhibited in Beijing. In 1991, it was named as pollution-free "green food" by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery, and was well-known throughout the country; in May of the same year, it was awarded the "Jinding Cup" Excellent Product Award at the first product exhibition in Hainan Province; Won an honorary award at the "China Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Achievement Expo" held by the center. In 1993, it was included in the "Dictionary of Chinese Contemporary Famous, Special and Excellent Products".In addition to selling well in China, Baisha green tea is also exported to Japan, the United Kingdom, Southeast Asian countries and Hong Kong.

17.West Lake Longjing West Lake Longjing, referred to as Longjing.It is named after the West Lake and the holy water of "Longhong Well", which are "always suitable for light makeup and heavy makeup".Longjing tea is produced in the mountains around Longjing Village in the southwest of West Lake in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province.Tea gardens are distributed in Lion Peak, Longjing, Lingyin, Wuyun Mountain, Hupao, and Meijiawu, mostly on slopes above 30 meters above sea level.In the northwest, there are Baiyun Mountain and Tianzhu Mountain as barriers to prevent the invasion of cold wind in winter. In the southeast, there are nine streams and eighteen streams with deep and wide valleys.The average annual temperature is 16°C, and the annual precipitation is about 1600 mm. Especially in the spring tea bud season, it is often drizzly and cloudy.The tea gardens between hillside streams are often accompanied by clouds and mist, enjoying the moisture of rain and dew alone.The soil in the tea area is mostly acidic red soil with loose structure and strong air and water permeability.Especially in Shizifeng, the soil contains more effective acid, which makes the tea tree roots deep and lush, green all year round, with many rounds of germination and long picking time.West Lake Longjing grows in this unique environment with rivers and lakes, dense springs and streams, mild climate, abundant rainfall, four distinct seasons, and is often accompanied by "Xizi" - this is why Longjing tea is uniquely high-quality, It's famous.

Picking process: Fresh leaves are picked four times in spring every year according to grades.The first tea picked before Qingming is called "Mingqian tea". Its tender buds are newly developed and shaped like a lotus heart, so it is called "lotus heart".About 70,000 fresh leaves are needed to make 1 kg of dry tea, so it is extremely precious.Tea picked before the Grain Rain is called "Yuqian tea", also known as Erchun tea.At that time, the tea handle has a leaf, which looks like a flag, and the tea bud is slightly longer, and its shape is like a gun, so it is also called "flag gun".Three spring teas are picked at the beginning of summer, when the tea buds are relatively large, with two leaves attached, resembling a sparrow tongue, so it is called "sparrow tongue".Sichun tea is picked one month after Sanchun tea, and the leaves have been sliced ​​with tea stalks attached, so it is called "stalk slices".Its quality is not as good as the first three.

Craftsmanship and tea quality characteristics: The frying of high-grade Longjing tea is divided into two processes: "green pot" and "brilliant pot". Ten methods of grasping, pressing and grinding.The techniques are varied during the operation process, and the finished tea is flat and straight, with uniform size and length, just like the petals of orchids, which is unique.West Lake Longjing is famous all over the world. It has four unique features: one unique color, two unique fragrances, three unique flavors, and four unique shapes.That is, the color is emerald green, the aroma is rich, sweet and refreshing, and the shape is like a sparrow tongue.The grade of Longjing tea is not only classified according to the time of tea picking, but also according to the specific place of origin.In history, there are four categories of "lion, dragon, cloud and tiger".After the founding of New China, it was merged into three categories: "Shifeng Longjing", "Meiwu Longjing" and "West Lake Longjing".According to the priority of appearance and inner quality, it is divided into grades 1-8.The best one is produced by Lion Peak, which is bright yellow in color and has a long-lasting fragrance, and is known as "the top of Longjing". The tea produced is exquisite in workmanship, emerald green in color, shaped like a golden nail, flat and smooth, green in color, fresh and refreshing.

Longjing tea contains more amino acids, catechins, vitamin C and other ingredients than other teas.If it is brewed with local Hupao and Longquan water, it will be more refreshing and strong, with a fragrance of green fields, and the tea buds in the cup will form flowers, intertwined and radiant, pleasing to the eye and the eye. It is known as "Double Wonders" in Hangzhou. Tea cultivation in West Lake has a long history. When and who did it start?There are different opinions about it, and it is not yet conclusive.However, in the "Tea Classic" written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, there is a record: "Tea production in Hangzhou, Qiantang Tianzhu, and Lingyin Temple".The teas produced at that time were called "Baiyun tea", "Xianglin tea" and "Baolin tea".Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty made a textual research on the history of tea planting in West Lake when he was a governor in Hangzhou. He believed that the earliest tea trees in West Lake were located in Lingyin and Xianglin Cave in Xiatianzhu. The tea tree seeds brought from Tiantai Mountain were planted and cultivated here.Based on this calculation, the cultivation of tea in West Lake began in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and has a history of more than 1,500 years.Hangzhou is rich in good tea, and it has been famous all over the world since it was included in the "Tea Classic".In the Ming Dynasty, Tian Yiheng spoke highly of Longjing tea in "Cooking Spring Essays": "Of all the springs in the Wulin today, only Longhong is the top grade, and the tea is also the best on Longhong Mountain. On top of it is the old Longhong, which is twice as cold and green. The tea produced in it is the best in the north and the south.” Since the Song Dynasty, the tea produced in Tianzhu and Lingyin has been listed as tribute tea.When Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited Hangzhou in the south of the Yangtze River, he wrote poems at Longjing Spring, drank Longjing tea at the Gong Temple of Shifeng Lake, and named the eighteen tea trees in front of the temple "Royal Tea".As a result, Longjing tea continued to be listed as a tribute exclusively for the royal family.

After the founding of New China, the cultivation of West Lake Longjing tea has developed rapidly, and the production conditions have been greatly improved. Except for high-grade Longjing tea, it has basically been changed to mechanical production.The craftsmanship and tea quality have been improved.With its excellent super quality, West Lake Longjing has won many awards in national and international competitions for high-quality products and national famous tea products: the Shifeng super-grade Longjing produced by Hangzhou Tea Factory won the National Gold Award at the National Product Quality Evaluation Conference in 1981. Quality Award; at the 1985 National Quality Food Awards held in Beijing in January 1986, Shifeng Super Longjing won the National Gold Award again; in September 1988 at the 27th World Quality Food Awards held in Athens, Greece In 1982 and 1986, at the National Famous Tea Appraisal Conference held by the Ministry of Commerce, West Lake Longjing Tea was awarded the National Famous Tea for two consecutive years; At the Third National Famous Tea Appraisal Conference held in Xinyang City, the West Lake brand West Lake Longjing produced by Hangzhou Tea Factory and the Lion brand West Lake Longjing produced by Hangzhou Shifeng Tea Company won the title of National High-quality Famous Tea respectively.In addition to being sold domestically, the products are also exported to Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Macao and other countries and regions.

18.Huading Yunwu Huading Yunwu Tea, also known as Tiantai Mountain Yunwu Tea.It is quite similar to Putuo Mountain Buddhist tea, and it is produced in the birthplace of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism in my country - around the ancient temple of Fangong Temple in Huading Peak, Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province.Most of the tea trees are planted in the mountains at an altitude of 800-900 meters. The climate in the tea area is cool in summer and cold in winter, with a perennial temperature of 12.2 ℃; , often snow, with an annual precipitation of about 1900 mm, the tea fields are kept moist all year round; the alpine fragrant ash soil is deep and fertile, the tea fields mostly choose favorable terrains, and the tea fields are planted scattered, and other trees are planted around them to form a natural barrier against wind and wind.

Picking process and tea quality: Due to the low temperature in the place of production, the tea buds germinate slowly, and the first bud and the first and second leaves are first picked before and after Grain Rain.It was originally stir-fried green tea, which was manually operated, but now it is half-fried and half-dried, mainly fried, and still operated by hand. The fresh leaves are spread, high-temperature killing, fan-heated and cooled, lightly twisted, and the initial drying loses water. , frying in a wok, low-temperature wave baking and other processes are made.The shape of the finished tea is thin and slightly flat, with a green color; the aroma is rich and lasting, and the taste is strong and fresh; the soup is light green and bright, and the bottom of the leaves is tender and bright; Durable to drink, brewed three times, there is still a lingering fragrance, which fully shows the natural characteristics of alpine cloud tea, and is regarded as a treasure among green teas. The cultivation of tea trees in Tiantai Mountain has a long history, dating back to the Han Dynasty.According to records, Ge Xuan, an alchemist from 164 to 244 at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, planted tea in Huading.After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it gradually became famous.In the Tang Dynasty, the Japanese eminent monk Sai Cheng crossed Haixi to study Buddhism at Guoqing Temple in Tiantai Mountain. When he returned to China, he brought tea seeds from Tiantai Mountain and planted them at the foot of Kuniji Mountain in Sakamoto Village, Shiga County, Omi, Japan. It has been more than 1,000 years so far. 19.Bamboo leaf green tea is named after Chen Yi visited Wannian Temple in Emei Mountain in 1964 to taste tea and praised the tea shape as beautiful as bamboo leaves, and the tea soup was clear and green, so it was named "Zhuyeqing".Zhuyeqing tea is produced in Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province, and is made from picking tender early spring tea leaves.It belongs to stir-fried green tea. Its technology is exquisite. When frying tea, the temperature is moderate and low, and the amount of leaves is less, about 150 grams per pot. It is made by skillful techniques such as shaking, grasping, skimming, and pressing.Its shape is flat and straight, its color is light green and oily; its soup color is clear and yellowish green, and the bottom of its leaves is light green and tender;The tea has the effect of clearing the mind and eyesight. Tea production in Mount Emei has a long history, dating back to the Tang Dynasty."Taiping Huanyu Ji" written by Music History of the Song Dynasty listed Meizhou as a tea-producing county.In the Song Dynasty, Lu You wrote a poem praising Emei tea: "The snow buds are nearly obtained from Emei, and the red bag Gu Zhuchun is not reduced." The poet said that the snow buds produced in Mount Emei are white bud tea, which is a famous tea in Sichuan in the past and can be compared with the Guzhu purple bamboo shoots produced in Huzhou.Zhuyeqing tea was developed on the basis of summarizing the long-term cultivation and tea-making techniques of monks in Wannian Temple of Mount Emei.Mass production began in the 1960s. In 1985, at the 24th World Quality Food Competition held in Lisbon, it won a gold medal. In 1986 and 1990, it was rated as a national famous tea for two consecutive sessions in Guangzhou and Xinyang, Henan respectively.Now the tea has been exported to Japan, the United States and other countries and regions. 20.Anhua Pine Needle Anhua Pine Needle, a green tea, is named for its straight, delicate, emerald green shape, which resembles pine needles.Produced at the Tea Industry Experimental Field in Anhua County, Hunan Province.The hills and hills of the tea land are undulating, the streams and rivers are networked, the clouds and mist are diffuse all the year round, the rainfall is abundant, the annual precipitation is 1500-1700 mm, and the relative humidity is 90% from March to July; the soil is deep and fertile, and the tea varieties are excellent.This product adopts one bud and one leaf, and goes through 6 processes including killing, kneading, frying, shaping, drying, and picking.The uniqueness of its technology is: the operation of inclined pot is used for finishing; the kneading is rotary kneading; the fried dough is firstly fried, and when the time reaches the steam, it is changed to stir-fried; The shape is thin, tight, round and straight, the pekoe is exposed, and the color is moderately emerald green; when dry, spread the shaped tea sticks in a kneading box for baking.After drying, wrap it in kraft paper while it is hot and store it in a lime jar. After two or three days, take it out and pick it. Anhua pine needles, the finished product has a rich aroma, mellow and fresh taste, clear green soup, and tender and even leaf bottom.Tea production in Anhua County was very prosperous as early as the Song Dynasty. In 1959, the county's tea industry testing ground created this product in order to excavate the heritage of famous tea in this province. In 1962, it was rated as one of the three famous teas in Hunan Province. From 1980 to 1993, it was rated as famous tea in Hunan Province for ten times; in 1986, it was rated as national famous tea by the Ministry of Commerce; in 1988, it won the gold medal of the first China Food Expo; in 1989, it was awarded the title of high-quality famous tea by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries; In 1990, the Bao brand Anhua Pine Needle produced by the Anhua County Tea Testing Field was once again rated as a national famous tea by the Ministry of Commerce. In 1991, it won the "Hunan Famous Tea Cup Award" and "Hunan Famous Tea Title Award".