Chapter 11 1. Tea and Culture-3

"Planting cassava has become a garden, planting Jia is better than counting mu" (here, cassia and cassia are aliases for tea). Poetry on tea skills The benefits of drinking tea include breaking sleep, benefiting thinking, sobering up, replacing medicine, and replacing wine.Bai Juyi's poem: "Know the power of wine when you drive away sorrow, see the power of tea when you break sleep."Cao Ye's poem: "The six internal organs are sleepy, and the poems are clear for several dynasties."Xue Neng's poem: "You have to throw Tao medicine, and take it to the monk's house."Lu Guimeng's poem: "The wind on the Qixi mat shines on the dew, and only the tea is replaced by the cloud." The cloud:

Wine vessel, here refers to wine, which means replacing wine with tea.Pi Rixiu's poem: "If you hold Li Zhongshan, you will never be drunk for a thousand days", that is, tea can sober you up. There are also some tea poems in other categories, which cannot be included in the above 10 categories, but are equally valuable, such as Pi Rixiu's "Baoshan Temple" poem, which mentions "using tea to worship gods": "In the deepest part of the white clouds, like Set up the Yingyan Hall. The village worships enough teapots, and waters a lot of peach pulp."

"Village Sacrifice with Rice Cake" means that people in the village use tea and rice cakes to worship the god of Baoshan Temple. Ming is tea, and there are two explanations for it. One is called Zongzi, and the other is called Sanzi.Sanzi is deep-fried pasta. The current Sanzi is shaped like a grid and as thin as noodles.It is said in history that tea was once used as a sacrificial object for offering sacrifices to heaven and earth, ancestors, and worshiping ghosts and gods, but it is rarely mentioned in poems, and Pi Rixiu may be the first person.Du Mu's poem "Visiting Jinbi Cave of Linquan Temple in Chizhou" and Du Fu's poem "Entering the Boat" both indicate that the ancients had to take tea with them when traveling: "Take tea to visit Jinbi in the twelfth lunar month" (Du Mu's poem). "Drink sugarcane milk with tea and bring everything" (Du Fu's poem).

In the Tang Dynasty, especially since the middle Tang Dynasty, as Bai Juyi said in a poem: "Drink a cup of tea, or recite a chapter of poetry"; "Drink a cup of tea, or recite two poems", tea, like poetry, has become an indispensable part or a great pleasure in the lives of poets, so they follow each other. According to legend, tea poetry and tea poetry were formed and developed into a unique cultural phenomenon in the culture of tea and poetry. However, tea poems in Tang Dynasty appeared in large numbers as a cultural phenomenon, which played a great role in promoting the development of tea culture and poetry culture itself.Let’s take tea first for poetry, as Xue Neng of the Tang Dynasty chanted: “Tea rejuvenates the poet’s heart, and one cup returns one song”; In "Jianji", it is chanted: "Poetry and tea help refreshment, and medicinal wine can spread"; Sikong Tu's poems are also called: "Tea is refreshing to add poems, the sky is clear and the heart is clear."Many poets have mentioned that tea is good for thinking and can stimulate poetic and creative talents of poets.Second, due to the development of the tea industry, as a new content or phenomenon in social life, it also has a certain impact on the characteristics and styles of poetry creation art.For example, the description of "Seven Bowls of Tea" in Lu Tong's "Xie Meng Advising and Sending New Tea" that many people are familiar with can be said to be a representative work of romanticism in tea poems; in addition, realistic works in tea poems are also a lot of.For example, Li Ying's "Tea Mountain Tribute Song" and Yuan Gao's "Tea Mountain Poetry" are both works that emphasize the disadvantages of tribute tea.Here we take Yuan Gao's "Chashan Poem" as an example: at the beginning of this poem, it is used "Yu Gong communicates with the customs far away, and the picture is for the people; the queen loses his roots, and the officials dare not report; , because I want to extend; move a thousand dollars, and make people impoverished every day." These few sentences bluntly told the emperor that tribute tea was a waste of money and a nuisance to the people.Then, Yuan Gao recounted in a very sympathetic style, "When a husband is in service, all the rooms are in the same state; when he touches the wall on the tree, his head falls into the barren hazel; in the end, he is not full, his hands and feet are all scaly; sad The mountains are all over the sky, and the vegetation is not spring". The hard work situation.At the end of the poem, Yuan Gao puts forward in the form of a question, "Reduce the situation of the soldiers and eliminate the poverty, pay more attention to the tired people; I don't know who will share this treasure with the rest of the emperor"; To whom to drink?In the last sentence, the pen is even concluded with a question of "In the boundless sea, why is Danan angry 502 tea culture chapter".The works of romanticism and realism in tea poems are of course inseparable from the style and characteristics of the poems and specific poets at that time. The inheritance of romanticism and realism will not be without influence.Similarly, tea poetry, as a carrier of tea culture, also has an obvious effect on the spread of tea culture and the development of tea industry.Some people say that ancient tea poems play a role in the preservation of tea historical materials.In fact, tea poems not only have historical significance, but also played a positive role in promoting the spread and development of tea industry in real life at that time.Most of the authors of tea poems in history are dignitaries and celebrities from all over the world. Their love and admiration for tea have played a role that the society can emulate.For example, the Zisun tea from Yixing and Changxing in the Tang Dynasty, and the Beiyuan tea from Jianou in the Song Dynasty were unknown at first, but after being praised by some poets and poems, they became famous far and wide, and were designated as the main tribute teas in the Tang and Song dynasties.

(Qian Shilin, Zhu Zizhen) 3.Tea Poetry in Song Dynasty Tea Poetry in Song Dynasty was an era that continued to develop on the basis of Tang Dynasty.For example, the famous poet Wang Yucheng in the early Northern Song Dynasty, Mei Yaochen, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi in the middle period, Huang Tingjian and Jiangxi Poetry School in the later period, Lu You, Fan Chengda, Yang Wanli in the Southern Song Dynasty, etc., have left many well-known tea poems. and tea verses.The poets of the Song Dynasty attached great importance to the inheritance of tradition. For example, the poets of the early Northern Song Dynasty paid the most attention to learning the styles of Bai Juyi and Han Yu; Therefore, tea poems often occupy a large proportion in the poems and works of many poets.Taking Mei Yaochen as an example, according to incomplete statistics, there are 25 tea poems written in "Mr. Wanling Collection" alone.

Lu You, a patriotic poet, once wrote more than 300 tea poems, and he compared himself with Lu Yu.Su Dongpo's tea poems are also quite a lot, with more than 70 pieces. People compare him to Lu Tong, and Dongpo also regards Lu Tong as his own.Huang Tingjian wrote many poems promoting Shuangjing tea, and some of his tea poems also quoted Buddhist language.Fan Zhongyan's "Song of Fighting Tea" can be compared beautifully with Lu Tong's poem "Take a Pen to Xie Meng Advise to Send New Tea".Ouyang Xiu wrote many poems praising Longfengtuan tea, as well as Shuangjing tea.Others such as Cai Xiang, Zeng Gong, Zhou Bida, Ding Wei, Su Zhe, Wen Tong, Zhu Xi, Qin Guan, Mi Fu, Zhao Ji (Emperor Huizong), Chen Xiang, Fang Yue, Du Lai, Xiong Fan, etc. have all written tea poetry.

(1) The form of tea poetry is similar to that of the Tang Dynasty, but the new variety of "tea poetry" has been added. There are many tea poems in this category of ancient poems, such as Mei Yaochen's "Response to Xuancheng Zhangzhu Book Remaining Crow and Camellia Second Rhyme", Su Shi's "Ask the Elder Daye Begging for Peach Blossom Tea to Plant Dongpo" and so on.The seven-character ancient poems include Huang Tingjian's "Thank you Liu Jingwen for sending the group tea" and Ge Changgeng's "Tea Song". Rhythm poems also have five rhythms, seven rhythms, and row rhythms.Wulu such as Zeng Ji's "Thank you for the gift of the valley source, gifted by Yun Jiuzhong", Xu Zhao's "Thanks to Xu Jihui Tea", etc.Qilu such as "Dragon and Phoenix Tea" by Wang Yucheng, "Tasting Jiancha with Mei Gongyi" by Ouyang Xiu, etc.There is Yu Jing's "Hebo Tea Self-made New Tea" by Yu Jing.

There are also five quatrains, seven quatrains, and six quatrains.Wujue is like Su Shi's "Gift to Mr. Bao Jingjing" and Zhu Xi's "Tea Ban".Qijue is like Zeng Gong's "Lv Diancheng Sends New Tea on the 11th Day of the First Lunar Month" and Lin Bu's "Cooking Beiyuan Tea with Feelings".Su Shi has Liujue, a poem "Ma Zi asked to send tea, and thanked him with six words": Treasure the embroidered clothes and point them straight, and seal them obliquely with white silk.Shocking Lu Tongyou's dream, looking at Yunlong from the north window.

Palace Ci Emperor Huizong Zhao Ji once wrote a Palace Ci: 702 Tea Culture Chapter This year, Fujian is not a tribute tea, and Xianglong Wanshou occupies the spring buds.The treasure box was first opened and filled with new incense, and was distributed to the family of the Shiyuan government. Zhuzhici (Zhuzhige) is a kind of ancient song, which was originally a folk ballad in the southwest region. It can also be seen in tea poems in the Song Dynasty, such as Fan Chengda's "Kuizhou Zhuzhige": The white-headed old woman has red flowers in her hairpin, and the black-headed woman has three buns.Sleeping on my back, I went up the mountain, picking mulberries and picking tea.

Among the couplets, there is a poem "Xiuchuanguan Couplets and Preface" written by Hong Mai, Fang Yunyi, Huang Jie, Xiang Yu, and Xu Zishao: Persuasion is difficult and hard to say, and the meaning is thick and dare to humiliate (Xu).One by one, the bottles and jars were exhausted, and one after another they spit out the grass (square).The sweetness of tea is swirling in the river, the fire is alive and the bamboo is burning (Xiang) chatting and cooking Gu Zhuwu, and even trying Mengshan Shu (Hong).The breeze gives birth to Yuchuan, and the stone tripod presses the teacher's uniform (yellow). "

Palindrome poems can be read regardless of whether they are read forward or backward, and the style of the poem is unique. Su Dongpo once wrote a tea poem of this style: "Two Poems of Dream Palindrome and Narrative".Dongpo also told a story in his poems: On December 15th, just after the heavy snow and the weather turned fine, I had a dream at night. I dreamed that a beautiful woman cooked small balls of tea with snow water for me. Drinking, she also sang.I wrote a palindrome poem in my dream, and when I woke up, I only remembered one sentence: "The saliva of the flowers and the green shirt are chaotic", so I continued it into two complete poems: "The jade bowl holds the slender, the chaotic point Yu Hua spitting green shirts. Singing water and clouds condensing the quiet courtyard, dreaming startled pines and snow falling into empty rocks. The empty flowers fall and the wine is poured into the tank, and the sun melts the snow and rises the river.The red roasted Qianou has new fire, and the dragon group is small and milled to clear the window. " Tea poetry began in the Song Dynasty, and poets only included tea in their poetry. Su Dongpo, Huang Tingjian, Xie Yi, and Mi Fu wrote the most.Such as Su Shi's "Xingxiangzi": The feast is over, the joy is still strong, and the joy is endless when the wine is over.A total of praise for the king's gift, and the first demolition of the minister's seal.Look at Fenxiangbing, Golden Thread, Miyunlong.Win a fight with one water, make an enemy a thousand bells, and feel the cool breeze in your armpits.Keep the red sleeves temporarily, but the sarong is less.The music is played, the courtyard is quiet, and it is a little calm. (2) The subject matter of tea poems is almost the same as that of Tang Dynasty. Poems about Famous Tea Among the famous tea poems of the Song Dynasty, Dragon and Phoenix Tuancha is the most chanted, such as Wang Yucheng's "Dragon and Phoenix Tuancha", Cai Xiang's "Beiyuan Tea", Ouyang Xiu's "Sending Dragon Tea to Xu Taoist" and so on.The second is Shuangjing tea, such as Ouyang Xiu's "Shuangjing Tea", Huang Tingjian's "Sending Zizhan with Shuangjing Tea", Su Shi's "Lu Zhi Feeds Shuangjing Tea with Poems, and the Second Rhyme is Thank you", etc.Tea made on a daily basis, such as Su Zhe's "Song Cheng Zai Han Xi Hui Ri Zhucha", Zeng Ji's "Reporting Nephew's Salary Ri Zhucha" and so on.Others such as Mengding tea ("Xie Ren sent Mengding tea" by Wen Tong), Xiuren tea ("Drinking Xiuren tea" by Sun Zhi), Jiukeng tea ("Jiukeng tea" by Fan Zhongyan), Qibao tea ( Mei Yaochen's "Seven Treasures Tea"), Moon Rabbit Tea (Su Shi's "Moon Rabbit Tea"), Baoyun Tea (Wang Ling's "Xie Zhang and Zhonghui Baoyun Tea"), Wolong Mountain Tea (Zhao 's "Thanks to Xu Shaoqing "Send Wolong Camellia", Yashancha (Mei Yaochen's "Response to Xuancheng Zhang Zhushu Remaining Crow Camellia Second Rhyme"), Yangzhou Tribute Tea (Ouyang Xiu's "He Yuanfu Yangzhou Six Titles and Two Poems at the Hall"), etc. Poems of tea sage Lu Yu Poets of the Song Dynasty often mentioned Lu Yu in their tea poems. "Being a God of Tea", "The family tradition of mulberry and ramie in the distance is still there, and another chapter of the classics of tea is re-replenishment", "The history of tea scriptures is endless", "tea can be used as scriptures", etc. From these poems, it is inferred that Lu You may have also written The Book of Tea. The Poetry of Sencha Su Dongpo's "Jijiang Sencha" is the best poem, and Yang Wanli admired it. He commented on the poem: "In one article, every sentence is strange; Strange, it is difficult for authors from ancient to modern times." The most popular poem about drinking tea is Fan Zhongyan's "Song of Fighting Tea". The full title of the poem is "Song of Fighting Tea with Zhang Min": Every year spring comes from the southeast, and the warm water of Jianxi first opens slightly.The strange tea by the stream is the most popular in the world, and it has been planted by Wuyi immortals since ancient times.Where did the new thunder come from last night? Everyone laughed and went through the clouds.The dew buds are scattered, and the beautiful trees are scattered with jade and pearls.In the end, the harvest is not full, but the essence is not to be greedy.There is an elegant system for grinding paste and baking milk, Fang Zhongguixi Yuanzhong Toad.Beiyuan will present the Son of Heaven, and the heroes under the forest will fight for beauty first.The tripod grinds the first mountain copper outside the cloud, and the bottle carries the cold water on the river.The green dust flies beside the gold mill, and the emerald waves rise in the jade Ou.The taste of fighting tea is light, and the fragrance of fighting tea is Bo Lanzhi.Among them, Pindi Hu can deceive, with ten eyes wishing and ten fingers.Victory is unattainable if ascending to immortality, and losing will be infinitely shameful.Calling out the natural stone to be the best, the merits are worthy of the top ranks.I can clear up the turbidity of everyone, and wake up from the drunkenness of a thousand days.Qu Yuan tried to recruit the soul, but Liu Ling heard the thunder.Lu Tong dared not to sing, but Lu Yu had to write scriptures.Among all the phenomena, how can we know that there is no tea star.The father-in-law of Shangshan, Xiu Ruzhi, and Mr. Shouyang, Xiucaiwei, the price of wine in Chang'an has been reduced by one million, and the pharmaceutical market in Chengdu has no glory.It's not as good as taking a sip from the fairy mountain, Ling Ran wants to ride the wind.Don't envy the girl among the flowers who only fights grass and wins the pearls and returns. This "Song of Fighting Tea" has been highly evaluated in history. For example, "Shilin Guangji" quoted "Yiyuan Orpiment" and said: "Yuchuanzi has "Song of Tea Fighting by Xie Meng", and Fan Xiwen also has "Song of Fighting Tea". "Song", these two works are both excellent works, and it is almost impossible to say whether they are good or bad." Tea fighting, also known as Ming Zhan, is to evaluate the quality of tea leaves. It was popular in the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Tang Geng wrote "The Story of Fighting Tea". Wang Anshi's poem "Send Tea and Ping Fu" reflects a tea drinking habit of Tang and Song people: The blue moon tumbled down for nine days, and the title was sent to Luo Zhongxian.It is advisable to sip frequently to test the water in the stone building, but not to fry in the golden valley to see the flowers. Wang Anshi told his younger brother Pingfu (that is, Wang Anguo) that when looking at flowers in the "Golden Valley Garden", don't fry and drink tea, because "sipping tea with flowers" is "killing the scenery" (that is, it is a disappointing thing).This is mentioned in Li Shangyin's "Yishan Miscellaneous Compilation" in the Tang Dynasty. There are 16 situations that belong to killing scenery, such as "seeing the flowers and crying", "boiling the crane and burning the qin", "singing under the pine", etc., "sipping the flower "Tea" is also a kind. Song people love Huishan Spring very much, so there are many poems about Huishan Spring, especially Su Dongpo.Others include Gulian Spring in Lushan Mountain ("Gulian Water" by Wang Yucheng), Sandie Spring in Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi (Poetry on Tangjin), and Liuyi Spring at the foot of Langya Mountain in Chu County, Anhui ("Boiling Shuangjing Tea with Liuyi Spring" by Yang Wanli) , Jinxian Spring in Jinan, Shandong (Su Zhe's "Ciyun Li Gongxuan Huiquan Answers Zhang Zihou's New Tea"), Yangzhou Daming Spring in Jiangsu (Huang Tingjian's "Thanks for Tea"), Jiangsu Zhenjiang Zhongling Spring (Fan Zhongyan's "Dou Cha" "Song"), Hubei Tianmen Literary Spring (Wang Yucheng's "Ti Jingling Literary Spring"), Yichang Lu Youquan (Lu You Poems) in northern Hunan, etc. Su Shi's poem: "Huishan pays homage to Qian Taoist cooking small dragon balls, climbs to the top, and looks at Taihu Lake": "Traveling all over the mountains on the south bank of the Yangtze River, it is inevitable to linger on the mountains. Bringing the small moon in the sky alone, come to try the second spring in the world. The stone road lingers back to the Jiulong Ridge, and the water gleams the sky of the five lakes. Sun Deng is speechless and returns empty. The voice spreads everywhere." Tangjin's poem "Send Zhang Zongrui with the Sandie Spring in Lushan Mountain": "Hongjian but tasted the water of the Tang Dynasty, and the Fu Weng did not reach the year of Shaoxi. From Zikang Valley to live in the second, let's ask the old Yongxian of Zhenyan." Tang Jin thinks that Sandie Spring is better than Gulian Spring. There is a story about Lu Youquan in Yichang, Hubei. In 1169, Lu You went to Fengjie, Sichuan to serve as a general judge. When he entered Shu, he passed this spring to drink tea, and recited a poem "The water in the small pool under the rock in front of Sanyou Cave is so strange that we take fried tea": " It's okay to slip on the moss-path manshoes, and chat by the lakeside according to the Hu bed. Yan Kong looks up at the shadows of the peaks and mountains, and the pottery contains the fragrance of herbs.Take half a bottle of milky white milk, tap the stone and make a long sound.It is not a famous spring that cannot be tasted if it is cast in the bag and passed on to the world." 112 Tea Culture Chapter In order to commemorate this poet, later generations called it Luyou Spring, or Luyou Well, and Luyoutan. The praises of "Shenshui" and "Qingye Yuye". The poems about tea sets include Su Shi’s tea mill and Shi Cho’s poems: “Ci Yun Huang Yi Zhong Tea Mill”, “Ci Yun Zhou Ronghui Shi Cho”, Qin Guan’s poem “Tea Mortar”, Zhu Xi’s poem “Tea Stove” and so on. Tea-picking poems include Ding Wei's "Ode to Tea" and Fan Chengda's "Kuizhou Bamboo Branch Song". Wait. The tea-making poems include "He Bogong Self-made New Tea" by Yu Jing, "Answer to Jianzhou Shen Tuntian Sending New Tea" by Mei Yaochen, and "Making Tea" by Cai Xiang. The tea garden poems include Wang Yucheng's "Twelve Rhymes of the Tea Garden", Cai Xiang's "Beiyuan", Zhu Xi's "Tea Ban" and so on. The poems about tea skills include Su Shi’s "Visiting the Buddhist Houses, Drinking Seven Cups of Tea a Day, Playing Books and Diligently on the Wall": "Why do you need a pill for Emperor Wei, and use up seven bowls of tea."Huang Tingjian's "Send New Tea and Nan Zen Master": "The fragrance of roasted tea can cure diseases and vertigo." Other poems such as Yang Wanli's "Sitting in Dan'an and Watching the Master Sharing Tea" are very interesting tea poems.Fencha, also known as tea opera, soup opera, or tea hundred opera, is to make the veins of tea juice form objects when ordering tea.Song Taogu's "Qingyilu" said: "Shammon Fu can make soup and phantom tea, write a poem, order four bowls, and hold soup watches. Tanyue builds a door to see the soup opera. Quanzi's poem says: "Generation in the cup Shui Danqing, skillful painting and kung fu can't be learned. But Lu Hung-chien laughs at the false name, and the fried tea has won a good reputation.'" "Qingyilu" also said: "Tea has flourished since the Tang Dynasty. In modern times, there are seven times when tea is poured into the soup. Don't use magic tricks to make the tea veins and veins into objects. It belongs to the genus of animals, fish, insects, flowers and plants. It is delicate and picturesque, but it will disappear in a moment. The change of this tea is also the time. People call it "Tea Hundred Plays." Su Zhe's "Two Poems of Camellia", and Chen Yuyi's "First Understanding of Camellia".There are relatively few poems about camellia in the past dynasties, and Su and Chen can be said to be ingenious. (Qian Shilin, Zhu Zizhen) 4.Yuan, Ming and Qing Tea Poems In Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, in addition to tea poems and tea ci, a new category was added, that is, tea-themed songs, especially Yuan songs, were the most popular. (1) The period of the Yuan Dynasty was not too long, and it advocated martial arts, "only knew how to bend the bow and shoot the big eagle".Therefore, compared with Tang and Song Dynasties, there were far fewer poets who chanted tea. Tea chanting poets in the Yuan Dynasty included Yelu Chucai, Yu Ji, Hong Xiwen, Xie Zongke, Liu Bingzhong, Zhang Zhu, Yuan Jue, Huang Geng, Sadura, Ni Zan, Li Qianheng, Ma Zhen, Li Dezai, Qiu Yuan, Li Junmin , Guo Linsun, etc. ①The genres of tea poems in the Yuan Dynasty include ancient poems, verses, and quatrains.And a new variety appeared: Yuanqu. Ancient poems such as Yuan Jue's "Pictures and Preface to Cooking Tea" and Hong Xiwen's "Song of Cooking Tea from Earth". Rhythmic poems such as Yelu Chucai's "Western Region Begging for Tea from Wang Junyu, Because of Its Seven Rhymes", the seven poems in this rhyme poem are all written with several rhymes of tea, cart, bud, credit, and xia, which have a unique flavor: The first song: "I haven't sip Jianxi tea for many years, my heart is filled with yellow dust. I think about the snow waves in the green jade Ou, and I recall the thunder buds by the golden mill. Lu Tong's seven bowls of poems are rare, and the dream of the old three Ou is also on credit. Dare Begging Junhou to score cakes, temporarily teach Qingxing to surround the haze. The seventh song: "Sip a bowl of tea in the south of the Yangtze River, and go through the thunderous car. The gold is crushed and the snow is flying, and the jasper is deep. The snow buds. The pen array Chen Bingshi thinks bravely, and the sleep demon rolls a dream soul on credit. The spirit is refreshing Nothing else to do, lie down and watch the setting sun make up for the broken clouds.” Quatrains include Ma Zhen's "Bamboo Window", Yu Ji's "Inscription on Su Dongpo's Ink Traces" and so on. 312 Tea Culture Chapter Yuan Operas were popular in the Yuan Dynasty, so tea also entered this field, such as Li Dezai's "Happy Spring Comes, Gifting Tea Houses" ten small orders, excerpts are as follows: 1. Gently lift a wisp of tea smoke, stir the four incense sticks of orchid paste, and cook better than Wei Yang.It's not a lie, get off your horse and try it. 7. Taste the rabbit in a small cup, it will leave a lingering fragrance all over your teeth, and a bottle of snow water is the best.The charm is evil, after all, it belongs to the Tao family. 10. The golden buds are tender and the branches are exposed, and the snowy frankincense is floating on top of the crisp. My family's rare products are unmatched in the world.Listen to the king, the price of the voice is full of the imperial capital. ② The themes of tea poems in the Yuan Dynasty also include famous tea, fried tea, drinking tea, famous springs, tea sets, tea picking, and tea skills. Famous tea poems include Yu Ji's "You Longjing" poem.This poem connects Longjing and tea, and is considered to be the earliest record of Longjing tea. "Wandering on the Dragon Well, the clouds cleared up. Cheng Gong came to love guests, and fetched water to pour into the secluded sinus. Sitting in my scorpion, the lingering fragrance is not smelled. But you can see the clear water in the ladle, and the emerald shadows fall in the mountains.When cooking golden buds, do not take after the rain.The second and third sons came together, and the third swallowed and couldn't bear to cough. " It is mentioned in the poem that the tea is pre-rain tea (do not take post-grain rain) and has a strong fragrance (such as the aroma of succulent grapes, that is, gardenia).Longjing spring water is also very clear and beautiful, you see!The green mountains are reflected in the ladle water (but you can see the clearness in the ladle, and the green shadows fall in the mountains). In addition, there are Liu Bingzhong's poem "Tasting Versicolor Tea" and Li Junmin's poem "New Sample Tuan Tea". There is Qiu Yuan's poem "Su Jiqing Temple" among the poems about fried tea: "Spinning purple bamboo shoots still contains sheaths". Xie Zongke's "Snow Fried Tea" poem: "Sweeping Han Ying and cooking green dust at night". Tea drinking poems include Wu Ji's "Occasionally Cheng" poem: "Crab soup bears a flag gun". The famous spring poems include Guo Linsun's "Youqiuqiu" poem: "Trying tea and drinking Hanjing". Tea set poems include Xie Zongke's "Tea Whisk". Tea-picking poem Qiu Yuan's poem: "Picking green tea without displaying the flag" Tea Gong Poem Yelu Chucai's Poem: "When I suddenly feel that the old man's poetic soul is refreshed, I feel that the people in the world are dreaming of credit." (2) Ming Dynasty In the early Ming Dynasty, the social economy had a relatively prosperous situation, but in the development of tea poetry, the Ming Dynasty failed to reach the height of Tang and Song.The poets who wrote tea poems mainly include Xie Yingfang, Chen Jiru, Xu Wei, Wen Zhengming, Yu Ruoying, Huang Zongxi, Lu Rong, Gao Qi, Yuan Hongdao, Xu Zhenqing, Xu Ben, Tang Yin and so on. ①The genres of tea poems are nothing more than ancient poems, verses, quatrains, bamboo branch words, palace words and tea words. Chen Jiru, an ancient poem, has a four-character ancient poem "Testing Tea": Qi Yin saves the cover, and the spiritual grass tries to be strange.The bamboo stove is quiet, and the pine fire flies angrily.Water makes light, and tea makes fat.The road is full of green fragrance, and I will never forget to return. Rhythmic poems are like Jujie's poem (Five Rhythms) of "Guo Yun Gong Asks about Tea After the Rain". Quatrains such as Xu Zhenqing's "Picture of Fried Tea" and "Trying Tea in Autumn Night" and so on. Zhuzhi Ci Wang Zhideng has "West Lake Zhuzhi Ci": The fragrant soil of Yamada is as red as mud, and plum blossoms are planted on the top and tea is planted on the bottom.Tea green buds are picked but not leaves, and there are many melodies regardless of flowers. Gongci Jin Sisun has a poem "Chongzhen Palace Ci": The tail of the pheasant rides on the cloud to open the Fenglou, and the wife is specially ordered to pay homage to Changqiu.New tea white from Guyu is given, and Jingtai inherits Xuandeou. The tea poems include Wang Shizhen's "Jie Yuhua - Inscribing Beauty Holding Tea", Wang Shimao's "Su Mu She - Xia Jing Inscribing Tea" and so on. ②The themes of tea poems include famous tea, tea sage Lu Yu, fried tea, drinking tea, famous springs, tea picking, tea making, tea skills, etc. The most famous tea poems are about Longjing tea, such as Yu Ruoying's "Longjing Tea", Tu Long's "Longjing Tea", Wu Kuan's "Xie Zhu Maogong Sending Longjing Tea in the Same Year" and so on.Others such as Yuyao Waterfall Tea (Huang Zongxi's "Yuyao Waterfall Tea" poem), Huqiu Tea (Xu Wei's "A Bozi Hui Huqiu Ming Xiezhi"), Shidai Tea (Xu Wei's "Xie Zhongjun Hui Shidai Tea"), Yang Xian tea ("Yangxian Tea" by Xie Yingfang), Yanshan tea ("Xie Jie'an Master Huixin Tea" by Zhang Yuanying), Junshan tea ("Junshan Tea" by Peng Changyun), etc. The tea sage Lu Yu's poem Han Yi's "Mountain Yard" has: "Joining the society, Tao Gong would rather stop drinking, and taste tea Lu Zi Jie Jiancha."Zhan Tong's poem "Send Fanghu Taoist": "Walking in the clouds, singing wine virtues, reading the tea scriptures in the rain". Fried tea poems include Wen Zhengming's "Fried Tea", Xie Yingfang's "Send a Question to Wuxi Qian Zhongyi Cooking Tea" and so on. Tea-drinking poems include "Trying Tiger Hill Tea" by Wang Shizhen and "Thank You for Trying Tea" by Wang Decao. The famous spring poems are mainly chanting Huishan spring, such as Wen Zhengming's poem: "The festival in the south of the valley is approaching, and the boat returns from Huishan spring." The poem "Drinking Yuquan": "The dragon's lips are thin and clean without any fishy smell, and they are purely soaked in thousands of greens in the southwest. The underground cave is named Ning Xiaoyou, and the famous spring in the south of the Yangtze River is Zhongling. The imperial kitchens are full of silver urns, and the monks and temples clearly rest on the jade screen." Refers to "Beijing Yuquan".Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty believed that the water quality was the standard for evaluating the quality of spring water.He once ordered a special small silver bucket, and used it to weigh many famous springs in China. As a result, Beijing Yuquan ranked first.Qianlong also specially wrote "Records of Yuzhi Yuquan Mountain, the First Spring in the World". Tea sets include tea stoves, stone stoves, and bamboo stoves for cooking tea, and mountain cages for transporting tea.Tang Yin's "Inscription on Painting" poem: "The spring breeze repairs the temples and recalls the south of the Yangtze River, and there is a load of wine and tea stoves." Wei Shimin's "Books for the Last Years" poem: "When the spring breeze is February and March, the stone furnace will be knocked on the fire to test new tea." Chen Jiru's poem: "Bamboo Stove for a Quiet Discussion." Gao Qi's "Send Manghu State" poem: "The tea is transported in the mountain cage, and the stream boat picks up the bamboo." Tea picking poems include Gao Qi's "Tea Picking Ci" and so on. The tea-making poem "Guo Shan Jia" written by Gao Qi: "Everyone's family roasts tea in the afternoon". The poem "Tea Pavilion" written by Gao Qi: "You don't need to wake up and blow your soul, and you will never sleep." Pan Yunzhe's poem "Thank you for tea": "Coldly sip the tea, wanting to resist the wind and make purple clouds." Other poems include Lu Rong's "Sending Tea to the Monk" and so on. (3) In the Qing Dynasty, Cao Tingdong, Chen Zhang, Zhang Rixi, Cao Xueqin, He Shaoji, Gong Zizhen, Aixinjueluo Hongli (Emperor Qianlong), Zheng Fan, Gao E, Lu Tingcan, Wang Chaolin, Gu Yanwu wrote tea poems mainly. and others. ①The genres of tea poems include ancient poems, verses, quatrains, bamboo branch poems, tea poems, and "Tao Qing". Ancient poems such as Du Jie's "Testing the Spring in Yongning Temple" (Five Ancients) and so on. Rhythmic poems such as Qu Dajun's "Xiqiao Zuo" (Wuli), Gu Yanwu's "Datong Xikou Miscellaneous Poems" (Wuli) and so on. Quatrains such as Yang Dayu's "Knocking Ice to Make Tea" and Hu Yuyue's "Knocking Ice to Make Tea" Wait. Zhuzhi Ci, such as "Zhuzhi Ci" written by Zheng Yu, is a love poem, expressing a woman's affectionate love for a young man through drinking tea: The river mouth of the Penjiang River is a slave family, and Lang Ruo comes to have tea in his spare time.There is a thatched house with walls built of loess, and there is a redbud tree in front of the door. There is a poem "Man Ting Fang——Gift to Guo Fangyi" by Zheng Fan, a tea poet: In the cold window, cooking tea and sweeping snow, a bowl of reading lights. Daoqing Daoqing is a category of quyi, which is characterized by singing as the main part and talking as the supplement, and some of them only sing but not talk.Zheng Yu wrote "Ten Poems of Daoqing", the second of which mentions tea: "Meditate on black lacquered futons, and burn tea at night with a red fire". ②The themes of tea poems include famous tea, tea sage Lu Yu, making tea, drinking tea, famous springs, tea sets, tea picking, tea making, tea gardens, tea skills, etc. The most famous tea poems are about Longjing tea. Emperor Qianlong visited the West Lake in Hangzhou and wrote four poems about Longjing tea: "Watching Tea and Compose Songs (Before)", "Watching Tea and Compose Songs (after)", "Sitting Dragon Inoue Cooking Tea Occasionally", "Revisiting Longjing Composition".Next, there are Wuyi tea ("Yong Wuyi Tea" by Lu Tingcan), Luyuan tea ("Luyuan tea" by Seng Quantian), Biluochun (made by Anonymous), and Yucha ("Song Mao and Tang Entering Yixing to Make Qiuji" by Song Yi) ), songluo tea (Zheng Fan's poem), Gongfu tea (Wang Buchan's "Gongfu Tea"), etc. The tea sage Lu Yu's poem "Sang Zhu passed on the old scriptures" (Lu Tingcan's poem). "The tea is cooked in a small stove with yellow mud, and the words are learned in the white rain at the window" (Zheng Fan's "Gift to the Master Bo Ye"). Sencha poems include Wang Guiyi's "Guanzhong Confucianism and Confucianism Cooking Tea", Du Jun's "Xunpu Temple in Hongji Temple" and so on. Tea drinking poems include Du Jun's "Beishan Sipping Tea", "Luomuan Sipping Tea with Pu Taoist" and so on. Famous Springs Shiqing People don't pay much attention to naming springs thousands of miles away, so what you see from tea poems is often mountain springs, ice, snow water, etc. "After the snow, the cold stars come out, and the mountain spring cooks ice at night" (Du Jun's "Sipping Tea in Beishan"). "Boiling ice is like boiling stone, and pouring tea is like pouring milk" (Hu Yuyi's "Boiling Tea on Ice"). "But I like to serve my children and know how to try tea, and sweep the fresh snow and cook it in time" (Cao Xueqin's "Dream of Red Mansions Four Seasons Immediate Events Winter Night Immediate Events") and so on. Tea set poem Zheng Fan's "Li's Small Garden Three Poems No. 3": The elder brother sweeps yellow leaves, the younger brother cooks autumn tea cups with Xuande porcelain, and pots with Yixing sand. The tea-picking poems Chen Zhang and Zhang Rixi each have a "Tea-picking Song".The poem expresses deep sympathy for the working people who pick tea. The tribute letter was moved down to the government, but the cold buds of Guanshan hadn't spit out.The baked grains are more bitter than lotus heart, but who knows that Nong is more bitter than lotus heart (Chen Zhangshi).The sarong is red and frugal to dress up, and the tea will be busy with silkworms. The incense burner with jade wrists smells fragrant tea, it's a pity that she is not a tea picker (poem by Zhang Rixi). Tea-making poem Song Yi's "Send Mao and Tang to Yixing to Make Autumn": "Smoke warms the fragrance of roasted tea".The Guzhu purple bamboo shoot tea in the Tang Dynasty developed to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and a new variety of the tea appeared in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Qiujie is the autumn tea. Tea Garden Poet Qu Dajun’s "Xiqiao Zuo": "Everyone lives in the top, and the tea field is full of mountains." Cao Tingdong has "The Song of Planting Tea": "The root of the locust tree is made of mud and shallow, and then it is mixed with barley. The chaff is mixed with soil. Layer upon layer, it is necessary to make business feel connected.”It shows a method of growing tea seeds mixed with tea seeds and barley.This is a good material for studying the sowing methods of tea trees in ancient my country. Gao E, a poem on tea skills, has a poem called "Tea", in which he uses many allusions to illustrate the functions of tea. The tiles cook the spring snow, and the light fragrance produces ancient porcelain.After the clear window divides the milk, when the cold night guest comes.Rinse your teeth to eliminate alcohol, and pour your chest into poetry.Qiaoqing and Guhe, the flavor is more suitable for you. Other poetic treasures Xiangshan people have a poem offering tea to their deceased friends, "Poet Xuefan's Tomb Cooking Wuyi Tea in Daming Temple Springs, Zuo Chen Youcheng, Xi Taobo Lan Fu": The tea was tested in Wuyi instead of wine, Zhijun died of thirst in Wucheng.Don't bury the bones of Zen wisdom, but recommend Qingquan to be close to Daming.The cold food comes and spring is hateful, and the peach blossoms fall and the road is clear.Song Sheng and Xie Yan disappeared, and today I can apply for an underground relationship. A native of Baoxiangshan, known as Zhuoerkan, he was a soldier of the Han Dynasty. He wrote Gongshi and wrote "Jinqingtang Ji".Xuefan: The name of the Song and Jin Dynasties, Daoguang Jinshi. It is really rare to see poems offering tea to friends who have died.The whole poem, like a sacrificial oration, is full of mourning. (Qian Shilin) 5.Modern Tea Poetry Tea production in my country gradually declined in the late Qing Dynasty. Since the 1950s, tea production has developed rapidly. Therefore, tea poetry creation has also emerged a new situation, especially since the 1980s. With the rise of tea culture activities, the creation of tea poems has become more prosperous, leaving many new works full of charm for people. Such as Zhu De's "Looking at the West Lake Tea Area", "Lushan Cloud and Mist Tea", Dong Biwu's "Tour to Guishan", Chen Yi's "Meijiawu Scenery", Guo Moruo's "Chuqin Gaoqiao Silver Peak", etc. In addition, Zhao Puchu, Tang Tao , Kang Zhuo, Aixinjueluo Pujie, Su Buqing, Qi Gong, etc., as well as people in the tea industry Hu Haochuan, Zhuang Wanfang, Wang Zenong, etc. have also written tea poems. new stage. (Qian Shilin) Tea songs and tea dances, like tea and poetry, are a kind of tea culture phenomenon derived from the main culture of tea production and drinking.They appeared not only in the later stage of the development of song and dance in our country, but also after the production and drinking of tea in our country became a regular content of social production and life.From the existing tea history materials, tea became the content of singing, which was first seen in Sun Chu's "Chuge" in the Western Jin Dynasty, which said "Jianggui tea came out of Bashu". The "tea" mentioned here refers to tea.As for the tea songs dedicated to singing about tea leaves, where did they start? Unable to check.From Pi Rixiu's "Preface to Miscellaneous Songs in Tea", "Du Yu had a Fu in the past Jin Dynasty, and Ji Zhen had a tea song", the earliest tea song we know is Lu Yu's tea song.But unfortunately, this tea song has long been lost.However, about the tea songs in the mid-Tang Dynasty, you can still find several songs in the "Quan Tang Poems", such as Jiaoran's "Tea Song", Lu Tong's "Xie Meng Jianyi Sending New Tea", Liu Yuxi's "Xishan Lanruo Trying Tea Song" and so on. .Especially Lu Tong's tea songs are often quoted.In ancient my country, as "Erya" said: "The sound is comparable to the qin and se and the songs on the day"; Then his poems are also songs.Did Lu Tong compose a song in the Tang Dynasty in "Passing the Pen, Xie Meng Admonishment and Sending New Tea"?I don't know; but in the Song Dynasty, works such as Wang Guanguo's "Xuelin" and Wang Shipeng's "Huaiji Customs Fu" were called "Lu Tong Tea Song" or "Lu Tong Xie Meng Admonishment Tea Song", which shows that at least In the Song Dynasty, this poem was sung with chapters and instrumental music.In the Song Dynasty, tea poems were often passed down as tea songs. For example, Xiong Fan said in the preface to the ten "Tea Picking Songs in Yuyuan": "In the early dynasty, Cao Si was granted the title of Xiumu, and he called himself a retired scholar. He once wrote ten "Songs of Picking Tea in the Royal Garden", which were passed down in the population. Fan would like to caress the story, and also composed ten poems for the Cao envoy." The so-called "passed in the population" , is to sing among the people. What I said above is turning poetry into song, that is, turning the works of literati into folk lyrics.Another source of tea songs is to sing from ballads, and the folk songs are arranged and composed by literati and then returned to the folk.This is the case in the "Gongcha Shad Song" circulated in Fuyang, Hangzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.This song was adapted into a song by Han Bangqi according to "Fuyang Ballad" in the ninth year of Zhengde (AD 1514).Its lyrics read: "The tea from Fuyang Mountain, the fish from Fuyang River, the fragrance of the tea ruins my house, and the fat of the fish is sold to my son. The tea picker, the fisherman, the government tortured and plundered the skin, the emperor is a saint, what is wrong with this place? No fish here. Leaving other counties, tea and tea not leaving other capitals, when will Fuyang Mountain be destroyed? When will Fuyang River dry up? If the mountains are destroyed and the tea is dead, the river will dry up and there will be no fish. If the mountains are not destroyed and the rivers will not dry up, how can our people survive? ! "Song 122 Tea Culture Piece, through a series of questions, sang the intrusion and pain suffered by the people in Fuyang area when purchasing tribute tea and catching tribute fish. "Sin, was imprisoned in Jinyi Prison in the capital for many years. Another and main source of tea songs is the folk songs or folk songs created entirely by tea farmers and tea workers themselves.For example, in the Qing Dynasty, the song was circulated among Jiangxi workers who went to Wuyi Mountain to pick and process tea every year. The lyrics said: After the Qingming Festival passed the edge of the rain, I took up my burden and went to Fujian. Thinking of Fujian without going back, I climbed upstairs in the middle of the night. Three bundles of straw make a bed, and two fir logs make pillows. Thinking of Chong'an is really pitiful, half a bowl of pickled vegetables and half a bowl of salt. The tea goes down the mountain and leaves Jiangxi, and eating a bowl of green tea is better than chicken. It's really pitiful to pick tea, I don't have two nights of sleep for three nights. Eat cold food under the tea tree, and calculate wages next to the lamp. There are nine dragons on Wuyi Mountain, and nine of the ten Baotou are poor. Rely on hands when young and poor, and carry bamboo tubes when old and poor. Similar tea songs are also recorded in local chronicles of Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan provinces in addition to Jiangxi and Fujian.These tea songs did not form a unified tune at the beginning. Later, a special "tea-picking tune" was bred and produced, so that the tea-picking tune was juxtaposed with folk songs, pan songs, Wugeng tunes, and Chuanjiang chant, etc., and developed into a folk song in southern my country. A form of traditional folk song.Of course, after the tune of tea-picking becomes a style of folk songs, the content of its singing is not necessarily limited to tea events or the scope related to tea events. Tea Picking Tune is a folk song of the Han nationality. In some ethnic minorities in Southwest my country, many tunes such as "Tea Tea Tune", "Tea Tea Tune" and "Tea Presentation Tune" have evolved.For example, Tibetans living in northwestern Yunnan sing different folk songs everywhere when working and living.如挤奶时，唱“格奶调”；结婚时，唱“结婚调”；宴会时，唱“敬酒调”；青年男女相会时，唱“打茶调”、“爱情调”。又如居住金沙江西岸的彝族支系白依人，旧时结婚第三天祭过门神开始正式宴请宾客时，吹唢呐的人，按照待客顺序，依次吹“迎宾调”、“敬茶调”、“敬烟调”、“上菜调”等等。说明我国有些兄弟民族，和汉族一样，不仅有茶歌，也形成了若干有关茶的固定乐曲。 当代，茶农随着经济上的日渐富足，文化上的不断提高，正如有些茶区的民谣所说：“手采茶叶口唱歌，一筐茶叶一筐歌”，歌声更是不绝于茶园，回荡在山谷。与此同时，广大文艺工作者，深入生活，到茶乡采风，使茶叶民歌由山乡登上舞台，走进银幕，响彻大江南北，传遍长城内外。如周大风词曲的《采茶舞曲》，风貌一变，展现了一幅清新的江南茶园的茶事风光画卷。如其歌词云： “溪水清清溪水长，溪水两岸好呀么好风光。哥哥呀你上畈下畈勤插秧，妹妹们东山西山采茶忙。插秧插到大天亮，采茶采到月儿上；插得秧来匀又快，采得茶来满山香。你追我赶不怕累，敢与老天争春光，争呀么争春光。 “溪水清清溪水长，溪水两岸采呀么采茶忙。姐姐呀你采茶好比凤点头，妹妹呀你摘青好比鱼跃网。一行一行又一行，摘下的青叶往篓里装；千篓万篓堆成山，篓篓嫩茶发清香。多快好省来采茶，好换机器好换钢，好呀么好换钢。” 上面讲的是茶歌，《采茶舞曲》其歌其曲可以单独演奏、演唱，但其创作的主要用途，还是伴舞。关于以茶事为内容的舞蹈，可能发轫甚早，但元代和明清期间，是我国舞蹈的３２２茶文化篇一个中衰阶段，所以，史籍中，有关我国茶叶舞蹈的具体记载很少。现在能知的，只是流行于我国南方各省的“茶灯”或“采茶灯”。 茶灯，和马灯、霸王鞭等，是过去汉族比较常见的一种民间舞蹈形式。茶灯，是福建、广西、江西和安徽“采茶灯”的简称。它在江西，还有“茶篮灯”和“灯歌”的名字；在湖南、湖北，则称为“采茶”和“茶歌”；在广西又称为“壮采茶”和“唱采舞”。这一舞蹈不仅各地名字不一，跳法也有不同。但是，一般基本上是由一男一女或一男二女（也可有三人以上）参加表演。舞者腰系绸带，男的持一钱尺（鞭）作为扁担、锄头等，女的左手提茶篮，右手拿扇，边歌边舞，主要表现姑娘们在茶园的劳动生活。 除汉族和壮族的《茶灯》民间舞蹈外，我国有些民族盛行的盘舞、打歌，往往也以敬茶和饮茶的茶事为内容，这从一定的角度来看，也可以说是一种茶叶舞蹈。如彝族打歌时，客人坐下后，主办打歌的村子或家庭，老老少少，恭恭敬敬，在大锣和唢呐的伴奏下，手端茶盘或酒盘，边舞边走，把茶、酒一一献给每位客人，然后再边舞边退。云南洱源白族打歌，也和彝族上述情况极其相像，人们手中端着茶或酒，在领歌者（歌目）的带领下，唱着白语调，弯着膝，绕着火塘转圈圈，边转边抖动和扭动上身，以歌纵舞，以舞狂歌。 近４０多年来，我国文艺工作者在“采茶灯”的基础上，先后又创作出了“采茶扑蝶舞”、“采茶舞”等一系列茶叶舞蹈，使“采茶灯”这一原先行于山乡的民间舞，由山区跳至城市，由南方舞到北方，由中国展姿世界，从而使这一由茶文化派生的中国特有的舞蹈形式，直接迈进了世界舞蹈艺术的殿堂。 (Zhu Zizhen)