Chapter 23 "Broad sea and sky" and "ancient and modern Chinese and foreign"

"Broad sea and sky" and "ancient and modern Chinese and foreign" One day, I was chatting with a new colleague.I accidentally asked, "What did you teach in your first class?" He smiled and answered me, "I have studied ancient and modern China and foreign countries for an hour!" He explained the facts in this way, and showed humility.It never occurred to me that the adjunct word "ancient, modern, Chinese and foreign" can be used as a verb, and the word "le" can be added to indicate the passage of time; when I heard it suddenly, I felt very fresh, just like eating broad beans in Guangdong that have just been marketed.A few days later, I asked another new colleague the same question.But he said: "The sea is wide and the sky is wide! The sea is wide and the sky is wide!" I used to know the couplet "the sea is wide enough for fishes to leap, and the sky for birds to fly" - I often saw it in the hall of a classmate's house - but such usage, It's the first time I've heard it!I am so happy that I got two fresh meanings, which allowed me to think about the way of life by analogy.

Huang Yuansheng once wrote an article "The Public Poison of the People" in "Oriental Magazine", talking about the ills of Chinese people's general thinking.He cited the example in the novel, the literary one must know everything about piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and the martial arts must be proficient in all eighteen martial arts!I think it would be more appropriate for him to cite Wen Suchen in "Ye Sou's Exposure" and Zhang Qiugu in "Nine-Tailed Turtle", because these two are all talented in civil and military affairs!What a civil and military "all" talent!The word "quan" has become "the public poison of the people"!Since ancient times, we have had the "Great Sage Teacher" who "knowledges nothing", and the traditional teaching of "Knowing nothing is a shame for Confucians", as well as Zou Yan who "talked about the sky and carved dragons". The aftertaste has been spread so far; everyone has intensified, thinking that all good old people must "know astronomy at the top and geography at the bottom", and "Chinese learning is the essence, Western learning is practical" is the other side of this good old man. "Abstract" is of course "complete", but "hook-through" and "harmonious" are also "complete"! "All" comes and "all" goes, "all" is a mess, a mess!You see, Westerners are much smarter. They quietly give "omniscience" and "omnipotence" to God, and never want to claim "full" names; ——They don't understand the all-round power!

But Wilde also said a word, it seems that our public is poisonous, but it is not; he wants to "eat all the fruits in the garden of the earth"!He wants to have fun, and he wants to have as much fun as possible!He doesn't care about anything!But he is a "human", unlike Wen Suchen and Zhang Qiugu who are monsters;In short, he was unconventional.Although his words are exaggerated, they are not as strong as traditional Chinese thinking; because they only talk about the earth and not the sky.What's more, he just "want" instead of "able", which is different from Wen Su's generation; "want" is in human feelings, "can" is beyond human feelings! "Omniscient", "omnipotent", or there is really only one God; but the requirement of "omniscience" is everyone's right--with this requirement, it becomes "life"! ——There is also Ibsen's "All or Nothing", but it is a sharp steel knife; because it is another aspect, it does not matter.

But Wilde's request is exclusive to the world of sensations, which I always thought was too monotonous.Life is like a kaleidoscope, which is constantly changing due to different times and places. We must understand, feel and participate in many aspects to be truly interesting; the ancients called "breast", "breast", "Lap degree", slightly close to this.But "many aspects" is just a general requirement: how many aspects there can be depends on people's talents-we just hope that the more the better!This is different from the traditional "seeking completeness", "you can know it even if you grope in secret".This kind of mind-to use the broadest meaning that the word can have-if I want to describe it concretely, I think it is best to use what my two new colleagues said: "the sea and the sky" and "ancient and modern Chinese and foreign"!I use these two adjectives in a positive sense, or more worthy of them. ——"Ancient, modern, Chinese and foreign" was originally a curse word, which first appeared in "New Youth" and was fabricated by Mr. Qian Xuantong (?).Later, Mr. Zhou Zuoren had an article of miscellaneous feelings, but he used it in a positive sense, probably on intellectual tolerance; but this happened two or three years ago, and I have blurred the content of that article.

France said in his "Exploration of the Soul": Man's inability to jump out of himself is a truth, and it is one of our greatest afflictions.If we can observe the universe with the eyesight of a fly observing in all directions, or understand nature with the mind of a rough and simple ape, even if it is only for a moment, why should we not do it?It's because of this that I can't. . . . We are imprisoned within one body, as if imprisoned for eternity. (According to Ms. Yang Yuanchangying's translation, see "Pacific Ocean" Volume 4, No. 4.) Ellis also said in his "Reflections" in "Self-centered":

We all obviously see the universe from our own centered point of view, and value the part we play. (See the thirteenth issue of "Yusi".) We can collectively refer to these two kinds of "speaking numbers" as "ego"—but they are different from the "ego" in Buddhism.A person has his own body and mind, which is different from everyone; and the body and mind are inherited, and there are inheritance, era, surroundings, education, etc., which are especially varied and varied.These are woven together into an "I", just like a dense magic net; although it is invisible, it is really a clear, difficult or even insurmountable boundary.So the good ones, the bad ones, the obedient ones, the stupid ones, the pretty ones, the long ones, the short ones, the fat ones and the thin ones, they all came, all came. "Everyone can change their tricks, and each has its own ingenuity and difference"; it is because everyone changes their own tricks that there is such a great world.When it comes to saying that everyone can only play their own tricks, and only thinks they are clever, it is natural to be a little bit: "poor and irritating"; How mere!But—oh, hold on!Fortunately, there is still a footnote of "subtly different", which can be used up and down; the word "different" is a panacea, and it must not be ignored!Our "ego" is determined by fate, and it is irreversible; there is only one layer, "I" is never cast by a machine, and it is never printed from a printing plate. There are various differences between them. , the above has been sketched out roughly and roughly—now I have to pick up another difference: the breadth and narrowness of "I" are very different! No one can avoid "ego-attachment", and there is no need to avoid it, but the attachments can be big or small, deep or shallow, and there is a lot to be said in between;

You think that "standing up to the sky" is a set of tricks, it is an "I", "stuck in the sky", or "crazy like a colt", like a frog at the bottom of a well, like a donkey in a mill, it is also a set of tricks, it is also a trick. An "I"!How far is the difference between the two?To put it more simply, one is the sky and the other is the earth; to put it more trivially, one is the sky and the other is the abyss; to put it more freshly, one is the sun and the other is the earth!Some people in the world have read tens of thousands of books, some have traveled thousands of miles, and even Darwin created the theory of evolution, Ernstein created the principle of relativity; Besides, I have never met anyone, and I have never heard anything other than my own dialect. Of course, the celestial sphere and the earth have nothing to do with them. Britain, Germany, the emperor, the president, the golden mirror, and the silver ocean have nothing to do with them!The reason why they are different from the donkeys in the mill is really "jixi"!It's just blindfolded, walking around the house all day long, traveling thousands of miles a day, and staying at home.You can say that these two kinds of people are just the same, and they can't jump straight out of the palm of the Tathagata Buddha—"myself!"; they are all sitting in the prison of "myself", thinking about the importance of "myself"!Yes, but you know the two are never the same!You and I can't jump out of the palm of the Tathagata Buddha, and Sun Wukong can't jump out of the palm of his old man; but can you and I turn somersaults of thousands of miles?If you say you can't, it's different! "Can't" even though "can't", "different" is still "different".How vast and how long do you think the world is!If you use numbers to calculate, even if you draw circles for a whole day, you may not be able to draw all the circles in the number!In such an overall situation of heaven and earth, the earth is already like a speck of dust, let alone the number of people, so we can only be counted as specks of dust!People are so small, no wonder they can only circle around in "self".But to know the smallness of the "self" is to be big; the most important thing is to seek the big in the small!The dwarf among the firstborn becomes the eldest among the dwarfs, and this is the greatest of the small.We shall be the firstborn of dwarfs, and we shall enlarge ourselves as far as we can!We still play our own tricks, but not only think we are clever, but also think we are "better than others"; not only can we open a small grocery store in the Mainland, we are going to Shanghai to open Xianshi Company!

"I" has two aspects, deep and wide. "Self-centeredness" can be said to be the deep side; what philosophers call "knowledge" ("knowestthyself"), and what moralists call "selfishness" - "self-interest" can also be included in this side.How to make my body healthy?How to make my brain good?what do i knowwhat do i loveWhat do I do?what do i wantHow can I get what I want?How to make me one of the most important characters among them?This series of question marks can always tell you the outline of the deep "I"; if you "self-introspect", you will have eight or nine points.But you will soon find out that this deep "I" does not stay alone, it also has a dear, warm companion.You hug me, I hug you; I don't know who bound their two feet!Like a three-legged race, they are forever inseparable!If you want to make a joke, just say that the two of them are "working together", and they can't justify themselves. - but again!Who is this companion?This is the broad "I"!Didn't I say that?Only when you know how big the world is, you know how small you are!Therefore, "self-knowledge" must first "know others".There is a saying in the art of war: "Know yourself and know the enemy, and you will be victorious in a hundred battles." You can prove this truth.It turns out that "I" is in the world; the world is a big net, big or small①, and "I" is just a very tiny knot; even if a hair can affect the whole body, can't the whole net affect a tiny one? Knot?In fact, "I" is "the best in the world"! "Knowing yourself" without "knowing others" first is just a way to gather in a corner and never communicate with each other; it's just "summer worms" who "can't talk about ice", frogs at the bottom of the well, donkeys in the mill, and the like.Only those who can "know him" can really have "self-knowledge"; just like Princess Iron Fan's fan, it can only be closed if it can be put.The more you know, the wider your connection will be; spread your "self" all over the world, penetrate into things, look at its size, radius, and weight, density, and density, and then you can dissect and recognize it gradually. The true face of "myself".As the saying goes: "burn you to ashes, I know you!" We are about to think this way: first smash this "I" into ashes with a fist, and then blow it up with the wind, or float in the air. on the mat, or fell into the lavatory②, or landed on the back of an eagle, or jumped on the top of a coral tree, or hid on the sideburns of a lover, or got stuck in Guan Yun's long beard... and then received Put the ashes into the palm, knead the ashes into shape, and naturally the beard and eyebrows will appear, radiant and radiant, unlike the scene of "the beginning of chaos" in the beginning!Therefore, the deep "I" is in the wide "I", and without a deep "I", the wide "I" has no way to stand; Infinity also.

① This is a local dialect, which means "great". ②Fan Zhenyu: It is used here, which is different from his original meaning. Seeking the infinite in the finite is the freedom we can have.This is either the freedom of "wild horses are more free than being ridden" ①, or "the same freedom as pigs have the freedom to fly" ②; but freedom is always different from no freedom, whether it is white or black!Saying "pigs have the freedom to fly" was the same as saying "humans have the freedom to fly" half a century ago.But half a century later, we can already see people flying freely, although they still have to be in airplanes or airships.You may sneer and say, wait for it!Wait for it!At best, it is still "freedom to be ridden"!But what is that?Birds also rely on their wings!Besides, there is the future, and the future of the future!Just like the words of France quoted above: "If we could use the multi-faceted eyes of flies to observe the world for a moment..." ③ It is true that it is impossible at the moment, but someone has tried it!I once saw a book in Japanese—I remember it was "Nursery Rhymes B Suifang", with a color picture at the front of the volume, and the title "The World Through the Eyes of Flies" (roughly speaking).Everything in the picture is extremely bizarre; although I know that this may not be the case in the eyes of flies, but I believe it——I seem to be a little fly, intoxicated in that strange world!Going forward in this way, who can say that France's "what if" will never become "sure enough"! ——The "Yusi" is too long. All in all, all in all, we just want to be more clever than others, and we just want to go to Shanghai to open Xianshi Company; this is the freedom we can have. "Scholars can know the affairs of the world without going out." This may be a bit old-fashioned;

① "Xi Huan" page 158. ② See the translation of "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". ③The translation of Mr. Zhou Zuoren is used here, see page 181 of "My Own Garden". Well, let’s have a new one, “look at the world”①, let’s be a “cosmopolitan”—a “cosmopolitan” is, according to my dictionary, a “non-settled person”, There are also meanings such as "filling the whole world" and "one family of the world"; although it is a very simple explanation, I think it is enough, so I won't look through the cumbersome dictionary anymore. The words in ① are only used here.

I wrote nine manuscript papers "broad sea and sky" or "ancient and modern Chinese and foreign"; you may have some "headaches" if you go around in circles? "Just listen to the sound of the floor, but no one comes down!" You will doubt the "way of life" mentioned in the first section of Kaizong Mingyi. play!No!Don't worry, it's here.Not only talking about "broad sea and sky" and "ancient and modern China and foreign countries", but also talking about "methods", it is really a bit like looking outward with the left hand, and rushing to look in and out with the right hand, isn't it ridiculous!But the old saying is good, "A man can bend and stretch", and I can just use it to make fun of it; besides, there is always a limit when it comes to words and interpretations, so why do you bother to argue?Besides, although the "method" is small, it is not without its greatness; this is also the so-called "limited infinity".Speaking of "infinity" really confuses me!The method is also complicated, and it is much more difficult than "a seventeen histories"; although it is said to "think big and start small", it really takes me a while to decide where to start! - Yes!Let me imitate Li Kui, jumped out of the black pine forest, swung the axe, and hacked him casually!That's what I thought!Li Kui is by no means Wu Yong; of course, there is nothing to say about his meticulous and rigorous reasoning!But the method I mentioned was not to boldly propose a plan for everyone, but to present the things I like to use for everyone to see.This is just my "road to freedom", and of course I just found it out of my interest; and in the vast universe, among the countless "Is", what a mere me is really?Moreover, since I "I" am trying to magnify myself, whether the taste of the future is the same as the taste of today is still unknown.So this article is just my nonsense, and you can just listen to it; but if after reading it, you can think about it for yourself and come up with a really clever method to be a person who "broad seas and sky" and "ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign", at that time Although I feel that I am more narrow-minded and have to think otherwise, I am still very happy; I will laugh until the straw hat falls off my head. In fact, regarding the so-called "method", I have already revealed some words: "We must be able to understand, feel and participate in many aspects in order to be truly interesting." I am now working as a teacher.I have been a teacher for five years, and I am so tired!The blackboard is always black, the chalk is always white, and I am always me!All day long, she is in a daze, and sometimes she is amazed that she is alive.I think our life is like a gulf of water, which can be transformed into various patterns at will; but now we have built a weir to cut off its flow, so how can it not become muddy?So if a person keeps doing one kind of profession and always thinks that it is "one kind of" profession, that is really a dead end!It’s ridiculous to say that I’m always thinking about changing my career; just like the futurist script says, “Change your husband”①, I also remind myself from time to time, “Change your job②!” I don’t want to be an official, but I really want to know How does the officer do it.This is not an easy task! The facts described in "Official Appearance" are too ridiculous!Besides, the world has changed again now! The reporter of "Efforts Weekly" once quoted Tang Erhe, then the Minister of Education at the time of the Wang Cabinet, as saying: "What you are talking about is not unreasonable; but I went to the government to see that it is not the same thing at all!" (roughly) ) "That's not the case at all!" It can be seen that if you don't enter the tiger's den, how can you get a tiger's cub!So I wanted to be a secretary, to see what the official did?Because of the secretary, I think of the clerk of the clerical department: I think a person has made a lot of money and become a capitalist. I don't know how to live?Most importantly, what does he think?We only know that he has a car, a tall bungalow, and a concubine, but that is not enough. —From the capitalist to the boy, how do they spend their years?Bank clerks love to buy betting tickets, and pawnbrokers love to be shirtless in summer—the rest, the rest, I am a little confused!When we first arrived in Shanghai, we always had to go to the big world once.But there is a colorful business world in Shanghai, why don't we go shopping?So I wanted to be a clerical clerk in some company, to have a taste of business.Shanghai not only has a business world, but also a news world.I also want to be a journalist, so that I can see more weird people and weird things.Besides, there is so much more I want to do!Workers in dirty caps and blue shirts, farmers with yellow mud legs and tobacco pipes in their mouths, soldiers with guns in their mouths, I want to imitate their lives.But it's easier said than done; I'm not God, and I'm not sure of it!These are all unreasonable delusions, wouldn't it be the same as a toad wanting to eat swan meat! —Having said that; "Don't ask about the harvest, just ask about the cultivation" is also a way to ridicule.Besides, taking a step back, if you can think about it this way, it might not have a light taste, the same taste as "Galrick" cigarettes.Besides, if our God is really stingy with his opportunity, I have thought about it: From now on, I will try my best to find some taste in the "black and white life", unlike the old days when I went to and from classes casually. it is also fine!The Italian Amicis said that there was a gentleman who had been a teacher in a small school for 60 years; after he retired at an old age, he still recalled the past from time to time: when he closed his eyes, it was as if there were many children and many classes in front of him. ; Hearing the sound of a child reading by chance, he became sad and said: "I have no school and no children!" ①It can be seen that nothing is difficult in the world, as long as there is a heart!But while I envy this lovely gentleman, I can't stop thinking about it; my heart is not a quiet avenue, but a crossroads! ① "Change Your Husband" translated by Song Chunfang, once published in "Oriental Magazine". ② Occupation also. ① Amicis (1846-1908), an Italian writer.The above content can be found in the seventh volume of the translated version of the book. My delusion can also be reduced; I can never be a "person of color", but I can make friends with "people of all colors".From their lives, I can also share the joys and sorrows and appreciate more of the human flavor; although it is not as good as doing it myself. It is said in "Education of Love": "People who only communicate in one class are just like students who only read one book." It is really "reasonable and reasonable"!Today's young people like to meet a few girlfriends; on the one hand, it is because of sexual attraction, and on the other hand, it is precisely to moisten this dry and monotonous life.A husband of mine once told us that he had a friend who had just returned to Beijing from a foreign country; after staying for more than a month, he always felt that something made him feel uncomfortable, but he couldn't tell what it was.Then one day, somehow, he discovered it: it turns out that there is too little woman on the streets of Beijing!He felt that such a life was really dry and tasteless!But just being a girlfriend is not enough for me; I often want to meet some children and be my children's friends.Some people say that being with children and living with them will make you a child, a grown-up child; therefore, primary school teachers are not easy to grow old.This is quite interesting, and I believe it.In the first half of last year, a friend with a childlike innocence and I had an appointment with students from a nearby elementary school, and had a few fun parties; everyone told jokes, told stories, took pictures, ate candy, and watched pictures, and they were all very happy .Later, when the summer vacation came, they copied our address and said they wanted to correspond with us.Not only school-aged children can be my friends, but also those in kindergarten, and it is more interesting.And look at this paragraph: Finally, the mother escaped from the courtroom.The children chased to the fence, their faces blocked the gaps in the fence, they stretched out their little hands, and handed out bread, apple slices, butter cubes and other things one after another.shouted together: "Good-bye, good-bye! Come again tomorrow, please come again!" (See "The Nursery School" in the seventh volume of the translation.) If I had such a child, I would rather go there every day!In addition, farmers and workers need to get along with each other.I live in the country now, and I often chat with neighboring farmers, and I once drank with them, which I find interesting.I also know that friends of my friends in Beijing and Shanghai always find a few workers to chat with every day;If you can make a few foreign friends, it will be even more unique.In the past, the Shanghai Chinese Esperanto Association taught people to learn Esperanto, saying that they could communicate with people from all over the world; later, some people criticized them, saying that the value of speaking Esperanto is just like that!Criticism is certainly good.But it is an interesting thing to communicate with people from all over the world! ——One more thing, if one's own wife and children are regarded as friends in another aspect, they can also receive new revelations.Do not believe it?try it! If you think that the barriers of class are not easy to break, and the barriers of people's hearts are not easy to open; then you frown, smack your lips, and say: "It is really difficult to make friends like this!" Yes; but——you I underestimated myself too much, it was so useless there!Anyway, I have another set of cheaper changes to show you; this is called "knowing people".It's okay not to make friends, but it's always possible to know some other people's "nosy".My so-called "nosy" is actually just another name for "participation".For example, I thought I was going to participate in the last strike of Japanese cotton factory workers in Shanghai; I could either help them, or just watch the exciting live action.In short, if you know them more or less and have a relationship with them to some extent, that's enough.Another example is that my student has a lawsuit with the newspaper, and I have to go to the court to hear the trial; in this way, I can know what kind of people the judge and the defendant are.Another example is Mr. Wu Zhihui, whom I didn’t know at first, but after listening to his speeches and reading his books, I can get to know him roughly. ——Reading is really a good idea!Not only can you know the people of today, but also the ancients; not only can you know the Chinese, but you can also know the foreigners.The same clever calculation is to read the newspaper!Reading newspapers can encounter many fresh problems and arouse fresh thinking.For example, when the Communist Party joins the Kuomintang, is it to take advantage of it, or is it a joint operation?If Mr. Sun Yat-sen died before the "revolution" boasted by "Duan Zhili", when Cao Kun was in power, would a group of adults, lords, gentlemen and even ordinary people (don't say "dare or not") be like this? Sincerely" condolences?Why did the yellow Panchen Lama receive such a "warm" welcome in Beijing and Shanghai?Britain returned the boxer indemnity, first saying "for the purpose of education" and then "for the purpose of mutual benefit"-therefore, various industry federations in the country suggested that they denounced the ineffectiveness of Chinese education and advocated using this The money was used for road construction - and then for secondary education; it is really confusing, what kind of medicine are they selling in what kind of gourd?Why did the new German president name General Hindenburg, and what will happen next?Also, is "the new talisman of polygamy" and "new sexual morality" one or the other?Does Ouyang Yuqian's "After Going Home" advocate oriental morality? ——It is no surprise that this large piece of account is "passed" from the newspaper; but it can be proved that reading the newspaper is indeed the cheapest way, and you can know many, many tricks. Traveling is also a refresher to refresh yourself.I once made a design: Sichuan has the steepness of the Three Gorges, the winding plank road, and the majesty of Emei. I admire it the most!I also want to go to Guangdong for a long time.Taking the uphill tram in Hong Kong, you can "go to heaven"①; and Guangzhou's municipal administration, the long embankment, and the prosperity of the Pearl River also make my heart itch!From here to the north, the wind and sand in Mongolia, the cattle and sheep, and the sky are inviting me again!As for Beiping with its red walls and loess, Nanjing with its smoky atmosphere during the Six Dynasties, and Shanghai with Xianshi Company, I have finally experienced it.After visiting China in this way, I went abroad: I went to Japan to see her cherry blossoms and her Fuji; I went to Russia to see Lenin’s tomb and the meeting of the Third International; Play; to the United States to admire the majestic God of Liberty and the world's first large telescope.Then go to South America to see the vast plains, go to South Africa to see the vast desert, and go to the Nanyang Islands to see the lush forests-then return to China; if there is a chance, go to the North Pole It's even better to go on an adventure and see what the ice and snow sea are like!Liang Shaowen makes sense: ①Liu Bannong's poem "Climbing Hong Kong's Taiping Mountain" described his "children" words: "Today, father, take me to heaven." See "New Youth" Volume 8, No. 2. We don't approve of people being locked in one place for the whole life without coming out to contact with other parts of the world. If so, it would simply reduce the tens of thousands of miles of the earth to a few miles, and being locked in a circle of a few miles would count as a lifetime , it's not worth it!Therefore, we advocate: to travel all over the world, put everything in the world in the furnace of the mind and practice it, and then it can become a correct experience, and only then can it be considered as having a vision of the world. ("Nanyang Travel Notes", Volume 1, page 253.) But for those who are as poor as our generation with no money, this kind of design may end up just "chewing through the butcher's gate"; so what should we do?I said that it is possible to learn from Hu, Mr. Liang Er's method of founding a country to study bibliography, you may wish to reduce it at any time; it only depends on your ability.Even if you really don't have a penny, it's not impossible to think about it.I heard that someone in Japan walked around the room because he had no money to travel, just yelling that a certain station has arrived and a certain port has arrived;This is just like children helping a blind man: one is blindfolded and the other guides him with a bamboo stick and circles the room; All are satisfied.Exactly, once the spirit arrives, nothing can be done!Such people are by no means donkeys in the mill; although their feet do not leave the house, their hearts can travel thousands of miles a day! When it comes to the journey of the heart, I think of what was said in "Wen Xin Diao Long·Shen Si": The ancients said: "The shape is above the river and the sea, and the heart is below the Wei Que." ①It is also called spiritual thinking. ... So silently contemplating, thinking for thousands of years; quietly moving, seeing thousands of miles... Russell on "the value of philosophy", also said: Preserving speculative (speculative) interest in the universe, ... is always part of the philosophical enterprise. ①See you. Perhaps its most important value is the greatness of the object it contemplates, and, as a result, it is freed from narrow and personal ends. The life of philosophy is quiet and free. The private world of instinctive interests is a small world placed in the midst of a large and powerful world which, sooner or later, must grind our private world to pieces. If we don't expand our own interests, the whole outside world of Huihan is like a soldier trapped inside a fort, knowing that the enemy is not allowed to escape and surrender is inevitable. Philosophical contemplation is a way of escape. (Excerpt from Chapter 15 translated by Huang Lingshuang) The so-called spiritual thinking, the so-called interest in mysteries, and the so-called latent thinking, I think they are just a trinity, just a large-scale journey of the heart.The travel of the heart is by no means limited to the existing earth!Aren't many people going to Mars?Don't some go to the sun?Don’t there also go to stars outside the solar system, which are 300,000 light-years away from us?These 300,000 light-years are the farthest distance in the world that can be observed by the largest reflecting telescope with a diameter of 100 inches on the top of Mount Wilson in Southern California, USA. "In other words, the world we see at the moment is not only the present world. Since the past of more than 300,000 years, all ages have been seen at the same time. Historians often say that we know the past from books and forget it. We can see the past directly.” ① We can see the past directly, from books, from rock formations, and from bone fossils.The past as far as we can see is so long and so great!Comparing the present with it, it is really just a needle in the ocean!Let me give you an example: Who in Germany assumed that the history of the earth is twenty-four o'clock, while the period of human history is only ten minutes; the history of human beings has been five thousand years, and one thousand years is only equal to two minutes!One hundred years equals only twelve seconds!Ten years is only one and two tenths of a second!This is still in terms of the mere earth.If it is compared with the history of the entire universe (can man know?), it is simply unworthy!So what?But never mind!The heart can travel to the uncondensed nebula, to the Mesozoic of the giant reptiles, to the brains of the great apes; after all, the heart is somewhat free.But travel requires a guide; I think books such as "A Survey of Recent Physics", "Science Outline", "Paleontology", "Studies of Man" are all very competent. ① "Overview of Recent Physics" pp. 44-45. The travel of the heart is not limited to the surface material world!It uses a real pen to write diaries one by one on a real white Swedish paper pad; it can immediately see that the pen and the white paper are just a few tiny dots, called electronic—each There are many gaps between electrons, which are larger than the total product of each electron.This is just like a "net with knots but no wires" ①, but it is so empty; in fact, there is no such thing as "one branch" or "one piece"!Seen this way, the mind travels to the inner courtyard of matter, the world of electronics.While the old material world only had three pillars (three-dimensional), now the new one has added one (four-dimensional); the heart also needs to go shopping.Heart travel is not limited to the material world!The spiritual world is its old home, needless to say frequented.In the river of consciousness, it often sails a small boat.But these days, the world is getting more and more.Using coordinate axes as the foundation, erecting pillars of equations, erecting beams of equations, covering with tiles of geometric shapes, and surrounding walls with geometric shapes, this is the world of mathematics.Various "universal properties" (such as "white", "head" and other concepts) are displayed in a huge winding field with layers of files; between them, there are various " The universality of relationship" (such as concepts such as "big", "similar", and "equal").This is the world of logic.It is the world of morality that displays the models of good people and good deeds and the classification of evil people and evil deeds.But the so-called "models" are not the same as the statues of "Twenty-Four Filial Piety" in the Town God's Temple and the statues in the Hall of Ten Kings.Models are also called norms, such as "justice", "benevolence", "treachery" and so on - they are just the weights and measures of good and evil; in the moral world, there are all such weights and measures, large and small.It is still the world of art, with the melody of music to the east, the curves of dancing to the west, the shapes and colors of paintings to the south, and the emotion of poetry to the north. ② ——If the mind is curious, it will pass through these lands one by one just like Tang Sanzang passed through the thirty-six countries. ①See Russell A. B． C． of Atoms, P. l. ② For the main purpose, see Marvin: History of European Philosophy in the section on New Realism; on co-existence.According to the ninth chapter of the translated version, "The World of Universal Phases". ③According to "Da Tang San Zang Qu Jing Shi Hua". Furthermore, the travel of the heart is not limited to the world of existence!God's Paradise, it must go; Yama's Ten Temples, it also wants to go.爱神的弓箭，它是要看看的；孙行者的金箍棒，它也要看看的。总之， 神话的世界，它要穿上梦的鞋去走一趟。它从神话的世界回来时，便道又可游玩童话的世界。在那里有苍蝇目中的天地，有永远不去的春天；在那里鸟能唱歌，水也能唱歌，风也能唱歌；在那里有着靴的猫，有在背心里掏出表来的兔子；在那里有水晶的宫殿，带着小白翼子的天使。童话的世界的那边，还有许多邻国，叫做乌托邦，它也可迂道一往观的。姑举一二给你看看。你知道吴稚晖先生是崇拜物质文明的，他的乌托邦自然也是物质文明的。他说，将来大同世界实现时，街上都该铺大红缎子。他在春晖中学校讲演时，曾指着“电灯开关”说： 科学发达了，我们讲完的时候，啤啼叭哒几声，要到房里去的就到了房里，要到宁波的就到了宁波，要到杭州的就到了杭州： 这也算不来什么奇事。（见《春晖》二十九期。） ah!啤啼叭哒几声，心已到了铺着大红缎子的街上了！ ——若容我借了法朗士的话来说，这些正是“灵魂的冒险”呀。 上面说的都是“大头天话”，现在要说些小玩意儿，新新耳目，所谓能放能收也。我曾说书籍可作心的旅行的向导，现在就谈读书吧。周作人先生说他目下只想无事时喝点茶，读点新书。喝茶我是无可无不可，读新书却很高兴！读新书有如幼时看西洋景，一页一页都有活鲜鲜的意思；又如到一个新地方，见一个新朋友。读新出版的杂志，也正是如此，或者更闹热些。读新书如吃时鲜鲥鱼，读新杂志如到惠罗公司去看新到的货色。我还喜欢读冷僻的书。冷僻的书因为冷僻的缘故，在我觉着和新书一样；仿佛旁人都不熟悉，只我有此眼福， 便高兴了。我之所以喜欢搜阅各种笔记，就是这个缘故。尺牍，日记等，也是我所爱读的； 因为原是随随便便，老老实实地写来，不露咬牙切齿的样子，便更加亲切，不知不觉将人招了入内。同样的理由，我爱读野史和逸事；在它们里，我见着活泼泼的真实的人。——它们所记，虽只一言一动之微，却包蕴着全个的性格；最要紧的，包蕴着与众不同的趣味。旧有的，新出的《欧美逸话》，都曾给我满足。我又爱读游记；这也是穷措大替代旅行之一法，从前的雅人叫做“卧游”的便是。从游记里，至少可以“知道”些异域的风土人情；好一些，还可以培养些异域的情调。前年在温州师范学校图书馆中，翻看《小方壶斋舆地丛钞》的目录，里面全（？）是游记，虽然已是过时货，却颇引起我的向往之诚。“这许多好东西哟！”尽这般地想着；但终于没有勇气去借来细看，真是很可恨的！后来《徐霞客游记》石印出版，我的朋友买了一部，我又欲读不能！近顷《南洋旅行漫记》和《山野掇拾》出来了，我便赶紧买得，复仇似地读完，这才舒服了。我因为好奇，看报看杂志，也有特别的脾气。看报我总是先看封面广告的。一面是要找些新书，一面是要找些新闻；广告里的新闻，虽然是不正式的，或者算不得新闻，也未可知，但都是第一身第二身的，有时比第三身的正文还值得注意呢。譬如那回中华制糖公司董事的互讦，我看得真是热闹煞了！又如“印送安士全书”的广告，“读报至此，请念三声阿弥陀佛”的广告，真是“好聪明的糊涂法子”！看杂志我是先查补白，好寻着些轻松而隽永的东西：或名人的趣语，或当世的珍闻，零金碎玉，更见异彩！——请看“二千年前玉门关外一封情书”，“时新旦角戏”等标题①便知分晓。 ①都是《我们的六月》中补白的标题。 我不是曾恭维看报么？假如要参加种种趣味的聚会，那也非看报不可。譬如前一两星期，报上登着世界短跑家要在上海试跑；我若在上海，一定要去看看跑是如何短法？又如本月十六日上海北四川路有洋狗展览会，说有四百头之多；想到那高低不齐的个儿，松密互映，纯驳争辉的毛片，或嘤嘤或呜呜或汪汪的吠声，我也极愿意去的。又我记得在《上海七日刊》（？）上见过一幅法国儿童同乐会的摄影。摄影中济济一堂的满是儿童——这其间自然还有些抱着的母亲，领着的父亲，但不过二三人，容我用了四舍五入法，将他们略去吧。 那前面的几个，丰腴圆润的庞儿，覆额的短发，精赤的小腿，我现在还记着呢。最可笑的， 高高的房子，塞满了这些儿童，还空着大半截，大半截；若塞满了我们，空气一定是没有那么舒服的，便宜了空气了！这种聚会不用说是极使我高兴的！只是我便在上海，也未必能去；说来可恨恨！这里却要引起我别的感慨，我不说了。此外如音乐会，绘画展览会，我都乐于赴会的。四年前秋天的一个晚上，我曾到上海市政厅去听“中西音乐大会”；那几支广东小调唱得真入神，靡靡是靡靡到了极点，令人欢喜赞叹！而歌者隐身幕内，不露一丝色相，尤动人无穷之思！绘画展览会，我在北京，上海也曾看过几回。但都像走马看花似的， 不能自知冷暖——我真是太外行了，只好慢慢来吧。我却最爱看跳舞。五六年前的正月初三的夜里，我看了一个意大利女子的跳舞：黄昏的电灯光映着她裸露的微红的两臂，和游泳衣似的粉红的舞装；那腰真软得可怜，和麦粉搓成的一般。她两手擎着小小的钹，钱孔里拖着深红布的提头；她舞时两臂不住地向各方扇动，两足不住地来往跳跃，钹声便不住地清脆地响着——她舞得如飞一样，全身的曲线真是瞬息万变，转转不穷，如闪电吐舌，如星星眨眼；使人目眩心摇，不能自主。我看过了，恍然若失！从此我便喜欢跳舞。前年暑假时，我到上海，刚碰着卡尔登影戏院开演跳舞片的末一晚，我没有能去一看。次日写信去“特烦”，却如泥牛入海；至今引为憾事！我在北京读书时，又颇爱听旧戏；因为究竟是“外江”人，更爱听旦角戏，尤爱听尚小云的戏，——但你别疑猜，我却不曾用这支笔去捧过谁。我并不懂戏词，甚至连情节也不甚仔细，只爱那宛转凄凉的音调和楚楚可怜的情韵。我在理论上也左袒新戏，但那时的北京实在没有可称为新戏的新戏给我看；我的心也就渐渐冷了。南归以后，新戏固然和北京是“一丘之貉”，旧戏也就每况愈下，毫无足观。我也看过一回机关戏，但只足以广见闻，无深长的趣味可言。直到去年，上海戏剧协社演《少奶奶的翁子》，朋友们都说颇有些意思——在所曾寓目的新戏中，这是得未曾有的。又实验剧社演《葡萄仙子》，也极负时誉；黎明辉女士所唱“可怜的秋香”一句，真是脍炙人口——便是不曾看过这戏的我，听人说了此句，也会有“一种薄醉似的感觉，超乎平常所谓舒适以上” ①。——《少奶奶的扇子》，我也还无一面之缘——真非到上海去开先施公司不可！上海的朋友们又常向我称述影戏；但我之于影戏，还是“猪八戒吃人参果”②呢！也只好慢慢来吧。说起先施公司，我总想起惠罗公司。我常在报纸的后幅看见他家的广告，满幅画着新货色的图样，真是日本书店里所谓“诱惑状”③了。我想若常去看看新货色，也是一乐。最好能让我自由地鉴赏地看一回；心爱的也不一定买来，只须多多地，重重地看上几眼，便可权当占有了——朋友有新东西的时候，我常常把玩不肯释手，便是这个主意。 ①见叶圣陶《泪的徘徊》中。 ②食而不知其味也。 ③即新到书籍广告。 若目下不能到上海去开先施公司，或到上海而无本钱去开先施公司，则还有个经济的办法，我现在正用着呢。不过这种办法，便是开先施公司，也可同时采用的；因为我们原希望“多多益善”呀。现在我所在的地方，是没有绘画展览会；但我和人家借了左一册右一册的摄影集，画片集①，也可使我的眼睛饱餐一顿。我看见“群羊”②，在那淡远的旷原中，披着乳一样白，丝一样软的羽衣的小东西，真和浮在浅浅的梦里的仙女一般。我看见“夕云” ③，地上是疏疏的树木，偃蹇欹侧作势，仿佛和天上的乱云负固似的；那云是层层叠档的， 错错落落的，斑斑驳驳的，使我觉得天是这样厚，这样厚的！我看见“五月雨”④，是那般蒙妹密密的一片，三个模糊的日本女子，正各张着有一道白圈儿的纸伞，在台阶上走着，走上一个什么坛去呢；那边还有两个人，却只剩了影儿！ 我看见“现在与未来”⑤；这是一个人坐着，左手托着一个骷髅，两眼凝视着，右手正支颐默想着。这还是摄影呢，画片更是美不胜收了！弥爱的《晚祷》是世界的名作，不用说了。 意大利Ｇｉｎｏ的名画《跳舞》⑥，满是跃着的腿儿，牵着的臂儿，并着的脸儿；红的，黄的，白的，蓝的，黑的，一片片地飞舞着——那边还攒动着无数的头呢。是夜的繁华哟！是肉的薰蒸哟！还有日本中泽弘光的《夕潮》⑦：红红的落照轻轻地涂在玲珑的水阁上；阁之前浅蓝的潮里，伫立着白衣编发的少女，伴着两只夭矫的白鹤；她们因水光的映射，这时都微微地蓝了；她只扭转头凝视那斜阳的颜色。又椎冢猪知雄的《花》⑧，三个样式不同，花色互异的精巧的瓶子，分插着红白各色的，大的小的鲜花，都丰丰满满的。另有一个细长的和一个荸荠样的瓶子，放在三个大瓶之前和之间；一高一矮，甚是别致，也都插着鲜花，只一瓶是小朵的，一瓶是大朵的。我说的已多了——还有图案画，有时带着野蛮人和儿童的风味，也是我所爱的。书籍中的插画，偶然也有很好的；如什么书里有一幅画，显示惠士敏斯特大寺的里面，那是很伟大的——正如我在灵隐寺的高深的大殿里一般。而房龙《人类的故事》中的插画，尤其别有心思，马上可以引人到他所画的天地中去。 ①摄影集，画片集中的作品，都是复制的。 ②见《大风集》。 ③《夕云》，见日本写真杂志Ｃａｍｅｒａ第１卷，１９２１年版。 ④《五月雨》，见日本写真杂志Ｃａｍｅｒａ第１卷１９２１年版。 ⑤见日本《写真界》６卷６号。 ⑥《东方》１９卷３号。 ⑦平和纪念东京博览会美术馆出品。 ⑧日本第八回“二科展览会”出品。 我所在的地方，也没有音乐会。幸而有留声机，机片里中外歌曲乃至国语唱歌都有；我的双耳尚不至大寂寞的。我或向人借来自开自听，或到别人寓处去听，这也是“揩油”之一道了。大约借留声机，借画片，借书，总还算是雅事，不致像借钱一样，要看人家脸孔的（虽然也不免有例外）；所以有时竟可大大方方地揩油。自然，自己的油有时也当大大方方地被别人揩的。关于留声机，北平有零卖一法。一个人背了话匣子（即留声机）和唱片，沿街叫卖；若要买的，就喊他进屋里，让他开唱几片，照定价给他铜子——唱完了，他仍旧将那话匣子等用蓝布包起，背了出门去。我们做学生时，每当冬夜无聊，常常破费几个铜子， 买他几曲听听：虽然没有佳片，却也算消寒之一法。听说南方也有做这项生意的人。——我所在的地方，宁波是其一。宁波Ｓ中学现有无线电话收音机，我很想去听听大陆报馆的音乐。这比留声机又好了！不但声音更是亲切，且花样日日翻新；二者相差，何可以道里计呢！除此以外，朋友们的箫声与笛韵，也是很可过瘾的；但这看似易得而实难，因为好手甚少。我从前有一位朋友，吹箫极悲酸幽抑之致，我最不能忘怀！现在他从外国回来，我们久不见面，也未写信，不知他还能来一点儿否？ 内地虽没有惠罗公司，却总有古董店，尽可以对付一气。我们看看古瓷的细润秀美，古泉币的陆离斑驳，古玉的丰腴有泽，古印的肃肃有仪，胸襟也可豁然开朗。况内地更有好处，为五方杂处，众目具瞻的上海等处所不及的；如花木的趣味，盆栽的趣味便是。上海的匆忙使一般人想不到白鸽笼外还有天地；花是怎样美丽，树是怎样青青，他们似乎早已忘怀了！这是我的朋友郢君所常常不平的。“暮春三月，江南草长，杂花生树，群莺乱飞。”— —这在上海人怕只是一场春梦吧！像我所在的乡间：芊芊的碧草踏在脚上软软的，正像吃樱花糖；花是只管开着，来了又去，来了又去——杨贵妃一般的木笔，红着脸的桃花，白着脸的绣球……好一个“香遍满，色遍满的花儿的都”①呀！上海是不容易有的！我所以虽向慕上海式的繁华，但也不舍我所在的白马湖的幽静。我爱白马湖的花木，我爱Ｓ家的盆栽—— 这其间有诗有画，我且说给你。一盆是小小的竹子，栽在方的小白石盆里；细细的干子疏疏的隔着，疏疏的叶子淡档地撇着，更点缀上两三块小石头；颇有静远之意。上灯时，影子写在壁上，尤其清隽可亲。另一盆是棕竹，瘦削的干子亭亭地立着；下部是绿绿的，上部颇劲健地坼着几片长长的叶子，叶根有细极细极的棕丝网着。这像一个丰神俊朗而蓄着微须的少年。这种淡白的趣味，也自是天地间不可少的。 ①俞平伯诗。 天地间还有一种不可少的趣味，也是简便易得到的，这是“谈天”。——普通话叫做“闲谈”；但我以“谈天”二字，更能说出那“闲旷”的味儿！傅孟真先生在《心气薄弱之中国人》一评里，引顾宁人的话，说南方之学者，“群居终日，言不及义”；北方之学者， “饱食终日，无所用心”。他说“到了现在已经二百多年了，这评语仍然是活泼泼的”①谈天”大概也只能算“不及义”的言；纵有“及义”的时候，也只是偶然碰到，并非立意如此。若立意要“及义”，那便不是“谈天”而是“讲茶”了。“讲茶”也有“讲茶”的意思，但非我所要说。“终日言不及义”，诚哉是无益之事；而且岂不疲倦？“舌敝唇焦”， 也未免“穷斯滥矣”！不过偶尔“茶余酒后”，“月白风清”，约两个密友，吸着烟卷儿， 尝着时新果子，促膝谈心，随兴趣之所至。时而上天，时而入地，时而论书，时而评画，时而纵谈时局，品鉴人伦，时而剖析玄理，密诉衷曲……等到兴尽意阑，便各自回去睡觉；明早一觉醒来，再各奔前程，修持“胜业”，想也不致耽误的。或当公私交集，身心俱倦之后，约几个相知到公园里散散步，不愿散步时，便到绿荫下长椅上坐着；这时作无定向的谈话，也是极有意味的。至于“'辟克匿克'来江边”，那更非“谈天”不可！我想这种“谈天”，无论如何，总不能算是大过吧。人家说清谈亡了晋朝，我觉得这未免是栽赃的办法。 请问晋人的清谈，谁为为之？孰令致之？——这且不说，我单觉得清谈也正是一种“生活之艺术”，只要有节制。有的如针尖的微触，有的如剪刀的一断；恰像吹皱一池春水，你的心便会这般这般了。 ①见《新潮》１卷２号。 “谈天”本不想求其有用，但有时也有大用；英哲洛克（Ｌｏｃｋｅ）的名著《人间悟性论》中述他著书之由——说有一日，与朋友们谈天，端绪愈引而愈远，不知所从来，也不知所届；他忽然惊异：人知的界限在何处呢？这便是他的大作最初的启示了。——这是我的一位先生亲口告诉我的。 我说海说天，上下古今谈了一番，自然仍不曾跳出我佛世尊——自己——的掌心，现在我还是卷旗息鼓，“回到自己的灵魂”①吧。自己有今日的自己，有昨日的自己，有北京时的自己，有南京时的自己，有在父母怀抱中的自己……乃至一分钟有一个自己，一秒钟有一个自己。每一个自己无论大的，小的，都各提挈着一个世界，正如旅客带着一只手提箱一样。各个世界，各个自己之不相同，正如旅客手提箱里所装的东西之不同一样。各个自己与它所提挈的世界是一个大大的联环，决不能拆开的。譬如去年十月，我正仆仆于轮船火车之中。我现在回想那时的我，第一不能忘记的，是江浙战争；第二便是国庆。因战争而写来的父亲的岳父的信，一页页在眼前翻过；因战争而搬家的人，一阵阵在面前走过；眼看学校一日日挨下去，直到关门为止。念头忽然转弯：林纾死了，法朗士死了；国际联盟第五届大会也闭幕了！……正如水的漪涟一样，一圈一圈地尽管晕开去，可以至于非常之多。只区区一个月的我，所提挈的已这样多，则积了三百几十个月的我，所提挈的当有无穷！要算起帐来，倒是“大笔头”②呢！若有那样细心，再把月化为日，日化为时，时化为分秒，我的世界当更不了不了！这其间有吃的，有睡的，有玩的，有笑的，有哭的，有糊涂的，有聪明的……若能将它们陈列起来，必大有意思；若能影戏片似地将它们摇过去，那更有意思了！ 人总有念旧之情的。我的一个朋友回到母校作教师的时候，偶然在故纸堆中翻到他十四岁时投考该校的一张相片，便爱它如儿子。我们对于过去的自己，大都像嚼橄榄一样，总有些儿甜的。我们依着时光老人的导引，一步步去温寻已失的自己；这走的便是“忆之路”。在“忆之路”上愈走得远，愈是有味；因苦味渐已蒸散而甜味却还留着的缘故。最远的地方是“儿时”，在那里只有一味极淡极淡的甜；所以许多人都惦记着那里。这“忆之路”是颇长的，也是世界上一条大路。要成为一个自由的“世界民”，这条路不可不走走的。 ①也是法朗士的话。 ②此是宁波方言，本系记帐术语，“多”也：引申作“甚”之意。这里用作双关语。 我的把戏变完了——咳！多么贫呢！我总之羡慕齐天大圣；他虽也跳不出佛爷的掌心， 但到底能翻十万八千里的筋斗，又有七十二变化的！ １９２５年５月９日。