Chapter 6 Human Rights and Women's Rights (November 6, 1922)

When you see my topic, you must say that Liang is unreasonable: women are human beings, and human rights naturally include women's rights in it. Why are human rights and women's rights contradictory?Ha ha!Unreasonable is certainly unreasonable, but this unreasonable topic was not invented by someone like Liang.The social status quo is inherently so incomprehensible, I'm just telling the truth, and I want to clarify what is incomprehensible. I want to ask you a question: "What is a person?" When you hear me, you must say again: "I'm afraid Liang is crazy! What's so difficult about this question? In the world, there is a round head." Square-toed Hengmu Ruixin's animals are all humans." Haha!Your answer is wrong.This answer can only explain the meaning of the character "human" in nature, but not the meaning of the character "human" in history.The scope of human beings in history was very narrow at the beginning. Among the one hundred animals with "round skulls, square toes, horizontal eyes and sharp hearts", at most three or a few could qualify as "human beings", and the rest could not!In other words: In the past, there were very few people who could enjoy personality, but with the gradual development of history, the number of "personality people" gradually increased.

After listening to these words, I am afraid that the more you listen, the more confused you will become.Don't worry, wait for me to dissect it layer by layer.They are also animals with "round head, square toes, horizontal eyes and sharp heart". Naturally, what I can do, you can also do; the rights you enjoy, I should also enjoy.Isn't it?Yes, it should be so.But from a historical point of view, it is quite different.Regardless of the history of any country, there are always some people called "slaves" at the beginning.Aren't slaves also "round skulls, square toes, horizontal eyes, sharp hearts"!However, those who are not slaves only recognize them as goods, not as people.You all have read Western history, and you all know that Athens in ancient Greece was known as "government for the whole people", saying that everyone was equal and free.It should also be known that there is a great philosopher, Plato, who is the ancestor of the republic.Yes, Plato said, all men should participate in politics, but slaves were not.why?Because slaves are not people!There are tens of thousands of people in Athens, but actually only a few thousand people participate in politics.Why is it called national politics?Because those who they recognize as "human beings" have already participated, and the rest of them are slaves, who originally considered goods but not human beings.

This is not only the case with slaves, but also when comparing nobles with commoners, only the nobles are considered completely alone, while the commoners are at most half-human.Many educations are only available to nobles, not commoners; many occupations are only allowed to nobles, not commoners; many properties are only allowed to nobles, not commoners.This phenomenon has been the case in China from the Tang and Yu Dynasties to Confucius; it has been the case in Europe since the Roman Empire until the eighteenth century. Under slavery, not only were non-slaves treating slaves as human beings, but even those slaves did not know they were “human beings.”Under the aristocratic system, not only the aristocrats treat the common people as half a person, but even the common people feel that I am different from him.If so, thousands of years have passed.

People are smart and ambitious, and they are slowly awakening from their dreams!You have two eyes and one nose, I also have one nose and two eyes, why should you be like that and me?They asked their hearts, their mouths and their hearts, and after so many years of boredom and sorrow, they suddenly discovered a strange thing: "Ah, ah! So I am alone!" I will not say how far the Chinese have invented this strange thing. When did man invent it?Around the fifteenth and sixteenth century Renaissance.Once they discovered that they were human beings, they unknowingly made concerted efforts to make a determination to prepare and enrich the conditions for being human, and at the same time expand and perfect the rights of being human.Second, everyone must have the opportunity to receive equal education, and the nobles and the church cannot monopolize knowledge.The second step is that everyone should have a corresponding occupation because of his ability, and it is not allowed to say that a certain occupation should be dominated by people of a certain class to the end.The third step, in order to protect the first two things, all people should have the right to intervene in the politics of a country.To sum it up: they have "human consciousness", and the human rights movement took place.Educational equality, occupational equality, and political equality are the three stages of the human rights movement.

Ah, ah!Amazing, amazing!The human mind is mobilized, and nothing can stop him. "One! Two! Three! Let's go!" "Go! Go! Go!" At the end of the eighteenth century, a cannon was fired in Paris, France: "Declaration of Human Rights"!ok ok!Come with us!If it is territorial, it must be self-governing; if it is class, it must be abolished; if it is election, it must be universal.Black slaves and serfs, you want to be liberated.In the 19th century, the whole of Europe and the whole of America were full of excitement for a hundred years, and this was the cause of the trouble.Blow the trumpet, set off firecrackers, cheers, success!Triumph!Long live human rights!In the past, only emperors were human beings, nobles were human beings, and monks were human beings. Now we are the same as them. Those who are not considered human beings are considered human beings. Anyone who is called a human being on the coast of the land under the world has regained their qualifications.Long live human rights!Long live!

In the sound of long live, there are still a large number of animals with "round heads, square toes, horizontal eyes and sharp hearts" quietly shedding tears.This part of the animals, though they make up half of their kind, has never been incorporated into man.Whoever this part is, is a woman!Human rights movement, the movement is human rights.They are Women and not Men, and they talk about human rights in a hype, but it has nothing to do with them! Tears are the most sacred thing. Tears drip from the conscious mind.Although men have the same two eyes and one nose, there is no difference between nobles, commoners, and slaves. Do women only have one eye and half nose?When the human rights movement sang to the sky, it invented an even weirder thing: "Ah, ah! There are still many people in the world!" With this invention, the feminist movement began.The feminist movement, we can give it a term called the human rights movement in a broad sense.

The human rights movement in the broad sense - the feminist movement, is exactly the same as the human rights movement in the narrow sense - the civilian movement. There are two main conditions: the first must be automatic, and the second must be staged. What is automatic?For example, in the American slavery movement, it was not the black slaves who wanted to free themselves, but some caring white people who wanted to free them.Involuntary liberation is of little value even if it is liberated.Not only that, any sport is a matter of the cooperation of the majority, not the arrangement of the few, so the joint initiative of the majority is required.For example, when China is building a republic, there are only a very small number of people who are active there, and the rest are mostly indifferent.Like the civilian movement in Europe in the 19th century, it was indeed based on the voluntary initiative of all or most of the civilians, and the reason for its success and thoroughness lies in this.Whether the feminist movement is meaningful or not depends first on how conscious and active women are.

What are stages?As mentioned earlier, the human rights movement has three meanings: one is the right to equality in education, the other is the right to equality in occupation, and the third is the right to equality in politics.Although these three things are consistent, there is naturally a step in it.In the era when the aristocrats monopolized power, their only weapon to defend themselves was to say: You common people do not have the knowledge that our nobles have; what our nobles can do, your common people cannot do.Is this right?Yes.This was indeed the case with the social conditions of the Middle Ages in Europe.If the situation remained the same in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, I can guarantee that the Declaration of Human Rights would not be published, and even if it was issued, it would be empty words.Therefore, since the Renaissance, the first and most urgent requirement of their civilians is to have the same education opportunities as the nobles.As such opportunities came one after another, they worked very hard to improve their knowledge and abilities.By the 18th and 9th centuries, the intellectual ability of the common people was only higher than that of the nobles, and it was never lower, so the common people's movement was successful in one go.In other words: They first prepare and enrich the conditions for being a human being before they can expand and complete the rights of being a human being.

Their feminist movement is now heading down this road.The feminist movement also started several decades ago, but its power is very weak.Why not?Because women's intellectual ability is indeed not as good as men's.Why can't you catch up?Because they do not have the same educational opportunities as men.They tried their best to break through this hurdle, and after breaking through, they moved forward step by step, first to the issue of occupation, and then to the issue of suffrage.Now this kind of movement in Europe and the United States has gradually achieved partial success. what about usHey, speaking of it, I'm ashamed and pitiful, even most men haven't realized that they are human beings, so let's talk about women!The human rights movement in the narrow sense has not been done yet, what about the human rights movement in the broad sense!That's why some people advocate that "women's rights are too early to discuss", saying that it is not too late to start the feminist movement after the civilian movement has finished its work.Is this right?wrong.European railways first had narrow gauges, and then gradually changed to wide gauges; when we build railways, we naturally use wide gauges from the very beginning, so what kindness is there!Europeans divide the human rights movement in the narrow and broad sense into two parts, and it is not impossible for us to do one part.But there is one thing that must not be forgotten: although narrow gauge and wide gauge are not a problem, it is absolutely impossible to drive without road construction.Let me say something not afraid of your disgust: Although the intellectual ability of men in China is also very immature and weak, women are several times weaker than men!Talk about women's rights?The first condition is to be independent without relying on men.In other words, it is necessary to have a career.For example, if there is a vacancy for a professor in a certain school, ten women compete with ten men, who will win?For example, if a company or an individual wants to employ a secretary, and ten women compete with ten men, who will win?Going one step further, if women's suffrage is stipulated in the constitution, and there is free competition in public speeches in the election field, who will win?Based on the current situation, I dare to say: women must fail nine times out of ten.why?Because women's intellectual ability is really inferior to that of men.Are you born inferior?Otherwise, it's just because of insufficient academic ability.Why is there not enough academic ability?The reason is that in the past, women could not have the same opportunities as men in studying.It is certainly not the fault of women today that there is no equal opportunity; however, it is an undeniable fact that they are not educated enough.You have all read a motto in your English textbooks: Knowledge is power-knowledge is power.If you don't seek power from the foundation of knowledge, you will definitely not get it; if you get it by chance, you will definitely not be able to keep it.This is true for a person, it is true for each other between classes, and it is also true for each other between sexes.

Having said that, we can probably draw a conclusion.I agree in principle with the feminist movement, whether it is a school movement, a career movement, or a political participation movement; not only do I agree, but I think it is very necessary.In terms of procedures, I would say that learning comes first, career comes second, and politics comes third.Those who talk about women's rights recently focus on the issue of political participation, and I say they are urgency.To be honest: Do men now have suffrage?Say no? It is clearly stipulated in the "Convention Law"; is there any?In the eleventh year since the founding of the Republic of China, which man did you see who participated in politics?Isn't it just a tool to make up some false names on the electoral roll for those "political sticks" to buy and sell votes!With this kind of political awareness, the people let you fight for women's suffrage, but each county adds thousands of names such as "Zhao Lan, Qian Hui, Sun Shu, Li Juan..." to replace " "Politicians" get more business!I really don't want the sisters who are clean and generous to suffer such humiliation for no reason.In all fairness, political matters should not be given up because of choking, and I don't want to say more about this kind of angry talk.In the final analysis: No matter what kind of sports, we must cultivate more strength and less empty talk.The true meaning of the feminist movement is for women to have a painful self-awareness, strive to be superior in terms of knowledge and ability, and strive to stand on the same status as men.If this can be done, then it is not a problem to compete for business and participate in politics;

Gentlemen!Now the manufacturing field of women's knowledge in the whole country depends on these dozen women's normal schools, and you are the basic army of the feminist movement.Zhuangzi said it well: "If the accumulation of water is not thick, it will not be able to carry the big boat." You must know that you have a great responsibility, and you must know that you want to fulfill this responsibility. Apart from doing a good job in learning and improving your knowledge and ability, you have nothing to do. shortcut.I hope that all the gentlemen and sisters in the country will fully realize that they are a person, and they will redouble their efforts to complete the qualifications of a person, and in the future, they will work together with women all over the world to carry out human rights movements in a broad sense.When the movement is successful this time, we can really cheer for human rights!