Chapter 6 the fourth part

Chapter 7 of the fourth part: Bai Xianyong talks about Kunqu Opera (1) On a stormy night in mid-August 1982, there was such a scene in front of the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall in Taipei City: In the torrential rain, thousands of umbrellas swarmed in. It was a very spectacular and exciting scene. scene.It turned out that the stage play "A Dream in the Garden" was on its sixth stage, when a typhoon suddenly passed through, and the National Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall had been closed, so the show could hardly be staged that night.But a month ago, the ten shows of "You" had already been pre-sold out, and various media in Taiwan rushed to report that the audience's expectations had reached a boiling point. That afternoon, the production unit "Xinxiang" received hundreds of inquiries from the audience. Telephone.At the very moment when the typhoon turned suddenly, I pulled the producer Fan Manong straight to the World China Bank, and invited Ma Zhenfang, the "Secretary of the Municipal Government" who was in a meeting, to ask him to order the opening of the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall, otherwise we would not be able to support the overly enthusiastic The audience explained.Secretary-General Ma knew that the situation was serious, so he immediately called Curator Tong and asked him to open the museum.In the torrential rain that night, none of the 2,400 seats in the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall was empty, and even the aisles were full of people.That night, the audience who braved the wind and rain to the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall was indeed a worthwhile trip, enjoying a wonderful performance: Lu Yan, Gui Yalei, Hu Jin, Qian Lu, Tao Shu, Cao Jian, Cui Fusheng, Liu Dekai , Wu Guoliang, Wang Yu and other senior performing artists at home and abroad have brought their unique skills to the extreme on the stage. They have set up a milestone in theatrical performance on the stage of Taiwan. There is such a line in the play "You":

A good show like this can only be seen once in a lifetime! This is a sentence from Mrs. Lai (played by Qian Lu) in the play. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, she saw Mei Lanfang and Yu Zhenfei performing the Kunqu Opera "A Dream in the Garden" at the Shanghai Majestic Theater.I believe that many of the audience who watched the wonderful performance on the night of the typhoon twenty years ago felt the same when they recalled it afterwards. The stage play "A Dream in the Garden" was actually formed amidst the ups and downs, and the difficulties and thrills of the process can be written into a book. "You" has set many records, which is unprecedented, and I am afraid it will be unprecedented.First of all, it is a miracle that we can get together the best actors in this show, and these famous actors are not paid at all, because we cannot pay for their performances.They are all about the performance art, they put their whole body into it.I went to see their rehearsal every day, and I waited for a full month and a half, watching the director Huang Yigong and the actors grind for eight hours a day.During the rehearsal, I saw the professional attitude and self-demanding efforts of these senior actors, and none of them was absent or complained.I am in awe of their devotion to art, and at the same time, I also see how hard it is to cultivate a well-proven stage performance.

Chapter 7 of the fourth part: Bai Xianyong talks about Kunqu Opera (2) Our stagehands are also drop-in artists.Stage designer Nie Guangyan, music Xu Boyun, calligrapher Dong Yangzi, photographer Xie Chunde and Zhang Zhaotang, costume designer Wang Rongsheng, these people are all masters in their own right, and their contributions are free of charge. It was a mutual agitation of artistic wisdom.The magnificent scene designed by Nie Guangyan is still a classic that is often used as a demonstration.Dong Yangzi's flamboyant calligraphy filled the stage with the fragrance of calligraphy.When Xu Boyun's music was played, the audience's emotions were traced back to Jinling and Qinhuai.Xie Chunde fixed the most beautiful moments of Lu Yan, Hu Jin and Gui Yalei and turned them into eternity.This group of outstanding artists dressed up the "You" play in colorful flowers.It is another miracle to bring this group of artists together to participate in the grand event for the "You" drama.

Of course, the final stage of a stage play depends on the performance of the actors, and the "work" of the actors determines the success or failure of a play. All the actors in the drama "You" are good actors, all of them are "upper" and have used their housekeeping skills. drunk.I watched ten games in a row, and finally one hard work was not in vain. Although "You" has many wonderful scenes, I think the most touching one is the scene between the elderly General Qian (played by Cao Jian) ​​and his young and beautiful wife Lan Tianyu (played by Lu Yan) when he was dying.Cao Jian doesn't have many plays, but his role as Qian Pengzhi and General Qian is a key figure.Cao Jian played General Qian alive. When he was dying, he called his young wife "Old Five──" with pity and understanding, which made the audience cry.Cao Jian also appeared in the movie "The Last Night of the Golden Taiban" adapted from my work. The roles are completely different, but Cao Jian is competent in everything. This is the kung fu of an old actor. At the press conference for the official announcement of the rehearsal of "A Dream in the Garden", Cao Jian delivered a speech on behalf of the actors. He said that his favorite performance is still the stage play, because it is on the stage that he shows his real skills.Indeed, on the stage of "You" drama, Cao Jian showed his style of general.A while ago, I read in the newspaper that Cao Jian died of a stroke, and that his long-time partner, Ms. Qian Lu, and an equally outstanding actor mourned inexplicably, and I was overwhelmed.General Qian really left, and when the general left, the big tree fell.Cao Jian is indeed a member of the entertainment industry, Admiral Huanhuan.

Chapter 7 of the fourth part: Bai Xianyong talks about Kunqu Opera (3) For the play "You", we also recruited three new actors: Sun Weixin, Chen Yanzhen and Wang Zhiping.At that time, Sun Weixin was a graduate of the Department of Physics of National Taiwan University and the president of National Taiwan University Drama Club.Sun Weixin played the role of Staff Officer Cheng, which was a very important role. Sun Weixin actually dealt with a group of senior actors Gui Yalei, Hu Jin, and Lu Yan, and dealt with the three hard-to-serve wives calmly.Sun Weixin has a very high talent for acting, but he is now a doctor of astrophysics and a famous professor at Central University; Chen Yanzhen is the president of the Kunqu Opera Club of Normal University. During our recruitment interview, Chen Yanzhen performed the most outstandingly. A man with both talent and appearance can be cultivated.She sang Kunqu opera with a generous and sweet voice, and her figure and performance were quite satisfactory.After Chen Yanzhen got married, she went to the United States to settle in Los Angeles, and we still kept in touch occasionally.I know that she still loves Kunqu opera, and she also specially worshiped Hua Wenyi, a famous Kunqu opera artist, as her teacher, and learned her masterpiece "Broken Bridge".Once, Chen Yanzhen called me out of the blue and told me that she was going to perform the Kunqu opera "Broken Bridge" in Los Angeles, and asked me to go to her performance no matter what.She spoke so earnestly on the phone, and of course I went to join her.Chen Yanzhen worked very hard on stage that day, and her acting skills really improved after she became a teacher.Hua Wenyi told me that Chen Yan is really the most serious disciple she has ever taken.After the play that day, I went backstage to congratulate her, only to see that she was soaked in sweat, and her whole body seemed to be exhausted. She seemed to put all her life into that play.In fact, this is also the case. I only found out afterwards that Chen Yanzhen knew that she was suffering from cancer and it was in the terminal stage. It was the last time she performed in her life. .Not long after, Chen Yanzhen returned to Taiwan and died of illness at home.In the play "You", Chen Yanzhen played the fancier Mrs. Xu. In the play, she sang four lines of Kunqu opera, which are epigrams in "Zao Luo Robe" in "You Garden":

It turns out that the flowers are blooming everywhere Like this, everything is ruined Good days and beautiful days Whose house is it? Yan Zhen's career and family were bumpy, and she died at a young age. These four lines of drama became the portrayal of her short life. Twenty years have passed quickly, and the world has experienced many vicissitudes and changes.The same old friends who once "visited the garden" and "dreamed" together, still have infinite nostalgia for our brilliant and beautiful dream back then, and are very fond of each other. Taking advantage of the 20th anniversary of the performance of "You" drama, everyone will have a happy gathering Together, reliving old dreams and remembering those friends who will no longer be with us.

Originally published in "United Daily News Supplement" on December 12, 2002 Part IV Chapter 8 Wen Qu Xing Jing Fang Fei (1) Bai Xianyong vs. Zhang Jiqing dialogue Time: November 21, 1999 Moderator: Ms. Gu Huaiqun (hereinafter referred to as Gu) Participants: Mr. Bai Xianyong (hereinafter referred to as Bai) Ms. Zhang Jiqing (hereinafter referred to as Zhang) Flute Master: Mr. Sun Jianan Gu: Please invite two giants in the field of literature and music to start today's dialogue. Bai: When I returned to Nanjing for the first time in 1987, I first became acquainted with Ms. Zhang Jiqing. I had heard of Ms. Zhang’s name for a long time before I arrived in Nanjing. My friends told me that I must go to see her "Three Dreams" ("Shocking Dreams") when I came to Nanjing. "Dream", "Insane Dream"), it took many years to have the opportunity, of course I refused to let it go, so I asked someone to talk to Ms. Zhang, and finally she gave me a special performance of "Three Dreams". I am deeply obsessed with Cui Shi in "Insane Dreams".Before sharing her artistic experience with Ms. Zhang, let me first talk about my relationship with Kunqu Opera.I became attached to Kunqu Opera when I was young. In 1946, when Mei Lanfang returned to Shanghai for the first performance, I watched his "A Dream in the Garden" with my family at the Majestic Theater. A beautiful and charming piece of music, singing three sighs, made me unforgettable. After experiencing the beauty of Kunqu Opera, I can't let go of my love for it ever since.Kunqu Opera is a performance art form that includes literature, drama, etc., which is both refined and popular. Especially the literary nature of Kunqu Opera, there are poetic elements in our national soul. Kunqu Opera fully expresses the artistic conception of Chinese "poetry" through dance and music. Kunqu Opera is the most expressive An art with the characteristics of lyricism, freehand brushwork, symbolism and poetry in traditional Chinese aesthetics.The promotion of Kunqu Opera in Taiwan in the past few years is thanks to Mr. Xu Yanzhi and his students. The Kunqu Opera clubs supported by Mr. Xu in various universities have inherited the responsibility of spreading the art of Kunqu Opera. Today, there are so many audiences who know how to appreciate Kunqu Opera.Next, I would like to ask Ms. Zhang to share her personal experience of how to use song and dance to express emotion and literary artistic conception in Kunqu opera performances.

Zhang: ...I don't regret learning this art. I was intoxicated by the performance on the stage. Kunqu Opera is very danceable. I was lucky to be taught by the teacher of the "Quanfu Class" in the early Republic of China. I met the teacher Xiao Changsheng and others. You Caiyun The teacher taught me "A Dream in the Garden", "Chunxiang" from "Trouble Learning" and "Odd Shuanghui". From the old gentleman, I gained a firm belief in embarking on an artistic career. Kunqu Opera has a beautiful singing style. My experience is that "the master guides you into the door, and you practice on your own." Although on the one hand, I am taught by the teacher, on the other hand, I still have to rely on myself to ponder over and over again.There used to be four great talents in Suzhou. I spent three years making music in Wen Zhengming's library, and my singing was greatly influenced by Mr. Yu Xihou (a student of Mr. Yu Sulu).In the past, when making music, the teacher worked very hard, counting back and forth with a matchstick, and singing forty or fifty times a day. Today, the singing has some merits.I started to learn the excerpts of Ligui Mendan from a young age, but when I was young, I was not educated enough to experience too deep tunes and lyrics. After learning the tunes and postures, I still need to continue to exercise and continue to understand.

Part IV Chapter 8 Wen Qu Xing Jing Fang Fei (2) Bai: Ms. Zhang is from Suzhou. The Suzhou dialect has the taste of Wu Nong's soft language. Ms. Zhang's songs also have a strong Suzhou flavor. Please talk to Ms. Zhang about this. Zhang: I originally studied Su Opera (also known as Su Tan), and later learned Kunqu Opera. Su Opera and Kunqu Opera are sister operas. "Bridge", because Kunqu opera was rarely inherited, we started to learn Kunqu opera around 1954, because most of the performances of Su opera were only singing without performance, learning Kunqu opera can strengthen the performance of the stage, and sing Su and Kun together .My teacher is also from Suzhou, so the articulation is influenced by Su opera. The advantage of the performance is that the articulation of Su opera is soft, which is helpful for the portrayal of girls.Another point to add is that Kunqu Opera needs to be honed like a water mill, so that the more it is sung, the more flavorful it becomes.

Bai: Kunqu Opera is an art of singing and dancing. It is different from other types of operas. Besides singing and dancing, it also needs to express the realm of poetry. The combination of these three is a rare feature of Kunqu Opera. Zhang: This is also the difficulty. Kunqu opera has a fine tune and deep lyrics, and there are no tricks in the singing. Unless you are familiar with the opera, it is difficult for the audience to enter the world of performance.The singing and performance of Kunqu opera must be completed in one go, and the emotions must be completed at the same time, and movements are needed to help the transmission of emotions.The teacher once said that Kunqu Opera is a graphic movement, not only has a long singing voice and many movements, (and) it needs dance movements to accompany it from time to time to increase the performance.The performance art has been honed in the Ming and Qing dynasties, coupled with the refined rehearsal by teachers of the "Chuan" generation, which makes the performance more exquisite and the movements more superb.In my generation, with decades of practice, for example, when I play Du Liniang, I have to rethink my singing and movements many times. I can’t say that I can learn opera in the morning and be able to act immediately in the evening. I have to integrate the lyrics, movements and emotions. As one, then communicated to the audience.

Bai: The position of the pas de deux and group dances in Kunqu opera is very important. For example, "Little Banquet", "Autumn River", "Garden Tour", and "Zhe Liu Yang Guan" are all the highlights of the pairing of students and dancers.Kunqu opera is not only beautiful in lyrics, but also deeply attractive in its complicated movements. Can you tell me the difference between a pas de deux and a one-man show? Zhang: "Garden Tour" is Du Liniang and Chunxiang's partner, the dance should be symmetrical, and there must be a tacit understanding between each other; if it is a one-man show, it can be performed by itself, like an actor; But the tacit understanding between each other's preparations can only be known by the actors themselves, the movements are consistent and neat, and the eyes of the two echo each other, so the performance is beautiful.If the audience finds out, the play will not be beautiful. Bai: Tell me about the play "Autumn River". Zhang: The Japanese Kyogen (Editor's note: a Japanese drama) famous artist Mansaku Nomura is also my mentor.In 1986, he brought Su Kun to Japan to perform. The repertoire of that performance was "A Dream in the Garden", "Zhu Maichen's Divorce of Wife" and some excerpts. The stage of the performance was so beautiful that Mr. Nomura and I Said: I want to perform on this stage.Fourteen years later, last year happened to have the opportunity. Mr. Nomura had a wish to play "Autumn River", so he recommended me to perform together. Although we were worried about the language barrier, we were all looking forward to this cooperation.The first thing to do is to change the script. Kunqu Opera, Peking Opera and Sichuan Opera all have their own version of "Autumn River".At the beginning of the rehearsal, the language did cause problems. We had to grasp the opponent's final movements and tone to echo. Afterwards, we kept revising and rehearsing. Mr. Nomura couldn't do too difficult movements, so he changed the movements until he couldn't simplify them.After performing in Taiwan last year, I went to Japan to perform this repertoire. I stood on the original stage as I wished. After the performance, I held a series of symposia. Combined, I think it is very meaningful. Part IV Chapter 8 Wen Qu Xing Jing Fang Fei (3) Bai: Kunqu Opera has been performed in Europe, the United States, Japan and other places. The local audiences can appreciate and respect the art of Kunqu Opera. I think that when the art surpasses a certain level, there will be no regional cultural differences, and it will become global.Ms. Zhang has performed in France, Berlin, Madrid, Spain and other places, and the effect is very good. "Shangkun" also performed in Japan and was very popular.The reason why Kunqu opera has stood the test of time is not accidental, because it can combine music, dance, literature, and drama with a degree of sophistication that is rarely seen in other arts.In the early days of the Republic of China, Kunqu Opera faced a crisis of inheritance. Professional Kunqu Opera troupes could not support their livelihoods and disbanded one after another. In 1921, interested people established the "Kunqu Opera Institute" in Suzhou, recruiting about 40 students. It is now called "Biography". The older generations, such as Zhu Chuanming, Yao Chuanxiang, and Wang Chuansong, have all kinds of jobs and rigorous training. In the future, this group of people will set up the "Xianni Club" in Shanghai to perform. They continue the life of Kunqu Opera. During the Anti-Japanese War, the old gentlemen were displaced. In 1949 Later, he gradually returned to his post in Kunqu opera.Ms. Zhang, how have you been influenced by them during your drama study career?Who is the most beneficial teacher? Zhang: I mentioned earlier that I was taught by the teachers of the "Quanfu Class", and the teachers of the "Chuan" generation taught me more. I have never worshiped any teachers, but the teachers of the "Chuan" generation are all my teachers. I benefited a lot from the conversations with the teachers. For example, Teacher Wang Chuansong sat down and talked with the students. I benefited from them all the time, especially Teachers Shen Chuanzhi and Yao Chuanxiang.After reaching middle age, I started to learn two operas of great significance to me, "Insane Dreams". These two operas took my own artistic path forward and enriched my artistic life. I haven't had these experiences yet.It is Master Yao’s specialty. The learning environment was quite good at that time. Teacher Yao was the teacher of the Hangzhou Opera School. He taught a section every day, and I reviewed it by myself in the afternoon. I went back to class the next day, and then went on to the next section after I was done. Therefore, I learned quite solidly. .Later, the leaders of the (Jiangsu) Provincial Kunqu Opera Theater wanted to connect together, and it became the version of our performance today, from "Garden Tour", "Dream", to "Photography" and "Departed Soul". "Photography" and "Leaving Soul" have never been performed, and only the singing is left, but there is no performance figure, so I invited Teacher Yao to rehearse, and he strengthened mine again, adding a lot of movements, but I think I am not suitable for it too much For fancy moves, the Hangzhou Xuexi version is better, and it has been maintained until now. Part IV Chapter 8 Wen Qu Xing Jing Fang Fei (4) Bai: Ms. Zhang's signature play "Zhu Maichen Divorces His Wife" is based on the "Hanshu·Zhu Maichen Biography" and the folk story of splashing water in front of a horse.Zhu Maichen, a Confucian scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, was nearly half a century old and had not yet achieved fame. His wife Cui was unable to endure hunger and cold, so she was forced to retire and remarry.Later, Zhu Maichen came back with a beautiful dress, and Cui felt ashamed, but the water was hard to recover, and the broken mirror could not be reunited. Finally, Cui committed suicide by throwing himself into the water.Times have passed, and there have been multiple versions. In the "Hanshu Zhu Maichen Biography", Cui's family still provided food and drink to her ex-husband after remarriage, and after Zhu Maichen became an official, he also treated Cui's family and his later husband kindly. tragic material.The Yuan Zaju "Zhu Taishou's Wind and Snow Fishing and Firewood" finally reunited Zhu Maichen and his wife and changed it to a happy ending. It was the legendary version of the Ming and Qing Dynasties "Lanke Mountain" that grasped the tragic connotation of the story.Mount Lanke is the residence of Zhu Maichen, but in the old book of "Kunqu Opera Encyclopedia", "Forcing a Retirement", after Cui got the letter of divorce, Zhu Maichen was expelled from the house in the heavy snow, and Cui was written as too vicious woman. The performance of "Su Kun" is the best modification. It portrays Cui Shi, an ordinary woman who loves vanity and can't bear poverty, in a reasonable and appropriate way, and the writing is more humane.Ms. Zhang plays Cui Shi in "Zhu Maichen's Divorce of Wife", which is derived from the true biography of Shen Chuanzhi, a teacher of the "Biography" generation.Teacher Shen Chuanzhi specializes in Zhengdan, and can accurately project Cui's ever-changing and complex emotions and every turning point. Even if Cui finally becomes crazy and crazy due to dreams, Ms. Zhang's performance still makes people feel real.Can you tell us how you interpret Cui Shi, and how you experience this woman's mental journey? Zhang: Teacher Xu Zhiquan insisted that I learn "Insane Dreams" with Teacher Shen, because "Insane Dreams" is a family play of Master Shen Chuanzhi, and Teacher Shen is famous for performing "Insane Dreams". Teacher Ming taught Dan Xing, and after being recommended by Mr. Gu Duhuang, I used a summer vacation to study, and then I went to Shanghai to perform. After the performance, I learned "Splashing Water". I heard that my "Crazy Dream" was approved by Teacher Shen. happy.Our theater troupe also released "Lanke Mountain" and connected "Forced Rest", "Insane Dreams", "Splashing Water" and other productions in series. The title of the play is "Zhu Maichen Divorces His Wife".In the performance, two people took turns to play Cui. Later, when I performed in Beijing in 1983, for the sake of character consistency, I also lined up the front. It happened that Mr. Jia came to Hangzhou, so I asked him to be the art director. Some revisions have been made to the book to make the characters fuller. Only "Infatuated Dreams" is quite complete.Teacher Ajia thought that Cui was not a bad woman, but a woman with flaws. Her flaws were "unwilling to be poor" and "unable to bear it".When Cui heard that Zhu Maichen became an official, she was flustered and regretful, but she couldn't let the yamen find out what she was thinking. It was not until after the yamen left that she said, "It turns out that Zhu Maichen has indeed become an official. Cough, Cui, Cui, If you hadn't done this in the past, why would you... this lady was definitely made by me!" There was wishful thinking in the laughter, she thought about it in self-satisfaction, and her emotions changed several times, "I Even if I want to see him now, even if I want to see him." At this time [Suo Nanzhi] did not play the sound of the drum, and then began to sing: "It's just that the shape is dirty, the clothes are shabby, and people are scared to death. After all, I still want to Pillow love, don’t talk about what’s in front of you, it’s like a garden vegetable, and it’s like falling tree flowers. I’m thinking about how to give me a price. I’m so fated to punish a pair of eyes that I’m going to be blind...”, the entering sound character is "one", to She sang clearly, the words were staccato, and then she said: "I remember when I got married, my parents handed me a glass of wine and said, son, son, you must be a good daughter-in-law when you marry into the Zhu family, and you will be a good wife with your father." The mother is fighting for breath, ah! That’s how you say it.” Then sing: “I remember teaching a saddle to match a horse in the future, but now, it seems that two melons have grown on one pedicle. Cough Cui Shi, Cui Shi, You are hated by thousands of people, and scolded by thousands of people." This play is very layered, layer by layer peeled off, and I have to thank Teacher Shen Chuanzhi for learning this play. Part IV, Chapter 8, Wen Qu Xing Jing Fang Fei (5) Bai: Cui's loss when she woke up from a dream made the audience feel very sympathetic to her. How do you surround the audience with your eyes and arouse their pity during the performance? Zhang: There are many formulas in Chinese opera. The key point is proper pauses, not only in the eyes, but also in singing and movements. In addition, the feeling in the heart must also be presented, and different characters must have a volume that suits the characters themselves. Zhao Wuniang also Zhengdan, but it is different from Cui's Zhengdan's female big painted face performance.When the dream came out, Cui chanted: "Get the phoenix crown quickly, come here Xiaxia Xiapei, come and abuse. Ah, it turned out to be a big dream." When the eyes come out, look twice, don't look too much, the key point is to let the audience see To the pause of the eyes. Bai: It is the most difficult one-man show, and it is also a big test for boudoirs. The artistic conception is quite high, and this play is also the peak. I will review the whole plot and ask Ms. Zhang to demonstrate [Te Te Ling] and [Jiang Er Shui] 】Two tunes, after "A Dream in the Garden", Du Liniang wanted to relive the dream again, 【Te Te Ling】: "That one is by the rocky side of the lake and mountain, and this one is by the peony pavilion. A thread of poplar hangs down, a drop of money from an elm pod. The thread springs like money!" Ms. Zhang fanned the flowers and plants all over the table with a fan, expressing Du Liniang's experience of spring, life, and personal experience.When singing "Te Te Ling", Du Liniang's mood was still in "Garden Tour", and when she came to "Jiang Er Shui": "Sometimes my heart is like love, by the plum tree. It seems that these flowers and plants are loved by others, and life and death follow others If I wish, I will be sour and bitter, and no one will complain. Waiting to be beaten and fragrant, the sky will be cloudy and rainy, and I will meet Megan." I found that it was all a dream, and I felt a great loss in my heart. I will listen to Zhang later. How does the lady interpret Du Liniang? Zhang: I learned this play from Mr. Yao. There is a saying that "a play that is familiar can be sung well, but a play that is raw should be sung well." Before going on stage, I asked to rehearse with the flute master at least once, and practice my voice for at least an hour a day. , Strengthen one's own ability. 【豆叶黄】The movement is very big and the song needs to be sung. To make the singing and movement beautiful, one must go through continuous practice.Cui Shi and Du Liniang have different interpretations of the two characters. Cui Shi is outward, while Du Liniang is inward, which is more difficult.An actor needs to be able to control himself, and my condition requires more attention to this point.The moves learned from the teacher must be deeply understood by the actors, and the routines must be honed slowly before they truly become the performance methods required by the characters. Bai: The romantic tradition of literature is reaching its peak. Tang Xianzu’s play can be said to be loved to the point of death. When I read the full version in New York, I found that for foreigners, it is more romantic than "Romeo and Juliet". The two protagonists eventually lost their lives for love, so it is both moving and positive. Part IV Chapter 8 Wen Qu Xing Jing Fang Fei (6) Gu: I have a few questions at hand, please ask Mr. Zhang to answer. The first question is what is "female painted face"? Zhang: "Female painted face" is a more exaggerated female painted face, in addition to Cui, Pang Zi in "Lu Lin" is also. Gu: Is Teacher Zhang's favorite character Du Liniang?Do you think she died of spring? Zhang: I think he died for love! Gu: What is the current situation of opera education in mainland China? Zhang: There are a lot of them going on everywhere. Many opera schools are recruiting new students. There are new bloods from all kinds of operas. I think the key point of opera education is how to let students absorb traditional nutrition. This is the long-term solution. Gu: Does Mr. Zhang have any favorite disciples? Zhang: I have never been to a teacher, but the teachers of the "Chuan" generation are all my teachers.I have not formally accepted students, but students like which dramas they like to learn from me. For example, two students from Suzhou, Wang Fang and Gu Weiying, have learned from me. The students choose by themselves, if someone wants to learn opera with me, I am happy to teach. Gu: Does teacher Zhang Jiqing think that artistic cultivation such as piano, chess, calligraphy and painting is helpful for learning opera? Zhang: My level is not high, and I haven't worked hard in this area, but at least I have learned a little bit. I don't like it, and it's three points. Cultivating artistic skills can help you understand the plot.In addition, of course there are actors who have a high level of education and are willing to work hard to learn. Gu: During the "Cultural Revolution", there were model operas in Peking Opera. What about the development of Kunqu Opera at that time? Zhang: It's a pity that Kunqu opera could not be sung during the "Cultural Revolution". Of course, there were no model operas produced, but I personally sang model operas, such as Mrs. Aqing in "Shajiabang" and the old lady in "Battle on the Plain". Propaganda has also sung Ping opera, learning different types of opera is good for me, for example, my pronunciation has been improved by singing Peking opera. Gu: Does the tune of Kunqu Opera sound less varied? Zhang: Kunqu Opera has the most tunes among all types of operas, and there are many changes, but for those who are not familiar with them, they may sound similar. Gu: In the fast-paced 21st century, facing the slow-paced Kunqu Opera, what does Mr. Bai think of the future development of Kunqu Opera? Bai: There are many new young audiences in Taiwan. Many college students like to watch Kunqu Opera, know how to appreciate Kunqu Opera, and find that there is beautiful art around us. We can get close to our own traditions, and the collective consciousness of the nation can also be condensed. Our heartstrings, so Kunqu Opera is full of development potential. Gu: Leaving one’s homeland is often accompanied by homesick dreams. The background music of my dream of leaving one’s homeland is all Chinese music. We should seek our roots. Keeping Chinese and Western learning in our hearts can make us richer.Next, I still want to ask Mr. Bai, how is the performance of the erotic part in Fifty-Five Out? Bai: In Tang Xianzu's script, there were dirty dirty jokes, which are even more shocking when presented on stage, but this is mostly an adjustment in the script. If it is all lyrical, the audience will get tired easily. In fact, these clips are not fake, and the emotions are very real. Shakespeare's plays also have a lot of meat and vegetables.In contrast to modern times, we are not as brave and true as the people of the Ming Dynasty, and the spirit of humanism was more displayed in the Ming Dynasty. Perhaps we should follow the example of Tang Xianzu! Gu: Thank you for today's literary and musical superstars who brought a "colorful bloom" on the "new stage". Organized by Zheng Rushan