Chapter 7 Moral Theory—One of Laity's Philosophy

Moral Theory—One of Laity's Philosophy What is morality?According to Wang's commentary: "Tao is the source of things, and virtue is the source of things, and they are obtained from them." This explanation is very clear and thorough, and it is worthy of our adoption.However, according to the meaning below, the word "wu" might as well be directly changed to "入". What you get is what you get, and what you get is good. People can start to get what they want, and if there is no benefit, who is happy to let it go? It's just that people and People have different situations, so it is difficult to agree on interests; not only can’t be consistent, sometimes conflicts occur. You may benefit from this, but I will not benefit from what you let. He let us We share the same cause and even suffer because of it. Under such circumstances, how can we set a standard that everyone is willing to follow? If we human beings are equal, this problem will not be solved. This is a problem, because what is good for you is actually good for me, even if the degree is slightly different, just like the current market size is better than the full size, but after all, there are limited people, and it does not matter; if we human beings are free, it is good for you, the author. Let it go, it is beneficial for me to let me go and let it go. Although everyone's reasons are different and the results are not the same, but they are all "above morality", the problem is solved invisible. Unfortunately, our real world is both Inequality is difficult to be free, so the strong will use their advantages to force or trick everyone to get what they get together, and the weak will be forced or tempted to go and get what others get. basic moral concepts.

The concentration of power is the failure of human wisdom. From then on, a general can command millions of soldiers, and an emperor can rule billions of subjects.We don't need to wonder what kind of magic spells this general or emperor has. The reason for debunking the diorama is quite simple, and they are nothing more than taking advantage of the blind obedience of the masses.On country roads in the evening, don’t we often see a shepherd boy of twelve or thirteen driving a large herd of cattle and sheep, and an old man in his seventies or eighties driving a large flock of chickens and ducks?Cows, sheep, chickens and ducks don't know how to think, and when they see a few running forward, the whole flock will follow, so the shepherd boys have no trouble chasing them, and they don't have to tell where they are going, let alone explain the purpose. What is the reason for the land.As for those who are advancing with cattle, sheep, chickens and ducks, it is enough to recognize the direction of the whip and bamboo pole. Everyone moves forward in a daze, and progress is just that. At the beginning, you don’t have to imagine what the rights and responsibilities are, what the glory is. Great mission, whether it is about sacred duty, etc.This is the stupidity of beasts. The sage Mencius was afraid that people would be inferior, so he urged the herdsmen to use this kind of method to deal with the people.Unfortunately, after all, people still know how to use their brains, and they are so eager to seek knowledge. After a long time, even the shepherds felt that it was impossible not to know, so they changed the words of the sages a little, and changed them to "the people can make them know what they are, but they can't make them know." Know why."However, the matter of seeking knowledge is similar to that of smoking opium. The pain is getting worse and worse, and the knowledge is insufficient. Later, there is a tendency to force the pastor to tell the reason.Therefore, the pastor also felt the power of the crowd is terrible, so he had to pick out a few cunning people from the group, and promised some benefits. Everyone agreed on a false statement of reason that was full of words, and the one with a loud voice was recommended to read it in public.In this way, a few people who thought they had the best hearing went forward without saying a word, and most of the whole group were unwilling to lag behind.When the march is singing strangely, if anyone dares to stop and think for a moment, everyone will laugh at him and attack him, so that everyone will blindly follow their own blindly.That's why I say that compared with cattle, sheep, chickens and ducks, human beings' blind obedience is only fifty steps away from a hundred steps away, and their ability to force others to follow blindly is even greater than that. The only difference is that human beings know how to manage themselves. To cover up the shame, all kinds of blind obedience are given the reputation of loyalty to the emperor, patriotism, salvation, benefiting the group, etc. morality.

Let's not underestimate this behavior of blind obedience, all the good stories of history are caused by it alone!We have to believe that the most celebrated so-called gentlemen—ideal moral men...—were the most courageous fellows of the day.Because what they gained was the gain of others, and instead of enjoying moral benefits, they suffered moral losses. Therefore, after they made sacrifices, those who took advantage of them quickly praised them, and even though they imagined many losses. The spiritual happiness of the last comes, of course, the meaning is to encourage the successors.For example, a gentleman is always poor, but he can't be too poor. If he can't afford food or drink, but refuses to eat the cheap food, wouldn't he starve to death?As for the word "stealing", there should never be a shadow in the mind of a gentleman. Therefore, after seeing them starve to death, the doughty rich man is willing to give a few coffins to encourage the rising stars, if every poor person in society is willing to do the same. , can't they hire a few less guards and bodyguards?The utility of morality is like the spring lock on the rice warehouse and coal stack, which locks the wealth of a few rich people and sells the lives of many poor people.This kind of morality has a bloody smell, and it is easy to talk about but not easy to keep, so even a virtuous person can be cited as a good talk.

After these man-eating morals have gained a good reputation, the famous and famous people in society will talk about it and stick to it, not only sticking to it, but even sticking to it.It is said that it is keeping promises to wait for a girlfriend to wait until the tide comes up. Song Boji, as the wife of a monarch, would rather be buried in the fire than be rude to others; this kind of bravery is too tragic up.There is also loyalty to the emperor to the point that "the ruler wants his ministers to die, and the ministers are not loyal if they do not die", and filial piety to the point where "the father wants the son to die, and the son is not filial if he does not die", this morality of loyalty and filial piety will appear horrible.For example, like King Zhou, who wanted to see people's hearts, Biping immediately dug them out and showed them thoroughly. When Duke Xian got angry, Che Sheng immediately hanged himself to death. This is tragic and deplorable.As for the women who have always been used to chasing the joys of morality, it is needless to say that they have all lost their minds when they talk about it since childhood, and they never dare to be suspicious of what men say.For example, it is women's righteousness from one side, so they feel that if it is two, it will be too much. Once their husband dies, they are afraid that if they live for a long time, they will have a chance to lose their morals, so they quickly hang themselves or passively into a well. thing.For a kabuki like Guan Panpan, living alone in the Swallow Tower is desolate enough, but the poet Bai Juyi thought it was not enough, and cruelly blamed him for "not accompanying him once he dies".So Guan Panpan surrendered his life in the Swallow Tower. In this way, Poet Bai's instigation of suicide finally succeeded, and the general virtuous people in society can feel relieved and satisfied. There are really not a few such morals!

I am a layman through and through, and I never like to listen to profound and mysterious theories, nor do I have any sense of sacredness or nobility.I don't know what kind of spiritual happiness Weisheng Boji has when he is so faithful and law-abiding. I also don't know what kind of spiritual comfort Bi Ganshensheng has when he is dying. , I just think that morality and morality must always produce some beneficial effects for people. ——Even if everyone cannot be benefited, the majority of people should be able to obtain considerable benefits.Only in this way can it conform to the original meaning of the word "morality", even if everyone can "get it from it".

I believe that human beings, like other animals, have a natural desire to live and die, to be happy and talk about the world.This is just as the utilitarians said, happiness is our only requirement, and morality is nothing but a tool to achieve happiness.If this kind of morality will cause us to lose our lives or happiness, then this kind of morality must not be true morality, and it is reasonable to speed up Shef.If someone initiates an association to encourage morality and advocates unsuitable morality, his crime is not as serious as that of male robbers and female prostitutes. Speaking of this, some people may ask: "It's good that morality should make people keep it. But there are several kinds of benefits. When you can't have both, which one should you choose?" Is it reasonable? For example, Bigan Shensheng, Boji Weisheng and others, although they lost their lives, they gained the reputation of loyalty, filial piety, trustworthiness, and profit. Isn't it also called profit?"

Therefore, what is beneficial to the orderer is disadvantageous, and what is true and what is false will become a dispute between different opinions.I am not a member of the Lide Committee, nor the chairman of the Interest Evaluation Committee, so there is no need to stipulate morality and immorality in a written constitution.But I think this principle should be a truth that is not easy through the ages, that is, "the greatest benefit is to benefit the survival of mankind; the second is to benefit the better existence of mankind." If someone regards death as a benefit, what he said The truth of ghosts is not what we want to obtain.But we can also die for the benefit, if the benefit is not achieved, we will not be able to continue living.We will never hesitate to risk our lives for such benefits, hoping to achieve the purpose of surviving.

If such behaviors of loyalty, filial piety, faith, etiquette, etc. are really beneficial to human survival, then we should think of reasonable morality as a matter of course, so as not to fail.If there are other kinds of behaviors that wear the good names of loyalty, filial piety, trustworthiness, etiquette, etc., but the practice will harm the happiness and even life of most people, then we should not sacrifice the benefits of ourselves or others because of this false name. .What we seek is the reality of morality, not the name of morality.Moreover, when we find that its name is not true, we have to ruthlessly tear off the moral mask it wears.

We must clearly distinguish right from wrong, good from evil, beauty from ugliness, and all things in the world. This is the basic work that is most beneficial to our human existence, and it is also the most reasonable moral obligation.We need wisdom; I believe that all future struggles in the world will be between wisdom and foolishness, not between Englishmen and Germans, or Chinese and Japanese. Another point I want to say is that true morality must come from the inner requirements of each person. It is easy to obtain and not difficult to practice.It's a pity that people in the world often pretend to be smart and refuse to think deeply. After hearing a few nonsensical theories, they pretend to be a certain faction of the Communist Party, and after learning a few half-understood terms, they think they are omnipotent and omnipotent.So I say whoever is stupid is the real enemy of morality.

Human beings are self-interested, but self-interest is not a moral burden. A person who truly knows self-interest can often benefit others as well.Edison is self-interested. When he was a newspaper boy on the train, he secretly set up a chemical laboratory on the train for his own interest. Finally, he was slapped in the face when the phosphor fell to the ground and caught fire. .If he only talked about being loyal to his post, shouldn't he raise his throat and shout a few more times: "It's not good! There's something wrong with the main road! Quickly read a seven-cent piece of Damei Ye——"?Dante is self-interested. He only wrote a "Divine Comedy" to vent his inspiration, but he didn't worry about the dark age and insomnia. He carefully conceived and came up with an outline of the Renaissance plan.Confucius was self-interested. He knelt down to Nanzi in order to use her to practice his own ways, but he refused to take care of her as an agent.I know that many literati write immortal masterpieces because they are dying of poverty. If Yizhu thinks about the loneliness of the literary world, and only pays debts for the entire literary world or the entire human race, then his altruistic kindness is admirable, but such kindness may not be able to achieve What a good thing to do.

It is said that Sakyamuni is the one who pays most attention to altruistic morality, and the object of his benefit is universal to all living beings, not only allowing human beings to monopolize.He once cut meat to feed the eagle, regardless of whether he said "I teach Love You" after he gave up eating meat, and he didn't ask whether it was worth the price of cutting the meat to death and teaching the life abolition, he did it, so he became a "Buddha" Instead of being a "person".We are human beings, and human altruism comes at an elemental cost, because if we don’t benefit others at the same time, we can’t benefit ourselves more, and even if we benefit others, we also benefit ourselves at the same time.Cutting the meat to feed the eagle is not possible, not only can't, if there is an urgent need, I will cut the flesh to heal myself.But I hope that the time of sentencing will always cause the eagle to suffer as little as possible, and the post-mortem will not force it to be reactionary and outdated. This is my moral concept.Even if you eat waste meat yourself and scold others why they don't cut up the meat and feed it to eagles, then I still don't regard this way as a virtue, and the others are also inferior and have no high value.