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Chapter 2 [Volume 1] Ritual and Music Articles

History of Chinese Literature 胡兰成 5879Words 2018-03-18
one Chinese literature belongs to the human world, while Western literature belongs to society.The human world is the sublimation of society, and society is only "existence". To know "nothing" and "existence" is the human world.Such as "nothing" knows "something" is civilization.Nature is "existence" and "nonexistence". Western society only has material "existence" and cannot correspond to it. The human world of Chinese civilization can correspond to it.Civilization is created in response to nature. There are five basic laws of nature, the first of which is that nature has will and breath, and will is breath.There is also will and breath in the world.To have a will is to have an upward self-awareness, and the life of all things is good.To breathe is to have aura.Western society cannot cope, and to say the end of the world means that the ambition is already short.I also don't know that everything is alive.I don't know interest, so there is a lack of Western things.

The second is the law of yin and yang.What is in the world is the scenery of ritual and music.Rituals are different but music is the same, that is, the change of yin and yang, the difference is the personality, and the same is the unity.However, Western society cannot correspond to the law of yin and yang, so it does not know the principle of similarities and differences. Now things are diverse and repetitive, similar but not unified, and there is no scenery. The third is the unified law of finite space-time and infinite space-time.Chinese civilization is able to express irrational numbers with rational numbers, and there can be infinite mountains and rivers on the railing, and it can make people think for thousands of years. Immortality lies in life.Western society has only limited time and space, and now it is even more about destroying the limited time and space.

The fourth is the unified law of causality and non-causality.The world is unhappy with retribution and luck every day, so happy.Western societies died of rationalism one by one, talking about teleology without knowing the future.The challenge is only towards the known, not towards the unknown. The fifth is the law of cycles.The world is a good way of life.In five hundred years, there must be a king's prosperity.Civilization invented the wheel at the beginning, and it is inexhaustible to this day, but the actions of Westerners themselves are all straight lines, and they cannot prove a circle with mathematics.The current environmental pollution is due to the inability to regenerate materials.

Eileen Chang once said, "Go out to the mountains and rivers of the sun and moon", which is the most good thing.China's first poem by Yu Shun: Qingyun is rotten and unadorned Sun Moonlight Huadan Fudan Xi Later, the poems and essays of Li Bai and Su Shi are all such a world. two A limited society with unlimited scenery is the world. Civilization is to understand "nothing" and "being", and only then can we know God, and as the Greeks only knew that the world exists, then the god Zeus is a big vulgar thing.If there is nothing and nothing, new witnesses can be obtained in the physics of this century.If the nucleus of an atom is as big as a bean, its electron orbits are tens of meters long, and of course there is nothing in it, not even the so-called cosmic dust.However, there is breath, but because breath is not matter, it cannot be said to exist.Nothing is interest.The scenery of the world is born in the breath.

The ancient Greeks discovered that irrational numbers cannot be corresponded by mathematical methods, so they said that there is no absolute precision.Today Haruhiko Noda, a professor of biochemistry at Tokyo University in Japan, said that for the emergence of organisms on the earth, in one billion years, the number of conditions selected for their evolution is 10 to the 40th power, that is, tens of billions of times. Ten billion times more, and ten billion times more, so he concluded that there can be no living things on other planets, because there can no longer be such a coincidence.But the shape of Chinese civilization can achieve absolute precision when it understands nothing and existence.So the world is true.I remember seeing this way of writing in old novels:

The scholar dived to Lin'an, the scenery along the way, the mountains are real mountains, the water is real water, He doesn't see enough, but sees more than enough. I said it well about the real mountains and rivers that I love. If there is another ten to the forty power, just like our ancestors in the Neolithic Age invented the wheel, mathematics and music, if it is said that they were obtained by selective conditions, then the number of times is more than ten to the forty power.But that's because you can get it, and you can get it by chance, not through the selection of conditions.It is the so-called conclusion first, method second.Chinese daily utensils all have the creativity and freshness of the invention of the wheel, mathematics and music, unlike Western ones which are only structured according to the method of the wheel, mathematics and music.

Chinese utensils, such as Yin bronzes, Han pottery, and Song porcelain, are beyond the reach of other countries. This is because the squares, circles, and straight lines used in Chinese utensils all have an infinity, so every pot and bowl has a meaning.There are such circles, squares, and straight curves in mathematics, but they cannot be obtained by mathematical methods, but they are all natural postures in Chinese utensils. The world of Chinese civilization is real mountains and rivers, all utensils are real, and so are people.The Chinese have already left the animal body, and the human body is the body of the Tathagata.The prime particles are born of the ultimate natural will and breath, so they are full of aura. They are matter and non-material, symbols and not symbols, and they are still between non-existence and existence, emptiness and form.

The human body can also be like this.Marriage in the old days was only based on matchmaking, and the result was far better than that of men and women choosing by themselves, because in the old days, girls were all flowers. Although they were classified into classes, they were always flowers, and men were born in the world according to the etiquette. There is no difference. to where.For example, the Japanese kimono is realized without a word, and it is tailored so that it can be suitable for anyone who wears it, and there can be this kind of affinity between people.A sentence from the university, "Be close to the people", the family relationship between people is the guarantee of the harmony between men and women. Men and women in modern society are a dominating existence. Finding a marriage partner is like customizing a suit that suits your figure, and it is not suitable for you to wear. up.

Now there is greed for things, but without the heart of cherishing, how do you know how to cherish people?The things you use are short-lived, so how can your affection for people be long-lasting.If there is something without a word "no", it turns out that there is nothing to miss.Without a word "no", it turns out that it will not last long.The circles and dotted lines in mathematics are not destroyed, because there are no circles and no dotted lines, but the circles and dotted lines drawn with compasses and triangular plates are rough and vicious, and cannot live forever.However, Chinese civilization can express emptiness with color and non-existence with matter, so it has eternal life.

China has always been a place where both the imperial court and the people live in the world. There are also prosperity, wealth, and sorrow and poverty, but they are all like Kunqu Opera and Pingju Opera. with luck.This word Qi comes from the breath of nature.A thief in a Ping drama is cuter than a Western gentleman.In the old play, Li Sanniang was in trouble, and her younger uncle took care of her. She sang on the stage, "That loving and righteous little uncle", which was really soul-stirring.I love this world so much, I am willing to die for it right now. If I say patriotism, this is my patriotism.

three When I was studying in an elementary school in Shaoxing City, I asked my classmates to borrow dozens of Western novels translated by Lin Shu to read, ranging from detective novels to Dumas’s La Traviata. Very unhappy.When Huilan was in first grade, she read in English about a child who climbed a tree to the sky, and saw a blue-gray monster sitting by the door trying to eat him.Huilan is a church middle school, and there is "Path of the Kingdom of Heaven" in class. I don't like that it doesn't have any scenery.During the July vacation, I lived in Shangyu’s family, and Xia was read Ten Lectures on Modern Literature by Chuchuan Baicun: Very Passionate.On the way back to school, I read Meng Haoran's collections at Cao'e Hotel. I felt kind, comfortable, and solid in my heart, like sleeping on the grass with my back to the sky.It turns out that in Western literature, there is no scenery of the world, it is not allowed to travel freely, and it is always disturbing. The famous poems of Byron and Shelley, "Mourning Greece", "Western Wind", and "Nightingale", I didn't feel good after reading them.Chinese poetry, such as Liu Yuxi's nostalgia, has the God's will and human affairs in the gossip of fishermen and woodcutters, but Byron's can't be counted.To talk about the west wind, Fan Zhongyan's phrase "The scenery is different in autumn on the frontier" is better than Shelley's I don't know how much.And the "Nightingale" is not as good as the "Cuckoos singing red all over the green hills" in the Peony Pavilion.Beethoven's "Moonlight" and "Moonlight" in Oscar Wilde's fairy tales are also monotonous and cold.The moon in Tang poetry is far more meaningful to civilization than the moon reached by space rockets, which is beyond the reach of Western literature. Western literature has no world, and its indifferent and severe realm is Catholicism, and its enthusiasm is like a tenor and soprano singing, all of which are fleshy voices, unlike the voices of Pingju opera.Western music and literature do not know breath, so there is no wave of breath as the tune, but the melody of force, and in the end it tends to business literature.Compared with this, I still like their medieval ones, as Eileen Chang said: god sits in his heaven There is peace on earth. Like me, I also like to read Gogol's novels, which describe the clumsy and solidified life of the old Russian rural family.But it is also that man and God cannot be together. The human world in the West was lost due to slave society and conquest long before Greece, and the memory left in the Old Testament is Paradise Lost.I can't even imagine the scenery in this world anymore. The Garden of Eden is actually not good, but I can remember the important fact that man and God are no longer together.In the human world of Chinese civilization, man and God are together, that is, here is eternal life and destination, but in Western society, there is no destination, and everything that people do is not counted, so Tolstoy ran away from home in his later years and went to God. go there. Four Japanese civilization also has human beings.But China is a world of peace and tranquility, while the imperial space of the Japanese emperor is far away, with the brightness of vermilion and the depth of purple.This became the environment of Japanese civilization. The human world is originally a civilized environment, but it cannot become a fixed environment. For example, Daiyu Baochai and others in the Dream of the Red Chamber talked about the Six Patriarch Altar Sutra, saying, "If there is no foothold, then it is clean." The human world in Chinese civilization is realistic, and there is a kind of idea of ​​seeking immortality, such as Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi and Li Bai, which is self-denial in the human world, and young people are not proud of their youth.That's the way it should be.The Japanese want to live in the imperial palace of the emperor and the paradise of Buddhism, just like Buddhism lives in Nirvana.The sentiment and art of the Japanese are deeply addicted to this world.The Japanese nation is artistic, but the Chinese nation is not. The Chinese nation has more artistic ideas than the Japanese nation, but it does not indulge in art. The reality of the human world in Chinese civilization is mostly inspired by political and industrial systems.There are many things to do, nothing to do.The Japanese only believe that imperial characters are inaction.Literati such as Yasuda and Shigero believed that the emperor did not need to be involved in political affairs, and it was better to be a young emperor who was good at the hands of court ladies, and poetry and orchestra were the beauty of the dynasty.Writers such as Chao Goro of Haiyin Temple also thought that it was better for the emperor not to be in charge of the government.For example, Yasuda didn't even think well of Emperor Meiji's great cause of reform. But this reminds me that Tibetan Lamaism also has its long-term Paradise of Ultimate Bliss, and living here, but doing nothing, so I only need to treat young children as lamas.Many people in Japan who worship Shinto and the emperor don't even think about the fact that the emperor is in charge. The world of Japanese civilization, also known as the emperor's palace, is a mixture of Shinto Takamahara and Buddhist Paradise.In the legends of the Japanese people, there are still ancient memories of the earlier migration. In the other land of the original place, there is "Eternal World", also known as "The Country of the Concubine", which is similar to the fairyland of the Queen Mother of the West in Chinese legend.I like the eternal life mentioned here, which is memorable.But the human world of Chinese civilization is called the rule of ritual and music, and it is learned. Ritual and music are the language of the human world itself, which is intellectual and action-oriented, while Japan's is emotional, so it is artistic.Japan's world does not have its own intellectual language, so it is not familiar with ideology and theory. Every major action in its history is more emotional than intellectual. The Japanese are not friendly to ideology and theory, which can be seen in Tousan Mangu Yangyi and others to Mr. Sun Wen.They sympathized with Mr. Sun's revolution and helped raise military funds and transport weapons, but they were not interested in Mr. Sun's ideas on how to create China's own new political and industrial systems.They didn't even mention Mr. Sun's Three Principles of the People and the outline for the founding of the country.Now there are Japanese friends who sympathize with me as a man of lofty ideals and are willing to help. However, most of them don’t care about the five basic laws of nature and the new political and industrial systems I mentioned.For example, Oka Kiyoshi and Yukawa Hideki said that they should conduct ideological campaigns, and they would not touch the issue of the system. In addition to being excellent in art, the Japanese are also known as excellent in science and technology in the world, because they do science and technology with sentiment, just like making handicrafts. Therefore, Japanese literature is inferior to Chinese literature. Although Japanese literature is far more beautiful than Chinese literature, Japan's human world is not as creative as Chinese literature. Japanese literature lacks the scenery of the human world, and replaces it with the realm of art.The world in Japan has become an artistic environment.But art also needs to be in an unsuitable environment. Fives The degree of a nation depends on how it treats the natural world.The Chinese are intimate with nature, and know about it; the Japanese are also intimate with nature, and have affection for it; What the Chinese know is nature, which is the material nature and the ultimate nature without material behind it.Talk to the material nature, but talk to nature.The Westerners who talk about attacking and plundering the material nature will eventually be wiped out by nature. The degree of literature also depends on how it treats the natural world.Western literature here is a complete failure.When I was young, I loved Greek mythology, which is actually not good. Some of the things I liked when I was young are uncountable, but the things I like are good in themselves.I also admired Homer's epic poems for many years afterwards, and I sighed that there was no such thing in the history of Chinese literature.Only Yasuda and Juro wrote in the article that they did not admire Homer's epic.Although I admired it later, I gradually lost my love, but it is only now that I can explain the reason and cancel my admiration for it.In a word, Homer's epics are supernatural. The war in Troy, there were bonfires in the field, there were cities and streets, and there were many people. On the way back from the Odyssey expedition, there were seas, islands, and wind and waves. It was like an oil painting with heavy light and shadow, and the light was just a bonfire. Light.There is neither the sun nor the moon, and there is no sun, moon, mountains and rivers as Zhang Ailing said. I always think about the young Alexander of Macedonia who rode into Athens at the head of the army. He conquered Egypt, destroyed Persia, and conquered India. This is a great heroic cause in the ancient Western world, but why there is no great article about him.The reason lies in the failure to combine the heroic cause with the infinite scenery of nature.There are Alexander films in American movies, but there is no such thing as Sun, Moon, Mountains and Rivers, and Genghis Khan does not have a great literature.In modern times, the two world wars left only reports and postscripts of events. Chao Goro of Haiyin Temple wrote historical novels, and was rewarded for his cultural achievements, and I presented him with a poem: The history of personnel and the natural way doubts that heroes and rascals have real appearances Women's relationship, world plan, fishing and firewood gossip It is impossible to write great literature without the nature and human affairs in the gossip of fishermen and woodcutters. Greek things are good at mathematics and physics, as well as temple architecture and statue carving.Its mythology and literature are not good.Even the architecture and sculptures in the later generations of the Western world have become evil, because there are more witches and powers, and when the witches and powers are removed, there is only utilitarianism.The Western literature of later generations has never been better. Like their singing, they are all fleshy voices. I bought the picture book "Constellations and Myths" and saw that the Greek myths really turned the stars into events and vulgar objects. They are not as good as the Chinese ones about the Altair and the Weaver Girl, Dou and Baji. They have the kindness of heaven and earth, and purple MSI is the emperor star, there are literary stars and guest stars, Taibai star is the main soldier spirit, and Yinghuo star turns into a scarlet child singing nursery rhymes with all the children on summer nights, which foretells chaos in the world, although it is also similar to the Greek constellation myth The ones in China are unscientific, but the ones in China are telling the news from heaven.China's poetry, which is based on the constellations, has nothing to do with science, but it speaks of nature more directly than science. six Singing Ping opera is the most distasteful sound, comparable to geometry cannot be based on the dotted line of the real thing.The syntax of literature must also be French.Nowadays it is popular to translate scriptures and subsets in vernacular, which is a lack of nerve for literature.Literature expresses meaning with words, and the words mean at the same time.We can write the meanings in the scriptures and sub-collections in the vernacular today, which was a creation when it was written, but it cannot be translated.Able to understand the literal meaning, that is, writing novels can also be writing theory, writing philosophy can also be literature. Since Song Confucianism, theoretical articles have been broken.However, the novels of Yuanqu, Ming and Qing Dynasties were still unrestrained. By the time of the Republic of China, there were news-style writing, lecture-style writing, and literary-style writing, and even the writing of novels, dramas, and prose was broken. True musicians and mathematicians have a kind of nobility because they can reach heaven.The music of lewd songs and wild dances does not count, and the mathematics for calculation alone does not count.Literature is a noble man's business.China is both common people and nobles, and those who have this consciousness are scholars.Journalistic and lecture-style and literary and artistic styles are not expensive. China has always talked about calligraphy and painting, technique is craftsmanship, and artistic taste is habit, both of which are bad.Calligraphy, for example, requires profound skill, but even skillful techniques can be transformed into a posture. This is not craftsmanship.Art is like this, for example, the shrines in Japan are extremely beautiful, and the builders at the time and the worshipers today are just as devout and joyful, with a feeling of the beginning of the world, wanting to rise up, and if it is a work of art, it will Lost in obsession.Literature such as Song poetry and Wang Anshi's articles are the most consciously free from craftsmanship and artistry. Literature is something for noble people, this sentence involves the issue of popularization.The potter Hoyo Okano said to me: "Potters that are only used for ornamental purposes will gradually become narrow and poor. As for eccentricities, I feel that I need to make more pottery for daily use." He has successfully fired several kilns recently. very happy.When I went to see it, there was also a disc, and he said that it is better to burn the disc once before.Take out the one that is often used at home and compare it. It is interesting to say that the line on the edge of this dish is interesting.The human world is something that can be used every day—it is a meaningful existence, so it is all noble, so it can be a commoner or a nobleman.Literature is also like this, but it is not enough to be popularized.In the West, only one Old and New Testament is the best literature, but that is Hebrew.Biblical literature is not for the masses, nor for priests and pastors. In China, it has always been said that Taoism is more expensive than art, and officials are more expensive than officials. Now it is said that government officials have a higher status than affairs officials. It is more expensive, and the article can have such knowledge.Not only more than pottery, but also more than music and mathematics.Mathematics comes from irrational numbers, and articles can have such knowledge.Not only more than pottery, but also more than music and mathematics.Mathematics comes from irrational numbers, and it is impossible to prove it with mathematical methods, so it cannot be absolutely precise.Music can achieve absolute scale and dance, but music itself cannot explain it.However, the shape of the article can also reach the absolute realm that music can reach, and it can explain the reason.Because articles are words, there is a sentence in the New Testament, "In the beginning there were words, and words were with God." The essence and ubiquity of human civilization are rites and music, and articles are its words, so they are called rites and music articles.The article is not only the words of one family, but the words of all families. It stands for music, pictures, sculptures and buildings.The article is to speak for the sky, and to speak for a lifetime.So there are three things that are the most expensive: nature is expensive, rituals and music are expensive, and articles are expensive.Articles are words of consciousness.
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