The research on Dream of Red Mansions is changing with each passing day. There are already two schools of thought on whether Gao E will continue the book.There are also those who claim that the last forty chapters are Cao Xueqin's own works, and after writing it, she put aside the clues in the commentary and wrote it by hand.Some people also think that the last forty chapters include Cao Xueqin's incomplete manuscripts.Since the study of the May Fourth era, it has completely turned around in the past 40 years.Based on the style and merits alone, it is impossible to judge that the last forty chapters are original works or contain original works, and it is inevitable to be subjective.Literary and artistic criticism is of no use here.The fact is that apart from textual research, it is all empty talk.I dared to compare Baoyu's corresponding poem "Green Wax Spring Still Scroll" with the previous sentence "The Dream of Red Mansions is not finished". In fact, the word "unfinished" has become a problem.

Some people have said that the "Three Great Hate Things" are "the first hates the prickly shad, and the second hates the unscented crabapple". When I was a child, after watching eighty episodes of A Dream of Red Mansions, each character’s language was tasteless and their faces became hideous. I only complained, "Why didn’t it look good later?" The course of life is changing.But the responses are all so-called "button responses", which happen immediately when a button is pressed, and are always the same.It was a long time later that I heard that there was a Gao E continuation in the last forty chapters.No wonder!Did not delve into it.

It wasn’t until around 1954 that I saw a book in Hong Kong that studied eighty episodes of funerals based on Zhi Criticism. It was an emotional experience for me. There is news.So far, I have seen relevant recent works, and I can't wait to read them. The research on Dream of Red Mansions is changing with each passing day. There are already two schools of thought on whether Gao E will continue the book.There are also those who claim that the last forty chapters are Cao Xueqin's own works, and after writing it, she put aside the clues in the commentary and wrote it by hand.Some people also think that the last forty chapters include Cao Xueqin's incomplete manuscripts.Since the study of the May Fourth era, it has completely turned around in the past 40 years.Based on the style and merits alone, it is impossible to judge that the last forty chapters are original works or contain original works, and it is inevitable to be subjective.Literary and artistic criticism is of no use here.The fact is that apart from textual research, it is all empty talk.I dared to compare Baoyu's corresponding poem "Green Wax Spring Still Scroll" with the previous sentence "The Dream of Red Mansions is not finished". In fact, the word "unfinished" has become a problem.

The use of ancient official names and place names in the book, of course, cannot mention the difference between Manchu and Han.The author does not hide that it is full of people, and there is Tiaoshen in the twenty-fifth chapter.Some details of the funeral are slightly different, which does not mean that it is full of customs.Sister Feng sat on a large armchair in front of the coffin and wept for the Qin family. After Jia Jing died, the children and grandchildren went home to attend the funeral, crawling all the way in on their knees—presumably because of the influence of Lamaism.The Qing Dynasty believed in Lamaism, and Tibetan pilgrims crawled around the temple and kowtowed in the temple.

In Chapter 92 of the continuation book, "Baoyu also asked Niuniu how she is", calling Sister Qiao Niuniu, which means she is Manchurian.If it were Cao Xueqin, he would never do this.If the people at that time knew that the twelve hairpins were big feet, how would they feel?No wonder such brisk walks, such a big garden, the sisters go out to eat every meal. The author is very skillful to avoid this problem.Among so many women in the book, there is only one, Third Sister You, and the Zhiben wrote about her with an extra sentence "a pair of golden lotuses may be knocked or merged".Chapter 70 Qingwen wakes up early in the morning and presses Fangguan's diaphragm with Sheyue, "That Qingwen only wears a small green jacket, a small red coat, and red sleeping shoes." There are more than three characters at the end of Zhiben.Wear sleeping shoes only when feet are bound.

Ji Qingwen's Fu Rongyi finally wrote clearly: "Behind the hide-and-seek screen, the lotus petals are silent." Little feet hide and seek, but there is no sound, which shows that the body is light. In addition, there is only the second sister You. When I saw Jia Mu on the 69th time, Jia Mu looked closely at the skin and hands. '" Zhiben added the sentence "mandarin ducks lifted their skirts again".Lifting the skirt is of course to look at the feet, whether they are wrapped up small, and how the feet look like, which was the custom for buying concubines at that time.Not only does Second Sister You have small feet, but the Jia family also seems to be particular about this.Cao Xueqin was originally a Han Chinese, and lived in the south of the Yangtze River for a long time after entering the customs. To what extent is it Sinicized?

Fifty-ninth Huichun Yan mother and daughter can run, and they are long-distance races, and they don't want to have their feet bound.Of course they do rough work.Chapter 54 A woman said to a little girl, "Is there a foot that is too big?" The rough ones obviously also have their feet bound.The maids and maids are all Han women.Are feet bound mostly? There are detailed descriptions of Fengjie Baochai's costumes for attacking mandarin ducks: skirt jacket, bijia, double-breasted jacket, and Fengjie wears "golden silk and eight treasures in a beaded bun", which is still Jinpingmeili's dress.Women's clothing in the early Qing Dynasty was originally similar to that in the Ming Dynasty, the so-called "men descended and women did not descend".Wear Han clothes without binding feet?

The "Biography of Heroes and Sons and Daughters" of about the same period clearly stated that the An family was a bannerman, and Mrs. An and Mrs. Uncle Tong also wore skirts and jackets, which were no different from Han costumes at that time.At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, intermarriage was unavoidable, and the idea has become assimilated. The only difference is whether the feet are bound or not. (The photos of Manchu women in the late Qing Dynasty taken by outsiders are not only in the palace, but also the "noble ladies" walking together on the streets of Beijing are all in cheongsam.)

Baochai is a girl to be drafted in Beijing, and her family is a generation of imperial merchants, so she should be a "little girl from the Three Banners".But Yingxuan seemed to come at his fingertips, and there was no explanation after that.Daiyu was originally from Suzhou, and I think she was from Jinling like Jia's and Xue's.In fact, except for the relatives of the same clan and the distant relatives of the previous generation, the relatives of the Cao family are probably all Manchu or Baoyi.The second sister You and the third sister You in the book are not actually relatives. Chapter 64 writes that Mrs. You is a remarried woman, and the second You is Tuoyouping, who is not You's younger sister at all—so only the two sisters are little feet.

In the same reply, it was written that You Shi could not prevent Jia Lian from marrying the second sister You, "Besides, he and the second sister are not the same mother, so it is inconvenient to take care of them," and if they are of the same father, they are still half-sisters. The sixty-fourth and sixty-seventh chapters are generally considered to be unreliable, but in the first half of the sixty-fourth chapter, there are two self-criticisms by the author, which prove that they are definitely written by the author.There are many contradictions, not just this one.Recalling the hanging of Bao's second daughter-in-law, "Jia Lian gave two hundred silver and asked him to marry another one." The two hundred taels were originally sent to him, and he was promised to "choose a good wife for you someday", referring to the girl. Assigned when matching.Again, it is said that Zhang Hua was ruined by a lawsuit and was given twenty taels of silver to withdraw from the marriage.The sixty-eighth chapter said that Zhang Hua was addicted to gambling, went bankrupt, was expelled by his father, and retired to Shiliang.

Zhou Ruchang issued a chronology, and the date and month in the certificate are extremely accurate.However, in the 64th round of Daiyu's sacrifice to her parents in July, "because July is the festival of melons and fruits, every family goes to the grave in autumn", it is July 15th, or it is July 7th.Then Jia Lian proposed to marry the second sister You, who passed through the door in the third day of junior high, which should be the third day of August.The next time, "it's been two months" since the marriage is early October.Jia Zhen has a relationship with Third Sister You, and she can't stand it.Then Jia Lian went to Ping'an Prefecture, and met Liu Xianglian three days on the road, and made an engagement on behalf of her third sister. "Who knows that Xianglian will come to Beijing in August."Then the engagement is July at the latest.Why was it already July three months ago? According to Zhou Ruchang's 69th chapter, the second sister You said that she had been married for half a year in the twelfth lunar month, and the wedding date seems to be the third day of June.The book is always chronological. The sixty-seventh chapter was the most problematic, and there was not even a single fat batch.But writing about Liu Xianglian becoming a monk, "I don't know where to go, so I won't show it for the time being." It can be seen that there is still the following, falling grass.Zhen Shiyin's "good song" and "to be a strong beam in the future" are next to "Liu Xianglian's people".It is also written that Aunt Xue said to Xue Pan: "You should also make arrangements for business now, and the other thing is to take care of what you should do when you marry a wife." It was not until the seventy-ninth chapter that Xiangling added it. The next time Xue Pan went out to visit relatives on the way, he fell in love with Xia Jingui, and when he got home, he urged his mother's central media, and it was done as soon as he said it.In this way, it seems that these two chapters are still the original works, and may be incomplete and rewritten by others.It is an earlier manuscript, and the vernacular is still not fluent. It has been rewritten many times, contradicting itself, and the writing style is also poor.This book claims to have been written for ten years, but in fact it is more than that. We have seen his progress.But look at the second round of Zhi Criticism: "The language is too annoying, and I can't bear it. The ancients said, 'Appreciate ink like gold'. Seeing this, ink is like dirt, even if it is performed tens of thousands of times." It is also very good. In Qianlong's 120 chapters manuscript, the first 80 chapters are fat editions, some of the dialogues are slightly different from his manuscript, some are more vivid, loose and abrupt, and the speech is originally like that.It was time for people to comment on John O, Hr's "recorder ears".The 120 chapters manuscript is a cobbled together version with different sequence, and the same handwriting may not necessarily be the same manuscript, so it remains to be seen which of these dialogues and his manuscript came first.If it is modified later, it is processing.It would be a pity if it was an earlier manuscript and it was revised more smoothly later, but we must remember how isolated Cao Xueqin was in his time, and there was really no standard except for his own instinctive judgment.The way to go was gradually discovered by him in the dark. In the book, the difference between foot binding and heaven is intentionally vague.Miaoyu Xiangling from outside, and some concubines like Jia She and Jia Zhen, probably have small feet. "Family-born daughters" are like mandarin ducks and Aunt Zhao—Zhao Guoji, Zhao's younger brother, is a servant of Rongfu—it should be Tianzu.Qing Xi was born in Xiaojia Biyu, and Qingwen entered the mansion at the age of ten, thinking that her feet were bound.The attacker didn't mention it. Writing Eryou Xiaojiao, because they are an exception among relatives, half of it is to use them to create the illusion that everyone is a three-inch golden lotus.At the same time, it seems that only Huadan on the stage is a fashion footstep—one of the sisters is in a "big red jacket" and the other is in a "red jacket and green trousers", purely dressed—the Tsing Yi is an ancient costume, with no feet visible.Chai and Dai in the general impression are always beauties in ancient costumes like celestial maidens, forgetting that Baoyu has a big braid.That's exactly what the author wants them to think.If it is Tianzu, it is also Tianzu from before Song and Ming Dynasties, not from Manchuria.Of course, readers in the Qing Dynasty thought it was a small foot, but readers since the Republic of China probably never thought of this, which is also the author's success. In the episode "White Snow and Red Plum Blossoms in the Glazed World", Daiyu put on sheepskin boots, and Xiangyun also wore buckskin boots.Both times were "little boots", as if they were little feet.Daiyu should have been only twelve years old that year, and Xiangyun was younger than her.This involves the issue of age in the book, which is quite complicated.Anyway, it's either the child's boots or the slender women's boots. When Daiyu first appeared on the stage, she criticized: "If you don't write about dresses and decorations, it's something Baoyu disdains, so you haven't seen it." Why doesn't Baoyu pay attention to clothes? I think it means that he deserves to wear red." It can be seen that people are often criticized for not being worthy of wearing it. The author pays more attention.In the manuscript of Chapter 120, Baochai appeared wearing a water-green padded jacket, but he wrote it as "honey-combined color" in the original, which seems to have been changed later.But the general book does not mention Daiyu's clothing, only the snow appreciation, in order to set off the shabbyness of Xiuyan, explain each person's coat one by one.Daiyu is wearing a red feather crepe mask, a crane cloak with a white fox lining, a belt and boots.The crane cloak must have shawl-style sleeves, like the wings of a crane, otherwise the cloak cannot be tied with a belt.Cloaks, belts, and boots are all ancient clothes—even in modern times. The only other time, the eighth time when Daiyu went to Aunt Xue's house, "Baoyu saw that he was wearing a red satin gown with a big red feather, so she asked, "Is it snowing?" The setting roll has no timeliness, so it is not accidental. "The Lonely Forest of the Fairyland" should have an ethereal feeling, and it doesn't necessarily belong to any era. Although Baochai was elegant, among these people, she was the most deeply influenced by ethics and sophistication, so she was more of a person of their time. The clothes written by Xiangyun are only for men. Qingwen "dresses up like a Xishi every day" (Wang Shanbao's family saying), but only writes about her obscene clothes and night shoes.That time when the diaphragmatic Fangguan just got up, he was only wearing underwear.What he exchanged with Baoyu when he was dying was also an "old red silk jacket worn close to the body".The only time I put on clothes to see Mrs. Wang, "It's not very adorned...the hairpins are loose and the bun is loose, the sash of the shirt is faded, and there is a legacy of spring sleep holding the heart..." It is still vague and general. "Dropping shirt with faded belt" seems to be an ancient costume, and like Daiyu, it has no definite era. Baoyu offered sacrifices to Qingwen to "make a difference, set up a new scene, be romantic and strange, and have nothing to do with the world, so that I can live up to the two of us." The identity, but a typical girl, can be any era.Baoyu is so self-confident that "the two of us are human beings", and in the continuation book he said: "Qingwen is a girl after all, and there is no great benefit." (Chapter 104) Daiyu draws lottery for hibiscus flowers, while Qingwen confers the god of hibiscus, and Furong also wins Daiyu.Begonia in Yihongyuan died, and Baoyu thought it was a harbinger of Qingwen's death.Begonia "blush is like applying fat, and weakness is like helping the sick." Foot binding is precisely to create a posture of "helping the sick".It is already vague to write about Qingwen's footbinding, and Daiyu is even more delicate, but she can't have her feet bound, and I don't know how to write about her footbinding.After all, footbinding still has a timeliness.When writing about Daiyu, even her appearance is almost purely about her expression, the only specific thing is the word "thin face with anger".There is no detail in the whole body, just a gesture, a voice. Yu Pingbo corrected other editions based on the manuscript of the 120 chapters. In the 79th chapter, there was a miscopy of a sentence as "good shadows and wonderful things".The author has a knack for romantic literature and art. So for the first time I read the last forty chapters Daiyu was wearing a "water red flowered jacket" with "red gold flat hairpins" on her head, which (chapter 89) was very glaring.It was a lithographed version of Cheng Jia, and his version A and B were both made of "a small fur coat with moon white flowers, plus an ermine waistcoat", with golden hairpins, and "a cotton skirt embroidered in the color of Concubine Yang is tied around the waist, just like a graceful tree standing in the wind. , Ran Ran Xianglian takes the dew." The 120th Chapter manuscript did not have this description, and it was added in between.Yu Pingbo analyzed this manuscript and found that the revisions were the same as Cheng Yi's, and the original background of the last forty chapters was probably earlier than Cheng Gao's.There are photocopies in the library of Harvard University. I read it, and fourteen of the last forty chapters have not been altered, either transcribed or copied.If it is copied from the second version, the old version is only two-thirds, but all the important scenes and dialogues are here. Although the old version is simple, it doesn't mean that it doesn't write about clothing at all, and only mentions Daiyu. It only said that she "changed a few new clothes for her birthday, and she was dressed like Chang'e in the lower realm", which is in line with the spirit of the original book.After Baoyu became a monk, the orangutan felt cloak was criticized for being so lavish.Pair the old version with version A and version B, and the word "orangutan felt" was originally added by version A.The old version "a man with bare head and bare feet in the snowy shadow on the bow of the boat, wearing a red cloak on his body, bowed down to Jia Zheng" is indeed a stroke of genius, and the artistic conception is very beautiful.Cassocks were originally bright orange or red.Where the climate is cold, they also wear simple cloaks.It's all because Ben Jia is familiar with Dream of the Red Chamber, and remembers that in "The World of Glazed Snow and Red Plum", there are gorilla felt cloaks in one chapter, and I can't help itching, adding these three words. One of the characteristics of the last forty chapters of the old edition is that it emphasizes that the texts written in the book are Manchurians.After the one hundred and sixteenth home search, Jia Zheng checked the accounts, "Check the land rent in the eastern province again, and in recent years it has not been paid half as much as that of my ancestors." The one hundred and seventeenth time, Jia's mother asked Jia Zheng: "The silver treasury in our western mansion and the land in the eastern province are not paid. Do you know how much is left?" Cao Yindong Pavilion's "Donggao Caotang Ji" mentioned the location of "Yujiashoutian" in Hebei.Zhou Ruchang said in "New Evidence of a Dream of Red Mansions": "The Eight Banners enclose land, most of which are located in the east of Beijing... The Dream of Red Mansions writes that Wujin's filial piety will take place on January and two... Walk or push a cart to Beijing... Every ten months, there are two thick snows Warming, muddy roads, three things...Cao Yin'Rongfu'...﹝It's more than eight hundred miles away from Heishan Village in Ningfu, and it's more in the east..." Jia Rong said to Wu Jinxiao: "You people from the mountains and seas along the coast", Cao Yin's land also "goes not a hundred miles to the sea". When Cao Fuchu took office, he played the legacy of Cao Yin in the Ming Dynasty. There were fields in Tongzhou, Hanshan County in the south of the Yangtze River, and Wuhu.See the report of the house raid later, I am afraid it is not true. After copying the house in the old book, there is another reply in the same reply: "Jia Lian temporarily sold the land for a thousand gold, but used it as an envoy for the prison. With Jia Lian's actions, those house slaves saw that the master was defeated, so they took advantage of this to play tricks and borrowed by name..." A large paragraph is added here in the first edition, which reads "Jia Lian...had to secretly send someone down to the village, and temporarily sold the land for thousands of gold as an envoy in prison. Jia Lian did this, and the slaves saw that the master's family was defeated. I also took advantage of this to play ghosts, and rented Dongzhuang, and borrowed some by name...." "Dongzhuang" obviously refers to the east of Jingdong. It will not be far away in the three eastern provinces, but it is written in Chapter 53. Rongfu Farm is more than 800 miles away from Heishan Village. You can walk to Beijing if you pay food.There are eight or nine Zhuangzi in Ning Mansion and eight in Rong Mansion, which are the main income of the two mansions. The original continuator ignored Chapter 53, and he probably didn't know about the properties of the Cao family. He only said that the land in Rongfu was in the three eastern provinces, presumably to point out that they were Manchus, and at the same time to show their meaning. .The farms of the royal family and the Eight Banners are called Zhuangtun, and there are the most in the northeast. In the thirty-ninth chapter, Jia Mu said that Grandma Liu was a "people from the village". Zhou Ruchang discovered that Qi's original version changed "tun" to "village", and the vulgar version also said "people from the village", obviously he didn't understand this term.Cao Xueqin only used it this time, and Grandma Liu kept saying "our Zhuangzi" and "our village".The 120 chapters manuscript is different from other manuscripts in that it doesn't even have a single "Xiangtun". It is written as "people from the village" and strives to be popular.However, the word "Tun" is frequently used in the sequel.Grandma Liu entered the Rongguo Mansion three times, and kept saying "we are in the village".In the one hundred and nineteenth chapter, Jia Lian saw "several tun carts" parked in front of the door, and they came from the countryside. The 112th time after Jiamu's funeral, Jia Zheng went home and "sit down on the floor in the study." I don't know if it is common, but generally it seems that he is limited to sitting on the floor before the coffin. Baoyu called Sister Qiao Niuniu, and said: "I see how small Niu Niu is..." Is it because "Da Niu Niu" is based on an earlier fat book continuation, that Sister Qiao is the eldest daughter of Sister Feng?See pages 136 and 136 of Zhao Gang's "Supplements to Textual Research on A Dream of Red Mansions".Qiaojie, eldest sister and sister became one person later, so Gao E changed the eldest sister to Qiaojie in the last forty chapters, so that Qiaojie changed from big to small. Chapter 80 Qiaojie suffers from convulsions, the old version is also called Qiaojie, and there are countless "Qiaojies", it is not a clerical error.The 101st episode of Night Cry was twisted by Li Ma, and all the books were written as "big sister", which was the only fish that slipped through the net after repeated revisions.Chapter 101 of the manuscript is not the old version, but the old version must always be the "big sister", otherwise, where did Cheng Ben's "big sister" come from?Being twisted and crying, Sister Feng lost her temper first, and then sighed: "If I die tomorrow, I don't know what to do if I leave this little bastard behind!... You know what to do, just love my child." There is only one The child, and the eldest sister mentioned above is another eldest daughter, Qiaojie.Contradicting itself on a page. The eightieth chapter assumes that the eldest sister was originally suffering from convulsions, and the early Zhiben was not popular. When copying and transcribing, it was changed to Qiaojie according to the later Zhiben.Chapter 101 is not the old version, and of course it is not the same handwriting; there is only one word "big sister", and the whole manuscript has not been changed. Cheng Jia and Cheng Yi have checked twice, but they did not pay attention, and they are still "big sister".The following "Leave this little evil behind" only mentions the second daughter, because she is too young, and I am even more worried, but "you know what is good or bad, just love my child", it must be "only love my two children", and Cheng The word "two" is deleted in this or the original script.It is rarely possible to be inattentive and alert in the same paragraph.It must be that the word "two" did not exist in the first place. The one hundred and thirteenth chapter is the old version. Sister Feng called Qiao Jieer to see Grandma Liu, and said, "Your name is still given by him." Ben, it is written that Sister Feng has two daughters. "Da Niuniu" is just a more polite title, such as "Sister Shi", and there is no "Second Sister Shi". In the continuation of the writing, Qiaojie grows up and shrinks suddenly, there is no excuse.However, the original book combines Sister Feng's two daughters into one. Sister Qiao's age is inherently contradictory, and she grows up too slowly.Later, she needed to be sold in accordance with the prophecy, and her age was about ten years old. (I am according to Zhou Ruchang's chronology, and after eighty chapters, I am according to the last comment of Damou mountain people.) The one hundred and eighteenth blind date, He also added an explanation: "Then Qiaojie is a child after all." When a foreign vassal bought a concubine, the two courtiers looked at Qiaojie, "Looked all over the body, got up again, took Qiaojie's hand and looked again, sat down for a while and left." They only looked at the hands, not Feet, because sister Qiao didn't bind her feet.In the first eighty times, Mother Jia looked at Second Sister You's feet because she had small feet. The two sections about Eryou's little feet have been deleted by Cheng Jia. It is believed that the author of the last forty chapters deleted it, because the original continuation book paid attention to the Manchus, and believed that there would be no little feet in their circles.Chapter 70 Qingwen's red sleeping shoes are also deleted.The front part of the 120th chapter is a fat copy, so it is impossible to conclude that when the last 40th chapter first appeared, the three sentences about the little feet have been deleted. Why can't it be deleted by Cheng Jia?Because A does not advocate emphasizing that the people in the book are Manchus. "Niu Niu" was originally changed to "Sister", which is suspected to be a mistake of "Sister".Originally, the book clearly states that Jinling people are family members, but ordinary readers do not have the impression that they are full of people.Naturally, the stories of the Han people are more popular, and the revision of the first version is very reasonable, and it is also in line with the intention of the original book.In the following, "Da Niu Niu" is changed to "Big Sister" and should be "Big Sister".Jiaben has a strong sense of Taoism, Qiaojie is her boudoir name, and Tangshu can't call her indiscriminately.In the one hundred and eighteenth chapter, Jia Zhengxin referred to Tanchun as Tanjie, that is, Tanjieer.That was my own father, and I didn't change it.Baoyu still called Qiaojie the eldest sister, because girls from the younger generation in the family were commonly called elder sisters. For example, Ximenqing called her daughter eldest sister, or "my family's eldest sister", to distinguish her from other people's eldest sisters. Of course, Niu Niu's change to her sister may only be due to the similarity of the characters, and the typography is wrong, which cannot be cited as evidence of the Sinicization of Jiaben.In the 101st time, Sister Feng also said "Niu Niu", and she did not change her version.But refer to Baoyu's marriage, the ninety-sixth chapter has already said, "according to the rules in the south, sit on the bed and spread the tent like worshiping the church..." The ninety-seventh chapter Feng Jie said: "Although there is obedience, there is no need for drums outside, our southern rules require Those who visit the hall should be deserted. I passed on the women in my family who have studied music and managed opera to play and play, so it will be more lively." The above three books are the same.The old version wrote "send it to the bridal chamber, and sit in the tent, etc., but according to the old practice of this government, there is no need to elaborate." This is to avoid repetition.In the first version, it was changed to "There are also things such as sitting on the bed and spreading the tent, all according to the old rules of Jinling", and added a sentence of origin in Nanjing, which means that it is not a Manchu. The Qianlong Renzi wood movable type version—the original engraved version of B—these two sentences are also the same.The B version that is currently in use has been changed back, and it is written as "sitting in the tent and so on, all in accordance with the old rules of the house..." What Sister Feng said earlier was also changed to "our family's rules, those who have to pay homage to the church", you can make a laugh, who's family Why not worship? An explanation is needed here. The Renzimu movable type book was collected by Hu Tianlie. It was brought to Taiwan in the 37th year of the Republic of China. It was identified by Mr. Hu Shi as Cheng Yi's copy, and hundreds of copies were photocopied.Mr. Hu Shi said in the preface: "In the 16th year of the Republic of China, Shanghai Yadong Library used one of my "Cheng Yiben" as a copy, and published a reprinted version of "Dream of Red Mansions"...but... the original version of "Cheng Yiben", Now it has almost become an isolated copy in the world, and in fact it is impossible for us to see it.'...Mr. Hu Tianlie...there is this "Cheng Yiben's Dream of Red Mansions" that was originally printed with wooden movable type!" I saw a photocopy of the Renzi wood movable type book, and it is not the same as the Jinyi edition, which is the edition collected by Mr. Hu Shi.That is to say, the ten single sentences mentioned in Wang Yuan’s preface of the second edition are different from the first and second editions. The tenth sentence in the wooden movable type edition has not been changed, and it is the same as the first edition; Unmodified, the same as A version, the rest have been changed, the same as today's B; the three examples in the last forty chapters have not been changed, the same as A version. Yu Ru's ninety-fifth chapter "Old Story of Gold and Jade" and the ninety-eighth chapter "Golden and Jade Marriage" are all written as "gold and stone" in the wooden movable type version; ") was changed in half, and the ninety-fifth chapter was changed to "gold and jade", and the ninety-eighth chapter was changed to "gold and stone". ──"Golden Jade Marriage" and "Wood and Stone Marriage" are what "Meng Zhaojiang Yunxuan" yelled in Baoyu's dream.It was originally inappropriate to use the word "Jinshi" here, so it was changed in later editions. In addition, there are different texts, as detailed below.I also found it completely by accident.In his later years, of course, Mr. Hu Shi would not read the Dream of Red Mansions from beginning to end again, but only searched for the characteristics of the second edition, as mentioned in the preface. The Renzi wood movable type book printed by Cuiwen Bookstore is not only the original engraved version, but also the only true second copy rebooked by Gao E in terms of content.The current popular Yiben is called Jinyiben for short. In fact, the year is also earlier, probably not far from Yiben. See below. The attitudes of these books towards the Manchu-Han issue were most clearly expressed when Shi Xiangyun got married.The old version of Jia's mother only said: "Your girl came out of the cabinet, I wanted to come over to have a wedding wine." The Jia version added a long dialogue between these two sentences, asking about my uncle's family background, talent, appearance and temperament, "Jia's mother liked it after hearing this." Said: "We are all from the south. Although we have lived here for a long time, the big rules are still from the south, so we have never seen the new uncle...." "Ben is the same. Jin Yi's book: "Mother Jia liked to say, 'It's good to do this, it's your daughter's good luck. It's just that our family's rules are still southern etiquette, so we haven't seen the new uncle....'" The old version didn't mention the South at all.Book A reminds readers that both the Jia and Shi families were originally from the south, and they still follow the southern etiquette.B is because of it.In this second edition, the southern origin is deleted, and it is only said that the Jia family still follows the southern etiquette, which dilutes the southern atmosphere. Version A and Version B have the same attitude, emphasizing Sinicization, but "Niu Niu" was changed to "Sister", and in Version B, Gao E changed it back, and it was still "Niu Niu".If A and B were not edited by one person, it would be because "Sister" was misrepresented as "Sister", and Baoyu never called Qiao Sister "Sister". "Big sister" has become Yuanchun.But maybe it's just because "Niuniu" Xinyan is gratifying.Version B doesn’t care about consistency. For example, in Wang Peizhang’s 19th talk with Ming , Version B added a sentence, “I’ll be your wife when I tell you tomorrow, okay?” Going against personality, I just wanted to relax one time.Baoyu is most afraid of girls getting married, and he will never be a matchmaker even if he tells a joke. In this second edition, people from the south and Jinling of origin are not mentioned anymore, obviously it is going to be Manhua again.Why? Yang Jizhen collected the manuscripts of Qianlong's 120 chapters during the Daoguang period. In the seventy-second chapter, he inscribed: "The ink marks on the last page of the seventy-second chapter are full. Looking at Mingfu, there is a shadow of a certain word in Manchu. Scrub it with water, and the marks are stained." Wanzai. So we know that this copy comes from the hands of Semu, and it cannot be faked by the southerners.” After the Dream of the Red Chamber became popular, there are many legends, all of which are considered to be the secrets of the wealthy Manchu family.The thicker the manchu breath is, the more real and colorful it appears.So there is a tendency towards fullness. If you believe Gao E's continuation book, he wrote the last forty chapters of the old edition many years ago, and he edited and revised the first and second editions. The three editions represent the three periods of a person, and the viewpoints and interests may be different. Gao E was a bannerman of the Han army.He has a song "Bodhisattva Man", and the sentence "Plum Blossom Engraved Sole Shoes" refers to the soles of small feet, which shows that his sense of beauty is absolutely Chinese.Even if the first continuation of the book advocated emphasizing the Manchu perspective, it seems that it will not be so thorough, and the traces of small feet in the book will be deleted.In fact, Manchu families could also have foot-binding maidservants and concubines.The author of the original sequel probably has a sense of racial superiority and hopes to keep the blood pure. The twenty-fourth chapter writes about mandarin duck costumes, "with a tie collar around the neck".The first version has not been changed, and it is the same as the fat version.Manchu men also wear a stiff collar.In the late Qing Dynasty, there were also Han people who wore a collar on the mandarin jacket, which was slightly like the collar of a priest.There must have been women's clothing in the early Qing Dynasty.Book A is mainly sinicized, but has not been changed, and I don't think I paid attention to it. The second version was changed to "Purple silk and silk around the neck", and two more sentences were added: "Underneath are jade-colored silk socks and red embroidered shoes."Only wear a jacket and a vest, but you must wear a skirt underneath.Standing there motionless, the little feet are at most exposed to the toe of the shoe, and the socks are never seen.Therefore, the socks written in the original work are only for Baoyu.In fact, he is not the only one with big feet, but I don't write about women's natural feet.Of course Gao E wouldn't take care of all this. The question is: if Gao is the continuator, why did Eryou and Qingwen's little feet be deleted, but mandarin duck's little feet were added?The only answer seems to be: Gao E didn't see the little feet of Eryou and Qingwen, and deleted them before he accepted them.He is a man with golden lotus addiction, and the women in the Tongbu script did not mention this item, so he is lonely, so I will add a little embellishment. In the last forty chapters, another girl named Pearl appeared beside Jiamu, the original name of Xiren.The old book already had pearls.After the death of Jia Mu, the parrot—Zicuckoo's original name—should guard the spirit, but the old book lacked that time, so it is impossible to know whether there is a parrot in the old book.A is still a pearl and a parrot.Yiben changed Xiren's original name to Ruizhu. Jiaben didn't find that there were two pearls, so he naturally wouldn't follow suit, so he went to add another parrot.Yiben changed the name of the first pearl to Ruizhu, but of course he will not add another parrot.Brother Parrot has not changed it because he didn't pay attention when he reordered the second edition.So the second parrot is already in the original sequel. Nearby people speculate that the continuation writer knew that Jia Mu did have two daughters, Pearl Parrot, in real life, so he couldn't help writing it in.Then why didn't he change the name of the Pearl Parrot from the first eighty episodes?Obviously he didn't look carefully, he just seemed to remember that there were two girls besides the mandarin duck and amber.There are many examples of him being sloppy. For example, Sister Feng does not call Mrs. Wang his wife, and Aunt Xue is called aunt—following Jia Lian—and both of them are called aunts, without distinguishing between the eldest aunt and the second aunt; Jia Lan calls Aunt Li—Li Wanzhi Aunt──"My old lady"─grandmother; "Sister Shi", "Miss Shi", and "Yun Yatou" as "Sister Shi", "Miss Smith", and "Madam Shi"──Cheng Gao did not change it. But the part added in the eighty-second chapter is "Yun girl"; in the ninety-sixth chapter, Jia Zheng was worried about Baoyu's death, and he was "old and without heirs. Huan; in Chapter 92, Baoyu said that on the first day of November, "It must be an old custom for old ladies every year to hold a cold-elimination meeting..." Has it ever happened?There is no such term at all. The continuation writer is not familiar with Dream of the Red Chamber, but seems to be familiar with the history of Cao Xueqin's family.In the works of Wu Shichang and Zhao Gang, they respectively pointed out that the words "royal family system" were used to write about the concubine Yuan, which clearly refers to the concubine instead of the concubine. Zhao Gang launched the book to copy the house before the Lantern Festival.The first time the monk read the poem to Yinglian: "It's better to prevent the festive Lantern Festival, when the smoke and fire will disappear." Of course, it does not only refer to Yinglian's abduction.Zhen Shiyin concealed the truth, alluding to what happened to the Cao family. Under the sentence "After the Lantern Festival", there is a comment in the Jiaxu edition: "The front and back are the same. If you don't go straight to the front of the cloud but behind the cloud, you are a taboo." Cao Xueqin's father, Cao Fu, resigned from office in December, and ransacked his home in the second year, which must be before the Lantern Festival.Those who continue the book may not necessarily see the Jiaxu Benzhi Review, but "In Chapter 106, on the second day after Jia's family ransacked the house, Shi Hou's family sent two women to greet them and said: "Our master, wife, and daughter sent me to say... Our girl originally wanted to come by herself, because I will leave the cabinet in a few days, so I can't come.'... Jia's mother... said: "...I came out of the pavilion in the middle of the month. I wanted to come over for a wedding..." '...When I got back, Jiu Shao had to come with my uncle to greet the old lady...' In the 108th chapter, I wrote that Xiangyun got married and returned home, and came to Jiamu's side... 'Isn't Sister Bao's birthday the day after tomorrow?I'll stay one more day to wish him a birthday...' ... Baochai's birthday is the twenty-first day of the first lunar month.Pushing upwards from this, isn't the time to raid the house just a few days before the Lantern Festival? " ──Zhao Gang's "Dream of Red Mansions Textual Research Supplements" page 72 In the old version, there was no "Leaving the Pavilion at the end of the month", but only "Your girl leaving the Pavilion".Assuming that the house is searched before the Lantern Festival, the "going out of the house in the month" is at the end of the first month, and when you return home nine days after marriage, it is already February, and the 21st day of the first month has already passed.Since it is not "coming out of the cabinet at the beginning of the month", it is still possible. On the day the house was ransacked, Mother Jia was frightened and became critically ill.Then he wrote, "Mother Jia is in better health these days," took out some personal belongings to Sister Feng, and then brought You's mother-in-law and daughter-in-law over, and assigned to take care of Mrs. Xing You's and so on. "One evening", he burned incense and prayed in the courtyard.It has been several days since the raid.At least three or four days.Count it for three days. After burning the incense, Shi Hou's family sent someone to say that Xiangyun "will leave the court in a few days".At the very least, there are still three days left. Get married in three days, return home nine days after marriage, plus two days is Baochai's birthday, the twenty-first day of the first lunar month.In total, the house raid was at least 17 days away from the 21st day of the first lunar month, which was the fourth day of the new year, so it seemed too early to count before the Lantern Festival.If the intervening days are counted as two extra days, the house raids were done at the end of last year. On the day of Baochai's birthday, Baoyu escaped from the banquet and was accompanied by Xiren to the Grand View Garden to pay his respects.The woman watching the garden said: "The old lady opened the door and waited for the preparation of using the fruit in the garden." There will be no berries in the first month. Write in the garden: "I saw desolation everywhere, those flowers and trees withered, and there were several pavilions, the color of which had been peeled off for a long time, and I saw a clump of green bamboo in the distance, but it was still lush. Baoyu thought about it and said: "I came out of the garden when I was sick. , living in the back, for several months, I was not allowed to come here, it was desolate in an instant, look at those few green bamboos and green onions...'" The desolation is obviously because no one takes care of it, not the scenery in midwinter.Those who continue the book may not know that Baochai's birthday is in the first month.That's not to imply that the house was raided before the Lantern Festival. Concubine Yuan died at the age of forty-three. I remember feeling very abrupt when I first read it.Ordinary readers always think that a concubine Yuan is a young beauty when she sees her relatives, because she has just been registered as a concubine.The age difference between Yuanchun Baoyu's sister and younger brother, the second chapter is in conflict with the eighteenth chapter.光看第十八回，元春进宫时宝玉三四岁。康熙雍正选秀女都是十三岁以上，假定十三岁入宫，比宝玉大九岁。省亲那年他十三岁，她二十二岁，册立为妃正差不多。 写她四十三岁死，已经有人指出她三十八岁才立为妃。册立后“圣眷隆重，身体发福”，中风而死，是续书一贯的“杀风景”，却是任何续红楼梦的人再也编造不出来的，确是像知道曹家这位福晋的岁数。他是否太熟悉曹家的事，写到这里就像冲口而出，照实写下四十三岁？ 第一百十四回写甄宝玉“比这里的哥儿略小一岁”。前八十回内，甄家四个女仆说甄宝玉“今年十三岁”（第五十五回）。那时候刚过年，上年叔嫂逢五鬼，和尚持玉在手，曾说：“青埂下别来十三载矣。”不难推出贾宝玉今年十四岁，所以比甄宝玉大一岁。但是晚清以来诸评家大都把宝玉的年龄估计得太大，这位潦草的续书者倒居然算得这样清楚。 自“青埂下”一语后，不再提宝玉的岁数，而第四十五回黛玉已经十五岁，反而比他大，分明矛盾，所以续作者也始终不提岁数，是他的聪明处。只在第九十回贾母说：“林丫头年纪到底比宝玉小两岁。”那是他没细看原著，漏掉了第三回黛玉的一句话：“这位哥哥比我大一岁”，所以根据第二回黛玉六岁，宝玉“七八岁”，多算了一岁。 宝玉出家后遥拜贾政，旋即失踪，甲本添出贾政向家人们发了段议论，大意是衔玉而生本来不是凡人，“哄了老太太十九年”。这句名句，旧本没有，没提几岁出家。 在年龄方面，原续书相当留神。元妃的岁数大概是他存心要露一手，也就跟他处处强调满人气氛一样，表示他熟悉书中背景。 鸳鸯自缢一场，补出秦氏当初也是上吊死的。直到发现甲戌本脂批，云删去“秦可卿淫丧天香楼”一节，大家只晓得死得蹊跷，独有续作者知道是自缢。当然，他如果知道曹家出过王妃，王妃享年若干，就可以知道他们的家丑。但是我们先把每件事单独看，免得下结论过早。 十二钗册子上画着高楼上一美人悬梁自缢，题诗指宁府罪恶。曲文“好事终”说得更明，首句“画梁春尽落香尘”又点悬梁。再三重复“情”字，而我们知道秦钟是“情种”，书中“情”“秦”谐音。 护花主人评：“词是秦氏，画是鸳鸯，此幅不解其命意之所在。”这许多年来，直到顾颉刚俞平伯才研究出来秦氏是自缢死的。续作者除非知道当时事实，怎么猜得出来？但是他看红楼梦的时候，还没有鸳鸯自缢一事。一看“词是秦氏，”画是自缢，不难推出秦氏自缢。 他写秦氏向鸳鸯解释，她是警幻之妹，主管痴情司，降世是为了“引这些痴情怨女早早归入情司，所以我该悬梁自尽的”。下凡只为上吊，做了吊死鬼，好引诱别人上吊，实在是奇谈。这样牵强，似乎续作者确是曹氏亲族，既要炫示他知道内幕，又要代为遮盖。 秦氏又对鸳鸯说：“你我这个情，正是未发之情……若待发泄出来，这个情就不为真情了。”太平闲人批：“说得鸳鸯心头事隐隐跃跃，将鸳鸯一生透底揭明，殊耐人咀味，不然可卿之性情行事大反于鸳鸯，何竟冒昧以你我二字联络之耶？”是说鸳鸯私恋宝玉，也是假道学。续作者却不是这样的佛洛依德派心理分析家。 光绪年间的金玉缘写秦氏在警幻宫中“原是个钟情的首座，管的是风清月白”。甲本原刻本想必也是这样。后四十回旧本缺鸳鸯殉主一回，同乙本，作“管的是风情月债。”看来旧本一定也是“风情月债”，甲本特别道学，觉得不妥，改写“风清月白”，表示她管的风月是清白的。“风清月白”四字用在这里不大通，所以乙本又照旧本改回来，这种例子很多。 秦氏骂别人误解“情”字，“做出伤风败化之事”，也就是间接的否认扒灰的事。卫道的甲本仍嫌不够清楚，要她自己声明只管清白的风月。 第九十二回冯紫英与贾赦贾政谈，说贾珍告诉他说续娶的媳妇远不及秦氏。秦氏死后多年，贾珍还对人夸奖她，可见并不心虚，扒灰并无其事。赵冈赞美这一段补述贾蓉后妻姓氏，“其技巧不逊于雪芹。我们现在不知道雪芹在他原著后三十回是否就是如此写的。如果这不是出于雪芹自己笔下，则这位续书人也算是十分细心了。” 第五十八回回首，老太妃薨，“贾母邢王尤许婆媳祖孙等皆每日入朝随祭”。尤氏底下的许氏想是贾蓉妻。想必因为许氏在书中不够重要，毫无事故，谁也不会记得她是谁，所以他处仍旧称为“贾蓉之妻”。至甲本“邢王尤许”四字已删。是谁删的？ 续作者将原书看得很马虎──太虚幻境的预言除外，当然要续书不能不下番工夫研究书中预言──总是一不留神，没看见许字，所以后面补叙是胡氏。既没看见，那就是甲本删的。但是看乙本程高序，对后四十回缺少信心，遇有细微的前后矛盾，决不会改前八十回迁就后四十回。而且没有删去这四个字的必要，只要把许字改胡字，或是后文胡字改许字就是──一共只提过这两次。