Chapter 7 5

May 11, 1955 Don't worry, child, you wrote your letters on April 29th and 30th very thoroughly, and your situation is clearly reported.We make no mistake.It was painful not to receive your letter in the past, but once we got your long letter and understood the details, how could we feel any displeasure towards you? "Night train" makes us feel unbearable.You have been abroad for seven or eight months, and the letters you write back are not excessive. Occasionally, I can see some words that are too trusting or skeptical, and I will discount them a little.It is inevitable for an enthusiastic person, especially a young man, to go too far; as long as he is kind-hearted, upright, broad-minded, able to correct his judgment in time, and not stubborn in his own opinion, it is fine.You don't have to blame yourself too much, as long as you write more letters in the future, let us know more about your situation, and give you advice at any time, it will be much more interesting than the "past" that Kong Zigui guilt and regret can't save.

You say that letter writing is regressing, but we all feel that you are making progress.Your analytical skills are much stronger than before, and your attitude is very peaceful.How strict is Dad when he reads words, and how serious he is when he is picky about words, so he won't praise you casually. You come back to the question once, I think it is actually difficult.Even if the embassy is willing to ask the country for instructions, it will take a long time for official documents or telegrams to go back and forth, because the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs have to consider many aspects when deciding on your matter.Delays are inevitable.And when the decision is made, it is very close to the festival. I am afraid they will not let you not participate in the performance at the festival. Besides, even if you are allowed to come back, you will not be able to go home until the end of June or the beginning of July at the earliest.At that time, the delegation is about to leave, and you will be urged to go on the road again.

Practically speaking, if you go back to China to explain the situation, there is no need for it, because I have fully understood it, and I can explain it to the Ministry of Culture if necessary.If you leave Poland for a while in order to break up with Mr. Jie, it will not work.Since you still have to return to study, it will be a matter of time to change teachers, and sooner or later you have to find a plausible reason to explain to Teacher Jie; in other words, if you go back to China, you still need to have a sufficient excuse to leave Teacher Jie .If this excuse is thought of now, it is the same for not returning to the country.

As far as our relationship is concerned, you must understand that our desire to see you is no less than your desire to see us; especially I can't wait to talk with you for days and nights.But we can't just care about our feelings, we can't help but suppress our personal wishes, and plan for your bigger problems. It is indeed not very suitable to transfer to Suzhou to study a little bit at present.The government must first consider diplomatic relations. You were invited by the Polish government to study. After my government officially accepted it, you were transferred to another country within a year. I really have a bad impression of the Polish government.Do you think it is still not reliable to learn technic[skills] from Stonegar?

What I mean is that if the technic [skill] basically has a method [method] and has been completely changed, it means that it is already on the right track, and the future technic [skill] will depend on one's own long-term efforts.I think that after three or four years of hard work, your technic [skill] is not necessarily worse than the general level of the Soviet Union (not to mention the most outstanding).That is to say, H. ① and Smangianka [Smangianka], you also said that the former has good skills, and we have personally experienced the latter, and it is indeed good.Like Askenas[Ahikennazi]—this kind of people are born with special talents in technic [skills], and they cannot be regarded as general standards.So your crux is to have a good method first. Once you have a method, rely on your intelligence and hard work in the future, so you don’t have to worry about falling behind in this area, even if you can’t hope to be as brilliant as Horowitz [Horowitz]②.Because with your personality and strengths, you are not a type of virtuoso [performer known for his superb skills].

① That is HarasiewiCZ (Harasiewiz). ② Horowitz was born in Kyiv, Russia in 1904, and became an American citizen in 1944.World famous pianist. To sum up, you really have to completely change iechnic [technique] immediately, but you don't have to go to the Soviet Union.In the future, it will be for music, and it will be necessary to stay in Su for a period of time.Furthermore, there are personnel problems everywhere. No matter which country or which famous professor, you will feel the need to change at a certain time, and there must be many personnel and emotional difficulties in the season of replacement.

Assuming that it is absolutely certain that Mr. Jie will transfer to Warsaw next semester, then it will be easy for you to change the teacher. I can write to him and say, "I mean, you stay in Krakow, where the environment is quieter. In Warsaw, because the Chinese delegation has a lot of contacts and other entertainments, it is not suitable for study, so I can't transfer to you. Huasha, I feel very sorry, but Satoshi and I are very grateful for your painstaking guidance in the past." etc. (At present, I will listen to you and never write to him. Don’t worry.) Assuming that Mr. Jie’s transfer to Warsaw may not be very certain, then first we need to know the relationship between Mr. Jie and sztomka.If they are not opposed to each other like Levy [Levy] ② and Long [Lang] ③, then can you be very frank and sincere, and explain it directly to Mr. Jie, the general idea is as follows:

"I will never forget your help to me in the past. I especially admire your understanding of classical and modern works. Originally, I really wanted to learn more from you in this area, but after a long period of time and repeated After introspection, I feel that the most urgent thing at present is to completely change my technic [skills], and my hands have never been relaxed; and I deeply understand that it is difficult to make real progress in the future without changing the method; and my The age has reached a critic1 age [critical juncture] in music skills, and it will be too late if the foundation is not laid, so I want to temporarily solve the problem with Mr. Stonega.

I hope the teacher understands that I am by no means ungrateful; I really thank you very sincerely, and I will come back to you for guidance in the future. "I think as long as a person is sincere, he can always move people: Even if people don't understand it for a while, they will still understand it in the future.What do you think of my proposal? Because in my life, I always confess first, second, and third.Going around in circles and evasively dodging will easily make people suspicious; it is better to be open and above board if you play tricks. To be honest, as long as your attitude is sincere, humble and respectful, no matter what, people will not do anything to you.My experience is that when dealing with a manipulative person, he always deals with his true face, and he will not use tricks to deal with you, but instead values ​​you.

Don't be afraid, don't be shy, don't be embarrassed; but you must speak sincerely and honestly.Since this is the key to your life, you have to have the courage to face the facts and deal with them with the most open and aboveboard attitude, without those unnecessary worries and not telling the truth!That is, when actually doing it, we must pay attention to the wording and steps.As long as your feelings are genuine, others will definitely feel them and not misunderstand them.Of course, you should express to Mr. Jie that you really miss him very much, and you have the regret of "you can't have both".

Even if Mr. Jie will be reassigned in the next issue, it is best that you explain it to him now; because at least one month in June you can still learn technic [skills] with Stonega, one month, there is a big difference in you! For the above, I hope you will think about it quietly and think about it a few times. In addition, you can also ask Mrs. Ewa [Ewa]① for advice. You can talk to her about your real difficulties, ask her for advice, and ask her the method you explained to Teacher Jie directly. Finally, if after careful consideration, you feel that you cannot solve the problem unless you transfer to the Soviet Union to study, then as long as our government agrees (as long as the government thinks it will have no impact on the diplomatic relations between China and Poland), I have no objection. As you consider these many details, you must be calm, calm in spirit, neither irritable nor anxious.If you have a problem, you have to find a way to solve it. Don't be afraid to use your brain.Every time I have written to you, I have always been very calm and objective.Only by being calm and objective can we finally come up with the best solution. ① Sidonga, Polish piano professor. ② Levy, namely Ernst? Levy (ErnstLevy, 1895-1981), Swiss composer, pianist and writer. ③ Long, that is, Marguerite Long (Marguerite Long, 1874-1966), a French pianist. ① Ewa, a responsible official of the Polish Ministry of Culture. It is true that you must be polite and generous to foreign friends, but you must have talent.Like Mrs. Sibb and her like, they are everywhere, you have to beware.The characters in Balzac's novels are not fictional.People's psychology is: gifts that are rarely received are valued, and those that are often received are not only not valued, but are regarded as entitlements. Instead of being grateful, they are prone to resentment. "!" Let’s talk about the technical issues of two pieces of art: Ende learned from Mr. Li again. Mr. Li pointed out that not only did she have too many body movements, but also too many hand movements. In addition to wasting energy, it also affected her technic [skill] and speed [speed], and tone [sound quality]. depth.I remember that Uncle Qiu also has this problem, his hands are always writhing.Let me mention to you by the way that you might as well check yourself.I've talked to you many times about body swaying, but you haven't responded, so please let me know next time you write. Secondly, one night I asked Ender to play an Intermezzo [Intermezzo] by Brahms [Brahms] ①, and the tempo [rhythm] was too slow at the beginning, and she insisted on not slowing down while humming.Later I asked her to stop humming and just play the music. She played two lines, smiled immediately, and sped up the tempo [rhythm]. This proves that humming has a big disadvantage, which is easy to make the tempo [rhythm] inaccurate.Humming is a very casual behavior, fast or slow, it sounds very flavorful; when the player hums and plays, he often only hears the tune he hums, and feels very natural and comfortable, and does not pay attention to what is coming out. music.I'm specifically reporting you this little incident because you like humming so much.What I mean is, you might as well hum more when reading the score, and try to hum as little as possible when playing, especially later, when a piece is quite familiar, it is only suitable to "sing silently" and hum it secretly in your head. In addition, I also made the following comments to Ender: It is not advisable to play all the pieces you play by yourself, but to stop and think about the picture [artistic concept, realm] of the piece, and ask yourself what kind of state you want. This is to make you understand what you want [what you want is What], and first deliberate on Qu Yu's structure, composition, ups and downs, climax, low tide, etc. in his mind.Play as much as you can without thinking about it, almost improvise [impromptu performance], where you play it counts. Often, after practicing a piece for two or three weeks, I still can't tell which interpretation method I am most satisfied with, or have a time when I am most satisfied with it. Satisfactory interpretation [playing method], but never get it back (this is a common problem with Ender).If you follow my method, it will definitely help your feelings to be more clear and stable! Secondly, after taking a class with Mr., it is not advisable to come back and play on the piano as Mr. changed. Instead, you should read the score carefully from the beginning to the end, experience the changes from the whole piece, and get a new picture [ Realm], try playing on the piano again, play it two or three times, stop and think about it and read the score again, and get a clear picture of the expression of the tune after the teacher corrected it.Then compare your original picture [realm] with the picture [realm] after the teacher changed it in your mind, and then play the two different realms on the piano, listen carefully, and distinguish carefully, which one is better? Even better, it is still partly accepted by the teacher, or fully accepted, or not completely accepted.If you don’t do this, it’s easy to “see the smallness but not the bigness”. If the teacher’s word-by-word revision is illuminated, the whole text may be incoherent, lose the context, and make it fragmented. Unlike a teacher who messes up a piece of music. I once asked Mr. Li what he thought of the above two points. She thought they were very professional opinions. What do you think? ① Brahms (1833-1897), German composer. In your twenty-ninth letter, you said that Michelangeli's playing, at least in terms of "being like a rock [rock]", made me very yearn for it.This is what I expect of you--one of the dearest!Only if you have fanatical feelings and endless changes, I hope you will be like a rocK[石石], like a commander in command of the three armies.There is no need for a teacher to tell you about this, you just need to pay attention to it yourself, especially in terms of psychology and spirit, cultivate a lot, and achieve the level of being able to enter and exit.You have already been "able to enter", now what you need to work hard on is "able to get out"!Then I guarantee that you have a good grasp of the style and spirit of classical and modern works. When you write to criticize other people's Chopin, you often say that they are cold.Therefore, I was reminded of my previous thoughts: Since Romanticism reached its climax in all aspects of literature and art in Europe in the nineteenth century, there was first a reaction of realism and naturalism (referring only to literature and plastic arts), and then in the twenties Around the turn of the century came a general anti-romantic tide of thought.This trend of thought has two manifestations: one is very sensual, represented by R. Strauss [Richard Strauss] in music, and Matisse in painting; the other is very intellectual1 [Sense], many composers in modern times are like this.Picasso [Picasso] on painting can also be classified into this category.Modern and modern people go against the trend of thought in the 19th century, go to another extreme, and go from too much emotion to too much mind [reason].Performers are no exception.Chopin is half-classical and half-romantic, so modern youths can't play it well.On the contrary, we Chinese do not have the Romantic Dik frenzy like Europe in the last century, and our nationality is quite olympic [Olympic] (the highest ideal of Greek art) spirit, and at the same time has a not too excessive romantic Dik spirit. Like the poets of the Han and Wei dynasties, like Li Bai, like Du Fu (Empress Li is considered to be the most romantic [romantic] one, but compared with Westerners, he is still very reserved and pays attention to taste [taste, appreciation]), so we are born It has the very superior conditions to express Chopard. What do you think of my analysis? On the other hand, sometimes we are separated from the real classics in Europe.The real classics are about being graceful and luxurious, about being graceful [graceful], e1egaiit [elegant], and moderate [moderate]. But we also know discrec very well; [implicative], we also talk about the doctrine of the golden mean. Generally, young people are not close to traditions, so they may not be able to grasp these things. Logically, it is not difficult for you to understand them deeply.One thing you may not have paid much attention to is that European classics still have a bit of a court atmosphere, the Louis XIV style court atmosphere. For modern works, it is difficult for us to immerse ourselves in mechanical civilization like Europeans, perhaps it is not easy to appreciate the steel-like beauty of pure machinery, that kind of "cold light" brightnes [light], that is pure reason, pure mind[ Intellectual] stuff. A quiet environment is what matters most to your spirit.Do things scientifically and thoroughly!I can't wait to be by your side, help you solve and arrange all material life, let you study with peace of mind, save your energy and time, enable you to get twice the result with half the effort, learn more things, and spend more time on art deliberation and thinking. If an artist can deal with daily life scientifically, his contribution to others must be greater! The letter of May 2 made me very sad.Good boy, don’t worry, I will never blame you. If you say you are not worthy to be my son, then I am even less worthy to be your father. As long as I can help you a little, I will get the greatest reward.I really want to use all my knowledge, experience, and painstaking efforts to feed you as much as possible. As long as you read each of my letters several times, think about it a few times, absorb it as hard as you can, and practice it by yourself, I will be very happy. It's indescribable. ① Michael Angeli (1920― ), an Italian pianist. ① Richard Strauss (1864-1949), German composer and conductor. ② Matisse (Henri Matisse, 1869-1954), leader of the French Fauvism painting movement, oil painter, sculptor and printmaker. ③ Picasso (1881-1973), Spanish painter and artist. I thought about Mr. Jie's question carefully, and thought that no matter what, it's better for you to talk to him yourself. He is so old and has so much experience in life, he will definitely forgive you, but it is unpleasant to go around in circles and say nothing.Westerners generally like to be straightforward.But you must really express your gratitude to him, and declare that you will go back and learn from him in the future. Please write to discuss this matter at any time. If you can solve it one day earlier, your skills can be completely reformed one day earlier. Have you ever thought about the conflict between improving technique and practicing music at the same time?How to solve?I'm afraid I'll have to ask Mr. Sziomka for advice as well, and I'll make preparations first. June(?) Day, 1955 You are also right about Teacher Jie now. "Being a human being" is another issue that has nothing to do with teaching. You can't be too hard on anyone.You can continue to take classes with Mr. Jie, I am in favor, don't be hunchbacked, don't get caught.It is better to have a learned teacher point out than to find out by yourself, even if he has some opinions that differ from yours.But you are still young, and your exposure to musical literature is really limited, and your knowledge of music theory and composition is almost zero, so you need to be more modest and listen to older ones, especially a scholarship [academic achievement, knowledge] Self-cultivation] high opinion of the people. One thing, you have to keep in mind all the time: Nine-tenths of your understanding of music is based on your aesthetic intuition; although relying on your talent and national tradition, this intuition is mostly accurate, but after all it is Western music. In addition to intuition, knowledge of theory, logic, and historical development is still needed to enrich things; even your intuition needs to be confirmed by those knowledge, so that you can rest assured.Therefore, even if you feel that the statement is incompatible in terms of taste, you have to take a reserved attitude, think about it carefully, and judge it for a while before making a judgment.This is true not only for music, but also for all studies.The so-called calmness, objectivity, and modesty refer to this practical attitude. The letter said that learning mainly depends on mind [brain], ear [listening], and sensitivity, and the teacher's help is limited.This is because of your strong comprehension. Generally, more than sixty-seven percent of piano players rely on teachers.You must have seen this clearly among your Polish classmates.But a talented person also has another crisis, that is, it is easy to be arrogant and self-righteous.Therefore, the higher the talent, the more we must guard against it, enrich it with solid [solid] knowledge, and constantly check ourselves with a calm and objective critical spirit.Only by truly achieving this step and continuing to do it for life can one become a real artist. When it comes to art, and when it comes to learning, I won't finish my words, I'm afraid I'll write too much, and you won't have time to scratch it all at once. The letter mentioned the expression of Chopin's Berceuse [Lullaby], which is very interesting.It is most welcome to write more materials of this type in the future. I also want to say a few words about study, which is what I always told Ende: "Be patient, don't rush. The calmer you are, the more you will achieve. Always admit that you are a fool, and don't be afraid of doing stupid tricks. Then Don’t expect too much, and you will panic if you don’t make progress.” For you, the first priority is to arrange time and spare more unnecessary “consumption time”. I believe that if you can feel like you are at home in Poland, Pepsi does not bother you: every day There are seven or eight hours on the piano, your progress must be faster! In the Mozart papers I translated, the wording is not appropriate in some places, please don't "use words to harm the meaning". Especially when it comes to "sensuality", it should actually be understood in this way: "that which delights the senses." The original text is equal to the English word sensual (sensory). You can read more about "On Practice" and "On Contradiction" in "Selected Works of Mao Zedong", which are the foundation of all theories.Part of the book sent to you this time is pure theory, which can help you gain a deep understanding of Marxism-Leninism and dialectics.In order to strengthen your rationality and analytical ability, and help you calm your mind, it is an excellent way to thoroughly understand Marxism-Leninism and dialectics.I was originally full of scientific spirit, and I found it easy to understand and interested in reading this kind of books, because in fact, my style of life has always been like this.You are emotional, weak in reason, and especially weak in will, and you urgently need to work more on this aspect.Otherwise, when you return to China in the future, you will be extremely unable to keep up with everything. The night of December 11, 1955 The housing and piano issues have been resolved satisfactorily, so I should settle down to work.If you still feel uneasy, there must be another reason. Simply spend half a day to check carefully. What is the root cause?Only after finding out clearly can we prescribe the right medicine and clarify our thoughts.Always staring at yourself, not facing up to the reality, not facing up to the root of your illness, but dragging your feet along the muddy water, and getting stuck in the rain or shine, will only do you more spiritual harm.It's time to take up the courage and make a thorough liquidation. After clarifying your thoughts and calming down your mind, it's time to carefully consider your study plan and combine formal study with the filming of Mingchun and Yugoslav performances.Ask your teacher for advice beforehand, and don't make a hasty decision.Don't change easily after making a decision.At the same time, please feel free to send me a letter to inform you of the situation in this regard.The previous letter (No. 51) asked you to talk about techniques and fingering techniques, which will be very helpful for your future study: don’t we often need to come to a “summary” of our work (the same is true for thinking)?If you talk about techniques to us, it is equivalent to making a summary yourself.Don't be lazy and procrastinate!I am waiting, and at the same time, don’t write it all at once. There will be omissions in one write.You must listen to me and do it this way. This is also a very important principle of general working methods. ??I have never believed in people's words. When I tell you something, there must be a considerable basis, but you still don't pay much attention to it, and understate it.Such ignorance of vigilance will be dangerous to you in the future!When a person hinders others, it is not necessarily because of a bad nature, but often because he is not clear-headed and does not know the importance of interests.So when you don't recognize a person clearly in these aspects, don't reveal your confidant casually.One is too little consideration of the person you are talking to, and the other is too little consideration of the other person involved in the matter. (There is more than one!) Letters mentioning this kind of thing are always very vague.After you went abroad last summer, I wrote to you about another matter, asking you to review it, but you declined it because of your bad mood.In fact, this kind of style, this kind of escape from reality is the behavior of cowards, and it is by no means what the youth of New China should have.If you want to get rid of the little bourgeois roots, you have to start from these places!Don't be afraid of my reproach! (This is also the cowardice of the little bourgeoisie.) Don't be afraid to upset me, dad is not worried about his son, who is he worried about?If the father does not help the child, who will help the child? The son is depressed and does not ask his father for help, who to ask for help? Your concern is also a kind of short-sighted sentimentalism, it's bad!Whether it is cowardice or sentimentalism, it is anti-science and anti-Marxism-Leninism.Why can't a person be anti-science and anti-Marxism-Leninism? Because if you want to live well and make contributions to society, you need to consistently use scientific methods and Marxist-Leninist methods to analyze big and small things, from daily life and relationship problems to study, work, and national affairs. to deal with.The reason why criticism and self-criticism can become a powerful weapon is that it can cultivate a calm scientific mind, treat oneself, others, and things equally, and make impartial reviews.What criticism and self-criticism need most is courage. As long as there is even the slightest bit of cowardice, criticism and self-criticism can never be done thoroughly.I am not saying that with self-criticism (that is, digging one's own roots), one can be free from troubles.No, troubles are inevitable forever, just like conflicts can never be eliminated.But just because the current contradictions have been eliminated, there will still be new contradictions in the future, so the immediate contradictions cannot be eliminated.Dig the roots, at least you can eliminate the troubles in front of you.When new afflictions come in the future, we will eliminate the new afflictions.Digging the root once can at least reduce the severity of the affliction and reduce the possibility of it harming the body and mind; if not digging the root, there will always be some ideological, conscious, and emotional dross accumulated in the heart, and over time, it will become a heavy burden. Factors that make you unsound, calm-headed, and open-minded, and create more new troubles.This is not only consistent with the theory of Marxism-Leninism, it is also consistent with the research results of modern psychoanalysis and psychiatric treatment. As for the emotional disputes in the past, the reason why they bother you all the time is because you didn't dig out the roots carefully.I believe you are not a love supremacist, but a truth supremacist; then you should use this standpoint to analyze your object (whether it is first love or later), you and her (no matter who) Are they the same, or at least not far from each other, in terms of attachment to truth?Dissect things clearly from this perspective, and many troubles will naturally be solved.You should also think that enthusiasm is a beautiful spark, and beauty is beauty, but it cannot last forever.It is folly to hope that the passion will last forever; without regard to temperament, character, character, thoughts, etc., but only clinging to a wonderful dream in the past, hoping that this dream will become a reality in the future, then I warn you that you may encounter tragedy of!In the world, there are very few passionate lovers who can become a happy couple who grow old together; legendary stories, such as Dante and Pei Atrix, have become epic romances through the ages, because They are not bonded; Dante only meets (seemingly only one) Peatrix a few times.Goethe's wife, Christine, was a very vulgar woman, but Goethe's artistic achievements were made possible by the peaceful and quiet life of the couple.The past romance, let it become a beautiful memory for us, as a lifelong dream, I think it is the most wise way.Always suffering from self-sufficiency can only consume one's own energy, and it is of no benefit to anyone. Son, write to me anytime in the future and tell me about your distress. I believe I can comfort you with some experience.If the pain of the father cannot reduce some dangers for the children, then the pain of the father is also in vain.But I hope you write down the cause of your depression in more detail (that is, you need to analyze it thoroughly yourself first), lest I make empty comments, which are irrelevant and not helpful to you.Well, goodbye, write more letters, writing to analyze yourself is a kind of venting, and it is a venting that is beneficial to mental health.Dad still has enough courage to bear your distress, believe me!You also have enough strength to get rid of troubles and enough courage to face up to your past, and I believe in you too! Morning of December 21, 1955 Dear child: This summer, I stopped working due to poor health, and read a lot of theoretical books by the way; this time I bought a lot of theoretical books for you, and I have read three booklets in succession in the past few days: About Some basic knowledge of dialectical materialism, criticism and self-criticism are the driving force for the development of Soviet society, and the basic economic laws of socialism.I have a lot of feelings, and I am ready to talk with you casually. The first and most important impression is: theory and practice are absolutely inseparable.Learning must be combined with real life; Marxism-Leninism is not an abstract philosophy, but a very realistic and concrete philosophy; it is not only the guiding theory of social revolution, but also the basis of philosophy of life.Although the society in the past six years since liberation has made great progress, there are still many shortcomings, especially in the handling of cadres at all levels.I often have the impression that ordinary people's political studies are purely for the sake of learning, not for living, or for dealing with actual struggles.So when it comes to theory, you can talk about materialism, dialectics, criticism and self-criticism, etc., and you can make a big deal out of it; As soon as we encounter practical matters, as soon as we sit down at a desk, or in a factory or in a village, we completely forget all theories.The same is true in schools; according to people who study in universities, their political discussions are very lively, and some students ask excellent questions and draw very incisive conclusions; but they deal with classmates, teachers, and schools. The leaders of the Communist Party of China are still full of worries, one is sophisticated and the other is selfish.I think this kind of learning attitude is fundamentally anti-Marxism-Leninism; why do you treat the most practical science-materialist dialectics as a pretense and mantra?Why can't I apply the rhetorical rhetoric to myself and implement it in my behavior and style? Therefore, my second impression and many of the following thoughts are to combine the theory of Marxism-Leninism with personal cultivation.First of all, the Marxist world outlook should give us great enthusiasm and optimism.For example: "Consciousness is determined by existence, but it does not mean that consciousness becomes dispensable. On the contrary, certain ideology will play a great role in the development of objective things." In other words, "subjective active role".This is the word that encourages us to have confidence in everything, which is the meaning of the Chinese saying "man will conquer nature".Since the objective laws of nature and the laws of social development may be affected by human consciousness, why should we be discouraged and discouraged?Isn't everything "man-made"?When a person finds that he has shortcomings, after analysis, it can be attributed to the genetic roots, the bad influence left over from the old society, the bourgeois consciousness hidden in the heart, class instinct, etc.; but we can let ourselves go on like this Well, if so, this person is either a mechanical materialist, or a self-deprecating worthless thing. The third impression also belongs to enhancing people's enthusiasm.The development of all things, including natural phenomena, is due to inner contradictions, due to the struggle of the old and rotten with the new and healthy.This theory can help us get rid of many unnecessary troubles, especially the troubles of nostalgia for the past and regret for past mistakes.Tao Yuanming once said: "I feel that today is true but yesterday was not." There is also an old saying, "Everything in the past is like dying yesterday, and everything in the present is like being born today." For personal affairs and emotional fluctuations, they are similar. Lessons.Since everything is changing, and the same is stagnation, and stagnation is death, why do you always miss the past, hurt yourself, and poison the good time in front of you?If you realize that the world is constantly changing, you should realize that life is also constantly changing, and you should understand that life should be looking forward, not backward.In this way, isn't your heart cleared? Isn't the mind clear?Isn't the attitude positive? The fourth impression is that pure optimism is harmful, and blindly looking forward is also dangerous.The ancients said, "Know the future by learning from the past", which is to teach us to examine the past in order to live a better life in the future.Otherwise, why do you have to make a summary, make a summary, check on the left and check on the right?If there is no need to review the past, and the mistakes of the past can be avoided from now on, then what is the point of the principle "our rational knowledge is tested and developed through practice"?To verify and examine the theory in practice, and then bring the practice to rational understanding to review the theory, isn't this the need to analyze the past? In my previous two letters, I mentioned that a person should dissect past mistakes calmly and objectively, and summarize several principles. This is the truth. The fifth impression is the principle of "teaming perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge", which you have experienced in music learning in recent years.From 1951 to 1953, when you explored by yourself, your understanding of music was mostly perceptual. It wasn't until later, under the guidance of Teacher Jie, that you stepped into the stage of rational understanding.The reason for your hesitation and lack of self-confidence before you went to Romania is that you already felt that it was not comprehensive and deep enough to understand the music only by perceptual knowledge; How can we achieve rational understanding, so you are depressed.You may wish to recall, does my analysis conform to the facts?The so-called rational knowledge is "through the human mind, using the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc., to study the observed (I will add another sentence: felt) phenomena, and put aside the false phenomena of things. And various other Non-essential phenomena, extract the essence of things, find out the ins and outs of things, that is, the law of the development of things." If these few sentences can be used everywhere, they will not only be of great help to academic research, but also to life and life. do.Because that's the scientific method.And I have always advocated that not only learning, but also art must have scientific methods, and being a human being requires scientific methods.因为这缘故，我更主张把科学的辩证唯物论应用到实际生活上来。毛主席在《实践论》中说：“我们的实践证明：感觉到了的东西，我们不能立刻理解它，只有理解了的东西才能更深刻地感觉它。”你是弄音乐的人，当然更能深切的体会这话。 第六个感想，是辩证唯物论中有许多原则，你特别容易和实际结合起来体会；因为这凡年你在音乐方面很用脑子，而在任何学科方面多用头脑思索的人，都特别容易把辩证唯物论的原则与实际联系。比如“事物的相互联系与相互制限”，“原因和结果有时也会相互转化，相互发生作用”，不论拿来观察你的人事关系，还是考察你的业务学习，分析你的感情问题还是检讨你的起居生活，随时随地都会得到鲜明生动的实证。我尤其想到“从量变到质变”一点，与你的音乐技术与领悟的关系非常适合。你老是抱怨技巧不够，不能表达你心中所感到的音乐；但你一朝获得你眼前所追求的技巧之后，你的音乐理解一定又会跟着起变化，从而要求更新更高的技术。说得浅近些，比如你练萧邦的练习曲或诙谑曲中某些快速的段落，常嫌速度不够。但等到你速度够了，你的音乐表现也决不是像你现在所追求的那一种了。假如我这个猜测不错，那就说明了量变可以促成质变的道理。 以上所说，在某些人看来，也许是把马克思主义庸俗化了；我却认为不是庸俗化，而是把它真正结合到现实生活中去。一个人年轻的时候，当学生的时候，倘若不把马克思主义“身体力行”，在大大小小的事情上实地运用，那末一朝到社会上去，遇到无论怎么微小的事，也运用不了一分一毫的马克思主义。所谓辩证法，所谓准确的世界观，必须到处用得烂熟，成为思想的习惯，才可以说是真正受到马克思主义的锻炼。否则我是我，主义是主义，方法是方法，始终合不到一处，学习一辈子也没用。从这个角度上看，马列主义绝对不枯索，而是非常生动、活泼、有趣的，并且能时时刻刻帮助我们解决或大或小的问题的，――从身边琐事到做学问，从日常生活到分析国家大事，没有一处地方用不到。至于批评与自我批评，我前二信已说得很多，不再多谈。只要你记住两点：必须有不怕看自己丑脸的勇气，同时又要有冷静的科学家头脑，与实验室工作的态度。唯有用这两种心情，才不至于被虚伪的自尊心所蒙蔽而变成懦怯，也不至于为了以往的错误而过分灰心，消灭了痛改前非的勇气，更不至于茫然于过去错误的原因而将来重蹈覆辙。子路“闻过则喜”，曾子的“吾日三省吾身”，都是自我批评与接受批评的最好的格言。 从有关五年计划的各种文件上，我特别替你指出下面几个全国上下共同努力的目标：――增加生产，厉行节约，反对分散使用资金，坚决贯彻重点建设的方针。 你在国外求学，“厉行节约”四字也应该竭力做到。我们的家用，从上月起开始每周做决算，拿来与预算核对，看看有否超过？若有，要研究原因，下周内就得设法防止。希望你也努力，因为你音乐会收入多，花钱更容易不加思索，满不在乎。至于后面两条，我建议为了你，改成这样的口号：反对分散使用精力，坚决贯彻重点学习的方针。今夏你来信说，暂时不学理论课程，专攻钢琴，以免分散精力，这是很对的。但我更希望你把这个原则再推进一步，再扩大，在生活细节方面都应用到。而在乐曲方面，尤其要时时注意。首先要集中几个作家。作家的选择事先可郑重考虑；决定以后切勿随便更改，切勿看见新的东西而手痒心痒――至多只宜作辅助性质的附带研究，而不能喧宾夺主。其次是练习的时候要安排恰当，务以最小限度的精力与时间，获得最大限度的成绩为原则。和避免分散精力连带的就是重点学习。选择作家就是重点学习的第一个步骤；第二个步骤是在选定的作家中再挑出几个最有特色的乐曲。譬如巴哈，你一定要选出几个典型的作品，代表他键盘乐曲的各个不同的面目的。这样，你以后对于每一类的曲子，可以举一反三，自动的找出路子来了。这些道理，你都和我一样的明白。我所以不惮烦琐的和你一再提及，因为我觉得你许多事都是知道了不做。学习计划，你从来没和我细谈，虽然我有好几封信问你。从现在起到明年（一九五六）暑假，你究竟决定了哪些作家，哪些作品？哪些作品作为主要的学习，哪些作为次要与辅助性质的？理由何在？这种种，无论如何希望你来信详细讨论。我屡次告诉你：多写信多讨论问题，就是多些整理思想的机会，许多感性认识可以变做理性认识。这样重要的训练，你是不能漠视的。只消你看我的信就可知道。至于你忙，我也知道；但我每个月平均写三封长信，每封平均有三千字，而你只有一封，只及我的三分之一：莫非你忙的程度，比我超过200/100 吗）问题还在于你的心情：心情不稳定，就懒得动笔。所以我这几封信，接连的和你谈思想问题，急于要使你感情平下来。做爸爸的不要求你什么，只要求你多写信，多写有内容有思想实质的信；为了你对爸爸的爱，难道办不到吗？ 我也再三告诉过你，你一边写信整理思想，一边就会发见自己有很多新观念； 无论对人生，对音乐，对钢琴技巧，一定随时有新的启发，可以帮助你今后的学习。这样一举数得的事，怎么没勇气干呢？尤其你这人是缺少计划性的，多写信等于多检查自己，可以纠正你的缺点。当然，要做到“不分散精力”，“重点学习”，“多写信，多发表感想，多报告计划”，最基本的是要能抓紧时间。你该记得我的生活习惯吧？早上一起来，洗脸，吃点心，穿衣服，没一件事不是用最快的速度赶着做的；而平日工作的时间，尽量不接见客人，不出门；万一有了杂务打岔，就在晚上或星期日休息时间补足错失的工作。 这些都值得你模仿。要不然，怎么能抓紧时间呢，怎么能不浪费光阴呢？如今你住的地方幽静，和克拉可夫音乐院宿舍相比，有天渊之别；你更不能辜负这个清静的环境。每天的工作与休息时间都要安排妥当，避免一切突击性的工作。你在国外，究竟不比国内常常有政治性的任务。临时性质的演奏也不会太多，而且宜尽量推辞。正式的音乐会，应该在一个月以前决定，自己早些安排练节目的日程，切勿在期前三四天内日夜不停的“赶任务”，赶出来的东西总是不够稳，不够成熟的；并且还要妨碍正规学习；事后又要筋疲力尽，仿佛人要瘫下来似的。 我说了那么多，又是你心里都有数的话，真怕你听腻了，但也真怕你不肯下决心实行。孩子，告诉我，你已经开始在这方面努力了，那我们就安慰了，高兴了。 假如心烦而坐不下来写信，可不可以想到为安慰爸爸妈妈起见而勉强写？开头是为了我们而勉强写，但写到三、囚页以上，我相信你的心情就会静下来，而变得很自然很高兴的，自动的想写下去了。我告诉你这个方法，不但可逼你多写信，同时也可以消除一时的烦闷。人总得常常强迫自己，不强迫就解决不了问题。 一九五五年十二月二十七日午 协奏曲钢琴部分录音并不如你所说，连轻响都听不清；乐队部分很不好，好似蒙了一层，音不真，不清。钢琴1oud passage〔强声片段〕也不够分明。 据懂技术的周朝帧先生说：这是录音关系，正式片也无法改进的了。 以音乐而论，我觉得你的协奏曲非常含蓄，绝无罗宾斯丹那种感伤情调，你的情感都是内在的。第一乐章的技巧不尽完整，结尾部分似乎很显明的有些毛病。第二乐章细腻之极，touch〔触键〕是delicate〔精致〕之极。最后一章非常brilliant〔辉煌，出色〕。摇篮曲比给奖音乐会上的好得多， noOd〔情绪〕 也不同，更安静。幻想曲全部改变了：开头的引子，好极，沉着，庄严，贝多芬气息很重。中间那段slow〔缓慢〕的singing pari〔如歌片段〕，以前你弹得很tragic〔悲沧〕的，很sad〔伤感〕的，现在是一种惆怅的情调。整个曲子像一座巍峨的建筑，给人以厚重、扎实、条理分明、波涛汹涌而意志很热的感觉。 李先生说你的协奏曲，左手把rhythm〔节奏〕控制得稳极，rubato〔音的长短顿挫〕很多，但不是书上的，也不是人家教的，全是你心中流出来的。她说从国外回来的人常说现在弹萧邦都没有rubato〔音的长短顿挫〕了，她觉得是不可能的；听了你的演奏，才证实她的怀疑并不错。问题不是没有rubato［音的长短顿挫］，而是怎样的一种rubato［音的长短顿挫］。 玛祖卡，我听了四遍以后才开始捉摸到一些，但还不是每支都能体会。 我至此为止是能欣赏了OP. 59，No.1［作品59 之一］；OP.68，No.4［作品68 之四］；OP.41，No.2［作品41 之二］；OP.33，No.1［作品33 之一］。OP.68，No.4。［作品68 之四］的开头像是几句极凄怨的哀叹。OP.41，No.2［作品41 之二］中间一段，几次感情欲上不上，几次悲痛冒上来又压下去，到最后才大恸之下，痛哭出声。第一支最长的OP.56，No.3［作品56 之三］，因为前后变化多，还来不及抓握。阿敏却极喜欢，恩德也是的。她说这种曲子如何能学，我认为不懂什么叫做“tone colour”［音色］的人，一辈子也休想懂得一丝半毫，无怪几个小朋友听了无动于衷，colour sense［音色领悟力］也是天生的。孩子，你真怪，不知你哪儿来的这点悟性！斯拉夫民族的灵魂，居然你天生是具备的。斯克里亚宾的prelude［前奏曲］既弹得好，玛祖卡当然不会不好。恩德说，这是因为中国民族性的博大，无所不包，所以什么别的民族的东西都能体会得深刻。 NOtre--TempsNo.2［我们的时代第二号］好似太拖拖拉拉，节奏感不够。我门又找出罗宾斯丹的片子来听了，觉得他大部分都是节奏强，你大部分是诗意侬；他的音色变化不及你的多。 这几天除了为你的唱片兴奋而外，还忙着许多事。明年是“改造和重新安排高级知识分子”的“重点”年，各方面的领寻都在作“重点”了解。故昨晚周而复、吴强两先上来找我谈。我事先想了几天，昨天写了七小时的书面意见，共九千字。除当面谈了以外，又把书面交给他们。据说，为配合五年计划，农业合作化，工商业改造，国家决定大力发动高级知识分子的潜在力量，在各方面――生活方面，工作环境条件方面，帮助他们解决困难，待遇也要调整提高。周、吴二位问我要不要搬个屋子，生活有何问题，我回答说自己过的是国内最好的生活，还有什么要求！注的地方目前也不成问题。 我提的意见共分三大题目：一，关于高级知识分子的问题，二，关于音乐界，三，关于国画界。 妈妈觉得《旅行家》杂志很有意思，预备另订一份寄你。其中不但可以看到许多有趣的游记，还可以体会到祖国建设及各方面人才的众多。 一九五六年一月四日深夜爱华根本忘了我最要紧的话，倒反缠夹了。临别那天，在锦江饭店我清清楚楚的，而且很郑重的告诉她说：“我们对他很有信心，只希望他作事要有严格的规律，学习的计划要紧紧抓住。”骄做，我才不担心你呢！有一回信里我早说过的，有时提到也无非是做父母的过分操心，并非真有这个忧虑。 Do you remember?所以传话是最容易出毛病的。爱华跑来跑去，太忙了，我当然不怪她。但我急于要你放心，爸爸决不至于这样不了解你的。说句真话，我最怕的是：一，你的工作与休息不够正规化；二，你的学习计划不够合理；三，心情波动。 近半个月，我简直忙死了。电台借你的唱片，要我写些介绍材料。中共上海市委文艺部门负责人要我提供有关高级知识分子的情况，我一共提了三份，除了高级知识分子的问题以外；又提了关于音乐界和国画界的；后来又提了补充，昨天又写了关于少年儿童读物的；前后也有一万字左右。近三天又写了一篇《萧邦的少年时代》，长五千多字，给电台下个月在萧邦诞辰时广播。接着还得写一篇《萧邦的成年（或壮年，题未定）时代》。先后预备两小时的节目，分两次播，每次都播几张唱片作说明。这都要在事前把家中所有的两本萧邦的传记（法文本）全部看过，所以很费时间。 我劝你千万不要为了技巧而烦恼，主要是常常静下心来，细细思考，发掘自己的毛病，寻找毛病的根源，然后想法对症下药，或者向别的师友讨教。 烦恼只有打扰你的学习，反而把你的技巧拉下来。共产党员常常强调：“克服困难”，要克服困难，先得镇定！只有多用头脑才能解决问题。同时也切勿操之过急，假如经常能有些少许进步，就不要灰心，不管进步得多么少。 而主要还在于内心的修养，性情的修养：我始终认为手的紧张和整个身心有关系，不能机械的把“手”孤立起来。练琴的时间必须正常化，不能少，也不能多；多了整个的人疲倦之极，只会有坏结果。要练琴时间正常，必须日常生活科学化，计划化，纪律化！假定有事出门，回来的时间必须预先肯定，在外面也切勿难为情，被人家随便多留，才能不打乱事先定好的日程。 二十九日寄你两份《旅行家》，以后每期寄你。内容太精彩了，你不但可以看着消遣，还可以看到祖国建设的成绩和各方面新出的人材，真是令人兴奋。 一九五六年一月二十日 亲爱的孩子：昨天接一月十日来信，和另外一包节目单，高兴得很。第一你心情转好了，第二，一个月由你来两封信，已经是十个多月没有的事了。 只担心一件，一天十二小时的工作对身心压力大重。我明白你说的“十二小时绝对必要”的话，但这句话背后有一个很重要的原因：倘使你在十一十二两月中不是常常烦恼，每天保持――不多说――六七小时的经常练琴，我断定你现在就没有一天练十二小时的“必要”。dont you agree?从这个经验中应得出一个教训：以后即使心情有波动，工作可不能松弛。平日练八小时的，在心绪不好时减成六七小时，那是可以原谅的，也不至于如何妨碍整个学习进展。超过这个尺寸，到后来势必要加紧突击，影响身心健康。往者已矣，来者可追，孩子，千万记住：下不为例！何况正规工作是驱除烦恼最有效的灵药！我只要一上桌子，什么苦闷都会暂时忘掉。 我九日航挂寄出的关于萧邦的文章20 页，大概收到了吧？其中再三提到他的诗意，与你信中的话不谋而合。那文章中引用的波兰作家的话（见第一篇《少年时代》3―4 页），还特别说明那“诗意”的特点。又文中提及的两支Valse〔华尔滋〕，你不妨练熟了，当作encore piece?〔加奏乐曲〕用。我还想到，等你南斯拉夫回来，应当练些Chopin Prelude〔萧邦前奏曲〕。这在你还是一页空白呢！等我有空，再弄些材料给你，关于Pre1ude〔前奏曲〕的，关于萧邦的piano method〔钢琴手法〕的。 协奏曲第二乐章的情调，应该一点不带感伤情调，如你来信所说，也如那篇文章所说的。你手下表现的Chopin〔萧邦〕，的确毫无一般的感伤成分。 我相信你所了解的Chopin〔萧邦〕是正确的，与Chopin〔萧邦〕的精神很接近― ―当然谁也不敢说完全一致。你谈到他的ru-bato〔速率伸缩处理〕与音色，比喻甚精彩。这都是很好的材料，有空随时写下来。一个人的思想，不动笔就不大会有系统；日子久了，也就放过去了，甚至于忘了，岂不可惜！就为这个缘故，我常常逼你多写信，这也是很重要的“理性认识”的训练。而且我觉得你是很能写文章的，应该随时练习。 你这一行的辛苦，当然辛苦到极点。就因为这个，我屡次要你生活正规化，学习正规化。不正规如何能持久？不持久如何能有成绩？如何能巩固已有的成绩？以后一定要安排好，控制得牢，万万不能“空”与“忙”调配得不匀，免得临时着急，日夜加工的赶任务。而且作品的了解与掌握，就需要长时期的慢慢消化、咀嚼、吸收。这些你都明白得很，问题在于实践！ 一九五六年一月二十二日晚亲爱的孩子：今日星期，花了六小时给你弄了一些关于萧邦与特皮西①的材料。关于tempo rubato〔速度的伸缩处理〕的部分，你早已心领神会，不过看了这些文字更多一些引证罢了。他的piano metho〔钢琴手法〕，似乎与你小时候从Paci〔百器〕那儿学的一套很像，恐怕是李斯特从Chopin〔萧邦〕那儿学来，传给学生，再传到Paci 〔百器〕的。是否与你有帮助，不得而知。 前天早上听了电台放的Rubinstein〔罗宾斯丹〕②弹的EMUN，Concerto〔E、小调协奏曲〕当然是些灌音），觉得你的批评一点不错。他的rubato〔音的长短顿挫〕 很不自然；第三乐章的两段（比较慢的，出现过两次，每次都有三四句，后又转到minor〔小调〕的），更糟不可言。转minor〔小调〕的二小句也牵强生硬。第二乐章全无singing〔抒情流畅之感〕。第一乐章纯是炫耀技巧。听了他的，才知道你弹的尽管simple〔简单〕 music〔音乐感〕却是非常丰富的。孩子，你真行！怪不得斯曼齐安卡前年冬天在克拉可夫就说：“想不到这支Concerto今天寄你的文字中，提到萧邦的音乐有非人世的气息，想必你早体会到；所以太沉着，不行；太轻灵面客观也不行。我觉得这一点近于李白，李白尽管飘飘欲仙，却不是特皮西那一派纯粹造型与讲气氛的。 ① 特皮西（ClaudeDebussy，1862―1918），法国作曲家。 ② 罗宾斯丹（1886―1982），美籍俄国钢琴家。 〔协奏曲〕会有这许多music〔音乐〕！ "