Chapter 33 what is learning

We often hear people say that someone is knowledgeable and someone is not. The word "knowledge" is scary, it can knock people down, and it can also be knocked down.But what is knowledge, everyone's views are not the same.It is said that I am an ignorant person, and I am often fought by the fierce-eyed revolutionary young general Linkong.But I have never eaten pork, and I have seen pigs running. Since Lianghuai Jiajing, after all, I have dealt with many kinds of learned people, big and small, true and false. I have a few personal opinions and humble opinions, and I will list them here and teach them to the Fang family.

To be "learned", one must first "know many things".That is to know more and learn more.Some intellectuals know very little, they can't even change a light bulb, they haven't even heard of Teresa Teng, and they can't even tell the difference between leeks and celery. They are not ashamed, but instead claim to be "scholars" and think that those who are well-informed People are "not doing their job properly", according to this logic, idiots are the most "doing their job properly", and the more knowledge they have, the more reactionary they become.This is really the degradation of learning and the tragedy of civilization.

The "knowledge and knowledge" mentioned here can mean "knowing things in many fields". For example, Confucius knew everything from pilgrimage etiquette to driving and archery. He understood both military affairs and "political economy".This is called "Guangbo".Many people today, when they see someone is a professor in the Department of Mathematics, think that he must not understand architecture. This is the ignorance of modern people.When I was in college, my friends in the mathematics department studied Sartre and Freud all day long, and it didn't delay him from getting a Ph. D. This is the advantage of a comprehensive university.Without a certain degree of "Bo", there is no learning of any kind.

In addition, being well-informed can also refer to "knowing more than others in a certain specialized field", which is called "deep expertise".For example, we all have some medical knowledge, but a doctor knows more than the average person, so he is "learned" than us in the medical field.Even if he has a medical accident, he is still more knowledgeable than us laymen.Never discover a typo by a great writer, bark and bark, belittle his personality, and feel that he is not as good as you.There are too many such superficial young people today.Another example is Liu Xinwu, many people call him Yehu Zen and ignorance. In fact, Liu Xinwu's research may be weaker than those senior red scholars, and his approach may not be correct. After all, he is a writer, but Liu Xinwu is always better than the average Chinese department. Are college students educated?I think his familiarity with the book is also more than that of many classical literature teachers.Liu Xinwu is at least an expert.

It should be noted that breadth and depth are not opposites.Some people can be very specialized in multiple fields. This is often the case for ancient people, and there are many modern people.Therefore, it must not be thought that a sofa made by a blacksmith is inferior to a carpenter.For masters like Foucault and Barthes, can we say which specialty they are?A person who is more specialized in a certain field must also know more about adjacent fields.For example, a scholar majoring in literature, history and philosophy should have a doctorate or at least a master’s degree in literature, language, history, philosophy, religion, art, psychology, society, politics, economics, and other aspects.Therefore, we small scholars who have achieved a little bit have no reason to be proud. We are still far from the real masters.If an undergraduate student in the physics department takes it for granted to teach a professor in the chemistry department casually on physics issues, it is unreasonable and "frivolous".

Secondly, being more knowledgeable can be counted as "learning".But just because you know a lot of things, you can't be considered "learned".Taxi drivers in Beijing know a lot of things, from Zhongnanhai to Babaoshan. Some drivers are more knowledgeable than bureau chiefs and professors from other provinces, but most of them cannot be called "learned".why?Because the known things must be digested and sorted into systematic "knowledge" before it can be called "knowledge".In the words of the common people, it has to be "speak out one thing after another".Some people have been nicknamed "Zhang Dawen" and "Li Dawen" because their conversations are relatively systematic and the information they have is connected into a system.

Now that the Internet is developed, you can find a lot of information and browse a lot of articles. On the surface, this seems to be a good thing, but in fact it is also very harmful. After many young people who have not practiced their basic skills swallowed some information fast food, they think they are very knowledgeable. , "suddenly enlightened" at every turn, and then went to lecture others arrogantly.It is said that they are not educated and they may not like to listen, but in fact they cannot distinguish between "information" and "knowledge".Reading about Zhang Ailing today and Zhang Henshui tomorrow does not mean you know "modern literature".Reading a bit of Water Margin today and Jin Yong tomorrow does not mean mastering "martial arts literature".Information must be processed before it can be transformed into "knowledge", otherwise why do we spend money to go to school?Isn't it possible to "get information" by reading books by yourself at home?The main thing in university is not to learn "knowledge", but to learn "methods of acquiring knowledge".When I was about to take the college entrance examination, my father was very confused: "You have read both "Das Kapital" and "Das Kapital". Are there any characters in the world that you don't know?" The old people think that college students know five or six hundred more characters than middle school students. .Why is it more difficult for modern people to become "learned" people if they don't go to college?At once

Because there is too much "information" now, without professional training, I don't know how to "learn".So it doesn't really matter what major you study in university. Those who have undergone rigorous academic training can study everything.The kind of people who think that graduates from the Department of Education cannot engage in journalism, and those who have graduated from the Department of Economics cannot engage in politics are generally cute idiots in the school.Ordinary people can see for sure that if you hire a tutor for math for your children, you don't necessarily have to find a math department. As long as you have good math scores in the college entrance examination, you can also go to a history department.Friends who haven’t gone to university don’t need to feel inferior, as long as they practice self-cultivation according to the academic procedures, they can also become university students.Liang Shuming and Li Zehou are role models.Many friends who failed the college entrance examination wrote to me, and this is how I replied to them.

Again, with systematic knowledge, it can only be regarded as "knowledge in the belly".Those knowledge must be able to be used flexibly and concretely in order to truly master the knowledge.Memorize five thousand mathematical formulas, but can't solve fifty problems, what kind of knowledge is it called?Won the gold medal in the Mathematical Olympiad, but can't figure out the utility bills. What kind of knowledge is it called?He has memorized 30,000 go routines and even Kong Qingdong can't beat him. What kind of master is he?A computer has an 80,000 G hard drive, which is filled with "correct and rigorous knowledge", but with the 286 configuration, nothing can be adjusted, and the computer crashes as soon as the keyboard is pressed, and the knowledge becomes dead knowledge.Many scholars today belong to this kind of people who "have knowledge in their stomachs".After reading thousands of volumes, writing is like seeing a ghost.I have been studying for fifty years, and I don't even know how to speak common sense.I have written one academic work after another. In addition to filling out forms for evaluating titles, there are a total of two readers including the editor in charge.Of course, it’s not bad to be able to achieve knowledge in your stomach. Even if you can’t solve practical problems, you can finally "cook dumplings in a teapot-know it in your heart", and generally you won’t persecute good people too much.It's not all their fault, it's their educational background.

To know more and learn more, to memorize extensive knowledge, to form a self-contained system, and to be able to use it flexibly, this is called "both talent and learning", and it can already be said to be "learned". The only difference is whether the knowledge is greater or lesser.But for higher-level people who really pursue learning, it is not enough to be talented and educated, what is more important is "knowledge".That is, there is "insight", there is invention, and there is innovation. You have learned so much knowledge, but you can’t add any new ideas or new things to the world. What you say is what other people have said, what you quote is the material dug by others, and what you perform are all the programs of the master. That would be a little sorry for my life.However, it is rare to be able to be honest and conservative in today's world.For example, many scholars in the philosophy department are very self-aware and do not call themselves "philosophers", they just "study philosophy".Knowing when Hegel was born and what works Kant wrote in his later years, of course one cannot be considered a philosopher.Who can be called a philosopher, whether it is necessary to graduate from the philosophy department, you can think for yourself.Neither Lu Xun nor Guo Moruo came from the Department of Chinese and History.

It should be noted here that "knowledge" should be based on "learning" and "talent".Without education and talent, but eager for quick success and instant benefit, if you insist on pursuing "knowledge", it can only be self-deception People's Kerikong.Many of today's cool critics and those young and old who take insults as heroes are actually caused by their eagerness to show their "knowledge" mentality.Scolding Qian Zhongshu today and Cha Liangyong tomorrow, I don't want to think about how many bowls of dry rice I have eaten, but I will just hover over other people's rice bowls like flies.Such "knowledge" often exposes their own ignorance, ignorance and incompetence.Based on the plot of Confucius reciting Tang poems in one of my absurd works, some scholars once scolded "Kong Qingdong didn't even understand basic historical knowledge, so he shamed Peking University."I could only smile wryly: I am really ashamed of Peking University.Many people are envious of Lu Xun's profound insight into essays, and think that they can write essays only by "daring to fight and rush". They don't know that Lu Xun has accumulated decades of talent and learning to write essays like never before.In terms of bravery and sharpness, can today's young revolutionary generals surpass the level of big-character posters during the Cultural Revolution?Why is it not long before the big-character report?There is no basis for learning. Therefore, a complete learning should include talent, learning, and knowledge.However, in order to acquire talent, learning, and knowledge, several character qualities such as morality, righteousness, and courage are required, and that is another problem.Luoluo has said these things in a very uneducated manner, and I sincerely appreciate the criticism and advice of learned experts.Brother-in-law of God!