Chapter 13 Tomb-sweeping day return

I haven't seen each other for a few days, and the peach blossoms at Peking University are in full bloom, and little mung beans are sprouting from the willow sticks.But Sajia has no intention of appreciating the spring scenery. More than 20 letters are waiting for me to answer, four articles are waiting for me to write, and the water heater is broken, waiting for me to find someone to fix it.It seems that this blog is not too long today, and there are so many messages that I can't reply one by one.However, Sajia was gratified that after being out for many days, the academy was sunny and sunny, almost like the legendary "university study room".It seems that I can go out for a month with peace of mind in the future, and I don't need to close the door to cover my firewood.Fortunately, I have prepared a reading miscellaneous thoughts a few days ago, and I will post it here, even if it is Qingming Festival, it will be a sacrifice to the great man.Does anyone still remember the Ching Ming Festival 30 years ago?Oh, the moon 30 years ago...

Mao and Liu in the flamboyant style In the first issue of "Guangdong Haifeng" in 2006, Liu Dezhong's article on Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi was very valuable.Dr. Huang Lingjun's "Liu Shaoqi and the Great Leap Forward" corrected the superficial understanding in the society and pointed out that Liu was the main decision maker and promoter of the Great Leap Forward.But to say that the term "Commune" was invented by Liu Shaoqi may not be valid.Comrade Bo Yibo said in "Review of Major Decisions and Events" that Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Lu Dingyi and others "bragged about the commune, utopia, and transition to communism" on the train, which can only prove that they were hotheaded at the time, while " The term "community" has long existed.

Mao Zedong retreated to the second line and handed over the management of the country to Liu Shaoqi. Many veteran comrades thought it was a wise move to let go and train successors.But I think there is Lao Mao's feudal emperor's thinking at work here. If we don't establish a clear system for handing over power, and only rely on the personal feelings of the top leaders to cultivate successors, there will be endless troubles.Lao Mao thought that he could avoid the tragedy of the feudal emperors by knowing the details and being loyal to the people, but no matter how great a person is, his knowledge has limitations.It turned out that Liu Shaoqi took advantage of Mao's personality cult to control the country, the party and the government became the "yamen" before the revolution, and Mao became the empty Chao Gai, so he had to launch a revolution again, relying on the love of the people and Lin Biao's army , regain power.But even bigger troubles came. Lin Biao's prestige was greater than Liu's, and he became the successor written into the constitution... Surrounding the successor, the killing was full of smoke and dust, bloody and bloody, until the Imperial Forest Army played Xuanwumen again and captured him alive The four members of the Politburo including Wang Hongwen, vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, shocked the whole world.Mao Zedong always hoped to choose an ideal successor, but all failed.This cannot be said to be that Mao was not smart—he kept a plan for each of his successors, especially Deng Xiaoping, a genius whom he didn’t like very much but valued extremely—but it can only be said that the feudal emperor established a prince. The way of cultivating successors should come to an end.On the issue of successors, Deng Xiaoping learned from Mao's lessons and did a better job than Mao.The current party and government team from Jiang Zemin, Zhu Rongji to Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao, although there are different opinions in the society, is at least a considerable historical progress in the succession system.

Comrade Liu Shaoqi greatly appreciated and strongly advocated the promotion of cooperatives to people's communes, large-scale canteens, and large-scale steelmaking. On June 14, 1958, he proposed the universal establishment of communal canteens. "Guangming Daily" reported on August 4, 1958 that Comrade Liu Shaoqi praised Shouzhang County in Shandong, described the exaggerated behavior as "a revolution" and praised them for "overwhelming scientists." "People's Daily" reported on September 30, 1958 that Liu Shaoqi inspected Changshu County, Jiangsu Province. When he heard that the yield per mu was 10,000 jin, he said: "Can there be more than 10,000 jin? Your conditions here are good, and you can do deep plowing again. We can shoot more." At that time, satellites were launched across the country, and the output became an important indicator for measuring the achievements of cadres, and they all carried the banner of Chairman Mao.

Mao realized that he was alone in his family talking about himself, and that the party’s yamen was doing something else, and it was gradually becoming difficult to publish his own articles. He had to use the oratory skills he had cultivated during the May Fourth Movement to speak everywhere. On November 23, 1958, Mao made a rather "reactionary" statement at the Wuchang Conference: "Now we want to release 'satellites' anyway, to fight for reputation, so we fake it. If it doesn't work, let people scold you and make your face shameless. It doesn't matter. Don't fight for vanity. For example, I don't believe in eradicating illiteracy in half a year or a year. It's good to eradicate it during the second five-year plan. Greening, every year, every year, the more The more you can't see the tree. The serious problem now is that not only the lower levels are cheating, but we believe it, from the central government, the provinces, the localities to the counties, mainly the top three. The more detailed, the more practical and scientific it is, this is different from poetry, and you must know the difference between poetry and economics.”

It can be seen from this statement that Mao clearly distinguished doing things from writing poems.Many people saw Mao's poems full of passion and thought Mao was an irrational leader, which is a big mistake.Leaders who are not good at writing poetry often use life as poetry to mess around. Wang Mingbogu and the others are like that, and they almost ruined all the property of the Red Army.And look at the Red Army led by Lao Mao after the Zunyi Conference. It was a shrewd enterprise operating, tenaciously and skillfully withstood the crisis of collapse, and re-listed after arriving in northern Shaanxi. stocks, attracting retail investors on a large scale, driving low and moving high, and finally conquered the world in one fell swoop.

But when the company grows bigger, the sales managers in the major regions begin to enjoy the fruits of victory.Peng Dehuai said angrily: "I don't feel bad about selling my father's land." But what can the masses do? The secretary of the township chief wants political achievements. On April 29, 1959, Mao used intra-party communications to bypass the central government and directly called on the grassroots cadres and the masses to say: "Don't care about the set of indicators set by the superiors at all. Regardless of these, just focus on realistic possibilities. For example, last year, the actual yield per mu was only Three hundred catties, it would be great to increase the production by one hundred catties or two hundred catties this year. To boast about eight hundred catties, one thousand catties, one thousand two hundred catties, or even more is just bragging. It is really impossible. What are the benefits? For example, if the yield per mu was 500 catties last year, it would be a great achievement if it increased by 200 catties or 300 catties this year. Generally speaking, it is impossible to increase it.” Lao Mao used his special status to dare to say that if I said it, someone would come to the yamen to hold my study class immediately.

In March 1960, Mao Zedong denounced the "communist style" and pointed out that "corruption, waste, and bureaucracy broke out again and endangered the people." Wind" is the focus. On December 30, he demanded that all property deprived of farmers should be "seriously returned and compensated." "Counties and communes would rather pay for all their family property, even bankruptcy. Because we have deprived farmers, this is completely forbidden by Marxism-Leninism... …Only in this way can we understand the Marxist principle of equivalent exchange.” But Mao should understand in his heart, can those yamen be able to “compensate even if they go bankrupt”?Just like today's Premier Wen Jiabao asked for wages for migrant workers, everyone praised him unanimously.But if every local government is asked to return the arrears of wages to farmers, will the contractors agree?

Realistically speaking, although Mao Zedong retreated to the second line, he was still the top decision-maker of the party and the country.The Great Leap Forward cannot be totally negated. Overall, it still played a major role in accelerating the country's industrialization and modernization. This is evidenced by specific economic growth figures. The national strength in the 1960s was a big step up from that in the 1950s.However, the Great Leap Forward was at the cost of severely depriving farmers. Mao Zedong did not expect that the primitive accumulation of socialism could not avoid the tragedy of primitive accumulation of capitalism.Such as the absurdity of steelmaking by the whole people, and the prodigal farce of "eat his mother and wear his mother" in the canteen of the Communist Party. Yes, but as the supreme leader, Mao Zedong still bears the main responsibility.He assumed this responsibility to the whole party and swallowed this bitter fruit.But in his heart, I am afraid that the belief that the people should truly be the masters of the country has become stronger, and a bigger storm is brewing.

One of Deng Xiaoping's remarkable things is that he didn't say that rightists are good things and great heroes just because he was labeled as a rightist with Lao Mao in the Soviet area; ", and put Liu Shaoqi on the altar to excuse himself.When talking about this period of history, he said: "Be fair on these issues, and don't create an impression that everyone else is right and only one person is wrong. This is not true." After becoming China's top leader, Lao Deng was able to Saying such a thing, I dare not say it is wise, at least it is commendable.When Mao Zedong talked with Khrushchev about his successors, he ignored Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai, and only mentioned the "remarkable little man". He was really right. On the Ching Ming Festival in 1976, Lao Deng was defeated for the third time. When I was in the fourth grade of elementary school, I heard on the radio "According to the suggestion of the great leader Chairman Mao, keep his party membership", and I was very puzzled: Since he is a bad person, why should he keep his party membership? Party membership?There has never been a precedent.The adults at that time just thought that it was Chairman Mao's "graciousness of the emperor" and his compassion.Many years later, the tens of thousands of books I have read gradually became one piece, and I realized that Mao loved Deng and had a mentality of "hating iron but not steel" and wanting to be beaten and afraid of being broken.Deng's feelings for Mao are not something that those wealthy, anti-corrupt, and right-wing people can speculate on their own.As for Comrade Liu Shaoqi, today's researchers are only busy complaining for his redress, but rarely study his true psychology.Our contemporary history research may lag behind foreign sinologists again.I hope it will not be like what Du Mu said in "A Fang Gong Fu": "The people of Qin have no time to mourn for themselves, but later generations mourn;