Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Chongqing, Huangshan Mountain in the suburbs of the south of the Yangtze River, has mixed peanut trees and an elegant environment. In an elegant two-story villa in Huangshan, Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang and chairman of the Military Commission, sat in the building and fixed his eyes on the Northeast region on the wall map.He thought to himself: "Northeast, this vast and rich place, must not let it fall into the hands of the Communist Party, otherwise there will be endless troubles! What worries Chiang Kai-shek is that his troops are far in the southwest, too far away from the northeast.And the CCP can go to the northeast from the northwest and north China, and it can take the lead.

The Kuomintang government troops took the US plane to seize the Northeast However, there is one thing that makes Chiang Kai-shek happy: if the CCP has the right place, he has the right time.At the meeting of the Big Three in Yalta, Stalin promised Roosevelt that he would only assist the Chinese Nationalist government. After the Soviet army entered the Northeast and completed its mission, it would withdraw from the Northeast within three months and return the sovereignty of the Northeast to the Chinese government. The Chinese government recognized by the allies is his Chiang Kai-shek government.

Chiang Kai-shek was politically minded and strategically aware.He seized this golden opportunity and acted immediately, but the victory came too suddenly, and even the "military delegation" that should be sent to the headquarters of the Soviet army could not be sent.He called an emergency meeting overnight and issued several orders on August 11.The gist of these commands is: (1) An order was issued to the provincial and municipal governments and the commanders of the war zones, "The exact date of Japan's surrender should be announced simultaneously by our country and the allies.

(2) Order the Kuomintang direct line troops to "intensify their operations, make every effort to follow the established military plans and orders, and actively advance without any slack." (3) Order all kinds of puppet troops in the enemy-occupied area to "should be stationed in the present place, quiet place. Take the opportunity to atone for their sins and try their best to save themselves; without the permission of the chairman of this committee, they must not move their station without authorization, or be reorganized by any army," (4) Ordering the anti-Japanese troops in the liberated areas: "All the troops belonging to the group army should be stationed on standby, and their troops in the combat areas of each theater should be under the jurisdiction of the commanders of the U.S. warships to help the Kuomintang government transport troops; The disarming of enemy troops, the accommodation of enemy prisoners, the handling of puppet troops, the restoration of recovered areas, and the exercise of political power are all decided in a unified manner and implemented by order. In order to maintain the dignity of national orders and abide by the provisions of the common agreement of allies, each It is imperative that the troops stop acting on their own initiative."

On the other hand, Song Ziwen, Wang Shijie, Xiong Shihui and others were sent to the Soviet Union to sign the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance", in exchange for the recognition of the independence of Outer Mongolia and the lease of the Lushun military port, etc., in exchange for the Soviet Union's respect for China's sovereignty in Northeast China. The "U.S. Military Advisory Group in China" was training the Kuomintang government troops with American equipment. Chiang Kai-shek appointed Xiong Shihui as the director of the "Chairman of the Military Commission Northeast Xingyuan", Du Yuming as the Northeast Security Commander, and Chiang Ching-kuo as the Northeast Diplomatic Commissioner, responsible for taking over the Northeast.Xiong Shihui waited until the northeast, bumping into soft nails everywhere with the Soviet army.Chiang Kai-shek was very annoyed and asked Xiong Shihui and others to negotiate with the Soviet army.He pointed out that "the Chinese army cannot be stationed in the Northeast, and the national government cannot take over the Northeast. Everything is in charge of the Soviet army." The Soviet army still held a perfunctory attitude at first.

In order to further exert diplomatic pressure, the Kuomintang authorities announced on November 15 that they would withdraw their camp in Changchun.On the same day, Chiang Kai-shek called U.S. President Truman for help, saying: "The situation in Northeast China caused by Soviet Russia's breach of contract and breach of trust not only endangered the integrity and unity of China's territory, but also constituted a major threat to the peace and order of East Asia. Only by taking action can we prevent its further deterioration.” Soviet leaders did not want to offend the powerful United States.Although the Soviet Union won the Great Patriotic War, it paid a heavy price for it. It was eager to seek a period of peace and restoration, and was very afraid of triggering a new war.In Stalin's mind, fulfilling the Yalta agreement, safeguarding the structure of great powers and the interests of the Soviet Union were more important than supporting the Chinese Communist Party.What's more, he still has doubts about Mao Zedong, the leader of the Communist Party of China who is struggling in the valley.

On November 10, the Soviet side allowed Jiang Jun to airlift troops to take over the major cities five days before the Soviet army retreated. On November 12, the Northeast Bureau, in accordance with the operational policy determined by the central government, made a deployment to capture the three cities of Shenyang, Changchun, and Harbin after the Soviet army retreated. On November 15, the Central Committee replied to the Northeast Bureau, "While taking care of the credit of the friendly side, at the same time, we are preparing to resolutely eliminate Jiang's landing forces in Shen, Chang, and Kazakhstan, and seize three major cities, the most decisive of which is Shenyang City." .On the same day, Chairman Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Lin Biao and Peng Zhen to "concentrate the largest force" and "command Lin Biao or Luo Ronghuan personally to launch a counter-offensive at the most favorable time and place" and "wipe out all" Jiang's army that entered the Northeast. solve the problem strategically."

However, the situation changed suddenly. On November 19, 1945, the Soviet side proposed: hand over the Changchun Road and the city to the Kuomintang government; Forced to disperse the CCP army. In Shenyang, Kafudong, the major general of the Soviet army stationed in Shenyang, found Peng Zhen, secretary of the Northeast Bureau, and asked the CCP to withdraw from Shenyang in a rude and arrogant tone.Peng Zhen and Wu Xiuquan repeatedly and patiently explained to him the reasons why they should not withdraw, and asked him to convey their opinions to Moscow.The major general said rudely: "It is an order from the superior to ask you to withdraw from Shenyang. If you don't leave, I will use tanks to drive you away!" Peng Zhen couldn't hold back when he heard his words, and asked: "A The Communist army used tanks to fight another Communist army, this is something I have never heard of before, can this be allowed?" The two sides quarreled unceremoniously and broke up unhappy.

On the same day, Peng Zhen and others proposed to the Soviet army to have a direct interview with Malinowski, but the Soviet army stopped contact with the Northeast Bureau of the CCP and refused to meet. The CCP personnel in Northeast China were all strongly dissatisfied with this decision of the Soviet Union.The upright Huang Kecheng even proposed to resist resolutely if the Soviet army forcibly drove them away, forcing the Soviet army to make concessions. On November 20, the Northeast Bureau telegraphed the decision of the Soviet Union to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.On the same day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China reiterated: "Since the other party has made such a decision, we can only obey."The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the attitude of the Soviet side is determined by the overall foreign policy, and the people below are to carry out orders, and they must focus on the overall situation and avoid conflicts with the Soviet army.The policy of denying the Kuomintang army to enter the Northeast since October 19 should be changed, give up the big cities, and "strive for the vast rural areas and small and medium-sized cities."

The Soviet Union's withdrawal from the Northeast did not come back empty-handed.They not only took away the worthless last emperor, but also took away a lot of valuable industrial equipment.After the Soviet Union dispatched troops to the Northeast, it dispatched more than 3,000 technical personnel from China to accompany the army to major cities and industrial bases in the Northeast to dismantle machinery and equipment.If the technical force is not enough, Japanese technicians who were captured by the Soviet army were forced to work together.The wood needed for packing is also collected locally. There is a lot of high-quality wood in the Northeast, which can be used in large quantities.

When the Soviet army entered the Northeast, it only systematically confiscated grain and other raw material facilities.From the beginning of September 1945, the selective relocation of industrial machinery began. In mid-January 1946, the negotiations between the National Government and the Soviet government broke down. On January 13, the Chongqing Nationalist Government publicly announced that all enemy property in Northeast China would be owned by the Chinese government. However, Petrov, the Soviet ambassador to China, immediately told Chiang Kai-shek that the Soviet government believed that the Chinese government's statement was "groundless and invalid."At the same time, the Soviet Union announced that the industrial equipment in the Northeast were all "trophies" of the war against Japan.Subsequently, the Soviet army used its garrison in the northeast to step up the relocation, divided into land and sea routes, the land route passed through Harbin, and the sea route passed through Dalian, and these "trophies" were transported back to the Soviet Union day and night. During the half-year relocation, not all the equipment transported by the Soviet army was "enemy production".For example, the Soviet Army dismantled 181 kilometers of tracks and associated facilities on the Ningnen Railway.In fact, this railway had already been built before the "September 18th" Incident, and the construction funds were raised by the Chinese government and the people, and it was not "enemy property" as the Soviet army said at all. When the Soviet army dismantled the machine, it also caused a lot of damage.For example, in the Fushun thermal power plant, the Soviet army demolished the walls of the plant and transported them out because the engines and boilers were too large.The Soviet army dismantled the power equipment of the Fushun Coal Mine, making the underground pumps unable to operate, and flooded the mine.Shenyang Aircraft Manufacturing Factory, Yuanke Manufacturing Factory, Yingkou Magnesium Manufacturing Factory and other large military enterprises were demolished and left with nothing but walls.50,000 vehicles of various types, including train locomotives, were transported back to China by the Soviet Army via the Zhongchang Railway, and most of the rest were dilapidated. The Soviet army also took gold bars worth 3 million U.S. dollars from various banks in the Northeast, and issued 1 billion occupying military notes (Red Army tickets) themselves, which caused losses to the economic life of the local people. On November 21, the Soviet garrison requested the CCP party and government agencies and troops to withdraw from the urban area of ​​Shenyang. On the night of the 21st, Tao Zhu, secretary of the Liaoning Working Committee of the Communist Party of China and director of the Shenyang Defense Action Committee, convened an enlarged meeting of the provincial and municipal party committees, and decided to withdraw from Shenyang in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Tao Zhu was in his 30s at the time, with a medium build, thick hair and thick eyebrows, a Hunan accent, warm and approachable.Due to the intense work and exhaustion, and he has tuberculosis, he often vomits blood and looks a little old.Since he took up the leadership position in Shenyang, he felt that the task was very heavy, as if he was walking a tightrope, and he had to be very careful, otherwise he would fall down, and he would be seriously injured if he didn't die. He made up his mind that he was only allowed to do a good job and never do a bad job in order to live up to the party's trust in him.He worked intensely day and night in Shenyang.It is necessary to grasp and mobilize the masses and quickly establish workers' self-defense armed forces; to prepare for street fighting and counterattack the attack of the Kuomintang army; to combat the sabotage and assassination of the Kuomintang "underground army";He was busy coming and going in Shenyang, but he always felt that the effect was not great. He and Deng Hua, the commander of the Liaoning Provincial Military Region, once asked their superiors to leave Shenyang, so that the provincial party committee and the military region could go to other places to start rural work in the province.Now, the work in Shenyang has just begun to take shape, the people's government has just been established, and the huge booth has just been rolled out, and it is time to pack up and retreat.It is conceivable that the cadres are not clear about their thinking and the organizational work is complicated. And things are urgent, there is no time to prepare. On November 25, the Soviet Army in Shenyang issued an ultimatum to the CCP's troops stationed in Shenyang: the CCP personnel were restricted to withdraw from Shenyang within 24 hours, otherwise they would be expelled by force. It's really "why is it too urgent to meet each other"! The retreat of the CCP personnel from Shenyang was like a miniature Dunkirk, and panic was inevitable.Each of them seized the means of transportation, and some units received the notice very late, or even did not get the notice.Every CCP member and cadre is facing a severe test. On this day, the Organization Department of the Northeast Bureau informed that nearly 200 cadres from central Hebei were assigned to the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee to arrange work, and the Organization Department of the Provincial Party Committee was required to send a car to Masanjiazi outside the city to pick them up.The cadres Xiao Gang and Ke Shenxing of the Organization Department set off immediately with two trucks and arrived at Masanjiazi before dusk. They organized the cadres into two detachments. The next morning, Xiao Gang led a detachment to take two trucks and went to the city first. At the same time, Ke Shenxing led the second team to Zhangshitun in the western suburbs of Shenyang on foot to shorten the journey. After the first team entered the city, they immediately returned to Zhangshitun with an empty car to pick up the second team to enter the city.Unexpectedly, after the trucks of the first unit entered the urban area, they found that the streets were full of heavily armed troops of our army marching. At first, they thought it was an armed demonstration by our army to protest against the Kuomintang, but then they saw mules and horses carrying soldiers on their backs. The cooks carried the burden of food and followed the troops closely. When the truck arrived at the Organization Department of the Provincial Party Committee, the cadre guest house downstairs was empty, only pots and pans, rice and white noodles were scattered all over the floor.It turned out that as soon as the CCP army withdrew, the institution had been looted.The truck drove to the provincial party committee station. Fortunately, the guards on guard were still there. After questioning, they found out that the provincial party committee had retreated separately. Only a few leaders of the provincial party committee were still holding the final emergency meeting inside.Xiao Gang immediately went in and reported to the Provincial Party Committee. Tao Zhu decided to try to get in touch with the cadres in the west of the city and Ke Shenxing. At the same time, at the gate of the provincial party committee, he divided two truckloads of cadres into two according to the region and the organizational relationship they brought. Going to Benxi, a car with Tao Zhu retreated to the west of Liaoning.As soon as the allocation adjustments were completed, and the emergency meeting of the Provincial Party Committee was over, Tao Zhu came out and greeted: "Xiao Gang, hurry up and meet me at Masanjiazi."This car of cadres set off right after Tao Zhu's car, bid farewell to Shenyang and went to Masanjiazi. At that time, it was already dusk on the 26th. There were gunshots in Shenyang city, and there were no pedestrians on the street. Tao Zhu was the last group to evacuate Shenyang that day.He took only his BMW ride from Yan'an, and took an old-fashioned car to Masanjiazi in the west of Shenyang. The driver slipped back to Shenyang without saying goodbye. That night, these people lived in the homes of the villagers in the Masanjiazi village.Tao Zhu was the same, he was squeezed into a small room, and slept, ate, and worked on a small kang.At around nine o'clock in the evening, Xiao Gang arrived at Tao Zhu's residence and reported that he planned to go to Zhangshitun in the west of the city in the early morning of the next day to find the comrades in central Hebei led by Ke Shenxing.Tao Zhu agreed and asked him to be vigilant on the road. In the early morning of the next day, Xiao Gang disguised himself as a local, wearing a top hat and a Japanese military overcoat (issued uniformly by the provincial party committee when he was working in the city), with a pistol in his pocket. It was past noon when we reached Zhangshitun Street.There were many people passing by on the street, and the order was chaotic, but the comrades I was looking for just couldn't be seen.Turning to the back street, I suddenly saw a few female comrades dressed in Jizhong. I went up and asked, they were from the cadres in Jizhong. They went to the street to buy tofu for dinner. Xiao Gang immediately followed them to their place of residence, reunited in adversity, and everyone was very happy, but Ke Xinxing disappeared.It turned out that after the cadres arrived in Zhangtun yesterday afternoon, they took a sharp break and waited for the car to come back to pick them up; but from the afternoon until late at night, they only heard gunfire from the direction of Shenyang, and many troops and residents of the city rushed towards Zhangshitun.Ke Shenxing guessed that the situation in the city had changed, so he was very anxious. He made an agreement with the cadres: at dawn, he will go into the city alone to understand the situation and inquire about the news. The actions of the cadres must wait for him to come back before making a decision.Ke Shenxing is a cadre in the east of Hebei. He speaks the same language and is familiar with the situation. In addition, he is older, burly, and dressed in a long gown. He looks like a big local businessman. He set off early in the morning and arrived in the city before noon. Seeing that there was no one there, I hurried to the original site of the organization department and the guest house, where there were already Kuomintang underground troops stationed there. Seeing that the situation has changed, the old man hurried out of the city and rushed back to Zhangshitun.The whole team quickly ate dinner and walked quickly in the dim night. It was already midnight when they arrived at Masanjiazi, and the lights in Tao Zhu's room were still on.That night Xiao Gang and Ke Shenxing reported to Tao Zhu that the cadres had returned safely, and Tao Zhu was quite happy to hear that. On November 28, Tao Zhu took a day off in Masanjiazi, and Tao Zhu personally handled the adjustment and distribution of cadres after Shenyang withdrew.In order to strengthen the work in the counties on the outskirts of Shenyang, many cadres who were originally in the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee were transferred to Xinmin, Faku, Kangping, Zhangwu, Qianqi, Kulun and other county banners.Cadres from Jizhong were also assigned to the county banners in Masanjiazi. The Shenyang Municipal Party Committee was organized by Kong Yuan, retreated to Cailuobao in the northern suburb of Shenyang, and then moved to Chenxiangtun in the southern suburb. Zeng Zhi was notified to withdraw from Shenyang at an emergency meeting convened by the Municipal Party Committee.Tao Zhu and the provincial party committee withdrew there, and she didn't have time to inquire about it, so she hurried back to the area to arrange work, and was about to transport a batch of military supplies she got, but was attacked by the old police again, and five comrades were sacrificed.When we arrived at Cailuobao, the gathering place pre-designated by the municipal party committee, a small memorial service was held to bury the comrades who died. On the night when the CCP and government troops withdrew from Shenyang, some cadres were killed by the enemy during the retreat.Hua Fen (a native of Zhejiang) who traveled from Yan'an to Shenyang was killed by the mutinous police team that night.Some district public security bureau chiefs were rescued by the Soviet Red Army after being surrounded by the enemy.The situation at that time was: as soon as the CCP government and army withdrew, the enemies who had been spying in advance acted immediately, and the demons danced around, surrounded and attacked the CCP organs, and killed CCP cadres and soldiers. Some old personnel who worked in government agencies or public security teams immediately tore off the veil of "revolution" and became the organizers of the mutiny. They played the banner and number of the Kuomintang, occupied the agency, and publicly declared it as the Jiang Ji Kuomintang branch.Some of the recruits recruited in the local area also mutinied during the chaos of the day, and some fled during the retreat, or hid to make other plans, and some retreated to Masanjiazi and then ran back to Shenyang City. However, most of the comrades who have received the ideological education of the CCP are good. During this sudden change, they resolutely withdrew from Shenyang together with the CCP cadres and continued to fight. They prepared and took decisive measures; some people protected the CCP cadres in distress and escorted them out of the city; some were intentionally left behind as underground connections.All these comrades have become local cadres and advanced elements in the early days of the liberation of Northeast China after the test of struggle. On the road from Shenyang to Benxi, in the flow of people retreating from the Northeast Bureau, a dilapidated old-fashioned black car was crawling.There was a person sitting in the car with his arms folded, his head lowered and his eyes closed, seemingly half asleep; he seemed to be familiar with everything outside the car window.He is Lin Biao who will show his talents in the black soil of Northeast China in the future. On November 29, 1945, the Northeast Bureau issued instructions on the new policy in the future, stating: "At present, our party has no possibility of monopolizing the Northeast, and the plan must be changed." "In the past, it was correct for us to put the main cadres and work focus on South Manchuria and the major cities along Changchun Road and their vicinity. Now due to changes in the situation, we must focus our work on South Manchuria and North Manchuria. , Dongman, and Ximan, that is, placed in the vast area on the four sides of Changchun Road from Shenyang to Harbin, centered on small and medium-sized cities and important railway lines, backed by the Soviet Union, North Korea, Outer Mongolia, and Rehe, creating a powerful The base area faces Changchun Road and the big cities near Shenyang, such as Changchun and Harbin, in order to compete with the Kuomintang for these big cities when the Soviet army retreats." After the CCP army withdrew from Shenyang, it also wanted to take back Shenyang at a favorable time. At that time, most of the cadres and troops transferred by the CCP to the Northeast had already arrived.The Soviet side only allowed Jiang's army to transport 10,000 people by air in Shenyang and Changchun within five days before the Soviet army retreated. However, the Chinese Communist army had deployed to destroy the airport in Shenyang. Once the Soviet army withdrew, it could blow up the airport and stop Jiang's army. Reinforcement; at the same time, some of the police in Shenyang City have internal response forces. According to this situation, Peng Zhen and Luo Ronghuan proposed: According to Yudian, Jiang Jun can airlift 10,000 troops to Shenyang and Changchun each, and our army can concentrate 30,000 to 40,000 main forces (mainly the three and four columns) to compete for Shenyang. , concentrated 10,000 main forces to threaten Changchun, "Therefore, we should actively prepare to participate in the competition for Shenyang, so as to create a situation that is beneficial to both peace and war." , Take Changchun again." On December 7, the Central Committee instructed the Northeast Bureau, "At present, all work should not be arranged with the goal of competing for Shenyang and Changchun." Chiang Kai-shek also wanted to quickly take over the Northeast, especially big cities such as Jinzhou, Shenyang, and Changchun.He ordered Du Yuming to step up his attack to the northeast. Du Yuming is also considered a famous general among the Kuomintang generals. Du Yuming, courtesy name Guangting, was born in Mizhi, Shaanxi. He aspired to join the army and become a patriotic soldier when he was in middle school.Du Yuming's cousin Li Dingming is a famous enlightened gentleman in northern Shaanxi, and his cousin Du Bincheng is a famous patriotic democrat and a pioneer of the democratic revolution in northern Shaanxi.Du Yuming studied in Li Dingming's Chengjiacha Primary School and in Yulin Middle School where Du Bincheng was the principal. In April 1924, Du Yuming was admitted to the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy together with Yan Kuiyao, Guan Linzheng, young people from Shaanxi, and his classmates included Chen Geng, Li Xianzhou, Huang Jie, Hou Jingru, etc. In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, and the Whampoa Military Academy quickly split into two openly opposing factions.Du Yuming, who was the lieutenant colonel of the third company of the first battalion of the Whampoa Military Academy Wuhan Branch, went to Nanjing to join Chiang Kai-shek and follow his most admired "principal".Later, Du Yuming served as the head of the 24th Regiment of the 12th Brigade of the 4th Division of the Army, and won the attention of the division commander Xu Tingyao. In the fourth "encirclement and suppression campaign", because of his "meritorious service" in capturing Huoqiu City, he was promoted to major general and deputy division commander.During the Battle of Gubeikou during the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, he replaced the wounded division commander Guan Linzheng and commanded the whole division to fight the Japanese army for three days and nights. At the cost of 4,000 casualties, he dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders.It shows Du Yuming's calm command ability. In 1937, the Kuomintang Army established an armored corps.Both Chiang Kai-shek and Xu Tingyao took a fancy to Du Yuming and appointed him as the first head of the regiment.Later, the Armored Corps was expanded into the 200th Division of the Army, and Du Yuming was promoted to lieutenant general and division commander.The 200th Division was expanded into the new Eleventh Army, and then changed to the Fifth Army of the Army. Du Yuming was promoted to the commander of the army at the age of 34.The Fifth Army is the only new mechanized army of the Kuomintang. It has the 200th Division, the Honorary 1st Division, and the newly organized 22nd Division. Dai Anlan, Zheng Dongguo, and Qiu Qingquan are the division commanders of the three divisions. Du Yuming led the Fifth Army to fight the Japanese army for 18 days in the famous Battle of Kunlun Pass and won the victory.A total of more than 6,000 people were killed in the 12th Brigade of the Japanese Army, including more than 2,000 squad leaders and officers. Major General Masao Nakamura, head of the brigade, was also killed.Masao Nakamura wrote in his diary before his death: "The reason why the Twelfth Brigade of the Fifth Division of the Imperial Army won the title of 'Steel Army' in the Russo-Japanese War was because we stubbornly defeated Russia. Human tenacity. However, at Kunlun Pass, I should admit that I encountered an army stronger than the Russian army...." Du Yuming later served as the acting commander-in-chief of the Chinese Expeditionary Force, commanding the Fifth Army and the Sixth Army to enter Myanmar.In the Tonggu defense battle, the 200th Division fought bloody battles with the Japanese army for 11 days and nights, annihilating more than 5,000 enemies, writing a glorious page in the history of the Chinese Expeditionary Force. At the beginning of 1943, Du Yuming was transferred back to China from India and served as the commander-in-chief of the Fifth Army and the defense commander of Kunming, commanding five armies in Yunnan. In September 1945, he served as the commander-in-chief of the Northeast Security Commander. This is Du Yuming. Lin Biao met a strong opponent. Chiang Kai-shek ordered Du Yuming to attack Shanhaiguan and Jinzhou.Du Yuming arrived in Qinhuangdao on November 8, 1945, and began preparations to attack Yu and Jin. The Kuomintang army concentrated two armies at this time, the Thirteenth Army was equipped with all American weapons and had relatively strong firepower, and the Fifty-second Army was equipped with semi-American weapons and had moderate firepower.It is more convenient to rely on Qinhuangdao and Beining Road for supplies.However, after eight years of the War of Resistance, except for a few high-ranking generals, most middle and lower-level officers, especially soldiers, had a strong sense of war weariness, and their morale was low. In particular, the elimination of a company of the 89th Division caused panic and confusion among some people.The company commander of this company fled back and said: "The communist army received Japanese weapons in the northeast, and the Shenyang arsenal manufactured a large number of weapons and ammunition to supply them. The firepower is very strong. Their tactics are wonderful and their combat effectiveness is strong. The superior artillery fire completely destroyed the fortifications of the village houses within tens of minutes, and the entire company suffered casualties, so the position was lost." At the same time, a small number of troops from the Eastern Jidong Military Region went deep into the Kuomintang army positions, causing a scuffle between the 89th Division of the Thirteenth Army and another division.After dawn, no CCP soldier was found, but the Kuomintang army killed and killed many people. Du Yuming decided to gather Shi Jue, commander of the 13th Army, division commander, regimental commander, and the escaped company commander, and go to Shahe in person.Du Yuming asked the company commander which village was destroyed by the CCP?The company commander first talked about the one in Beitou, and when he entered the village, he saw that no house was destroyed. Du Yuming asked an old farmer: "How was the game here last night?" The old farmer said: "Ah! What a great fight!" Du asked again: "Where are you at this time?" The old farmer said: "It's in this room." Ask again: "Are you afraid?" The old farmer said: "The grenades couldn't hit the wall. I squatted at the foot of the wall, and the fragments couldn't hit it. As soon as the Eighth Route Army came and surrounded the village, your boss ran out in a hurry. A few people were killed by the grenades, and the rest surrendered their guns. The Eighth Route Army The fight was terrible. In the past, the Japanese devils couldn't beat the Eighth Route Army with cannons and machine guns...." Ask again: "Did the shells hit the courtyard?" The old farmer said: "No, only a few shots were fired on the east wall." Du Yuming saw that it was the bullet marks of the grenade.Du Yuming immediately convened various officials to study, and agreed that the Chinese Communist Army had no artillery fire in the Shahe battle, only grenades.A certain company commander lied about the military situation.Du Yuming immediately reiterated Chiang Kai-shek's "continuous sitting method", sentenced a certain company commander to death, and ordered him to perform meritorious service and atone for his crime; he also ordered Shi Jue to use his power to search and capture CCP personnel within two days to understand the situation in front of him.This reconnaissance increased Du Yuming's determination to attack Shanhaiguan. After the 52nd Army was concentrated, it would occupy Shanhaiguan. Du Yuming even ordered the troops to continue to advance quickly northward, and captured Suizhong within one day.Du Yuming passed the troops along the way in a jeep, and heard many officers and soldiers in the troops making noise.Some soldiers said: "The officer is so awesome, he called the officer for a meeting during the battle march." Some scolded: "Damn it, the officer is running in a car. He doesn't know how many hours I have been running on two legs. Before resting, I have to refuel and run." Some scolded: "Such an endless dam, I have to break my legs and I can't finish it." The unbearable words can be heard along the way, but Du can only pretend not to hear , to urge the troops to advance. After Du Yuming arrived in Suizhong, he ordered the troops to stop for 4 days to make up.At the same time, various methods are used to spy on the CCP’s intelligence.It was learned that the troops of the Jire-Liao Military Region were still in front of them, and Lin Biao's main force had arrived near a town in the northwest of Suizhong from Rehe, and some commanders and fighters had called the Suizhong Telephone Bureau to understand the situation.The call was intercepted by the senior intelligence staff of the Kuomintang Army. While pretending to be the Eighth Route Army's set of intelligence, he reported the situation to Du.Du Yuming made up his mind to attack quickly with the main force before the main force of the communist army was assembled, and occupied the three key points of Xingcheng, Jinxi and Huludao in one day. Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram to commend him, encouraging him to "destroy the communist army and complete the task of regaining the Northeast." Du Yuming attacked Jinzhou again.At this time, the CCP withdrew in a planned way, with only some outposts fighting in the middle, and the Kuomintang army entered Jinzhou on the morning of the 26th. Du Yuming succeeded frequently, arrogantly and arrogantly. In early March 1946, the main force of the New 22nd Division of the New Sixth Army of the Kuomintang captured Xiaozhaimen, Santaizi, Qitaizi and other places in the southeast of Liaodong.The 14th Division advanced to the vicinity of Damintun in the west of Shenyang, the 207th Division advanced to the vicinity of Gongzhutun in the northwest of Shenyang; the 2nd Division of the 52nd Army advanced to the vicinity of Huanggutun in the west of Shenyang, and stationed in Tiexi District The twenty-fifth division of the company got in touch. On March 10, the Kuomintang army learned that the Soviet army would withdraw from Shenyang on the 13th, but it did not receive an official notice from the Soviet army.The 52nd Army of the Kuomintang Army, which had reached the west of Shenyang, used the contact of the Shenyang Advance Command Post and secret reconnaissance in plainclothes to discover that the Soviet army was retreating, that is, they all entered Shenyang City, occupied the Hunhe Iron Bridge in the south, and captured Beiling Airfield in the north. , and used cars to transport the Fourth Regiment of the Second Division to occupy Hongtun, Shanli, and another to capture Bajiazi.Zhao Gongwu, the commander of the 52nd Army, also served as the commander of the Shenyang Garrison District.At the same time, the 50th Division of the New First Army also occupied Ping'an Fort in the west of Shenyang. The Kuomintang army took over Shenyang. Except for important machines in the Shenyang Tiexi Industrial Zone and the Shenyang Arsenal being removed by the Soviet army, the city's water, electricity, and communication equipment were all intact.At that time, the industrial and commercial circles and residents of Shenyang City were under the cruel rule of the enemy and the puppet for 14 years. The Kuomintang army could take over Shenyang safely and smoothly. However, as a ballad circulating at the time put it: Think of the center, look forward to the center, The central government suffered even more. People say that the Kuomintang accepts senior officials as "five sons enrolling in the imperial examination", and they accept all the seats, houses, cars, tickets, and women of Japanese and puppet officials. After the Kuomintang entered Shenyang, the receiving officials began their so-called "orthodox" rule. On March 13, the Kuomintang authorities forcibly disbanded the Shenyang Sino-Soviet Friendship Association, destroyed the Xinhua Daily, took away the machine, seized the "Cultural Herald", and ordered the arrest of editors. After the Shenyang Sino-Soviet Friendship Association was established, it founded the "Cultural Herald", which was very popular with the people of Shenyang.Pan Hannian, who was in charge of cultural work and united front work in Northeast China, recommended Ms. Han Youtong, a member of the Democratic League, as the editor-in-chief, and invited Han Liru, Han's fellow villager, president of the Shenyang Bank branch, and former Secretary-General of Ma Zhanshan, as the newspaper's president. After the Kuomintang army occupied Shenyang, my underground staff in the lurking police station told: "The enemy is going to kill the "Cultural Herald" personnel, and you should transfer immediately." The comrades burned the documents and left quickly.But Yu Danmin, who had studied at Nanman Medical University, was in charge of the economic work of the newspaper and was busy paying wages. He was captured by the enemy, tortured and sacrificed in prison. On March 17, the peace petition group from Tieling County came to Shenyang to appeal to the Kuomintang authorities for peace and to eliminate the atmosphere of civil war, and were arrested immediately. The Kuomintang organized the remnants of the Japanese and puppet military and police into 10 police brigades. In addition, Wang Dan, a member of the Xi'an war cadres, recruited local ruffians to gather to "build the army" and run rampant in and out of the city, taking advantage of the common people. The KMT municipal government promoted Baojia organization. The Kuomintang government expropriated 20 million catties of rice as military rations from Shenyang City. The Northeast Chief Command of the Kuomintang ordered 5,000 soldiers to be recruited in Shenyang, but it was not yet enough until the end of September. The Kuomintang Shenyang Garrison Headquarters ordered that the masses of the people are not allowed to assemble and form associations, processions, demonstrations, and restrict people's freedom. The Kuomintang municipal authorities held "elections" for members of the provisional council, and frauds abounded.There was a joint guarantee with more than 20 people present, and the elected candidate received 108 votes. The Kuomintang authorities reorganized the Shenyang People's Self-Defense Force, which was originally reorganized into the Northeast Security Third Regiment, into the "Shenyang City People's Self-Defense Force", and established brigades and squadrons in the district and joint protection groups, and included all men aged 18 to 45 in the city.At the end of the month, the household registration was checked door by door in the whole city, and the "National Temporary ID Card" was issued.Military police check pedestrians on the street. According to statistics, there are many miscellaneous taxes in Shenyang. In addition to paying normal taxes, there are more than 10 types of donations for condolences, joint defense, and police defense. The Kuomintang government adopted the method of exchanging currency for land tax, discounting 3 yuan per catty of sorghum, adding 2 yuan for local demobilization and self-defense funds, and levying 900 yuan for each land, and some areas even reached 2,000 yuan.Some farmers do not have enough grain to pay taxes and cannot make a living. All industries in Shenyang City withered, but one industry thrived alone.According to the annual report of the Kuomintang municipal government, there are 210 brothels in the urban area, with 1,039 registered prostitutes. The Kuomintang officials lived a life of luxury, debauchery and corruption by plundering the people's fat and anointing. During the Kuomintang's occupation of Shenyang, production was severely damaged, a large number of workers lost their jobs, prices soared, and the people were in dire straits.According to statistics, in addition to some military factories for production in the factories received by the Kuomintang, only 54 of the 429 civilian industrial factories started operations. By June 1948, the number had decreased to about 40.Of the 16 factories producing daily necessities managed by the Kuomintang city government, only 11 were in operation.As for privately run factories, due to insufficient raw materials and lack of electricity, most of them are in a state of shutdown, and a large number of technicians live on the streets, making a living as hawkers. The Kuomintang government implemented the Baojia system in Shenyang, governing and exploiting the people with the "Union Baolian Sitting Law". The people have no democracy and freedom.The lives of the working people are very miserable. Widows, widows, lonely, blind, deaf, dumb, and disabled are neglected. Many people beg along the street. In the cold winter, those who starve to death or freeze to death on the street are transported out of more than 20 people every day. corpse. The economy is heading for collapse, bringing great disaster to the people of Shenyang.Due to the excessive issuance of currency, before 1947, three currencies (counterfeit currency, Red Army tickets, and Northeast Circulation Notes) were circulated in the market at the same time, and there was a serious shortage of supplies, causing prices to soar.According to statistics on the prices of 35 items, December 1946 was 68 times higher than August 1945, and after 1947 prices rose from every day to every day.Industry and commerce closed down, and the number of unemployed workers increased day by day. There were 490,000 people in the city living in extreme poverty. At that time, a survey report on the daily life of 301 households in Shibao, Beiling District recorded: 4 first-class households ate beans, noodles and wheat, and 2 meals a day; 101 second-class households, ate bean cakes, 2 meals a day; 108 households eat bean curd residue and green vegetables, two meals a day; 50 fourth-class households eat bran, two meals a day, and 38 fifth-class households beg daily. As for "those who sell their sons and daughters can be seen everywhere; the incident of hanging a beam into a river is heard every day."The mayor of the Kuomintang Shenyang had to admit in the May 1948 speech: "Since the beginning of spring, prices have soared" and "the people's livelihood is suffering, and this is the extreme." In order to survive, the people rushed to the liberated areas one after another, eagerly looking forward to the early liberation of Shenyang. Shenyang, who will win?People will wait and see.