Shenyang is the largest city in Northeast China. It is located in the south of Songliao Plain. It is the capital of Liaoning Province and the political, economic and military center of Northeast China.The urban area is about 8,500 square kilometers, and the population in 1948 was about 1.8 million.It is one of the famous heavy industry bases in the country and one of the important railway transportation hubs in the country. Shenyang is an ancient city with a long history.As far back as 7200 years ago, there were human activities here.At that time, it was a place with dense forests, no one in the grass, and swamps. The Hun River ran from east to southwest.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Donghu, one of the northern minorities, lived here.They are brave and powerful, good at riding and shooting. According to the records of "Historical Records", in 300 BC, the Yan State in the north sent a general Qin Kai to march into Liaodong, defeated the Donghu people, obtained their territory for more than a thousand miles, and traveled from Zaoyang (now Huailai County, Hebei) to Xiangdong. Ping (now Liaoyang City, Liaoning) built the Great Wall to prevent the Donghu people from making a comeback.Yan State established five counties in these places, including Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong, and Shenyang was in Liaodong County. "Liao, far away, is named because it is far to the east of Kyushu." In ancient poems, Liaodong, Liaohai, and Liaoyang all refer to the Liaoshen area. Poems such as "Recalling Liaoyang in Ten Years of Expedition" and "Chunshui Sheng in Liaoyang" are the portrayal of the historical scenery of this area.

In the 10th century A.D., the Khitan nationality rose up, and the founding of the country was called Liao.Yelu Abaoji, Taizu of the Liao Dynasty, set up Shenzhou, built a Tucheng, and set up Lejiao County in the old city. At the end of the Liao Dynasty, the Jurchen clan rose. In 1116, Jin Taizu Wanyanman led the army to conquer Shenzhou, abolished Xingzhou, Guangzhou and Liaozhou built in the Liao Dynasty, and assigned all their areas to Shenzhou, which belonged to Dongdong Road.In the Jin Dynasty, Shenzhou had five counties under its jurisdiction.At the end of Jin Dynasty, Tucheng was destroyed by war.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Shenzhou was changed to Shenyang Road, and the Tucheng was rebuilt, and it was under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang and other places under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu Province.Because it is located in the north of Shenshui (Hunhe River), according to the traditional view of azimuth in ancient China, "the north of the mountain is yin, and the north of water is yang", so it is named Shenyang after "the yang of sinking water".Since then, the name "Shenyang" has officially appeared in history and is still in use today. The Ming Dynasty successively established five guards in Shenyang: Shenyang Zhongwei, Shenyang Zuowei, Shenyang Right Guard, Shenyang Zhongwei, and Shenyang Zhongtunwei.Later, there was only one Shenyang Zhongwei left, under the jurisdiction of Fushun and Puhe Offices.The brick city in Shenyang was built in the 21st year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1388). It was built on the original site of the Tucheng in the Yuan Dynasty. There are two streets in the city, east-west and north-south, which cross in a cross shape and lead to the four-hole city gate.

Nurhachi unified the Jurchen ministries and established the "Great Jin" (Later Jin) regime.Nurhachi conquered Shenyang and Liaoyang successively, and later moved the capital to Shenyang.Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne for Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty and set out to transform the Zhongwei City in Shenyang in the Ming Dynasty.The city wall was increased by one foot, and there were eight gate towers and four turrets on the city. The city gates were also increased to eight holes, and the streets in the city changed from a cross shape to a "well" shape.Changed the name of Shenyang to "Moukedun", which means prosperity in Manchu, and "Shengjing, the descendant of heaven" in Chinese.From then on, Shenyang was renamed Shengjing. In 1636, Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to "Qing", and officially became the emperor. Since then, the Qing Dynasty has been officially established in Shenyang.The Ming Dynasty fell, and the Qing regime moved its capital to Beijing.Since then, Shengjing has become the accompanying capital, also known as the "Liudu".After the Qing Dynasty unified the whole country, Fengtian Mansion was established in Shengjing City.

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Shenyang became the home of Zhang Zuolin, a Feng faction warlord. After Zhang Xueliang changed his banner in the Northeast, Shenyang became the political center of the Northeast. The sorghum leaves were green and green, and the Japanese soldiers came on September 18.The gunpowder depot was occupied first, and then the North Camp. The Chinese army had several million troops, and they respectfully surrendered the city of Shenyang.On the night of September 18, 1931, Japanese imperialism brazenly launched a war of aggression in Liutiaogou, Shenyang.Under Chiang Kai-shek's "non-resistance" order, Shenyang fell at 6:30 am on the 19th. More than four months later, the major cities and communication lines in the three northeastern provinces were all occupied by Japanese troops.Shenyang City was forcibly changed to Fengtian City. On August 9, 1945, the Soviet Union sent troops to the Northeast. On August 15, Japan announced its unconditional surrender.

At 1:15 p.m. on August 19, 1945, 225 members of the advance team of the Second Guards Tank Army of the Transbaikal Front Army of the Soviet Union parachuted at Shenyang Airport and arrested Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and Emperor of the Puppet Manchukuo who was about to flee to Japan at the airport. . On August 20, the Soviet army entered Shenyang and set up a garrison headquarters headed by Kafton and Stankevich to take over Japanese and puppet agencies and occupy important targets such as airports, railways, radio stations, newspaper offices, and post and telecommunications.

When the Soviet Red Army sent troops to the Northeast, Mao Zedong in Yan'an was also watching the Northeast region on the map. The strategic position of the Northeast is too important. The Northeast has a vast territory, rich products, developed industries, and convenient transportation. It is known as "Linhai" and "Houcang".It borders the Soviet Union to the north, Mongolia to the west, and North Korea to the east.If the CCP can control the Northeast, it will have a strong economic strength, and it can also be connected with the North China base area, which has far-reaching strategic significance for establishing a solid base area and expanding the liberated areas.Mao Zedong said that from the perspective of the development of our party and the recent and future prospects of the Chinese revolution, the Northeast is particularly important.As long as we have the Northeast, the Chinese revolution will have a solid foundation.

Mao Zedong was a great strategist, good at observing and considering problems from the overall and long-term perspective, and good at grasping favorable opportunities at historical turning points. Before and after Mao Zedong went to Chongqing to participate in the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China determined the strategic method of "developing to the north and defending to the south" and decided to send 100,000 troops to seize the Northeast.The first CCP troops to enter the Northeast and reach Shenyang was the Zeng Kelin Department of the Jireliao Military Region.

Beginning in mid-August, the Jireliao Military Region under the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region established the "Eastern Advance Committee" and the "Front Command Post" headed by Li Yunchang, the commander of the military region, and divided the troops preparing to enter the Northeast into Eastern and Central On August 17, the advance troops of the West Third Route began to march to the northeast under the command of Li Yunchang.The 12th and 18th Regiments of the 16th Military Division of the East Road Army have a total of nearly 2,000 people. Under the leadership of the division commander Zeng Kelin, starting from the Funing area in eastern Hebei, walking in the forefront, and cooperating with the Soviet Red Army to conquer Shanhaiguan, Xingcheng, Suizhong, Jinzhou, Beizhen and other cities, and arrived in Shenyang on September 6 .

They were looking forward to the warm scene of a victorious meeting with the "Big Brother" of the Soviet Red Army. However, to their surprise, the "Big Brother" of the Soviet Red Army stationed in Shenyang treated them coldly.The Soviet army initially refused to allow them to get out of the vehicle. They were surprised and suspicious of the sudden appearance of this team wearing unmarked homespun military uniforms and holding outdated weapons.Division commander Zeng Kelin, Zhang Huadong, and Liu Yunpeng took their staff officers to the Soviet Shenyang Garrison Headquarters to negotiate. Major General Kafdon, the commander of the garrison, asked arrogantly: "What kind of army are you? Where did you come from? Who told you to come?" Zeng Kelin said to him calmly: "We are a team of the Communist Party of China. The Eighth Route Army led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De is an army that insists on resisting Japan in the Jireliao region. northeast." Kafton replied: "According to the Yalta Agreement and the Sino-Soviet Treaty, the Supreme Command will not allow you to enter Shenyang." Zeng Kelin immediately retorted: "You have the Supreme Command, and we also have the Supreme Command. Our Supreme Command is Mao Zedong and Zhu De. We came to Shenyang on their orders. To leave Shenyang, we need an order from the Yan'an headquarters. " Kafudong made a big noise and disagreed with the Eighth Route Army stationing in Shenyang.Zeng Kelin went back to the train station to study the situation with Tang Kai, the deputy political commissar, and everyone agreed that they must fight the Soviet army with reason.So Zeng Kelin and others negotiated with Kafudong for the second time, but Kafudong still insisted not to let him get off the car. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon of the same day, Zeng Kelin and Tang Kai went to the Soviet Garrison Headquarters for the third time.This time the two were tough.Seeing Kafudong, Tang Kai stretched out his arm, pointed to the sickle, ax and five-pointed star tattoo on his arm after joining the revolution, and said repeatedly: "The Communist Party, Mao Zedong! The Communist Party, Mao Zedong!" At this time, a A political cadre named Glassenko, this person has a kind attitude and is more experienced in handling affairs. Zeng and Tang said to them: "We are the Eighth Route Army led by the Communist Party and Mao Zedong. We are carrying out the order of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De to go to the northeast to cooperate with you in fighting together. We have already fought with you in Shanhaiguan, and we will fight with you in Jinzhou again." The troops join forces. Jireliao is our anti-Japanese base area. We have persisted in the anti-Japanese war here for a long time. If you don’t let us come, who will come? If you don’t believe it, you can send a telegram to Moscow.” After hearing what they said, they felt it was reasonable, and finally agreed to get off the bus, but they had to go to Sujiatun, 30 miles away from Shenyang City.Despite this, the three negotiations with the Soviet army finally came to fruition. In the evening, the troops received an order to get off the vehicle, and more than 2,000 people quickly assembled neatly. The soldiers had bayonets on their guns, and the team looked mighty and majestic. News of the Eighth Route Army's arrival in Shenyang quickly spread, and crowds of workers, students, and citizens flocked to the streets to welcome them.Crowds lined the squares and streets.A native of Shenyang, who had been a subjugated slave for 14 years, finally saw the Chinese army.When the troops lined up in four columns and marched along the street singing the "March of the Eighth Route Army", the masses cheered and embraced, like holding a parade to celebrate the victory and liberation.The Soviet army led by two armored vehicles. When the Soviet army saw so many ordinary people spontaneously welcoming the Chinese army, they had to look at this army with admiration.The Shenyang Soviet Garrison Headquarters changed its original attitude and sent two colonels in a jeep to stop the team on the way and said, "You don't want to go to Sujiatun, but live along the small river east of the Forbidden City in the urban area."So, the troops marched in neat steps, singing songs, and walked towards Xiaoheyan station.Many people lined the road to welcome them until the troops were stationed and refused to leave. That night, the political deputy commander of the Shenyang Garrison Command of the Soviet Army, Grasenko, sent someone to the city hall building to find Tang Kai, the deputy political commissar, and went to the Soviet Army Command for talks.They first asked some information about the Chinese Communist Party and the Eighth Route Army, and the proportion of party members in the army.Tang Kai answered fluently.It may be that they are all of us with the same ideology, and the atmosphere of the conversation between the two parties is very harmonious. One day later, that is, on the afternoon of September 7, the Sixth Guards Tank Army, the highest Soviet command in Shenyang, sent two colonels and officers to Zeng Kelin and Tang Kai. When they met, they said, "Stalin and Molotov are here." Telegram, you are indeed the troops of Mao Zedong and the Communist Party, please go to the headquarters of your two generals." Zeng Kelin and Tang Kai arrived at the Soviet Army headquarters. General Kravchenko, commander of the Sixth Guards Tank Army under the Post-Baikal Front Army, and Lieutenant General Du Manning, the military commissar, were waiting there. The chief and the military committee members were all present. Kravchenko first said: "You came to Shenyang, but we didn't go to the station to welcome you. I'm sorry. This is mainly due to the restrictions of the Sino-Soviet treaty." Zeng Kelin immediately explained the situation: "In the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, we have always insisted on being at the forefront to fight against the Japanese invaders. Jireliao is where our army fought. This time we will go out and join forces with your troops to cooperate in the battle and open the Shanhaiguan Pass. Our army." Higashino Tang Kai, who was on the march, added: "It is precisely because we persisted in the struggle in this area that we came so quickly. Chiang Kai-shek resisted passively and hid in the rear. They couldn't get here so quickly." After listening to their introduction, the Soviet generals were very happy. Kravchenko said: "We don't call you generals anymore, we call you comrades, we talk like comrades." Comrade, this word was hailed as the most beautiful word by the great Soviet writer Gorky, so that the Soviet Red Army and the Eighth Route Army, both led by the Communist Party, shook hands and talked happily. Then, the two sides reached a consensus on how the Eighth Route Army would cooperate with the Soviet Army and how to eliminate enemy and puppet armed forces in various places.With the consent of the Soviet Army, the Eighth Route Army also established the Shenyang Garrison Headquarters, and issued a public security notice to take charge of public security in the city. The change in the Soviet Army's attitude towards the Eighth Route Army entering the Northeast was of great significance to the continued advance of the CCP-led armed forces into the Northeast.It is a pity that the Eighth Route Army that entered Shenyang carried low power radios and could not communicate with Yan'an, so they could not pass this important news to Yan'an.Just at this time, Marshal Malinovsky, the commander-in-chief of the Far East Soviet Army stationed in Changchun, also contacted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.The Soviet army specially dispatched a plane, and Zeng Kelin accompanied the representatives of the Soviet army to take off from Beiling Airport and fly to Yan'an. On September 14, the plane of the Soviet Army arrived at Yan'an Airport. In the afternoon, Zeng Kelin met with Liu Shaoqi and other comrades in charge of the central government, and reported in detail their entry into the Northeast.It is said that in the Shenyang area "it is very easy to expand the army, there are hundreds of people in every call, and there are a large number of puppet military and police forces waiting to be reorganized"; "the small cities and villages are unmanaged"; The people are all new equipment, and there are Zeng departments stationed in every city from Shanhaiguan to Shenyang. Zeng led 4 companies to Shenyang for a week, and then developed to 4,000 people, and reorganized more than 10,000 security forces"; "Originally worked hard in the Northeast About 10,000 to 20,000 people have been captured by the Eighth Route Army, and several groups of Eighth Route guerrillas have been organized and entered Changchun." The (department) has guarded all important factories and warehouses in Shenyang, and it is said that there are hundreds of thousands of guns, thousands of cannons, and countless ammunition, cloth, and food." The representative of the Soviet Army conveyed the greetings from Marshal Malinovsky, Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Army in the Far East to Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, and stated that the Soviet Army would abide by the Yalta Agreement. The representative of the Soviet army said that the CCP troops entering Shenyang openly displayed the banner of the Eighth Route Army, which would have international influence and bring diplomatic troubles to the Soviet Union. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China stated that it is not necessary to enter the Northeast in the name of the Communist Party or the Eighth Route Army. On September 15, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China officially issued a decision to the party to develop the Northeast base area, stating: "At present, our party's task in the Northeast is to quickly and resolutely win over the Northeast and develop our party's powerful strength in the Northeast." The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also stipulated that when entering the border of Manchuria, one must not be discovered by the Red Army, Britain, the United States, and the Kuomintang, and one must not pass through places where the Red Army is stationed; And get their help, but can only use the Northeast local regular troops and irregular troops (such as the Northeast People's Autonomous Army, XX Provincial Defense Army, Security Brigade, County, District, Township Team, Workers' Self-Defense Force, etc.) and the face of the non-Communist Party , in order to formally take over with the Red Army command organization and obtain all kinds of help from the Red Army.If it is impossible for the troops to enter Manchuria, they will put down their weapons and military uniforms, and drive to near Shenyang as laborers or refugees to be equipped again. The Kuomintang has a weak foundation in the Northeast and Recha provinces, and now land routes are impassable, and sea and air transportation is difficult. Therefore, the situation in the Northeast is extremely beneficial to the development of the CCP, and it is "a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity."Based on this, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China immediately decided to send Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, Ye Jizhuang, Wu Xiuquan, Duan Zijun, Mo Chunhe and other comrades to the Northeast on the morning of September 15th with a Soviet aircraft coming to Yan'an.In order to facilitate exchanges with the Soviet Army, Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, and Ye Jizhuang were awarded the rank of lieutenant general, Wu Xiuquan was awarded the rank of major general, and Duan Zijun and Mo Chunhe (reporting, translating) were awarded the rank of colonel. The appointment letters were written in Chinese and Russian. . Due to poor pilot skills, he had not yet flown to Shenyang. When he landed in Shanhaiguan to refuel, he fell into a rice field with the tail facing the sky.Passengers turned over to the front cabin together with their luggage.Peng Zhen suffered a concussion.Fortunately, Chen Yun was hit into the cab and was not injured.Ye Jizhuang was the most seriously injured. He was lying on the ground and was carried out of the plane on a stretcher.Wu Xiuquan, Duan Zijun and Mo Chunhe were slightly injured.The aircraft was severely damaged and could not continue to fly.The group had no choice but to be properly cared for and arranged by Zhu Qiwen, the local person in charge, and went to Shenyang by train instead. On August 24, 1945, a US military transport plane left Yan'an. More than 20 people including Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi, and Lin Biao were on board this plane.They were ordered by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to go to their respective combat positions.The plane landed at Dongyang Airport in the Taihang Mountains. These people rested at the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army for a day, and Liu Deng entertained others as a landlord.Then the others set off on foot again.Chen Yi returned to the New Fourth Army as acting commander.Lin Biao, Xiao Jinguang, Jiang Hua, Deng Hua, Li Tianyou, Nie Heting and others were originally scheduled to go to the Shandong base area, and Lin Biao replaced Luo Ronghuan as the commander of the Shandong Military Region.When they walked to Puyang, Henan, they received a telegram from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China asking them to divert to the northeast immediately.The military order was urgent, and despite the continuous autumn rain and muddy roads, they traveled northward day and night, arrived at Shanhaiguan in early October, and then took a train to Shenyang in mid-October. Some people say that Lin Biao went to the Northeast at his own request.Historically this has been irrelevant.Lin Biao entered the Whampoa Military Academy in 1925 and participated in the Northern Expedition and the Nanchang Uprising. At the age of 25, he became the head of the First Army Corps of the Red Army. When the Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937, he commanded the Eighth Route Army's first battle at Pingxingguan, which severely damaged the Japanese army, and his reputation spread far and wide.Lin Biao was scheming.Compared with the Northeast, Shandong is too small, and the Northeast can provide him with a vast space to display his military talents.He lived in the Soviet Union for a while, and he was able to establish a good relationship with the Soviet military. In short, regardless of the decision of the central government or his personal proposal, it was necessary and correct for Lin Biao to go to the Northeast. Luo Ronghuan, commander and political commissar of the Shandong Military Region, also went to the Northeast according to the Central Telegraph.Luo Ronghuan has been engaged in the party's political work in the army since 1927, and served as a political commissar of the 115th Division during the Anti-Japanese War.At this time, Luo Ronghuan had suffered from kidney cancer for many years, and his body could hardly support him.On the eve of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the central government had planned to let him return to Yan'an to recuperate and treat his illness.Now, for the sake of the liberation of the Northeast, he doesn't think about recuperation anymore. On October 24, under the care of his wife Lin Yueqin, Luo Ronghuan set off from Linyi and arrived in Zhucheng the next day.Since Jiao County was occupied by the Kuomintang troops, the roads were impassable and they could not take a car, so they had to march on foot.Luo Ronghuan sat on a stretcher due to illness. During a marching break, Luo Ronghuan had blood in his urine, and a young soldier saw it and said in surprise: "Blood!" Luo Ronghuan looked at him kindly, shook his head with a smile and said, "Little devil, don't shout! The soldiers bleed and die." I don't care, what does it matter if I pee a little blood!" Luo Ronghuan traveled day and night with illness like this. On November 5, they crossed the sea in a small steamboat from Longkou, Huangxian County. When they were approaching Lushunkou, they encountered a Soviet patrol boat for inspection.Luo Ronghuan and his party were dressed in plain clothes and pretended to be businessmen.The Soviet Army repeatedly interrogated, with an outrageous attitude, and after several explanations to no avail, Luo Ronghuan found a photo with Mao Zedong in Yan'an. The Soviet captain recognized Mao Zedong, and then let him go.Luo Ronghuan originally wanted to land in Dalian, but the Soviet army refused, so he had to bypass Dalian Bay and land in Piziwo. It was very difficult to take the train at that time, and they had to wait for two days before finally waiting for a stuffy tanker truck to deliver the goods.The carriage was full of horse manure and fodder. Everyone cleaned the carriage, spread the horse harness, put down the backpack, and sat in the stuffy tank car.When a comrade smelled horse manure in the air, he said: "When you arrive in the Northeast, you still take this train!" Luo Ronghuan said: "Taking the train is much faster than walking. Fighting. From now on, I will still have to walk on two legs.” On the afternoon of November 13, Luo Ronghuan rushed to Shenyang, immediately reported to the Northeast Bureau, and met with Peng Zhen and Lin Biao. Tao Zhu was originally scheduled to go south with the army to the enemy-occupied area of ​​Huguang to open up work.When the group walked to Henan, Zhao Donghuan, commander of the Ninth Division of Hebei, Shandong and Henan, entertained them with Daokou roast chicken and Yigou wine.At this time, he suddenly received a telegram from the central government, asking him to go to work in the Northeast as soon as possible.He, his wife Zeng Zhi and other 17 people traveled day and night to the northeast and arrived in Shenyang in early October. Led by Lin Feng, nearly 2,000 cadres drawn from the Central Party School and other units were organized into 4 brigades to form a cadre regiment. They set off from Yan'an in mid-September, passing through Northwest Shanxi, Chahar, Gubeikou, Chengde and other places. After dozens of miles and hundreds of miles, they competed with the Kuomintang army in a "big race" to seize the Northeast, and arrived in Shenyang in early October. In addition, according to Zhou Enlai's instructions, Gao Chongmin, Yan Baohang and other patriotic democrats originally from the Northeast returned to the Northeast from Chongqing and other Kuomintang-controlled areas. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is eager to enter the Northeast. At the end of September, the central government issued several instructions one after another, emphasizing that "the time is extremely urgent" and that "advancing troops and transporting cadres to the northeast and eastern Hebei is a strategic action that concerns the overall situation of the country at present, and it will play a decisive role in the future struggle of our party and the Chinese people. At present Time is everything. A day's delay is a day's loss." "There is no room for delay." At the beginning, Shandong troops crossed the sea slowly due to the difficulties of ships. On September 31, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a special call to criticize: "It is a big mistake to be so slow in crossing the sea. If it is not remedied immediately, it will not escape the punishment of history." From August to the end of December 1945, the units transferred from the Guannei Liberated Area to the Northeast were as follows: Li Yunchang, the commander and political commissar of the Jireliao Military Region under the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region, led 5 regiments and 1 detachment. Zeng Kelin, the commander of the 16th Military Division of the military region, and Tang Kai, the deputy political commissar, led 2 regiments. A total of more than 4,900 people arrived in Jinzhou , Shenyang and Benxi areas.More than 1,500 members of the 31st Regiment led by Chief of Staff Shake of the Jizhong Military Region arrived in Jinzhou in early October. Wan Yi, deputy commander of the Binhai Navy District and head of the Binhai Detachment under the Shandong Military Region, served as the commander of the column, and Zhou Chiping served as the political commissar. Under the jurisdiction of 2 detachments and 4 regiments, 3,500 people arrived at the Liaodong Peninsula by sea. Feng, Xifeng area. Xiao Hua led about 1,000 personnel from some agencies of the Shandong Military Region and troops directly under it, landed at Laohutan in Dalian, and arrived in Anton in early October.The Fifth Division and the Sixth Division of the Shandong Military Region each had two regiments of about 10,000 people. Under the leadership of Wu Kehua, the commander of the Fifth Division, and Peng Jiaqing, the political commissar, they arrived at the Liaodong Peninsula by sea, and all of them entered the Yingkou area on October 24.The 7th Division of the Shandong Military Region, under the leadership of the division commander and the commander of the Bohai Navy Region Yang Guofu, arrived in the east of Jidong by land and stationed in the Shanhaiguan area in late October. Enter the Gubeikou area of ​​Hebei Province, and then reach the northeast. The above-mentioned 6 regiments of Yang Guofu and Liu Qiren, together with 1 battalion led by Huang Ronghai, have a total of more than 12,000 people.More than 7,500 people from the Second Division of the Shandong Military Region, led by division commander Luo Huasheng and political commissar Liu Xingyuan, entered the Liaodong Peninsula by sea and arrived in the Zhuanghe and Anshan areas south of Shenyang in early January. More than 7,500 people from the First Division of the Shandong Military Region, led by division commander Liang Xingchu and political commissar Liang Biye, arrived in the Jinzhou area of ​​western Liaoning by land in mid-November.More than 8,300 members of the Third Division of the Shandong Military Region and 4,000 members of the Third Luzhong Police Brigade were led by Luo Shunchu, the political commissar of the Luzhong Military Region, and Hu Qicai, the commander of the Third Garrison Brigade, respectively. They arrived in Liaodong Peninsula by sea and arrived in Liaoyang and Anshan in early February area.The Jiaodong Military Region Naval Detachment (also known as Tian Song Detachment, which was organized by the Weihai Puppet Navy Uprising led by Zheng Daoji in 1944) had more than 1,000 people. Under the leadership of the detachment leader Tian Song, they arrived at Liaodong Peninsula by sea and transferred to Mudanjiang in mid-November area.There were also 4,000 troops directly under the Shandong Military Region and government agencies and a local armed force that entered the Northeast successively, stationed in Andong and Shenyang respectively.The Shandong Military Region was ordered to enter the northeast of the troops, a total of 8 divisions (brigades), 3 detachments, a total of more than 60,000 people. The Third Division of the New Fourth Army in the Central China Liberated Area, led by division commander and political commissar Huang Kecheng, deputy division commanders Liu Zhen, and Hong Xuezhi (also chief of staff), set off from Huai'an, Jiangsu Province on September 28 and arrived in Jinzhou in late November.The division has more than 6,900 people in the seventh brigade, more than 7,000 people in the eighth brigade, more than 8,000 people in the tenth brigade, and 6,000 people in the independent brigade. There are also more than 7,100 people in the first, second, and third special agent regiments directly under the division. The total strength of the division is 3.5 More than ten thousand people. More than 3,000 people led by Yan Fusheng, deputy political commissar of the 359th Brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Jinsui Joint Defense Force, and Liu Zhuanlian, chief of staff, arrived in Benxi and Fushun at the end of October 1945.More than 600 members of the 32nd Regiment led by Lu Zhengcao, commander of the Shanxi-Sui Military Region, arrived in Shenyang in mid-October. The First Teaching Brigade and the Second Teaching Brigade led by Huang Yongsheng, commander of the Second Teaching Brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shandong-Sui Joint Defense Army, and one regiment each of the Teaching Second Brigade, and Wen Niansheng, the commander of the First Security Brigade, led the brigade with more than 3,000 people. Arrived at Rehe at the end of the month and was incorporated into the Reliao column. Later, the column commander Huang Yongsheng led his troops to Jinzhou. The Anti-Japanese Military and Political University and the Artillery School directly under the Yan'an Headquarters also entered the Northeast from the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. A total of more than 2,000 people arrived in Tonghua City at the end of December.In addition, more than 1,500 members of the 21st Regiment of the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region also entered the Northeast one after another.A total of 110,000 troops entered the Northeast from within the pass. The People's Liberation Army approached Shenyang through the Juliuhe Bridge in Xinmin County. About 20,000 party, government and military cadres (including cadres at all levels who were preparing to establish 100 regiments) sent to the Northeast from the liberated areas in Guanzhong also arrived in the Northeast one after another.A total of 130,000 troops and various cadres have entered the Northeast. In order to strengthen leadership and unify command, on September 14, 1945, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, Cheng Zihua, Wu Xiuquan, and Lin Feng as members, and Peng Zhen as secretary. The Plenipotentiary represents the Central Committee to guide all party organizations and party members' activities in the Northeast, and all party organizations and party members in the Northeast must accept its leadership."In addition to sending Politburo members Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, Gao Gang, and Zhang Wentian to work in the Northeast, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Lin Biao, Li Fuchun, Li Lisan, Luo Ronghuan, Lin Feng, Cai Chang, Wang Jiaxiang, Huang Kecheng, Wang Shoudao, Tan Zheng, Cheng Zihua, Wan Yi, Gu Dacun, Chen Yu, Lu Zhengcao, Xiao Jinguang, etc. On September 18, Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, Wu Xiuquan, Ye Jizhuang and other comrades from the Northeast Bureau arrived in Shenyang safely.That night, Peng Zhen, Chen Yun and others lived in the original Zhang Zuolin's Marshal's Mansion. On the 19th, the first enlarged meeting of the Northeast Bureau was held in the West Building.The meeting was chaired by Peng Zhen and Chen Yun, and 20 people including Wu Xiuquan, Ye Jizhuang, Li Yunchang, Zhu Qiwen, Zeng Kelin, Tang Kai, Duan Zijun, Liu Da, and Duan Suquan attended.At the meeting, Peng Zhen and Chen Yun conveyed the determination and strategic policy of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and determined the mission of the Northeast Bureau, which is to strive to control the entire Northeast, organize troops to take over the city, control the communication lines, and welcome a large number of cadres and troops sent by the Party Central Committee to the Northeast. Smash the Kuomintang's plan to seize the Northeast.The current task is to immediately collect the enemy's and puppet weapons, strengthen the work of suppressing bandits, and severely suppress traitors and enemy agents; stabilize social order and quickly resume production; Democratic governments at all levels; organize the masses in the countryside to fight against rape and hegemony, and reduce rent and interest; vigorously publicize the principles and policies of the CCP, and eliminate the influence of the Kuomintang. On September 23, Peng Zhen sent a power report from Shenyang to Yan'an: "Manchuria has very good development conditions. Now our army has grown from 2,000 to 47,000, and the former Liaoning Provincial Government has taken over all of them." The Northeast Bureau first focused on the construction of political power, and established party organizations and government agencies at the provincial and municipal levels in the occupied areas. Under the leadership of the Northeast Bureau, all aspects of work in Shenyang are also tense and orderly. On October 1, the Shenyang Sino-Soviet Friendship Association was established. On October 6, the Northeast Bureau sent Zhao Zhuohua to take over the pseudo-Fengtian Police Department and set up the Shenyang Public Security Bureau.The 11 sub-bureaus under the original municipal administration were reorganized into 8 sub-bureaus, and the public security brigade was established. On October 10, the democratic coalition government of Shenyang was established, with Bai Xiqing as mayor and Jiao Ruoyu as deputy mayor. At the same time, the Shenyang Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, with Tao Zhu and Huang Oudong serving as the chief and deputy secretaries respectively.The Shenyang City Action Committee was established, with Tao Zhu and Kong Yuan as the chief and deputy secretaries to strengthen the party's leadership over Shenyang. The Shenyang City Security Command was established, with Jiao Ruoyu as the deputy commander and Wang Yilun as the political commissar. It had 7 security brigades under its jurisdiction, including the Municipal Workers Training Corps, Zhuzhong and Puhe. Urban jobs depend on the working class and the toiling masses. Chen Yun, who has led the labor movement in the white areas for a long time and has rich experience in party organization, listened to the report of the person in charge of the labor movement group in Shenyang, and gave instructions: "Your working methods are not good. Small hands like the underground party in the white areas are engaged in , In which year and which month can the Shenyang City Federation of Trade Unions be established? Now is the time to compete with the Kuomintang for the world. We must seize the time and combine the work policy from top to bottom and bottom to top, carry out work resolutely, and strive to use In about ten days, the Shenyang City Federation of Trade Unions will be established first!" At the beginning of October, the Shenyang City Workers' Congress was held. More than 300 workers from various industries represented the Shenyang City Federation of Trade Unions.The Party Central Committee sent Chen Yu, a member of the Central Committee, from Yan'an to Shenyang to lead the labor movement in Shenyang and the entire Northeast in the name of a consultant to the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions.The trade union work in Shenyang flourished, and trade union branches in Dongguan, Tiexi, Beiguan, Nanguan, Huanggutun, Sujiatun and other areas were quickly established, as well as railway, arsenal, aircraft factory, foot, kiln, The tricycle native land industry trade union and grassroots work have developed a large number of members. At the same time that the Shenyang CCP established the City Federation of Trade Unions, the Kuomintang elements also organized two organizations, the "Northeast Workers' Association" and the "Workers' Self-Government Alliance".In some factories, two or three trade union organizations appeared at the same time, causing ideological confusion among the masses. The Northeast Bureau instructed the Shenyang City Federation of Trade Unions to hold high the banner of working class unity for liberation, take the initiative to negotiate with the heads of the two organizations, and merge the three trade union organizations.At this time, the Shenyang Weixu District Command of the Soviet Red Army issued a notice on the radio station, declaring that within the Soviet military area, all kinds of mass organizations must be approved by the Weixu Command to be legal.The Shenyang City Workers' Organization that has been approved and recognized is the Shenyang City Federation of Trade Unions. Any organization that has not been approved is illegal and must immediately stop its activities and revoke the organization.In this way, the three trade union organizations were unified in the Shenyang Federation of Trade Unions. On November 11, the "Declaration of Unity and Cooperation" was published in the "Northeast Daily", calling on the city's workers to mobilize urgently to fight for the defense of Northeast China and Shenyang. After the establishment of the Shenyang City Federation of Trade Unions, the higher-level Standing Committee decided to establish a 10,000-man armed force of workers in the name of the Armed Forces Department of the City Federation of Trade Unions to defend Shenyang and support the war.After obtaining the acquiescence of the Shenyang Garrison Headquarters of the Soviet Army, the Armed Minister of the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions served as the captain, Chen Yu served as the political commissar, and some army cadres were sent by the Northeast Bureau to serve as the deputy political commissar, deputy captain, and chief of staff. District, Dabei District, and Nanshi District established four detachment headquarters. The team members wore labor uniforms, wore Eighth Route Army caps, and wore the armband of "Shenyang City Federation of Trade Union Workers' Armed Training Team" printed in Chinese and Russian on their left arms. Allotment of guns, defense of factories and party institutions. In order to strengthen the construction of democracy, the first meeting of representatives from all walks of life in Shenyang was held in Chenxiangtun, south of the city. 82 representatives from all walks of life attended and about 500 people attended. Bai Xiqing and Jiao Ruoyu made reports respectively.The meeting passed a resolution: quickly promote democratic politics, and prepare for the election of the Shenyang City Council. Northeast Bank was established in Daxiguan, Shenyang (the former site of the Central Bank of Manchukuo), with Ye Jizhuang as its general manager.At the same time, Northeast local currency coupons are issued, with denominations of 1 yuan, 5 yuan, and 10 yuan. In November, the city's democratic coalition government allocated 8,000 tons of coal to meet the urgent needs of citizens.Another 2,000 tons of coal and 1.5 million catties of miscellaneous grains were allocated to provide free relief to refugees.Later, food was allocated many times to relieve refugees and Japanese overseas Chinese. When the CCP took over Shenyang, various Kuomintang organizations and armed spies also appeared in Shenyang; Li Guangchen established the "KMT Liaoning Provincial Party Headquarters"; Luo Qingchun (Luo Dayu) established the "Liaoning Provincial Party Headquarters"; Zhang Baoci established the "KMT Shenyang City Party Qi Juesheng, a special agent of the military reunification, assembled pseudo-police officers to set up the district party headquarters and the "iron and blood anti-rape group"; Wang Shulin himself served as the secretary-general of the Shenyang Sanqing League. The spies and gangsters appointed and instigated by Chiang Kai-shek in Shenyang City formed an underground army ready to move; Veteran cadres and veterans are black guns.In the evening, gunshots rang out everywhere, the streets were deserted, and the atmosphere was tense.The gangsters also threw grenades at the car of Provincial Chairman Zhang Xuesi on the street in an attempt to kill him.There was a troop of cadres who came to the Northeast. As soon as they entered the Shenyang Station, the cadres got off the train and the whole team was resting. One of them was killed by a silent pistol by the spies.The market is sluggish, commodities are scarce, prices are skyrocketing, people's hearts are unstable, and the situation is turbulent. The newly established Shenyang Municipal Public Security Bureau uncovered the "Three Youth League Action Committee" headed by the Puppet Manchukuo officer Wang Shulin, arrested more than 30 armed bandits specializing in assassination activities, and destroyed this counter-revolutionary organization. In late November, Li Guangchen, Secretary General of the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee of the Kuomintang, colluded with the Japanese Kwantung Army Colonel Nakagawa Nagasaku, and organized more than 1,000 bandits and Japanese hooligans to besiege the police station of the Public Security Bureau in an attempt to riot.The Shenyang Municipal Public Security Bureau crushed the riot in time.At the same time, the provincial and municipal Party headquarters of the Kuomintang were raided. In order to unify the designations of the troops entering the Northeast, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to organize the troops entering the Northeast from the pass and the Anti-Union Forces into the "Northeast People's Autonomous Army".罗荣桓为第二政委，程子华为副政委，吕正操、李运昌，周保中为副总司令，肖劲光为副总司令兼参谋长。至此，中国共产党在东北的党政军领导机构已经基本齐备。