Chapter 12 Chapter 11 The Peking Peace Talks Are Up and Down

Millions of people's Liberation Army troops gathered around Beiping, like iron hoops, tightly surrounding the Kuomintang troops in Beiping city.Fu Zuoyi was powerless to fight, had no way to escape, and was powerless to defend. He was completely desperate. 2 corps, 8 armies, and 25 divisions, with a total of more than 250,000 people, were tightly surrounded in the city of Beiping. Fu Zuoyi, who is sitting in a troubled city, is in urgent need of a decision as to where to go.Therefore, I think deeply and worry all day long, and often stay up all night, walking around the room alone, or wandering in front of the steps and porch.

At this time, Fu Zuoyi's biggest concern was that Chiang Kai-shek's direct line army under his command in Beiping City was nearly 10 times his direct line army.What if Jiang's direct troops don't obey the command to seek peace with the Communist Party?Will they squirm?Talking about peace with the Communist Party not only entails the risk of being rebellious by the central government, but also a little careless handling will lead to major chaos, and there is also the danger of smashing the ancient cultural capital of Beiping.Therefore, whether the Central Army can be stabilized is the key to the peace talks in Peking.

On December 14, the Northeast 5th Column of the People's Liberation Army captured Fengtai, and the 5th Column captured Xiangshan. Fu Zuoyi led the headquarters of the North China "Suppression General" under the cover of night, and hurriedly moved from the western suburbs to Zhongnanhai.Fu Zuoyi decided to test the intentions of the commanders in order to make a decision.He convened a military meeting in Jurentang, Zhongnanhai, attended by the commanders of various armies, independent division commanders, corps commanders, and directors of the headquarters.At the meeting, Fu Zuoyi deliberately put on a posture of defending the city, testing everyone's attitudes and said: "The leader of the Communist army has arrived at Xishan, and most of my troops outside the city have withdrawn to Beiping City. When hundreds of thousands of troops enter the city, there should be a proper Deployment and combat policy, I hope that the commanders of all corps and the commanders of the armies will express their opinions, speak freely, brainstorm, and come up with a good way to fight this defensive battle well."

Shi Jue, Commander of the Ninth Corps, Chiang Kai-shek's direct lineage, spoke first: "We are first of all to boost morale under the unified leadership of Chief Fu, and do our best to fight this battle to defend Beiping. Otherwise, I am sorry to the party-state and the chairman of the committee.” The next speaker was Li Wen, commander of the 4th Corps, another descendant of Chiang Kai-shek: "I agree with Commander Shi's statement. We must, under the command of Commander-in-Chief Fu, unite sincerely and fight this defensive battle with all our might!". The third speaker was An Chunshan, the commander of Fu's army: "I used to hold the same view as the two corps commanders. Soldiers lead the army to fight, and to fight is to win and fight well. But after several years of fighting According to experience, we believe that in the situation we are in today, fighting can no longer solve any problems. It has been three years since Japan surrendered. What is the result of the fighting? The Eighth Route Army is getting stronger and stronger, while we are getting smaller and smaller. The result of the three-year war, what is the future of the war? My army has already finished the war, and I am not qualified to fight. It is up to you to fight again. If you want to fight, you must go out to fight. Beiping cannot fight, the population is too dense, and there will be casualties There are too many civilians, and the people are unwilling to fight. If the army alone fights, the people will not be able to win if they oppose the fight.”

An Chunshan wanted to continue, but Fu Zuoyi interrupted his speech and said: "The meeting is adjourned now!" Due to An Chunshan's speech, the meeting room was full of discussions. Fu Zuoyi called An Chunshan to his office for a private talk, and immediately asked, "Does your speech today represent the Communist Party, and come to persuade us to surrender!" An Chunshan replied sincerely: "No! Absolutely not. I am thinking of the country, the people, the army, and more for you. I will speak my heart for your reference in decision-making!" Fu Zuoyi's tone softened, and he told him: "You are right to tell me the truth today, but the occasion you spoke today is too risky. If Li Wen, Shi Jue and the others propose Anchunshan's mutiny on the spot, how will you teach me how to deal with it? The meeting is still going on, you have to admit that you were wrong, and express your support for the main war again, do you understand? Seeking peace from the Communist Party is collaborating with the enemy, and it will be dangerous! The two of us will study it in detail tonight."

After the resumption of the meeting, Fu Zuoyi said: "Just now Commander An Chunshan was a little discouraged because of Huailai's defeat. He said discouraged words, and the text was wrong. I felt that what he said was wrong. During the adjournment, I gave him a severe lesson. He has recognized It was a mistake, but he has been with me for many years, and his army suffered a great loss this time. After returning to the city, we have adjusted the army to make up for him, and he can still fight." After Fu Zuoyi finished speaking, An Chunshan went on to say: "I accept the reprimand from Commander Fu, and I firmly support the speeches of the two commanders Li Wen and Shi Jue. "

That night, An Chunshan avoided outsiders, quietly came to Ju Ren Tang, and had a secret talk with Fu Zuoyi.When An Chunshan said that Chiang Kai-shek was doomed, he could not finish with him, and he should find a way out, Fu Zuoyi said: "The only way out of the current situation is to seek peace, and the road to peace is in line with the wishes of millions of people in Peking, but We have to take risks, some people will call us surrendered generals and traitors of the Kuomintang, some people may think we are traitors and beat us to death; they may also designate us as war criminals and lock us up, we have to bear all these risks.”

Immediately afterwards, Fu Zuoyi convened personnel above the division commander of the direct line of troops in Jurentang to secretly discuss the issue of peace.Attending the meeting were Yan Youwen, Liu Chunfang, Wang Jianye, Wang Kejun, Zhao Shuqiao, Zhu Dachun, An Chunshan, Sun Yingnian, Zhang Shuquan and others.After everyone discussed their views on the current situation at the meeting, Fu Zuoyi said: "Peking only has the word 'peace'. Will you come with me?" Most expressed support for peace talks with the Communist Party, only a few opposed peace talks and advocated a war against the city.When the meeting was adjourned, Fu Zuoyi said solemnly: "This meeting is strictly confidential, and anyone who leaks the secrets of the summation will be dealt with by military law."

While trying to communicate with the Communist Party, Fu Zuoyi invited some scholars and celebrities in Peking to seek their opinions in order to gain public support for a peaceful solution to the Peking issue. When all the staff arrived, after Fu Zuoyi explained the purpose of inviting everyone to come, the famous Chinese painting master Xu Beihong was the first to stand up and speak. He said firmly and forcefully: "Beiping is a world-renowned cultural ancient city. It is also rare. In order to protect our country's excellent ancient culture from being destroyed, and to protect the lives and property of the people of Peiping from loss, I hope that General Fu Zuoyi will take the overall situation into account and obey the will of the people so that Peiping will not be destroyed by artillery fire..."

Professor Yang Renlin, a famous historian, also said: "If General Fu can obey the public opinion and take peaceful actions to save Beiping from artillery fire, as a historian, I must make a special note about this righteous deed." The famous biologist Hu Xianxiao, the director of the Palace Museum Ma Heng, the professor Ye Qianyu and many others spoke one after another. They warmly hoped that General Fu Zuoyi would put the safety of the people of Peiping and the protection of the ancient capital's cultural relics as the top priority, and strive for an early and peaceful solution to the Peiping issue.At night, Fu Zuoyi returned to his residence in Zhongnanhai, facing the map of Beiping, looking at the famous monuments, the opinions of his cronies and the generous statements of famous scholars in the past few days, another scene appeared in his mind. At the same time, he remembered The strange history of this ancient city in modern times.

Since 1901, there has been a strange phenomenon in Beiping (including Tianjin): the northern war has continued for years, and most of them are targeting Beiping, but no army dares to fight in the suburbs, let alone the urban area, so Beiping has always been It is a paradise.Among the wars, the most important ones were the restoration of Zhang Xun in 1917; the first Zhifeng War in 1922; the second Zhifeng War in 1924, and the Beijing coup launched by Feng Yuxiang and others in the same year; Feng Yuxiang's Republic of China in 1925 The Battle of Yangcun between the National Army and the Zhilu Allied Forces; the Nankou War between the National Army and the Fengzhi and Zhilu Allied Forces in 1926; Zhang fought with Feng and Yan; in 1931, the Northeast warlords fought against Shi Yousan, until the holy war of resistance against Japan broke out in Lugouqiao in 1937.For more than 30 years, dozens of large and small wars occurred only around Pingjin, but Pingjin and Tianjin were spared from the war.What is the reason? The fundamental reason is that in semi-colonial China, Pingjin is an important industrial city, and foreigners occupy an important position here, and warlords of all sizes are just lackeys of foreigners, so they dare not enter the city to fight.Although this is a sign of national humiliation, objectively, it protects the cultural relics and historic sites and developed industry and commerce of Pingjin, as well as the lives and properties of the people of Pingjin. "Once the famous ancient capital is destroyed by me, I will become a sinner forever!" Fu Zuoyi kept talking to himself. Beiping is an ancient city with a long history.Since Wan Yanliang, the gold master, established his capital here in the 12th century, the three generations of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties have inherited and passed on, all of which took Beiping as their capital. cultural relics.In addition, there are many institutions of higher learning in Beiping that are well-known at home and abroad. There are campuses with elegant surroundings, exuding a strong scholarly fragrance of a thousand-year-old country. On the eve of the launch of the Pingjin Campaign, the North China Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, proceeded from the preservation of Beiping’s industrial and commercial foundation and cultural relics, and reduced the loss of people’s lives and property. He suffered a lot, but he used to be an anti-Japanese general. He had a history of uniting with the armed forces led by the Chinese Communist Party to fight against Japan. He had deep-rooted conflicts with Chiang Kai-shek.Therefore, the North China Bureau instructed the underground party in Beiping to take advantage of the favorable military situation in the Pingjin battlefield, boldly use various social relations, especially Fu Zuoyi's cronies and relatives, to directly do Fu Zuoyi's work, and focus on getting Fu Zuoyi to take the road of peaceful settlement of Peiping . In the early days of the War of Liberation, Fu Zuoyi resolutely carried out Chiang Kai-shek's policy of "suppressing chaos" and "suppressing communism" and attacked the liberated areas frantically.However, as the military situation continued to deteriorate, Fu Zuoyi realized that "the situation in China has changed, and the Communist Party has become the main force in China."The failure of the Kuomintang is inevitable, and we can no longer blindly trust Chiang Kai-shek, we must go our own way. But at the same time, he has many concerns about "strikes and making peace" with the Chinese Communist Party.He said that peace talks with the Communist Party would risk "three deaths": "First, over the past few years, I have been telling my subordinates the words 'putting down the chaos and suppressing the Communist Party'. Today, I secretly made a 180-degree turn. If their ideas are not clear, they will definitely kill me; secondly, if this matter is not done well and leaked, Chiang Kai-shek will execute me for the crime of treason; moreover, the Communist Party can also execute me for war crimes.” In early November, Fu Zuoyi called Mao Zedong through the CCP’s underground organization in Beiping, saying that he had imagined saving the country and the people with Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang as the center in the past, but he had realized that it was completely wrong. Purpose.He expressed his desire for peace talks and his unwillingness to fight another civil war. In mid-November, Fu Zuoyi went to Shijiazhuang through democrats Peng Zexiang and Fu Dingyi to directly explore the attitude of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to peacefully resolve the North China issue. Fu Zuoyi's consideration at the time was that since the Chinese Communist Party advocated the establishment of a coalition government, he could use five provinces and two cities in North China as bargaining chips to participate in the coalition government.Therefore, he proposed to designate Ping, Tianjin, Bao, Cha, and Sui as "peace zones", and the department was renamed "People's Peace Army", which was led by the coalition government. The purpose was to preserve its strength in the military. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong believed that Fu Zuoyi's attempt to share political power with the CCP equally and preserve military power was an unrealistic fantasy.However, in order to realize the strategic intention of keeping Fu Zuoyi's group and annihilating it on the spot in North China, "use this opportunity to stabilize Fu Zuoyi and not leave, so as to quickly deal with the Central Army" and "strive to make the Central Army surrender without a fight", so Fu Zuoyi expressed his willingness to conduct peace negotiations welcome. On November 26, the Central Military Commission called Lin Biao and others to elaborate on the policy and strategy for the peace talks with Fu Zuoyi.Point out: The purpose of negotiating with Fu Zuoyi is to solve the two armies of Jiang and Fu and seize Tianjin.Because Fubu is not resolved, even if Pingjin is occupied, it will not be stable.But before the Jiang family is resolved, if Fu really wants to negotiate, we should talk to him in order to divide Fu and Jiang. In mid-December 1948, the People's Liberation Army had divided and surrounded Fu Zuoyi's direct troops in Zhangjiakou, Xinbaoan, and Beiping, and occupied Nankou, Wanping, Fengtai, Tongxian and other places, directly threatening Beiping.Fu Zuoyi was deeply aware that the situation was critical and peaceful negotiations were a top priority, so on December 14, he sent Cui Zaizhi, the president of the Civilian Daily, out of the city under the leadership of Li Bingquan, a representative of the Peking underground party, to the 11th Column of the Northeast Field Army. I am going to Shijiazhuang to negotiate with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On the 16th, the Pingjin Front Command reported to the Central Military Commission that Fu Zuoyi had sent representatives out of the city to request negotiations, and proposed: "Our army is absolutely sure that we will capture Beiping and Tianjin and completely wipe out the enemy. Weapons are advantageous." The Central Military Commission replied: "The basic principle of negotiating with representatives of Fu Zuoyi is to get the enemy to lay down their arms." Within the scope of not compromising the principle, "we should try to take advantage of Fu Zuoyi and the large number of ministries in his group who are afraid of the danger to their own lives and properties ( Fu Zuoyi is a war criminal, and some people in the Fu group are hated by the people of North China very much), on the condition of allowing the punishment of Fu Zuoyi and his cadres to be mitigated and allowing them to preserve their private property, in exchange for Fu Zuoyi ordering the entire army to lay down their weapons Because the main force of Fu's clique was either wiped out or besieged, most of Beiping and all of Tianjin and Tanggu defending the enemy were troops of Chiang Kai-shek's lineage, so it was difficult for Fu Zuoyi to command these troops. "Our first goal is to deal with the Central Army. You should ask Fu's representative whether Fu has the power to order the Central Army to disarm. If he does not have such power, you can ask him to make way for our army to enter the city to solve the Central Army. .” On the 19th, the Central Military Commission called Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Liu Yalou to further clarify the basic policy for negotiating with Fu Zuoyi.Pointing out: We can use various clues to negotiate and divide with Fu Zuoyi, Hou Jingru, etc., "but our basic policy is to completely disarm them", "we will never allow them to preserve their reactionary forces, and negotiations and divisions are only to annihilate their a means". On the same day, Liu Yalou and Cui Zaizhi held formal negotiations in Balizhuang, near the headquarters of the Pingjin frontline headquarters.According to the guidelines set by the Central Military Commission, Liu Yalou focused on the following points: We are willing to resolve the Ping, Tianjin, Zhang and Tang wars through negotiations, but the peace talks must be based on the precondition of Fu’s disarming, and we will never attempt to preserve the armed forces in any form unacceptable.After a peaceful settlement, the life safety of Fu himself and his subordinates and the inviolability of private property can be guaranteed.It is an unrealistic fantasy for Fu Fa to establish a coalition government in North China and to take the third road, and we absolutely cannot accept it.In view of the fact that the Pingjin area is dominated by the central army, and it is difficult for Fu to order them to disarm, we can allow the Fu army to keep two armies, arrest all the army commanders in the central army, and then declare an uprising, or let the Fu army give way to the People's Liberation Army Go into town to tackle the central department. Fu Zuoyi only replied: The strength of the Central Army in Beiping City is more than ten times that of his troops, and it is not sure to arrest the commander of Jiang's army.For other questions, he avoided answering. Obviously, Fu Zuoyi still wants to preserve his strength.He said, "the method of disarming is a difficult task", and he is unwilling to accept it.He also said to his chief of staff Li Shijie: "You should prepare for war. The conditions of the two parties are too far apart to discuss at all." From December 21 to 22, the People's Liberation Army launched a new security operation and wiped out all of Fu Zuoyi's ace 35th Army. From the 23rd to the 24th, the Zhangjiakou chase and annihilation battle was launched, and the 105th Army of the Fu family was wiped out.In this way, Fu Zuoyi's troops were basically wiped out. Fu Zuoyi never imagined that the capital he had accumulated so hard for half his life would be wiped out within a few days. On December 23, he sent a telegram to Chairman Mao Zedong of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: Mr. Mao: 1. In the future, the way of governing China and building the country should be entrusted to you to achieve common political goals. 2. In order to seek the immediate rescue of the people, it is planned to electrify the whole country immediately to stop the fighting and promote a comprehensive peaceful reunification. 3. Yu will never maintain the army, nor have any political intentions. 4. In the transitional stage, in order to avoid sabotage and corruption of the place: After the power is sent out, the national army will stop any attack and temporarily maintain the status quo.Your army also please retreat slightly to restore traffic and stabilize order.For detailed issues, please assign personnel to discuss and resolve the turnaround period. I hope that you will not be embarrassed by disarming.After this stage, it is up to Mr. to decide how the army will deal with it.Hope to take the facts into consideration and handle it properly.Yu believes that his political views and political demeanor will greatly contribute to the stability of the country. Chiang Kai-shek was aware of the peace talks between Fu Zuoyi and the People's Liberation Army, and kept sending people to Beiping to coax and coerce Fu Zuoyi. On December 15, Xu Yongchang, Minister of the Military Order, came to Beiping and told Chiang Kai-shek: "A thousand troops are easy to get, but a general is hard to find. It is better to return with one person than a thousand troops." He tried his best to persuade Fu Zuoyi to lead his troops to retreat south or leave Ping Beijing; On December 23, Jiang Weiguo, the second son, was sent to Peiping with a personal letter, saying: Xi'an's "Double Twelve Incident" was fooled by the Communist Party, and the second KMT-CCP ​​cooperation was a great lesson in my life.Now, because you are in a difficult situation and you advocate cooperation with the Communist Party, I would like to use this as a persuasion to send my second son, Weiguo, to come and make an interview. Please check the interview for yourself. On behalf of Chiang Kai-shek, Jiang Weiguo once again promised Fu Zuoyi face to face that as long as Fu Zuoyi retreated to Qingdao by sea and land, the U.S. military would assist in the southward withdrawal. At that time, Fu Zuoyi would be appointed as the military and political chief of the southeast to command all the Kuomintang troops. Of course Fu Zuoyi knew Jiang's intentions, so after expressing his gratitude, he sighed a long time and said, "Now that we are surrounded by enemies, it is impossible to go south. We can only live and die with the ancient city in order to repay the kindness of the committee." Fu Zuoyi was under the dual military and political pressure of the People's Liberation Army on the outside, and was coerced by Chiang Kai-shek's soft and hard threats on the inside. He was very contradictory in his heart and had a fierce ideological struggle.He neither wanted to close the door to negotiations with the People's Liberation Army that had already been opened, nor accepted the conditions of "surrender", nor did he want to lead his troops to retreat south to be buried for Chiang Kai-shek, nor did he want to break with Chiang completely and bear the name of "traitor general". I don't want to fight until the end as a prisoner.He just wants to peacefully resolve the war in Pingjin according to his own ideas. On December 25, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China announced a list of 43 "top war criminals" including Chiang Kai-shek, and Fu Zuoyi was also listed.In order to promote the division of local military power factions like Fu Zuoyi from the Chiang Kai-shek camp, Xinhua News Agency pointed out in another news: It is possible for war criminals like Fu Zuoyi to reduce their punishment.The condition is that "he orders the entire army in Pingjin to stop resisting and surrender." New Year's Day in 1949 came. This New Year's Day marks that the ancient China will come out of the long night, and a brand new century will be opened. On this cold and somewhat novel morning of New Year's Day, the mimeographed and printed newspapers of various troops on the Pingjin battlefield were all printed in bright red with a hot article—"Carrying the Revolution Through to the End" . This is Mao Zedong's New Year's message to Xinhua News Agency on December 30 of the first year. The article was born in a short time, but it was bred in Mao Zedong's brain for a long, long time. "It is worth noting that now the enemies of the Chinese people are suddenly trying to pretend to be harmless and pitiful (readers please remember, this pitiful appearance will be pretended in the future). Sun Ke, who recently became the executive director of the Kuomintang , Didn't they announce in June last year that 'on the military side, as long as we fight to the end, we can finally resolve it'? This time when he came to power, he celebrated his 'glorious peace', saying that 'the government has worked hard to pursue peace, and because of peace It cannot be realized, and we have to use troops as a last resort. The ultimate goal of using troops is still to seek the restoration of peace." The United Press's Shanghai telegram on December 21 immediately anticipated Sun Ke's statement that "among U.S. officials and Kuomintang liberals, will meet the most widespread praise'. American officials are now not only enthusiastic about China's 'peace' but also repeatedly stated that since the meeting of foreign ministers of the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Kingdom in Moscow in December 1945, the United States has abided by the 'policy of non-interference in China's internal affairs' How should we deal with these gentlemanly gentlemen? Here is a fable from ancient Greece: "A farmer saw a snake frozen in winter. He took pity on it and put it on his chest." The snake came back to life after being heated, and when it regained its nature, it bit its benefactor and caused him to be fatally wounded. When the farmer was dying, he said: "I pity the wicked, and I deserve this evil reward!" The poisonous snakes in China hope that the Chinese people will die like this farmer, and hope that the Chinese Communist Party and all the revolutionary democrats in China will have the same kindness towards poisonous snakes as this farmer. But the Chinese people, the Chinese Communist Party and the real Chinese The revolutionary democrats, however, have heard and remembered this laborer's will. Moreover, the big snakes and small snakes, black snakes and white snakes, snakes with venomous fangs and snakes that have turned into beautiful women, occupying most of China's land, although they have already felt Threat of winter, but not freezing yet? "The Chinese people will never feel pity for evil people like snakes, and honestly believe that anyone who wants to play tricks and say something should show pity for such evil people, otherwise it is not in line with the national conditions, nor is it great enough, etc. People are by no means Chinese people. Why should we take pity on the villains like snakes? Which worker, which peasant, or which soldier advocates pity for such villains? There is indeed such a kind of "KMT liberals" or non-KMT They advised the Chinese people to accept the "peace" of the United States and the Kuomintang, that is to say, they should worship the remnants of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism as gods, lest these treasures be destroyed The species is extinct in the world. But they are by no means workers, peasants, or soldiers, nor are they friends of workers, farmers, or soldiers. "We also believe that the Chinese people's revolutionary camp must be consolidated. Bad people must not be allowed to invade, and wrong ideas must not be allowed to win. In addition to remembering their friends, the Chinese people who are at the climax of the revolution should also firmly remember themselves. The enemy and the friend of the enemy. As mentioned above, since the enemy is conspiring to preserve and strengthen his position by using 'peaceful' methods and methods of infiltrating into the revolutionary camp, the fundamental interests of the people require the complete elimination of all reactionary forces and If the aggressive forces of U.S. imperialism are driven out of China, then those who persuade the people to pity the enemy and preserve the reactionary forces will not be friends of the people, but friends of the enemy. "The fury of the Chinese revolution is forcing all social strata to decide their own attitudes. The balance of class forces in China is undergoing new changes. Large groups of people are breaking away from the influence and control of the Kuomintang and taking sides with the revolutionary camp. The Chinese reactionaries are completely Falling into a desperate situation of isolation and helplessness. The People's War of Liberation is getting closer to final victory. All revolutionary people and all friends of the people will be more solidly united. forces until the establishment of the People's Democratic Republic and the realization of a unified democratic peace throughout China. On the contrary, although the U.S. imperialists, the Chinese opposition and their friends cannot be firmly united, although there will be endless They quarrel with each other, curse each other, complain about each other, and abandon each other, but they will cooperate with each other on one point, which is to use various methods to destroy the revolutionary forces and preserve the reactionary forces. They will use various methods: openly and secretly direct and roundabout. But it can be concluded that their political plots will suffer the same failure as their military offensives. The Chinese people and their general staff, the Communist Party of China, which has already had sufficient experience, will surely smash the enemy's Just like military offensives, smash the enemy's political conspiracy and carry the great People's War of Liberation to the end. "Thousands of years of feudal oppression and one hundred years of imperialist oppression will be completely overthrown in our struggle. 1949 is an extremely important year, and we should step up our efforts." That is, on New Year's Day in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek issued a peace statement, proposing to conduct "peaceful" negotiations with the Chinese Communist Party under the conditions of preserving the existing legal system, constitution and preserving the Kuomintang army.But in the same statement, he clamored for a "decisive battle in Beijing and Shanghai" with the Communist Party! Also on New Year's Day in 1949, the Central Military Commission sent a telegram to Lin Biao: After the KMT troops in Xinbaoan and Zhangjiakou were annihilated, the status of Fu Zuoyi and his troops directly under Beiping had changed.Therefore, we should earnestly fight for Fu Zuoyi. Telegram put forward 6 specific opinions, the main contents are: Fu Zuoyi doesn't want to send any calls at the moment.As soon as this telegram is sent, he will have no legal status, and he and his subordinates may be oppressed by the Jiang faction, and may even be resolved: Fu Zuoyi has been anti-communist for a long time, and we have to send him along with Liu Zhi, Bai Chongxi, Yan Xishan, Hu Zongnan and others...are also listed as war criminals.As soon as we announced this, Fu's position in front of Chiang Kai-shek and the Chiang's army was immediately strengthened. Fu Ke used this to make a fuss, saying that there was no way out except to fight resolutely.But in reality, they negotiated with us to cooperate internally and externally to liberate Peiping peacefully, or to liberate Peiping after not very intense fighting.Fu Zuoyi made such a great contribution, so we have reason to pardon his war crimes and keep his subordinates. All Fu's troops in Beiping City will not be disarmed, and they will be allowed to form an army.It was right for Fu not to go to Nanjing this time, and he should not go to Nanjing in the future, otherwise he would be in danger of being detained by Chiang Kai-shek.I hope that Fu Zuoyi can send a responsible representative out of the city to continue the negotiations. On January 5, Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan published the "Letter to the Generals of the North China Kuomintang": Inform all officers and soldiers of the North China Kuomintang Army of the PLA's intention to resolve the Pingjin issue peacefully, and call on them to follow the example of General Zheng Dongguo in Changchun, and the PLA will treat them leniently .He also said: Representatives of generals and officers of any level can come to this headquarters to negotiate a peaceful settlement. After Fu Zuoyi heard the six opinions of the Central Military Commission, he was relieved and dispelled his doubts.He also said that in order to preserve the ancient cultural city of Beiping, negotiations must continue, and he hoped to be more specific. On January 6, 1949, in order to prevent Fu Zuoyi from contacting the People's Liberation Army, Chiang Kai-shek sent Zheng Jiemin, the third lobbyist, Deputy Minister of National Defense and head of the military reunification secret service, to Peiping with Chiang's personal letter.The letter said: Brother Yisheng, we must focus on the overall situation, that is, abandon North China, and lead all the northern armies to retreat to Qingdao in the south. Military and political officials, concentrate on ensuring Jiangnan, don't delay any more. Zheng Jiemin also had no good strategy, and he still repeated the same old tune to Fu Zuoyi.Just when Zheng Jiemin was bewildering Fu Zuoyi, news came that the People's Liberation Army had launched a final general attack on the Du Yuming Group that was trapped in Chenguanzhuang.Fu Zuoyi said to Zheng Jiemin: "The general trend is over, and the southward retreat is also a dead end, a dead end." On the same day, he sent his peace negotiating representatives Zhou Beifeng and Zhang Dongsun. Zhou Beifeng studied in France in his early years. After returning to China, he served as a professor at the Law School of Shanxi University. He was a fellow of Fu Zuoyi's hometown.Since 1937, he has dealt with the CCP as a representative of Fu Zuoyi.Almost all of Fu Zuoyi's contacts with the CCP were handled by Zhou Beifeng.Zhang Dongsun is the vice chairman of the China Democratic League and a professor at Yenching University.He was originally appointed by the Democratic League to come to Peiping to persuade Fu Zuoyi to strike peace with the CCP. Coincidentally, Fu Zuoyi just wanted to ask a third party or celebrity to mediate.In this way, Zhang Dongsun was entrusted to go out of the city with Zhou Beifeng to negotiate with the CCP. On January 7, the Central Military Commission called Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen, clarifying the basic policy of the negotiation again: "As long as Fu allows us to take over Pingjin peacefully and allow Fu's troops to form an army, he himself can pardon war crimes, preserve his private property, and live in peace." It is up to him to decide whether to stay in Peiping or go abroad. The lives and property of his subordinates will not be violated. Apart from this, nothing can be allowed to him, and it cannot be called an uprising." Telegram instruction: It is estimated that Fu Zuoyi's bargaining will take a while, and finally we should prepare to solve it by force. As long as we invade the city and occupy a part, we can solve it peacefully in our way.At the same time, it is emphasized that at the end of the negotiations, we should be prepared to solemnly state the following points to Zhou Beifeng: Fu Zuoyi has been anti-communist for a long time and killed many people. war crimes; Fu Zuoyi cannot take the attitude of sitting on the fence, but can only stand on the side of the People's Liberation Army. His army is organized as an army of the People's Liberation Army and cannot have other names. It can be handled in the same way as Zhengdong Guobu; Fu Zuoyi must make a quick decision, otherwise the People's Liberation Army will attack soon. On the 8th, Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Nie Rongzhen, Liu Yalou and others held negotiations with Zhou and Zhang at Baliqiao on the outskirts of Beiping.On behalf of Fu Zuoyi, Zhou Beifeng first expressed four points of opinion to the PLA: 1. Beiping, Tianjin, Tanggu, and Suiyuan should be resolved together; 2. There should be other newspapers in Pingding, Tianjin and other places, that is, not just the CCP’s one newspaper; 3. Progressive people should participate in the government; 4. The army does not need to surrender or disarm in the city, but to go out of the city to divide the garrison and use reorganization and other methods to solve the problem. On the same day, Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen reported Fu Zuoyi's four opinions to the Central Military Commission.The next day, Mao Zedong replied with instructions: All armies shall be transformed into military forces, and all places shall be transformed into liberated areas; Ping, Tianjin, Tang, and Sui should all be resolved, but the difficulties of the people of Tang and Sui are still small, while the difficulties of the people of Ping and Tianjin are very serious.The confrontation between the two armies will bring great difficulties to the lives of the soldiers and civilians, so the peace and Tianjin issues should be resolved quickly; In order not to save the Pingjin and Tianjin areas from losses, the People's Liberation Army can follow the conditions proposed by Fu Zuoyou. Fu Zuoyi's troops will be transferred out of Pingjin City, follow the orders of the People's Liberation Army to the designated places, and be reorganized into the People's Liberation Army according to the establishment of the People's Liberation Army; The representatives of the two sides stipulated specific measures within three days, and the defenders of Ping and Tianjin should leave the city at 13:00 on January 12 to accept the reorganization; Release all captured officers and soldiers of Fu's army, and they will not be treated as prisoners of war. According to the spirit of this instruction, a summary of the talks was formed, and Zhou Beifeng was sent back to the city to return to his command, and 24:00 on January 14 was set as the final reply period. As soon as Zhou Beifeng returned to the city, Fu Zuoyi hurriedly summoned him.When he finished reading the minutes, he looked up to the sky and sighed, and fell into silence.He still has hundreds of thousands of people under his command, and he still has the capital to negotiate on an equal footing. How could he be arrested without letting go of a single shot? After pondering for a long time, Fu Zuoyi finally spoke: "You can telegraph Lin, Luo, and Nie. I have studied the contents of your talks and the minutes of the meeting. There are still some unclear points. The 14-day reply time is too hasty. You will soon Let's go again with Deng Baoshan." Originally, it was Fu Zuoyi's own suggestion to let the troops go out of the city to accept the adaptation, and the People's Liberation Army had already agreed, but he said that the time was short and he obviously lacked sincerity, and wanted to bargain. On January 10, the Battle of Huaihai ended successfully, and the Northeast Field Army had completed its deployment to attack Tianjin. The development of the situation did not allow Fu Zuoyi to hesitate or delay time with excuses. On the 11th, the Central Military Commission pointed out: If Tianjin defends the enemy and does not leave the city to reorganize within the time limit set by me, Tianjin should be captured quickly and resolutely.After Tianjin was conquered, Fu Zuoyi must have felt panic and was bound to be forced to submit.At that time, when you negotiate with Representative Fu Fang, you should ask Fu Zuoyi to follow our six-point instructions firmly. According to the instructions of the Central Military Commission, the Pingjin Front Command notified Fu Fang's representative to postpone the original time limit for leaving the city, and stipulated that the vanguard of the Pingjin defenders must leave the city no later than 12 o'clock on the 13th, otherwise we will attack Tianjin on the 14th. However, Fu Zuoyi not only did not order Tianjin to stop resisting and leave the city to reorganize, but instead ordered Chen Changjie: "If you hold on firmly, there is a way." The Central Military Commission believes that Fu Zuoyi lacks sincerity and intends to use the peace talks to delay time.In order to completely dispel Fu Zuoyi's illusions, the Pingjin Front Command officially issued an order to attack Tianjin on the 14th. On January 13, Fu Zuoyi sent Deng Baoshan, deputy commander-in-chief of the North China "Suppression General" and commander-in-chief of the Yulin area, as a representative to continue negotiations with the PLA. Deng Baoshan is a veteran of the National Revolution and participated in the Yili Uprising as early as the Revolution of 1911.During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Eighth War Zone and was stationed in the important town of Yulin. He got along very well with the CCP and was known as Lu Zijing in the relationship between the two parties. At 1:00 p.m., a group of four, Deng and Zhou, left Deshengmen and arrived at Wuli Bridge near Songzhuang, Tong County, where the Pingjin Front Command was stationed. On the 14th, Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen, Luo Ronghuan held talks with Deng Baoshan. After waiting for Deng Baoshan and others to sit down, Nie Rongzhen said straightforwardly: "It is now 4 pm on the 14th, and there are only 8 hours left before the deadline for the final reply. We have already issued an order to attack Tianjin, and this negotiation does not include Tianjin, what's your opinion?" Deng Baoshan said: "Tianjin, it's better not to fight!" 接着，他又问道：“要打，你们计划打多久？” 林彪回答：“计划打3天。” 邓宝珊对天津的防御力量很有把握，说：“天津是傅先生亲自指挥布防的，别说3天，就是30天也拿不下来。” 林彪微微一笑：“贵军虽然曾有坚守涿州3月的战例，可是这里不是涿州，我们也不是张学良啊。” 聂荣臻说：“30天打不下来，就打3个月，打半年。半年打不下就打一年。” 双方一时陷入沉默。 邓宝珊再次提出要解放军让出南苑机场和成立联合政府等事。林彪说：“现在没有别的条件可谈了，只有照上次谈过的，按平津前线司令部的规定，命令北平守军开到城外指定地点，接受人民解放军改编。别的什么都不可能，只有这一条路。” 同一天，中共中央主席毛泽东发表了《关于时局的声明》： “自一九四六年七月，南京国民党反动政府在美国帝国主义者的帮助之下，违背。人民意志，撕毁停战协定和政治协商会议的决议，发动全国规模的反革命的国内战争以来，已经两年牛了。 在这两年半的战争中，南京国民党反动政府违背民意，召集了伪国民大会，颁布了伪宪法，选举了伪总统，颁布了所谓'动员戡乱'的伪令，出卖了大批的国家权利给美国政府，从美国政府获得了数十亿美元的外债，勾引了美国政府的海军和空军占据中国的领土、领海、领空，和美国政府订立了大批的卖国条约，接受美国军事顾问团参加中国的内战，从美国政府获得了大批的飞机、坦克、重炮、轻炮、机关枪、步枪、炮弹、子弹和其他军用物资，以为屠杀中国人民的武器。 南京国民党反动政府在上述各项反动的卖国的内政外交基本政策的基础上，指挥它的数百万军队，向着中国人民解放区和中国人民解放军举行了残酷的进攻。所有华东、中原、华北、西北、东北各人民解放区，无一不受到国民党军队的蹂躏。解放区的中心城市延安、张家口、淮阴、菏泽、大名、临沂、烟台、承德、四平、长春、吉林、安东等地，均曾被匪军占领……在此种情况下，中国共产党不得不坚决地起来反对国民党政府的反动政策，为着保卫国家的独立和人民的民主权利而奋斗。自一九四六年七月起，中国共产党领导英勇的人民解放军抵抗了国民党反动政府的四百三十万军队的进攻，然后又使自己转入了反攻，从而收复了解放区的一切失地，并且解放了石家庄、洛阳、济南、郑州、开封、沈阳、徐州、唐山诸大城市。 中国人民解放军克服了无比的困难，壮大了自己，以美国政府送给国民党政府的大批武器装备了自己。在两年半的过程中，歼灭了国民党反动政府的主要军事力量和一切精锐师团，现在，人民解放军无论在数量上士气上和装备上均优于国民党反动政府的残余军事力量。 至此，中国人民才开始吐了一口气。现在，情况已非常明显，只要人民解放军向着残余的国民党军再作若干次重大的攻击，全部国民党反动统治机构即将土崩瓦解，归于消灭。现在，国民党反动政府发动内战的政策，业已自食其果，众叛亲离，已至不能维持的境地。在此种形势下，为着保持国民党政府的残余力量，取得喘息时间，然后卷土重来扑灭革命力量的目的，中国第一名战争罪犯国民党匪帮首领南京政府伪总统蒋介石，于今年一月一日，提出了愿意和中国共产党进行和平谈判的建议。中国共产党认为这个建议是虚伪的。 这是因为蒋介石在他的建议中提出了保存伪宪法、伪法统和反动军队等项为全国人民所不能同意的条件，以为和平谈判的基础。这是继续战争的条件，不是和平的条件。旬日以来，全国人民业已显示了自己的意志。人民渴望早日获得和平，但是不赞成战争罪犯们的所谓和平，不赞成他们的反动条件。在此种民意基础之上，中国共产党声明：虽然中国人民解放军具有充足的力量和充足的理由，确有把握，在不要很久的时间之内，全部地消灭国民党反动政府的残余军事力量；但是，为了迅速结束战争，实现真正的和平，减少人民的痛苦，中国共产党愿意和南京国民党反动政府及其他任何国民党地方政府和军事集团，在下列条件的基础之上进行和平谈判。这些条件是： （一）惩办战争罪犯； （二）废除伪宪法； （三）废除伪法统； （四）依据民主原则改编一切反动军队； （五）没收官僚资本； （六）改革土地制度； （七）废除卖国条约； （八）召开没有反动分子参加的政治协商会议，成立民主联合政府，接收南京国民党反动政府及其所属各级政府的一切权力。 中国共产党认为，上述各项条件反映了全国人民的公意，只有在上述各项条件之下所建立的和平，才是真正的民主的和平。如果南京国民党反动政府中的人们，愿意实现真正的民主的和平，而不是虚伪的反动的和平，那末，他们就应当放弃其反动的条件，承认中国共产党提出的八个条件，以为双方从事和平谈判的基础。否则，就证明他们的所谓和平，不过是一个骗局。 我们希望全国人民、各民主党派、各人民团体，大家起来争取真正的民主的和平，反对虚伪的反动的和平，南京国民党政府系统中的爱国人士，亦应当赞助这样的和平建议。中国人民解放军全体指挥员战斗员同志注意：在南京国民党反动政府接受并实现真正的民主的和平以前，你们丝毫也不应当松懈你们的战斗努力，对于任何敢于反抗的反动派，必须坚决、彻底、干净、全部地歼灭之。 " 15日，人民解放军仅经过29小时激战，即一举攻克天津，全歼13万守军，使傅作义失去陈长捷这个讨价还价的筹码，北平20余万守军完全陷入绝境。在此形势下，傅作义不得不指示邓宝珊加紧谈判，尽快达成和平协议。