Chapter 13 Appendix 1: Chronicle of the Liberation of Nanjing

(November 1948-April 1950) From November 6, 1948 to January 10, 1949, the Central Plains and East China Field Armies of the People's Liberation Army jointly launched the Huaihai Campaign and wiped out more than 555,000 enemy troops. After that, the remaining enemies north of the Yangtze River fled one after another. Wan Xiong's division entered the north bank of the Yangtze River. On November 10, the Kuomintang Capital Garrison Headquarters declared temporary martial law in the city, prohibiting traffic from 11:00 every night to 6:00 the next day. On November 15, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an instruction "On the Issue of Military Control" to the central bureaus, sub-bureaus, and field army front committees, clearly stipulating nine tasks for implementing military control over cities.

In November, the Nanjing Underground Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China established a police work committee, and successively transferred 37 members of the Communist Party of China from outside the system to strengthen the work of the police committee. Elementary school teachers went on strike, employees of the municipal telecommunications bureau slowed down their work, and demanded "survival funds" and increased rice allowances, forcing the KMT authorities to give each teacher a loan of 100 yuan, and promised to partially improve the treatment of employees of the telecommunications bureau.

From the beginning of December to January 31, 1949, the Northeast and North China Field Armies of the People's Liberation Army jointly launched the Pingjin Campaign, annihilating more than 521,000 enemies and liberating cities such as Peiping and Tianjin. On December 8, the Kuomintang Capital Garrison Headquarters convened important officials from various organs of the party, government, and military to discuss issues such as strengthening public security and order. 300 railway workers at Nanjing Xiaguan Railway Station refused to relocate and demanded 2,000 yuan in severance pay to go on strike. The north-south train was interrupted for 3 hours. The Kuomintang authorities agreed to pay 1,000 yuan in severance pay to each of them, and the strike ended.

On December 9, the Kuomintang Army Training Command established an Intellectual Youth Recruitment and Training Office in this city to recruit educated youth to be sent to Taiwan for training. On December 14, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved Chen Yun's experience in taking over Shenyang, requiring each strategic area to organize a special team to take over the big cities in order to carry out the takeover tasks sequentially.At the same time, it also requires the underground party organizations in the cities to be liberated to fully organize workers, students, and citizens, protect factories, schools, and all municipal facilities, assist the troops entering the city, and do a good job in taking over.

On December 15th, employees of the Capital Power Plant and Capital Jiangnan Automobile Company petitioned the KMT city government, demanding that the employers pay family members evacuation allowances, winter clothing allowances, and year-end bonuses. On the evening of December 16, under the leadership of the CCP’s Shanghai Bureau and the Nanjing Underground Municipal Party Committee’s instigation system, 5 people, including Yu Bo, a pilot of the Eighth Battalion of the Kuomintang Air Force, revolted in B24 heavy bombers and defected to the liberated areas. On December 17, according to the telegram of the Central Military Commission, Deng Xiaoping presided over a meeting of the General Front Committee of the Huaihai Campaign, and proposed a battle plan for crossing the river. Liu Bocheng and Chen Yi went to Xibaipo to report to the Central Military Commission.

On December 19th, Nanjing Yongli Factory, under the mobilization of the underground party branch of the Communist Party of China and the support of the factory director Li Chengqian (a secret party member), established the "Fellowship Mutual Aid Association", a response organization to protect the factory. In December, the workers of the clothing factory in the capital refused to relocate and removed the main machine parts. At the same time, they demanded severance pay. After 3 days and 3 nights of struggle, the factory agreed to pay 3,000 yuan each to the regular workers who did not want to move with them. , 500 yuan for temporary workers.

On January 1, Mao Zedong's New Year's message "Carry the Revolution to the End" written by Xinhua News Agency was published, announcing to China and foreign countries that our army will cross the south of the Yangtze River and carry the War of Liberation to the end. On January 7, the Kuomintang authorities carried out the third mass arrest of Nanjing students, arresting 13 students from Zhongda University, Jinda University, Pharmacy College, and Frontier School. On January 14, Mao Zedong issued a famous statement on the current situation in response to Chiang Kai-shek's New Year's peace statement, exposing the hypocrisy of Chiang Kai-shek's peace proposal, and put forward eight conditions for achieving true peace.

On January 17, Chiang Kai-shek inspected the Kuomintang army, police, and about 100,000 troops garrisoned in the suburbs, and demanded to "strengthen the will and defend the capital." From January 19th to 20th, the various organs of the Kuomintang government were busy retreating, and the middle and lower level civil servants were cut down.More than 2,000 civil servants who had been laid off went to the Executive Yuan to petition, demanding that the government provide travel expenses and six months' salary for returning home. On January 21, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to announce his "retirement", and Li Zongren "acted" as the president, agreeing to use the conditions proposed by our party as the basis for peace talks.

On January 22, 55 people from various democratic parties, representatives of people's organizations, and other democrats including Li Jishen, Shen Junru, Ma Xulun, and Guo Moruo who arrived in the Liberated Area jointly issued a statement, expressing their firm support for Chairman Mao Zedong's eight peace conditions and opposing the Kuomintang reactionaries. False peace conspiracy. On January 25th, in order to encourage the rustic spirit, the Kuomintang government held a sea, land and air defense exercise in Baguazhou, and acting president Li Zongren came to inspect it in person.

The Nanjing City Council of the Kuomintang held its tenth interim meeting to discuss a peaceful reform plan and telegraphed Mao Zedong to order a truce to make peace and set up a peace organization to discuss matters. Post and telecommunications workers surrounded Chen Shuren, director of the Kuomintang General Administration of Telecommunications, and Shen Yangyi, director of the General Post Office, and demanded that each employee be paid 50,000 yuan in contingency expenses. After a day of struggle, the bureau agreed to give each employee 30,000 yuan first, and the remaining 20,000 yuan was sent by the trade union to send representatives. Shanghai negotiated with the General Administration.

In January, the Nanjing Underground Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish a staff working committee, and established party branches in the central shopping mall and Yongan shopping mall to lead and organize the masses to carry out the work of "protecting the store and protecting the store".At the same time, actively organize workers' armed forces to make preparations for crossing the river with the People's Liberation Army. On February 3, Central University established a school-wide "response meeting" to carry out emergency nursing work. On February 4, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yi suggested to the Central Military Commission that our army plans to march south in March. On February 5, the Kuomintang Executive Yuan moved to Guangzhou for office. On February 6, Meng Shiheng, chairman of the Nanjing Branch of the "KMT Reform Committee", planned a large-scale armed riot with the uprising KMT military police and police as the backbone, in response to the Chinese People's Liberation Army crossing the river, and was arrested for leaking. On May 9, Meng Tuheng, Wu Shiwen, and Xiao Jiankui were shot in Shanghai. In early February, the reorganization of the Central Plains and East China Field Armies was completed.Nakano was reorganized into the Second Field Army, Commander Liu Bocheng, Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping, Deputy Political Commissar and Director of the Political Department Zhang Jichun; Huaye was reorganized into the Third Field Army, Commander and Political Commissar Chen Yi, Deputy Commander and Second Deputy Political Commissar Su Yu, First Deputy Political Commissar Tan Zhenlin . On February 11, the Central Military Commission notified the General Front Committee of Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yi's proposal on February 4: agreeing to the plan for troops to dispatch in half March and start crossing the river at the end of March.It was also decided that "Comrades Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Jichun, and Chen Geng will join the East China Bureau as members; the General Front Committee will continue to exercise the powers of military leadership and combat operations as usual. Both the East China Bureau and the General Front Committee will be directly under the Central Committee." On February 20, the Third Field Army issued the "Preparation Order for the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Campaign" to its ministries. On February 25, the Military Commission sent a telegram to the Second Field and the Third Field: In the middle or late March, they should prepare to occupy Pukou and bombard Nanjing.This preparatory work is limited to be completed before March 10, and the operation is on standby to cooperate with the negotiations between the Party Central Committee and the representatives of the Kuomintang Nanjing government. After the Shanghai Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the Nanjing Underground Municipal Committee instigated rebellion, the officers and soldiers of the largest cruiser "Chongqing" of the Kuomintang Navy staged an uprising and defected to the liberated areas. On March 1, Sanye reported to the Military Commission and the General Front Committee the deployment of preparing to capture Pukou and bombard Nanjing: it was decided to deploy two howitzers from the 26th Army, 34th Army, and the 35th Army of the Eighth Corps. team to perform this task. On March 3, the Military Commission telegraphed Sanye and the General Front Committee: "The purpose of preparing to capture Pukou and bombard Nanjing is to facilitate negotiations that are beneficial to the people. The time for this negotiation has not yet been determined, and it will be around late March. Therefore, before you attack Pukou, The time is around March 20 when the negotiations are in progress. If the negotiations are successfully resolved, Pukou should not be attacked; if the negotiations do not go well and pressure is needed to resolve the situation, then Pukou should be attacked at that time." From March 5 to 13, the Communist Party of China held the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee in Xibaipo, and Mao Zedong made a report to the plenary session.The meeting discussed the issue of completely destroying the Kuomintang's rule, winning national victory, shifting the focus of the party's work from the countryside to the cities, and taking production and construction as the central task.At the same time, it focuses on studying and stipulating the general tasks and main ways to transform China from an agricultural country to an industrial country and from a new-democratic society to a socialist society after the party's national victory.The plenary session called on the whole party to maintain a style of modesty, prudence, no arrogance, no impetuosity, and hard work in the face of victory. On March 8th and January 7th, the head of the cabinet with Sun Ke as the head of the Kuomintang Executive Yuan resigned. At the beginning of March, the Nanjing Underground Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Zhu Qiluan, a member of the Municipal Party Committee, and Bai Shalao, an intelligence officer, to bring important intelligence materials such as the "Military Layout Map along the Beijing-Shanghai and Shanghai-Hangzhou Lines" to the Crossing River Headquarters of the General Front Committee of the Hefei General Committee, and report to Shu Tong and Song Renqiong respectively. The enemy's situation and the work situation in Nanjing. On March 17, the Military Commission informed Erye and Sanye that the time to capture Pukou and Puzhen should be on the day when the Nanjing representative arrived in Beiping, or one day after the Nanjing representative arrived in Peiping, and not too early.As for the capture of Pukou, whether to bombard Nanjing after Puzhen depends on the negotiation situation.Because once Pukou and Puzhen are occupied, most of the Nanjing government will inevitably flee, which is not conducive to the signing of an agreement that is beneficial to the people, and it is not conducive to our army's peaceful acceptance of the Nanjing government. Therefore, the exact time for the capture of Pukou and Puzhen must be determined by The central government decides on the fly. On March 24, under the instigation of the CCP's Nanjing underground municipal committee and the influence of Deng Wuming of the Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, Wang Yanqing, the commander of the 97th Division of the Kuomintang, led an uprising. On February 30, the Central Military Commission decided that the East China Bureau, the General Front Committee, the East China Military Region, and Deng Xiaoping, Rao Shushi, and Chen Yi would stay near Hefei, command the Second Field and the Third Field, and preside over the overall work. On April 1, the delegation of the Communist Party of China and the peace delegation sent by the Nanjing government of the Kuomintang began negotiations in Beiping. The East China Bureau issued the "Instructions on Taking Over Jiangnan City Work", "Instructions on Rural Work in Jiangnan New Area" and "Work Instructions on Our Army's Southward Advance and Joining Forces in Guerrilla Areas".More than 6,000 students and some teaching staff from 10 colleges and universities, including Nanjing Central University and Jinling University, held a parade, demanding that the Kuomintang government accept the eight peace conditions of the Chinese Communist Party.After the parade, the students who returned to school were surrounded, beaten and severely beaten by the Kuomintang thugs. They were beaten to death and seriously injured and killed 3 people, which led to the "April 1" tragedy that shocked the whole country. On April 3, the Central Military Commission approved the "Outline for the Implementation of the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Campaign" submitted by the General Front Committee on April 1. All the Second and Third Field Armies occupied southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui and Zhejiang provinces, and captured Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou. The purpose of destroying the political and economic centers of the Kuomintang reactionary government.It was also decided that at 18:00 on April 15th, the battle across the river would be carried out in three routes: east, middle and west. In early April, under the leadership of the Working Committee of the Nanjing Underground Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, people's armed pickets were organized in divisions, mainly consisting of tricycle workers, which were later renamed the Nanjing People's Democratic Defense Forces. On April 11, the Military Commission ordered the General Front Committee: "According to the negotiation situation, our army must decide to postpone the crossing of the river for one week. Please issue an order immediately on this point." And said: "Assuming it is politically necessary, we must prepare to postpone it for another 7 days." 23 days to 29 days, but this decision is not made at this moment", and said: "In short, the river must be crossed in late April, and you must prepare everything precisely." On April 14, the Military Commission instructed the General Front Committee and the two field armies: In order to prepare for the direct action of crossing the river, in order to deal a blow to Nanjing, and to urge the Kuomintang Nanjing government to accept our conditions, please prepare to capture the area from Anqing to Nanjing on April 20. On the Nantong line, except Anqing and Liangpu, all the enemy strongholds on the north bank (not the south bank) and Jiangxinzhou (including Yangzhong County) that you need to capture.And until April 20, keep calm and say nothing. On April 17, the Military Commission instructed the General Front Committee and the two field armies that the negotiations had come to an end on the 15th, and the 16th to 20th was the time for Nanjing to consider decisions.During this time, our army should capture all the strongholds on the north bank and the center of the river that must be captured. When our army crosses the river after the 20th, it is completely up to our choice and is not subject to any restrictions.You should follow the original plan and decide to cross the river on the 22nd without changing it. On April 19, more than 600 elementary school teachers in the city gathered and decided that if the Kuomintang did not issue contingency rations, they would always ask for leave for 3 days. Starting from April 20th, Quanbi Primary School will go on strike, and primary school teachers in all districts will mobilize teachers to protect the school. On April 20, the Nanjing government of the Kuomintang rejected our party's peace plan.From midnight onwards, millions of troops from the Second and Third Field Armies crossed the Yangtze River across the thousand-mile-long river from Hukou in the west to Jiangyin in the east, completely destroying the Yangtze River defense line that the enemy had painstakingly managed for three months.At the same time, the 35th Army of the Sanye Eighth Corps attacked Jiangpu, Puzhen, and Pukou, captured Jiangpu in the early morning of the 21st, and occupied Pukou late at night on the 22nd. On April 21, Mao Zedong and Zhu De issued an order to the Chinese People's Liberation Army to march across the country. On April 22, Su Yu and Zhang Jichun judged the enemy's situation, and immediately ordered the East and Central armies to advance east and west quickly, cut off the Beijing-Hangzhou highway, and intercepted and annihilated the fleeing enemy in the Nanjing area.If the enemy of Nanjing flees, the 35th Army will cross the river and occupy Nanjing to maintain order and protect all public and private properties abandoned by the enemy. The military and political officials of the Kuomintang government and the military and police stationed in Nanjing fled south one after another.Luo Xianpu, the acting director of Radio 431, which was in charge of communication at Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport, instigated an uprising of more than 30 staff members in the station to protect a large number of military supplies and 4 aircraft left behind at the airport. On April 23, the Kuomintang defenders fled, and Nanjing was temporarily in a vacuum.Under the leadership of the CCP’s Nanjing underground organization, the city’s workers, clerks, students, and uprising police actively protected factories, shopping malls (stores), public facilities, and supplies to maintain social order; the majority of telecommunications bureaus, water plants, and power plants The employees stick to their posts to ensure continuous water supply, power supply and communication in the urban area.Beginning in the evening, with the assistance of power plant and railway ferry workers, the People's Liberation Army rushed to cross the Yangtze River to Nanjing. The Nanjing Public Security Association was established and ended on the 29th. On the morning of April 24, the 35th Army of the People's Liberation Army entered Nanjing City. Chen Xiuliang, Secretary of the Nanjing Underground Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, Liu Feng, Deputy Secretary, Wang Mingyuan, Zhu Qiluan and other members went to the military headquarters of the 35th Army to meet with the army leaders. On April 26, Deng Xiaoping, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Su Yu, Tan Zhenlin, leaders of the General Front Committee met with Chen Xiuliang and Liu Feng, the chief and deputy secretaries of the Nanjing Underground Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China. On April 28, the Nanjing Military Control Commission of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was established, with Liu Bocheng as the director and Song Renqiong as the deputy director. The Municipal Military Control Commission issued a notice stipulating that from now on, the Renminbi issued by the People's Bank of China shall be the standard for all calculations and settlements, and gold round coupons shall be banned within a limited period. On May 1, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China congratulated Nanjing on its liberation. More than 3,000 commanders and fighters of the Third Field Army of the People's Liberation Army and Nanjing underground party cadres held a joint meeting. Deng Xiaoping, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, and Rao Shushi delivered important speeches at the meeting. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, with Liu Bocheng as secretary, Song Renqiong as deputy secretary, and Liu Bocheng, Song Renqiong, Zhang Jichun, Chen Xiuliang, and Chen Shiju as members of the Standing Committee. The Municipal Military Control Commission began to take over the KMT government agencies and bureaucratic capital enterprises in Nanjing. On May 2, the Nanjing Branch of the People's Bank of China officially opened for business. Nanjing Trading Corporation was established and began to sell rice noodles. On May 4, the traffic inside and outside the city resumed, and all trains, cars, and ships were in operation. On May 5, Liu Bocheng, Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, issued the "Report to the Party Central Committee and the East China Bureau on the Current Situation of Nanjing's Work", and put forward suggestions on the organizational structure of the Military Control Commission of our city and the current urgent diplomatic and financial issues. On May 9, Liu Bocheng made a policy report at the city's cadre meeting, clarifying the nature and tasks of the people's government, and calling on military cadres and local cadres to unite and cooperate to jointly build a new Nanjing for the people. The Nanjing Office of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions was established and started working. On May 10, the Nanjing Municipal People's Government was established. Liu Bocheng was the mayor, and Ke Qingshi and Zhang Linzhi were the vice mayors. On May 11, the Municipal Military Control Commission issued a notice to protect the Zhongshan Cemetery. On May 13, the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Military Control Commission, and the Municipal People's Government jointly held a workers' symposium. On May 15, the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Military Control Commission, and the Municipal People's Government jointly held a symposium for student representatives. On May 16, the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Military Control Commission, and the Municipal People's Government jointly held a symposium for people from the cultural and scientific circles. The Municipal Military Control Commission approved the temporary resumption of business of 37 private banks and money houses in our city. The Municipal People's Bank began to accept and exchange gold, silver and foreign currencies starting today. On May 17, the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Military Control Commission, and the Municipal People's Government jointly held a symposium for representatives of the industrial and commercial circles, expounding the new democratic economic program of developing production, prospering the economy, taking into account both public and private interests, and benefiting both labor and capital. The Municipal Military Control Commission issued a notice prohibiting the trading of silver dollars. Pubang section reopened to traffic. On May 22, the Municipal People's Bank of China announced the procedures for the registration of traders at the Silver Dollar Exchange, tentatively allowing 4 places, including the Capital Shopping Center and Dahong Building, to be the designated silver dollar exchanges. On May 23, the Nanjing Municipal Scattered Soldiers Handling Committee was established to deal with Kuomintang officers and soldiers scattered in the city. On May 25, the Municipal People's Bank first issued loans to state-owned enterprises in order to quickly resume production and prosper the economy. On May 27, Shanghai, the largest city in China, was liberated. The Shanghai-Nanjing Line opened to traffic on the 28th. On June 1, the Nanjing Municipal People's Court was established and began to accept cases. The Municipal Military Control Commission established the "Nanjing Unemployed Public and Educational Personnel Intellectuals Registration Office" to help them solve their employment and study problems. On June 2, the people's governments of various districts in our city were established. The Municipal Military Control Commission ordered the disbandment of reactionary party groups and reactionary spy organizations such as the Kuomintang, the Three Youth League, the Youth Party, and the Democratic Socialist Party. On June 3, the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce invited people from the industrial and commercial circles to sit down and listen to opinions on the restoration and development of production. On June 4, the Municipal Military Control Commission and the Municipal Education Bureau invited university professors to discuss higher education issues. The Municipal Finance Bureau explained the tax policy to representatives of the business community. China Merchants Nanjing Branch has completed the takeover and held a resumption ceremony today. The two rounds of "Zheng He" and "Jianghan" sailed to Shanghai and Jiujiang respectively. With the help of the Municipal People's Government on June 5, Jiangnan Automobile Company, which had been closed for nearly three months, resumed business today. On June 6, the Municipal Labor Bureau began to register unemployed workers in order to coordinate placement methods. On June 8, the Preparatory Committee of the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions was established. On June 10, the Municipal Military Control Commission and the Municipal People's Government promulgated the wage and salary measures, setting salary standards for the majority of employees and retained public and educational personnel according to their original salary to ensure their livelihood. On June 11, the Municipal People's Government issued a notice prohibiting the circulation and use of silver dollars, and announced the interim measures for the management of gold and silver. On June 12, the Municipal People's Government announced the suspension of silver dollar exchange activities.At the same time, the Municipal People's Bank added a silver dollar exchange office. On June 13, the Municipal People's Bank officially announced that private trading of gold and silver is strictly prohibited starting today. On June 14th, in order to stabilize prices and protect the lives of the majority of employees, the Municipal Trading Corporation will generally sell rice, noodles, oil, salt and other daily necessities in our city from now on. With the support of the Municipal People's Government, Nanjing Yongli Factory resumed work. The Municipal People's Government announced the assistance measures for the employees of various agencies of the Kuomintang government who were accepted to return to their hometowns for production and employment. On June 15, the Preparatory Committee of Nanjing Women's Federation was established. On June 16, the Finance and Economics Committee of the Municipal Military Control Commission borrowed money to support the enterprises of the Kuomintang Resources Committee that had been taken over in Nanjing. On June 17, 9 major factories including Dianzhao Factory in our city resumed work quickly after taking over. The district working committees of the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China were established. As of June 22, as of today, more than 600 private factories in our city have resumed work, with gradually increasing production and increasing sales. On June 24, the Municipal People's Government announced the abolition of the Baojia system of the Kuomintang government and the dissolution of Baojia organizations in various places. On June 25, our city prepared to build the Southwest Service Corps of the People's Liberation Army, and Song Renqiong was appointed as the field chief. On June 27, the Nanjing Working Committee of the New Democratic Youth League was established. In order to prevent river floods in Pukou, Xiaguan and other places, the Municipal Water Conservancy Commission established the Nanjing City Summer Prevention Committee. Students, professors, and scientific workers from major and middle schools in our city signed up to join the Southwest Service Group, and more than 300 people signed up within one day. On June 28, the Municipal Garrison Headquarters established the Air Defense Department to organize and command the city's air defense affairs in a unified manner. On June 30, Mao Zedong published the article "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship", which clarified the nature of the upcoming People's Republic of China and the status of various classes in the state power. On July 1, the Jinpu Railway opened to traffic. On July 4, the Preparatory Office of the Municipal Cooperative was established. On July 5, 2,000 migrant workers in our city braved the rain to raise the embankments along the Pukou and Xiaguan rivers. On July 5th, to commemorate the 12th anniversary of the "July 7th" Anti-Japanese War, the People's Liberation Army in Nanjing held a grand military parade. On the 7th, 300,000 soldiers and civilians in the city held a grand parade. July 10th is the last day to sign up for the Southwest Service Corps. By 6:00 p.m., more than 2,000 students have signed up. On July 12, the Municipal Taxation Bureau invited the members of the Municipal Chamber of Commerce to discuss the method of levying business tax.The participants unanimously supported the method of "determining tasks, self-reporting for public discussion, paying by line and household, and paying within a time limit". On July 13, from June 27 to July 12, the Municipal Summer Defense Committee mobilized more than 370,000 soldiers and civilians and a large amount of supplies to safely cross the current highest water level of 887 meters in the Yangtze River, ensuring the safety of the city and the suburbs. The safety of most residents and farmland. On July 14, the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce held a meeting of more than 2,000 industrial and commercial persons to mobilize the implementation of industrial and commercial policies and clarify the significance of industrial and commercial business registration. The Municipal Military Control Commission and the Municipal People's Government held a meeting of all employees to mobilize to practice strict economy and oppose waste. On July 16, public and private enterprises in our city actively responded to Mayor Liu Bocheng's call to smash the "economic blockade" of the United States and Chiang Kai-shek, and launched a campaign of self-reliance, material conservation, and preparation of homemade raw materials. On July 18, the Central Chemical Plant of the former Resources Committee started production. On July 19, the municipal government invited economic experts in Nanjing to discuss issues such as urban and rural production, demand, and raw materials. Two Kuomintang planes dropped multiple bombs in Xiaguan, Zhonghuamenwai and other places, killing 2 people and injuring 22 others. On July 20, the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce promulgated the Measures for Industrial and Commercial Business Registration. On July 23, "Xinhua Daily" published an editorial entitled "Practice Streamlining and Savings". On July 25, a typhoon hit our city, and part of the river embankments in Xiaguan and Pukou collapsed. On July 26, the Municipal Flood Control Headquarters was established. The Municipal Finance Bureau organized a rural work team to investigate the rural areas in the suburbs of the city to prepare for the verification of the acres and the implementation of a reasonable burden. On July 27, the Municipal Security Command announced that martial law will be lifted in the entire city starting today. The Municipal Disaster Prevention and Rescue Committee was established. On July 31, two Jiang P51 planes harassed our city, dropped 2 bombs, injured 18 people and destroyed 4 houses. The typhoon entered in late July, and the water level of the Yangtze River in Nanjing rose to 917 meters, a height never seen in 20 years. More than 40,000 people.The Municipal People's Government actively mobilized and organized military and civilian rescue and disaster relief to overcome difficulties. On August 2, the Municipal Party Committee held a mobilization meeting for streamlining and saving. On the 3rd, the Municipal Reorganization and Conservation Working Committee was established. At 7:00, 9:00 and 12:00 am on August 4th, several planes of Chiang Kai-shek harassed our city and dropped 2 bombs near Xiaguan, killing 3 people and injuring 1 person. The Xiaguan Power Plant was slightly damaged. On August 13, the New Nanjing Construction Research Association held its first meeting, attended by more than 30 experts and professors, to discuss the construction of a new Nanjing. On August 19, the Municipal Urban and Rural Economic Investigation Committee organized more than 110 professors, experts, researchers and students from some colleges and universities in our city to the suburban counties to investigate how to combine industry and agriculture. On August 22, the Municipal Reorganization and Savings Committee held a meeting of heads of public enterprises in our city to expound the principles of reorganization of public enterprises.The city's reorganization work center began to be transferred to various public enterprise departments. On August 26, the only match factory in our city, the private Capital Match Factory, was officially resumed today under the encouragement of the people's government's industrial and commercial policies. On August 30, the Nanjing Office of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee was established. From September 5th to 9th, the city's first meeting of people's representatives from all walks of life was held, and the meeting put forward the guidelines and current tasks for building a new Nanjing. On September 7, Song Renqiong, deputy director of the Municipal Military Control Commission, was appointed as another deputy director by Su Yu and Tang Liang. On September 17, the Municipal Party Committee held a meeting of the city's party branch secretaries and party members and cadres above the army platoon.Deng Xiaoping made an important report on "loyalty and honesty" at the meeting, requiring Communists to overcome individualism and strictly demand themselves by the standards of party members. On September 19, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China to be composed of 5 comrades including Su Yu, Tang Liang, Jiang Weiqing, Chen Xiuliang, and Ke Qingshi.Su Yu served as the secretary, Tang Liang served as the first deputy secretary, and Jiang Weiqing served as the second deputy secretary. On September 20, the Municipal Evacuation Population Committee was established. From September 2 to 30, the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beiping.The meeting acted on behalf of the National People's Congress, adopted the "Common Program" that served as an interim constitution, and elected the Central People's Government Committee.Mao Zedong was elected as the chairman of the Central People's Government, and Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Song Qingling, Li Jishen, Zhang Lan, and Gao Gang were the vice-chairmen. On September 25, people from all walks of life in the city sent off the Southwest Service Corps of the People's Liberation Army to enter the Southwest. On September 26, the Municipal Production Research Committee was established, with Ke Qingshi as the chairman. Its task was to study, restore and develop production, so as to build a new Nanjing. On September 30, millions of people in the city braved the rain to hold parades and various activities to celebrate the establishment of the Central People's Government. On October 1, 300,000 soldiers and civilians held a grand founding ceremony in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, announcing the founding of the People's Republic of China. On the 2nd, 500,000 soldiers and civilians in our city held a grand assembly and parade to warmly celebrate the founding of the People's Republic of China. On October 4, the Municipal Security Committee was established. On October 9, the Municipal Public Security Bureau cracked three spy cases, and the first offenders, Bu Xianwu, Guan Senbao, and Jing Youlin, fell into the law. On October 15th, the Preparatory Committee of the Farmers' Associations in the suburban districts was established. On October 17th, the East China Military Region, Sanye and all walks of life in Nanjing and Erye jointly held a party to send Erye into the Southwest. On October 20, the first Nanjing City Representative Conference of the Communist Party of China was held.The purpose of the meeting is to unify thinking, strengthen unity, rectify the organization, and work hard to implement the six major tasks proposed by the East China Bureau of the Communist Party of China. In the afternoon, various government agencies, troops, groups, students, and citizens of the city lined up for more than 10 miles, and lined the road to warmly send off Erye's march to the southwest. The Municipal Taxation Bureau amended and announced the provisional regulations on stamp duty. On November 1, the Municipal Military Control Commission was adjusted, with Su Yu as director and Tang Liang as deputy director. On November 10, the syndicate jointly organized by private money firms in our city was formally established, with 17 banks and 19 banks participating.The purpose of this organization is to guide funds towards production and handle industrial and mining loans. On November 12, more than 500 persons in charge of the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Military Control Commission, the Municipal People's Government and representatives from all walks of life went to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum to commemorate the 84th anniversary of the birth of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. On November 17, the Preparatory Committee of Nanjing Farmers Association was established. From November 18th to 21st, the city held a public security work conference to strengthen winter prevention and security work.The meeting determined that the current security work is still centered on suppressing and tracking down bandits. On November 25th, the Municipal Military Control Commission held its first press conference. Lu Muyun, director of the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce, made a statement on the current price issue, warning speculators that if they are still obsessed with driving up prices, they will be resolutely cracked down. On November 26, the Municipal Public Security Bureau promulgated the "Interim Measures for Prohibiting Smoking and Drugs". On November 30th, after the democratic negotiation between labor and management, the city's first collective contract - the collective contract of the municipal milling industry held an approval ceremony in the auditorium of the municipal government.Since then, all walks of life in the city have signed collective contracts. On December 1, Nanjing Branch of the People's Insurance Company of China officially opened. On December 2, the Municipal People's Court pronounced a verdict on a group of underground banks that engaged in illegal financial business, peddling votes, and disrupting the financial market. The offenders were sentenced to prison terms and fined. At 12 noon on December 6, two Jiang B25 planes harassed our city and bombed indiscriminately, killing 25 citizens, injuring 20 (including 2 British overseas Chinese), and destroying more than 50 houses. From December 8th to 12th, the city's second meeting of people's representatives from all walks of life was held, discussing issues such as strengthening public security, dealing with refugees, saving production, preventing spring famine, etc., and made a resolution to build Yuhuatai Martyrs Cemetery. On December 10, Dong Biwu, Vice Premier of the Central People's Government Administration Council, led the East China Working Group of the Administration Council Guidance and Acceptance Working Committee to Nanjing. On December 15th, the party branches of the municipal party committee made public one after another, which was warmly supported by the masses and strengthened the relationship between the party and the masses. On December 17, the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce officially announced the "Interim Measures for the Administration of the Grain Market", stipulating that off-market grain transactions are absolutely prohibited, and two grain markets, Zhonghuamen and Xiaguan, were opened. On December 23, more than 240 employees of the City Merchants Bureau voluntarily donated their year-end double salary and challenged all employees in the city. On December 25, the Municipal Refugee Handling Committee promulgated specific measures for mutual aid and mutual aid to deal with refugees.
On January 6, the Municipal Refugee Handling Committee held an enlarged meeting and decided to provide emergency relief to refugees starting tomorrow.Deputy Mayor Ke Qingshi pointed out at the meeting that to deal with refugees, we must continue to implement the three-in-one policy of evacuation, organization of production, and emergency relief. On January 9th, the East China Military Region and all units of the Sanye Stationed in Ningxia generally carried out a 1-two-meter, 1,000 yuan, 1-item relief campaign for refugees. On January 10, the four major trade union federations of municipal, military, hardware, and factories held their inaugural meeting. From January 14th to 18th, the first Nanjing Student Congress was held, and the "Nanjing Student Union Constitution" and "Nanjing Student Movement's Resolution on Current Tasks" were passed. On January 16, the Municipal People's Victory Real Bond Promotion Committee was established. On January 20, the city embankment repair committee was established. On January 22, Yongli Factory, the largest private factory in our city, established a Federation of Trade Unions. On January 27, the reception work of the East China Working Group of the Government Affairs Council was successfully completed, and it was decided to set up the Nanjing Office of the Government Administration Council. On January 28, in order to prevent floods and ensure production, the work of repairing dikes in the suburbs of the city was fully started, and more than 21,000 soldiers and civilians participated. On February 3, the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce invited representatives of private factories to discuss the government's loan policy: those who benefit the national economy and people's livelihood will be strongly supported, and those who use loans to speculate and manipulate will be punished. On February 7, various business departments in the city held a symposium to study economic accounting and democratic management. On February 11, the municipal party committee called on all agencies and troops in the city to carry out the activity of saving 1 meal to relieve the victims. On February 12, the Preparatory Committee of the Nanjing Branch of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang was established. On February 14, the preparatory committee for the construction of the People's Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery in our city was established, with Liu Shuzhou as the chairman, and Tang Tingbao and Zhu Qiluan as the vice-chairmen. On February 19, three Jiang planes bombed our city, killing 14 people and injuring more than 40. Approved by the municipal government on February 22, Jiangnan Automobile Co., Ltd. implemented a public-private partnership. On February 23, the East China Military and Political Committee was established. On February 28, three Jiang B24 planes dropped 19 bombs on Xiaguan, killing 39 people and injuring 92. Various districts of our city set up protection brigades to actively carry out anti-bombing campaigns. On March 3, the Government Administration Council announced the "Decision on Unifying the National Financial and Economic Work", which stipulates that the national fiscal revenue and expenditure, material dispatch and cash management will be unified and used by the state. From March 10th to 12th, the city's first trade union member congress was held, and the Nanjing Federation of Trade Unions was formally established. On March 20, the Nanjing Trade Treasury was established. On March 21, the Nanjing branch of China's four professional companies of grain, flower gauze, local products and department stores was established. On March 24, the Municipal Finance and Economics Committee issued a notice on freezing the existing materials of the department. On March 31, the Disciplinary Inspection Committee of the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China was established. The Municipal Public Security Bureau cracked down on two spy organizations, the "China Youth Anti-Communist League" and the "Suzhou, Zhejiang and Anhui People's Anti-Communist Army". On April 4, representatives of various units in our city went to Yuhuatai to visit the grave. On April 6, the Nanjing Branch of the East China Office of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was formally established. On April 7th, the Municipal Party Committee invited the main leaders of the democratic parties in Nanjing to discuss the issue of strengthening unity and cooperation with democrats and non-party mass organizations. On April 11, the Municipal Party Committee issued instructions on learning from Stalin and Mao Zedong's theory that Communist Party members should be good at uniting and cooperating with non-Party masses. From April 12th to 16th, the third meeting of the people's representatives from all walks of life in the city was held, and the "Decision of the Central People's Government Administration Council on Unifying the State's Financial and Economic Work in order to ensure the thorough implementation of it" was passed. On April 24, people from all walks of life in our city gathered to celebrate the anniversary of Nanjing's liberation.