Chapter 4 Chapter 4

In order to defend Shanghai, the Kuomintang reactionaries exhausted their scheming. Also in March, the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Garrison Headquarters with Tang Enbo as the commander-in-chief moved from Nanjing to Shanghai, showing the importance it attaches to Shanghai. In April, the Songhu Defense Command was established, with Shi Jue, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Garrison Command, as the commander, to command the troops guarding Shanghai.The Songhu Garrison Headquarters continued to exist, with Chen Daqing as the commander, responsible for commanding the gendarmerie, police and traffic police corps, and responsible for "suppressing traitors and rebels, and maintaining order and public security in the city."The defenders stationed by the Kuomintang in Shanghai consisted of the 37th, 52nd, and 75th armies, 7 traffic police corps, 2 security police corps, and 15 regiments including military police, armored troops, and artillery.After the People's Liberation Army crossed the river, the 21st, 123rd, 51st, 54th Army and 99th Division that had fled from the river defense line were also added to the ranks of the Shanghai defenders, and the 12th Army was transferred from Zhejiang.In addition to the more than 30 ships of the Navy's First Military Region stationed in Shanghai, and more than 130 aircraft in 4 air force brigades, the Shanghai garrison has 8 armies, 25 divisions, and more than 200,000 people.

Telegram from Tang Enbo's Inauguration as Commander-in-Chief of the Beijing-Shanghai Security Command According to Tang Enbo's plan, the defense of Shanghai will be a joint operation of the land, sea, and air force, stick to the suburbs, block the urban area, consolidate Wusong, ensure the sea retreat, use Jiangwan and Longhua airports on a mobile basis, and maintain air passages.He took Puxi as the focus of defending Shanghai, and placed 20 divisions of 6 armies in Puxi, and 5 divisions of 2 armies in Pudong.Tang Enbo sent alerts and controls to Taicang, Kunshan, Liuhe, Jiading, Qingpu, Jiashan, Pinghu, Zhapu, Jinshanwei, Nanhui and other places.With Nanxiang, Huacao, Qibao, Huajing in Puxi and Chuansha City to Beicai in Pudong as the outlying positions, Puxi is defended by the 8th Division attached to the 123rd Army, and Pudong is defended by the 37th Army.The main positions are Shizilin, Yuepu, Yangxing, Liuxing, Dachang, Zhenru, Beixinjing, Hongqiao, and Longhua in Puxi, which are defended by the 52nd, 54th, and 75th armies respectively; Pudong Yangsi, Tangqiao, and Yangjing , Gaoxing, and Gaoqiao are defended by the 37th and 12th armies.The Yuepu-Hongqiao section of the main position is about 3 to 6 kilometers deep and is the key defensive zone.The core position used 32 tall buildings in the urban area as defensive strongholds, with the International Hotel and Broadway Building as the east and west headquarters, and sandbags were piled up at important intersections, and wooden horses and barbed wire fences were arranged to prepare for street fighting.The 21st, 51st Army and 99th Division are stationed in the urban area.

The Shanghai Municipal Government issued an order to the Municipal Police Department to complete the combat readiness for the security police as soon as possible (November 27, 1948) Shanghai Municipal Government Order Humi Erzi No. 2569 order the police station The case is approved by the Songhu Security Command Headquarters Shensanjizi No. 3300 on behalf of the telegram: 1. The Chaben Garrison Zone has declared martial law. In order to deal with the incident and ensure public security, the two security police corps under your government should complete the battle immediately. Prepare in time, except for communication, engineering, sanitation and other equipment, which shall be supplemented in accordance with the infantry regiment equipment standards, and the motor vehicle brigade shall have enough fuel for three months for regular use and 5,000 gallons for emergency use. Prepare one ammunition base and two reserve bases for use when necessary.2. Please check and follow up.and so on.Attached is a base table of weapon equipment and ammunition stockpiling.In addition to replying to the letter, the cooperative bank copied and distributed the original form, ordering the bureau to comply with the notification.This order.

Correspondence between Songhu Security Command, Shanghai Municipal Government, etc. regarding the Shanghai urban security plan (February-March 1949) Songhu Police Headquarters sent a telegram to the municipal government (February 10) Songhu Police Headquarters telegram Fuyi Mingzi No. 404 Municipal Government 1. In view of the current urgency, the security plan of Shanghai urban area is re-planned and attached with the telegram; 2. The implementation of this plan shall be ordered by this Ministry; 3. Please check and assist me, and I will be grateful for your reply. Commander Chen Daqing (India)

February 10th, the thirty-eighth year of the Republic of China (Ministry seal) Attachment: Urban Police Plan First, policy 1. The purpose of the Headquarters is to ensure the safety of the Shanghai urban area and maintain social order, that is, to use the existing army, constitution, and police to cooperate with various self-defense forces, to unify command, to divide the guards, to eliminate traitors, to prevent riots, to strengthen various military facilities, and to quickly Complete the battle preparations. Second, guiding essentials 2. Divide the whole city into three garrison areas. The commanders of each area will command the attached military, constitutional, and police forces in a unified manner. They will be fully responsible for the security and security within the area, and will strictly implement all laws and regulations related to martial law and garrison.

3. The sub-districts of the Huangpu River and the second banks of the Suzhou Creek are responsible for the security, and the security and security on the water. 4. Each sub-district shall be divided into several points for all ports, stations, airports, foreign consulates, public utility agencies, and important production factories (special attention should be paid to water, electricity, and telecommunications bureaus) within the jurisdiction, and the security shall be strengthened to be thorough. 5. The various sub-regions should keep in touch with each other frequently. In the event of unexpected emergencies, they should also support each other regardless of boundaries, and quickly suppress and extinguish them, so as to achieve the effect of coordination.

6. Special attention should be paid to maintaining the order of stations and docks, and the commanders of the sub-districts in charge shall effectively implement the regulations promulgated by the Ministry.In addition, in the vicinity of stations, ports, airports, public utility agencies, and important production factories, fortifications should be constructed to form strong and independent strongholds. 7. The traffic safety of the Beijing-Shanghai and Shanghai-Hangzhou railways shall be maintained by the first brigade of traffic police in conjunction with the two railway bureau police departments. Special attention must be paid to the guarding of important stations and bridges. All relevant divisions shall effectively cooperate with each other .

8. The military warehouses of food and ammunition set up by the central military organs in Shanghai shall be protected by the subordinate guardianship units themselves, and shall be connected with the relevant sub-districts for mutual support. 9. In addition to the picket teams sent by the headquarters to strictly ban stragglers, hooligans, and unscrupulous elements in the urban area, each sub-district shall earnestly take responsibility for banning them in accordance with the banning measures promulgated by the headquarters. 10. Wounded officers and soldiers will be strictly controlled by the relevant rear hospitals, and those who go out to cause trouble at will will be regarded as stragglers and will be strictly banned by the military police of each division.

11. Refugees coming to Shanghai from all over the country should ask the municipal government to send them to the inland provinces for resettlement. If they cannot be sent, please do your best to provide relief or use work-for-relief methods, so that they can take on road construction and other work to maintain their lives. life, so as to avoid breeding disputes and affecting social order. 12. Each district should organize inspection teams to patrol closely day and night in the area under its jurisdiction to prevent accidents from happening. 13. The branch roads leading to the urban area should be inspected at the entrances, such as Caohejing, Dachang, Zhenru, Nantou, Wusong, Hongqiao, etc., and all of them can be blocked if necessary.

14. Those who spread rumors and create troubles should be thoroughly investigated, and the radio broadcasts and reactionary publications of traitors must be strictly banned. 15. Firearms for civilian use shall apply to the Municipal Police Station for inspection and license in accordance with the "Regulations on the Administration of Self-Defense Firearms" promulgated by the National Government, and the Municipal Police Bureau, together with the Civil Affairs Bureau, shall follow the "Measures for the Unified Use of Civilian Firearms in Groups of Counties and Cities" issued by the Ministry of National Defense and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. "Registration of formation within a time limit, those who hide and fail to report or do not comply with the order of formation registration will be severely punished in accordance with the law.

16. The Baojia organization in this city should ask the Civil Affairs Bureau to be responsible for thorough consolidation and make it sound. Each Baojia chief should be under the command of the commander of the district in charge, and always take full responsibility for checking household registration and detecting traitors. When necessary, five households can be implemented. Joint guarantee system to prevent the activities of bandits and espionage. 17. The self-defense forces of the Municipal People's Self-Defense Corps, Volunteer Police Corps, Nursing Corps, Garrison Police Corps, Public Training Corps, and other state-owned enterprises and important manufacturers that have been trained in this city will be jointly trained by the headquarters, and may be organized by the Ministry when necessary. The commanders of the garrison divisions where they are located are in a unified command, and cooperate with the military and police to maintain public order in the urban area. Third, deployment of troops and division of tasks 18. Army Division First partition: And Commander Zhou Lixing, Deputy Commander of Songhu Garrison Command Deputy Commander Yu Shuping, Chief of Shanghai Police Department Each police station in the district Gendarmerie in this division Security Police First Corps The first and second teams of the security brigade of the headquarters Second partition: And Commander Xu Langxuan, Commander of the 208th Division Cai Longren, head of the Ninth Regiment of the Gendarmerie and Deputy Commander Deputy Commander Wang Ruihan, Captain of the Second Police Corps Each police station in the district Gendarmerie in this division Security Police Second Brigade (owed to the Third Brigade) The third and fourth teams of the security brigade of the headquarters Third Division: And Commander Luo Ze, Commander of the 37th Army (The 38th Army will be added to the division if necessary) Deputy Commander Huang Jun, Director of Yangjing Police Station Each police station in the district Gendarmerie in this division Security Police Second Corps Second Brigade Headquarters Security Brigade Sixth Team Songhu Garrison Brigade (temporarily not serving as garrison duty) Forces directly under the Central Government (Organs) The 208th Division (attached to the Second Corps of Traffic Police) Songhu Police Brigade Headquarters Secret Service Battalion Ninth Regiment of the Gendarmerie (owed to the gendarmerie of each division) 3rd and 4th Battalions of Armored Cars 19. The division of the city's security areas is as attached. 20. Tasks of each unit: 1.The commanders of each division will command the military, police, constitutional local teams and the armed forces of the people in the area under their jurisdiction, and be responsible for carrying out the various tasks of the guidance of this plan, maintaining order in the area, coping with all temporary changes, and actively completing all preparations for defending Shanghai; 2.The security on both sides of the rivers and rivers in each sub-district is fully responsible for the relevant police sub-stations, and the security of the water surface of the Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek is fully responsible for the water police sub-bureau of the Shanghai Municipal Police Bureau; 3. The first brigade of traffic police and the road police of the two roads are responsible for maintaining the order and driving safety of the Beijing-Shanghai and Shanghai-Hangzhou railway stations; 4.The reserve team and directly-administered troops are temporarily assembled and trained first, and their tasks are provisionally stipulated; 5.The garrison brigade is temporarily on standby for training in Pudong. Fourth, intelligence search 21. The intelligence organization of all the agencies, forces and groups in the urban area shall be planned, supervised and used by the Inspection Office of the Headquarters in conjunction with the Second Office to form a dense intelligence network. 22. Information search items are as follows: 1.Bandit troops and operations; 2.Overview of the military, political, economic, and cultural activities of the traitor party; 3.General social developments related to law and order; 4.Situations of espionage. 23. When necessary, the intelligence personnel of each intelligence agency shall be given short-term training by the Headquarters Audit Division in conjunction with the Second Division to improve their quality and enhance their skills in collection, organization, and judgment. 24. The original reward and punishment method for intelligence personnel was strictly implemented to strictly enforce the discipline of intelligence personnel. Fifth, transportation and communication 25. For the means of transportation needed for security, the Headquarters shall consult and request the Shanghai Transportation Headquarters and relevant units to prepare for deployment at any time. For roads and bridges, the Shanghai Municipal Engineering Commission, in conjunction with the Public Works Bureau, quickly strengthened repairs and improved them for backup. 26. The water and land transportation vehicles for military and civilian use in urban areas shall be investigated and organized by the Headquarters in conjunction with the Public Utilities Bureau, and requisitioned according to law when necessary. 27. For communication, use the Shanghai automatic telephone and the military telephone set up by the headquarters to form a communication network for communication. However, the headquarters should have two or more communication facilities for command posts and prepare for wireless communication facilities. 28. All government agencies and troops shall make emergency repair preparations in time for the traffic and communication within the area under their jurisdiction to avoid interruption. 29. All troops should prepare motorcycles, bicycles, etc., and use other supplementary means of communication to assist in communication. Sixth, supply sanitation 30. The grain and ammunition of each unit should still be requested from the competent authority for supplement according to the original procedure. 31. The Shanghai Supply Bureau of the Joint Logistics Headquarters should request to fully stockpile the military forces needed for operations in this garrison area. The fourth department of the headquarters will first discuss with the Shanghai Supply Bureau the methods of stockpiling grain, ammunition, and gasoline reserves, and strive to supply them. plenty. 32. The ammunition required by the Security Police Corps under the Municipal Police Department must have at least one ammunition distribution base and two storage bases.In addition, the motor vehicle brigade of the Bureau should also prepare three months of regular oil and 5,000 gallons of emergency oil to meet the needs of wartime. The preparation of food, ammunition and gasoline for each unit under the command of the Headquarters shall be handled in accordance with regulations. 33. The type and quantity of the existing military-related materials in this city shall be investigated by the Headquarters in conjunction with the Police Department and the Social Affairs Bureau. If necessary, they shall be purchased at a price and controlled. 34. The wounded officers and soldiers of each army will be transferred to the Shanghai Supply Bureau by the health institutions of each army and sent to Jiangwan Army General Hospital and other rear hospitals for shelter and treatment. 35. Petition to the Ministry of National Defense to order the Joint Logistics Headquarters to provide as much medical equipment and sanitation materials as possible for the military hospitals set up in the garrison area. 36. The hospitals affiliated to the Municipal Health Bureau and the Labor Hospital affiliated to the Social Bureau should enrich medical equipment and add hospital beds to meet the needs of wartime, and cooperate with the police station to organize ambulance teams and stretcher teams. 37. The Municipal Health Bureau should investigate the number of practicing physicians and nurses for recruitment, and forward to the Association of New Drugs and the Association of New Medical Device Industry to check and report the quantity of medical device materials, and purchase or requisition them at a price when necessary. Seventh, other 38. Each sub-district should immediately formulate a detailed implementation plan according to the provisions of this plan, submit it to the Ministry for approval, and implement it conscientiously. 39. At present, due to the increasingly tense current situation and social turmoil, each district has plans and preparations for suppressing riots and dealing with emergencies anytime and anywhere, and conducts various necessary exercises to gain proficiency. 40. The air defense of each division should immediately organize the infantry and machine gun anti-aircraft team in accordance with the regulations, and the evacuation and cover of the soldiers and other facilities that should be used for passive air defense should also be planned in advance to ensure safety. 41. In addition to promptly handling any situation found by each division, it must immediately report to the headquarters for approval. 42. If there are any unfinished matters in this plan, it can be ordered to supplement and amend at any time. 43. This plan will be implemented with another order, and first reported to the Beijing-Shanghai Police Headquarters of the Ministry of National Defense for record. (See also picture) Instruction from the Municipal Government to the Civil Affairs Bureau (February 24) Instruction Shanghai Secret II (38) No. 2906 Civil Affairs Bureau The case is approved by the Songhu Police Command Ai Yi Ming Zi No. 404 on behalf of the telegram: "1. The "Shanghai City Security Plan" is hereby re-planned for the urgent need at present; 2. The implementation of this plan will be handled separately This department orders; 3, please look up and assist Huifu to be a burden" and so on.A copy of the original plan is attached to go through the government, and the city's Suzhou, Henan, North, and Pudong areas are divided into three security areas, and commanders are respectively designated to be in charge of security; it is related to the emergency facilities of the city's security system. In addition to the compliance of the relevant bureaus, the cooperative bank issued a copy of the original plan, ordering the bureau to effectively comply with the supervisory matters and report, relying on the return.This order. Copy and send a copy of the original plan and attached drawings. Mayor Wu Guozhen (India) February 24th, 38th Year of the Republic of China (City Government Seal) Submitted by Public Security Bureau (March 5) Shanghai Public Utilities Bureau Chengshigong (38) Mizi No. 41003 According to the order No. 2906 of Shanghai Secretary 2 (38) of Junfu, the police sent the Songhu Garrison Headquarters to send a telegram to the city's garrison plan to comply with the matters in charge, and earnestly complied with the notification.Equal cause.Check the public utilities in the plan: 1. To strengthen the vigilance of public utility agencies.2. To assist the Garrison Headquarters in compiling and checking vehicles.3. To communicate between city telephones and military telephones.Except for the second item, which has been negotiated with the Garrison Headquarters, regarding the first item, the "Key Points for Security Facilities of Public Utilities Institutions" has been drafted, and together with the security plan, all public utility agencies will be ordered to implement it.The third item is to be discussed with the telephone agency and the police department.According to the antecedents of the order, a copy of the key points of the reasonable inspection agreement is prepared and submitted for reply.Pray and pray for nuclear recovery.Sincerely Mayor Wu A copy of the main points of security facilities of public utility institutions Zhao Zengjue, Director of Public Utilities Bureau (director's seal) March 5th, 38th year of the Republic of China (bureau seal) Key Points for Security Facilities of Public Utilities 1. Each public utility agency shall contact the police agency responsible for guarding the area. 2. The person in charge of the security matters and the person responsible for contacting each public utility institution shall designate a commissioner to arrange a duty roster. The name list and duty roster of the personnel mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be distributed to the local police agencies and public utility bureaus for reference. 3. Each public utility organization should draw a concise map showing the organization's affiliated units and important equipment distributed outside (such as power plants and transformer substations of electric companies, water plants of water supply companies and important water pipelines exposed on the ground, gas companies Gas plants and booster stations, etc.) specify the name and location of each, and distribute to the security agencies and public utility bureaus for future reference. 4. Each public utility agency shall invite the commander and deputy commander of the security agency in charge to inspect the important equipment that must be protected.At the same time, the security matters and contact methods to be handled will be negotiated and reported to the Public Security Bureau for future reference. Social Bureau submitted (March 22) Shanghai Social Bureau Report (38) Zi No. 01775 The case was submitted to the Junfu Humi 2 (38) Zi No. 2906 Instruction: Forward the urban security plan, and strictly follow the supervisory matters, so as to rely on the reply.Equal cause.With this in mind, I will make a report on the handling of matters under the jurisdiction of this bureau; prepare the document and submit it for review and remittance.To Wu, Mayor of Shanghai A report on the implementation of the urban security plan is attached to the plan Cao Peizi, director of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Social Affairs (director's seal) March 22, 38th year of the Republic of China Shanghai Municipal Social Bureau's report on the handling of urban security plans 1. Regarding resettlement of refugees (i.e. the eleventh item of the original plan) The repatriation of refugees from various places to Shanghai was actively handled in June last year, and a plan was drawn up and submitted to the Ministry of Social Affairs for approval, while requesting the allocation of funds.As of January this year, 5,000 people were allowed to be sent to Jiangxi for land reclamation by order of the Ministry, and this bureau was designated to handle it in conjunction with the Shanghai Refugee Evacuation General Station.A total of more than 1,000 people have been deported in five batches, and there are still about 6,000 people who have been registered and are waiting to be deported.Now we are organizing and negotiating the transportation, and the refugees staying in Shanghai are divided into two parts: shelter and work relief, so as to maintain their lives.Since October 1936, three shelters and fourteen work relief centers have been set up.The shelter has a maximum capacity of more than 3,000 people, and the work relief center has a maximum capacity of more than 5,000 people.At present, the shelter and work relief work is still often continued. 2. Regarding the banning of reactionary publications (i.e., the fourteenth item of the original plan) The city's general inspection of publications, together with relevant units, organized a patrol inspection team, and the inspection began on March 4.All publications without a registration certificate will be detained for review and dealt with. For publications that have been registered in accordance with the law, if the contents contain rumormongers and reactionary speeches, they will be punished separately and will be inspected and enforced at any time. 3. Relevant military supplies (i.e. item 33 of the original plan) The investigation bureau is in charge of business and military supplies are only two items of coal and cotton cloth. Regarding the investigation of coal storage, according to the municipal government's Humi Er (38) Zi No. 0416 order, the investigation and newspaper industry will store coal from about 6,000 tons to one The figure of 10,000 tons was conveyed to the record in Yi (38) Zi No. 2614.The investigation of cotton and fine cloth has also been ordered by the bureau to order the Cotton, Cotton Cloth and Other Commercial Associations in this city and the Cotton Textile Industry Association in the Sixth District to check and fill in the report with the No. 2 (38) Zi No. 0202. Complete and report immediately. 4. Regarding labor hospitals (i.e. item 36 of the original plan) At the beginning of the Second Labor Hospital in Chaben City, the Bureau and the Municipal Social Welfare Commission raised funds to build the hospital and purchase equipment.After the building of the residential building is completed, it will be taken over by the board of directors organized by the hospital. All facilities are under the responsibility of the board of directors, not under the management of the Bureau.The original plan stipulates that the equipment should be enriched to meet the needs of wartime, and it is planned to transfer it to the board of directors of the hospital for investigation and implementation. In Shanghai and its surrounding areas, the Kuomintang built reinforced concrete bunkers under the guidance of foreign military experts long before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War.After the Japanese imperialists occupied Shanghai, they also built permanent fortifications here. In 1948, the Kuomintang reactionaries once again built a large number of reinforced concrete bunkers.In January 1949, Tang Enbo decided to further repair and improve these fortifications. For this reason, he specially organized the Shanghai Fortification Construction Committee to carry out this matter, and the construction was basically completed by the beginning of May.At this time, there were many bunkers around Shanghai, with a total of 5,000 reinforced concrete bunkers, plus more than 10,000 satellite fortifications and semi-permanent field bunkers. There are 7 to 10 auxiliary fortifications such as bamboo sticks and fences.The Kuomintang reactionaries boasted that they were stronger than the Maginot Line.In order to facilitate defense, the Kuomintang reactionaries also ordered the clearing of the shooting range, and all trees, bamboo forests, houses, graves, etc. that hinder shooting within a distance of 5,000 meters from the front of the position were cleared. In order to strictly control the troops, the day after the liberation of Nanjing, that is, April 24, Tang Enbo issued a battle order, clamoring to "fight to save the world, save people, and save the country", stipulating that those who abandon their positions, those who disrupt the order of operations, and those who leave their posts without permission Those who hesitate, those who hesitate, etc., are to be put to death. When Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Shanghai at the end of April, he once said to the Kuomintang generals: "I ask you to fight in Shanghai for 6 months, even if you have completed the task." Materials and equipment, while fantasizing about changes in the international situation, the United States can send troops to intervene.Tang Enbo boasted loudly that he wanted to make Shanghai "Second Stalingrad".However, this can only be a bold boast.No one among the military and political officials of the Kuomintang who understands the mystery will believe this. The mayor of Shanghai, Wu Guozhen, had resigned before the war broke out under the pretext of "succumbing to a chronic illness" as early as early April.The successor mayor, Chen Liang, also preached on the stage of Tianchan on May 16: "We have the Great Wall, both visible and invisible, and strong fortresses like Verdun and Stalingrad. Shanghai will always be ours." On the 24th, When the war in Shanghai was in full swing, he also slipped away.Before Chen Liang, Tang Enbo, who was once as strong as a cow, had already gone to Wusong.That place is undoubtedly the most convenient for escaping from Shanghai. Heavy soldiers, blockhouses, shackles, and butcher knives cannot save the fate of the Kuomintang reactionaries.