Chapter 4 Chapter 03

My army going south is about to enter Guangdong, wipe out the remnants of Chiang Kai-shek, liberate Guangzhou, and liberate the entire province of Guangdong.This large-scale combat operation must be supported by huge and powerful support work.Therefore, the party, government, army, and people of Guangdong Province should mobilize urgently to fully support the army to fight and strive for a quick victory in this battle.For this reason, the sub-bureau made the following decisions regarding the pre-support work: 1. I have a total of ××× million troops in the south, and ×× horses. The food, firewood, fodder, oil and salt, vegetables, migrant workers, stretchers, and transportation tools required are huge.According to the preliminary budget, time × months, the required amount is as follows:

(1) Grain, firewood and fodder, (omitted). (2) Stretchers for migrant workers (omitted). (3) Contact person. The task of the liaison officer is mainly to act as a translator, to investigate the route, to be a guide, etc. The local people who understand a little Mandarin are suitable. Each group needs x people, and a total of x x x x x people are needed. 2. According to the plan of the North Guangdong Headquarters of Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi Frontiers, the whole area of ​​Beijiang can raise ×××10,000 tons of grain. , Luxi Prefectural Committee ×× million dan. According to the above numbers, calculated by population, the population of Beijiang is 2,367,789, with an average burden of 17.7 catties per person.Calculated in terms of acres, the whole Beijiang cultivated land is 2.87 million×1081 mu, with an average burden of 17.4 jin per mu.For example, based on an average yield of 250 jin per mu, the burden accounts for less than 7% of the yield.

Compared with the past burden of the Beijiang Liberated Area, this burden is naturally a little heavier, but compared with the Kuomintang's past grain requisition, it is much lighter.In the past, the KMT’s grain requisition was divided into upper, middle, and lower grades. Based on the average grain requisition of five buckets (50 catties) per mu, the average burden per person was 51.8 catties, almost three times the average grain burden of my current grain requisition. .Therefore, the 420,000 dan of grain raised this time is not too heavy a burden on the people, and it is estimated that it can be completed.

Migrant workers, in addition to mobilizing all young and middle-aged men and women to join the ordinary migrant labor team, according to the population of each township, mobilize 2% to 5% of the young and middle-aged men to join the standing migrant labor team.There are up to 10,000 migrant workers in Beijiang area, and 1,500 stretchers can be prepared. Repair of roads and bridges.If the roadbed is destroyed, the local people will be mobilized to repair it in time; if the bridge is destroyed, the local government and the army will be jointly responsible for the construction.The timber needed for bridge repairs was levied or temporarily felled by the local government, and the various iron nails needed were jointly planned and resolved by the local government and the army.

A group of intellectuals can be drawn from Dongjiang and Beijiang as liaison officers. According to the current local work situation, there are still many difficulties in the pre-support work as follows: First, many areas in northern Guangdong are still controlled by the enemy, and the enemy is now preparing to destroy roads and rob food.Explosives have been placed near many bridges. Once our army arrives, the bridges will be destroyed when the enemy retreats.Some bridge projects are relatively large and time-consuming to repair, which brings great difficulties to my transportation.Although the amount of food I plan to raise is not large, the masses are willing to send food to support our army, but if the enemy robs food, the masses may not be able to provide food, which will make it impossible for me to complete the food raising plan.

Second, the area west of the northern Guangdong road is under the leadership of Xijiang, and the northern Guangdong headquarters has not yet formally contacted it. The pre-support work cannot be unified for a while, and various preparations may not be completed in time. Third, although the grain requisition work has been planned, it has not yet been arranged.After all the counties have collected all the grain, they have to be transported to the areas where the army passed by. However, the transportation in northern Guangdong is inconvenient, and the transportation is difficult. There are many mountain roads that have to be carried by people. Each person can only carry 50 catties. The speed is slow.In short, food cannot be raised quickly, even if a part of the food is raised, it is difficult to ensure that it can be quickly concentrated and supplied to the army.

Fourth, there are insufficient cadres and lack of experience.At present, there are not many local cadres in the Beijiang area. Although the sub-bureau has assigned some cadres, it is still not enough to complete such a huge pre-support work.From the leading comrades to the lower cadres, there is not much experience in supporting the front work, and such large-scale combat operations with multiple troops have never been experienced in the past.Therefore, the pre-support work may not be suitable for the requirements of the army. For the above-mentioned difficulties, we must fully estimate and carefully study the specific methods to overcome them, otherwise, all plans may fail and the pre-support work will not be completed.Therefore, localities and troops must take the initiative. On the one hand, the local party, government, and people must concentrate all their strength and use all means to complete the task of supporting the front during this period; Instead, we should assist the local government to borrow grain, mobilize migrant workers, organize transportation, and prepare to raise grain automatically and directly on the spot when necessary.Only in this way can we keep the military aircraft in check.

3. Regarding the pre-support work, the following specific regulations and arrangements must be made. (1) Establish a unified pre-support organization. 1. The front support work in the entire northern Guangdong, including the Luxi area, is under the unified command of the Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi Border Vertical North Guangdong Command. 2. There are four front headquarters under the Northern Guangdong Command: Wengjiang Front Headquarters, Wuling Branch Front Headquarters, Lianxian Branch Front Headquarters, Qing (far) British (German) Branch Front Headquarters.Counties and districts also set up pre-branch headquarters as much as possible, townships set up pre-branch command posts, and villages set up pre-branch commanders.Front support organizations must be established along the routes that troops must pass through and in nearby areas.

3. Headquarters at all levels, with the participation of party, government, and civilian leading cadres at all levels, and the heads of all levels (commissioner, secretary of the prefectural party committee, county head, secretary of the county party committee, district chief, and secretary of the district party committee) are divided into commanders, The political commissar implements unified leadership. 4. According to the needs of the work, the pre-support headquarters at all levels shall set up departments for finance and food, transportation, traffic, migrant workers, and general affairs to perform various pre-support tasks and work intensively.

5. Establish a vertical leadership relationship between the front support headquarters at all levels. All orders, instructions, and notices issued by the front support headquarters at the lower level to the front support headquarters at the higher level must be effectively implemented, and work reports should be made to the higher level on a regular basis. (2) Borrowing grain to work. 1. Distribution of the loan amount.The distribution of the amount of grain borrowed by the local committees to each county should generally be carried out in accordance with the distribution plan of the Northern Guangdong Command. However, under the condition that the total amount remains unchanged, appropriate changes can also be made according to the concentration or dispersion of the land in each county and the needs of the troops. .The counties and districts are allocated appropriately, and the districts are allocated to the townships. Each township should follow the reasonable burden policy and determine the amount of grain that each household should borrow through democratic deliberation. Half a catty of grass.However, because the areas where the troops pass through require more firewood than other areas, the ratio can be adjusted appropriately.

The distribution of the amount of borrowed food should be properly regulated according to the specific situation of local food storage, wealth, and past requisitions. On the one hand, the supply of troops should be ensured, and on the other hand, the affordability of the masses should be taken into account.In the areas where our army passes, if the masses are in difficulty due to excessive borrowing of grain, they should transfer grain from other areas to provide relief, so as not to burden one area too heavily. 2. The object of borrowing food.The central government and the Central China Bureau have clearly stipulated the policy of borrowing grain. The main objects of borrowing grain are landlords and rich peasants, followed by middle peasants.The amount of grain to be borrowed, based on the total grain income of each household, should not exceed 40-50% for landlords, 25-35% for rich peasants, 20% for tenant-rich peasants, 10-15% for middle peasants, and no more than 10-15% for poor peasants. Borrowing, only when it is absolutely necessary (such as areas with many troops and little food), you can borrow a little less, no more than 5%.This policy must be resolutely implemented, not only opposing the method of equal apportionment regardless of the rich and the poor, so as not to put the burden on the poor peasants, but also not to borrow too much grain from the landlords and rich peasants, and hit them too hard.Leading organs at all levels should strictly check whether there is any violation of the policy in the borrowed grain, and make corrections in time. For example, in the Liberated Areas, if the peasants did not pay the rent to the landlord after the summer harvest, they could borrow grain from the peasants first, but this kind of grain borrowing was considered as the rent paid by the peasants to the landlord, and the peasants could give the grain stamps to the landlord to offset the rent. 3. The method of borrowing food.The grain borrowing work group is organized with the county as the unit. The group can be divided into several teams, go deep into the countryside, and carry out the grain borrowing work according to the policy.Both the working group and the working team should be led by competent cadres. It is estimated that due to the shortage of cadres, time is tight, and it is difficult for local comrades to complete the task of borrowing food in time, so the pro-democracy work team of the army should rush to the areas where the troops are about to gather or pass, and help the local comrades to carry out the work of borrowing food to ensure the safety of the troops. supply. In the new areas where our regime has not yet been established or consolidated, it is necessary to use the old Baojia personnel correctly as much as possible so that the food loan work can be completed quickly.However, we must first explain our policy of borrowing grain to the masses, and after democratic deliberation by the masses, determine the amount of grain borrowing to prevent the Baojia personnel from arbitrarily apportioning it.It is also necessary to strictly supervise the Baojia personnel, check the accounts, and announce the borrowed food figures to the public to prevent them from engaging in malpractice and embezzlement. 4. Procedures for borrowing food.The Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi Frontier Command, the Political Department, and the Dongjiang and Beijiang Administrative Committees printed unified grain loan certificates, which were divided into several types according to the size of the face value, and distributed to counties, districts, and townships.After the grain is borrowed, the direct collection agency and the person handling the loan will stamp the grain loan certificate and hand it over to the borrower according to the amount of the borrowed grain.Except for this kind of unified food loan certificate, other food stamps and white slips are generally prohibited. If the food supply is not enough, when the army’s pro-democracy work directly borrows food from the masses, it must negotiate with the former headquarters of the county branch, and obtain a certain number of food loan certificates according to the actual needs of the army to borrow food from the county. Distributed to borrowers.Only in areas where the people's government has not yet been established, there is no pre-support organization, no grain station, and it is too late to negotiate with the front headquarters of the township branch, and the army's food preparation team cannot obtain a grain loan certificate, etc., rice tickets and firewood tickets can be used as food loans In the future, households borrowing grain can also pay the public grain with the top of the ticket. 5. Concentration of food.On the main traffic roads that the army passed by, grain stations were set up in a planned way to concentrate the grain and grind it into white rice for storage to supply the needs of the troops.At the same time, residents and merchants near grain stations should be mobilized to purchase large quantities of oil, salt, and vegetables, and the pre-support headquarters should set appropriate prices for the troops to purchase. 6. Food payment procedures.When the troops receive food from the grain station, they must hand over food stamps equal to the amount received, and the grain station will report the account to the former headquarters with the grain stamps.It is stipulated that the food stamps of the original Central China and East China are universal and will not be printed separately.However, each corps shall not exceed the budgeted amount to receive rations with food stamps, and the heads of each corps, army, and division must strictly control it to prevent waste. 7. At present, the work of borrowing grain has not yet officially started, and the army is about to enter Guangdong in late September. Therefore, some grain must be transported from southern Jiangxi to Nanxiong and Shixing, and some grain from Rucheng to Renhua and Lechang. To ensure the food supply of the troops. 8. The pre-support organizations and troops must pay attention to the scope of requisition as much as possible, strive for maximum dispersion, and expand the scope of requisition. Don't just concentrate on one place to borrow land, so as not to make the masses pay too much food at one time, which will cause resentment. And affect the follow-up troops when there is no food to raise.If the troops rest and reorganize in one place for a long period of time, they can arrange food transfers from far away places, and the vanguard must take care of the rear troops. When the troops enter the city, they mainly rely on confiscation of military rations. If the confiscation is insufficient or not, and there is no food supply for a while, they can temporarily borrow short-term necessities from grain merchants through the old chamber of commerce under the condition that the grain merchants have grain. The food, and then the chamber of commerce is responsible for raising funds to repay at a discount. (3) Migrant workers and stretchers. 1. Mobilization of migrant workers.All able-bodied men aged 18 to 45 and healthy women aged 20 to 40 should be mobilized to join migrant labor teams. Administrative personnel, key members of the militia, teachers and students generally do not need to join the migrant workers' team, so as not to affect work and study. However, if it does not hinder the work and the migrant workers' team must send someone to lead, cadres and militiamen should also participate. Teachers and students Among them, those who voluntarily join the migrant labor team can also be allowed to participate, and they can be allowed to take up some jobs in the migrant labor team. 2. Organization and tasks of migrant workers.Each county organizes a migrant labor group, with the county magistrate and county secretary serving as the group leader and political commissar. Under the group is a battalion, and under the battalion is a company, with about 200 people in each company. There are two types of migrant workers: regular migrant workers and ordinary migrant workers.Standing migrant workers are used for long-distance transportation or accompanying the army; ordinary migrant workers are used for short-distance transportation, carrying stretchers, building bridges and repairing roads, caring for the wounded in the past, and farming on behalf of others.Women should organize women migrant workers teams whose tasks are the same as those of ordinary migrant workers. Standing migrant workers accompanying the army, in addition to carrying stretchers and rescuing the wounded, are also required to transport grain, grass, and ammunition when there are no combat operations or there are not many wounded.Its organization should be more stringent. There must be squads, platoons, and companies for management, and it must be led by competent cadres to avoid confusion and escape.The catering unit must be well organized, and pots, pans, buckets, grain, oil and salt should be properly carried, so as not to move with the army and not get food. 3. Treatment of migrant workers.The treatment of civilian workers accompanying the army is the same as that of the army.The required food will be allocated from the borrowed food, and the food money will be paid in advance by the troops, and will be reimbursed to the pre-support headquarters on schedule. When migrant workers go on a business trip, they will be issued a certain number of migrant worker tickets according to their mission and date (the permanent migrant workers and ordinary migrant workers should get different migrant worker tickets), and the migrant workers can receive migrant labor grain from the village government as a reward.This grain is borne by the villagers on average. During the migrant workers' business trips, the fields are plowed by the migrant workers' sub-farming teams.Contract farming teams can also receive less labor tickets. 4. Preparation of the stretcher.The Wengjiang Prefectural Committee prepared 600 payments for stretchers, and the Northern Guangdong Prefectural Committee prepared 900 payments, for a total of 1,500 payments.Stretcher teams organized in various places need to prepare stretchers by themselves, and 4 people pay for each.Cloth, sacks, hemp rope, and bamboo strips can be used for the stretcher bed. According to the local conditions, use whatever is convenient. (4) Transportation. 1. The enemy has implemented or is preparing to blow up bridges and break roads to hinder the advancement of our army.At present, all localities should actively carry out bridge construction and road construction work.The roads that can be repaired in the old areas should be completely repaired. If the roads cannot be repaired by themselves due to the huge project, the materials should be quickly prepared and transported to the repair site, so that they can be used at any time.Road construction in the new area cannot be started yet, but materials must be secretly prepared so that construction can start immediately after liberation. 2. At present, the routes to be repaired first are: Nanshao Highway, Wengxincong Highway, Wengqian Highway and three ordinary roads from Siqian to Qujiang, from Siqian to Bazi, and from Siqian to Xinjiang. 3. Materials used for bridge repair.It is stipulated that the Wuling Prefectural Committee shall prepare 40,000 pieces of timber, and the Wengjiang Prefectural Committee shall prepare 20,000 pieces of timber.The iron pieces need to be prepared by the local corps respectively. 4. All localities should immediately investigate and register all available means of transportation, such as automobiles, ships, rickshaws, wooden boats, etc., and then mobilize and organize them so that they can be used at any time. 5. Wherever grain stations are set up, traffic stations shall be set up at the same time, responsible for solving the specific difficulties of transportation in various places, and helping troops to investigate routes, mobilize guides, migrant workers and means of transportation. 6. Set up road signs on all major traffic roads to indicate the direction and mileage, and print and distribute traffic route maps as much as possible. 4. It is the first time for me to carry out such a large-scale and heavy support work in the Guangdong area, and whether this work can be done well will directly affect the combat operations of the army.Although we already have many favorable conditions, there are still many difficulties to be overcome.Therefore, all my comrades in the Guangdong Party must do this work wholeheartedly and with all their might.Comrades in the army must also work in unison with the local party and government under unified leadership, cooperate with each other, and help each other.In order to achieve this goal, in addition to making a plan, specifying the number, and making specific arrangements, it is also necessary to carry out a series of propaganda, education, mobilization and explanation work among cadres, party members, the masses, and various corps troops. (1) In-depth mobilization must be carried out among local party and government cadres and all party members. 1. Party and government agencies at all levels in Guangdong Province, especially in northern Guangdong, must take the pre-support work as the most important and urgent central task at present, and work in all aspects should be carried out around this central task.Although there are still many difficulties in the pre-support work, most cadres still lack sufficient experience in this work, but as long as everyone can obey the leadership, work actively, learn with an open mind, and accept the guidance and help of the cadres and comrades going south, we will Have confidence in this daunting task. 2. All comrades must fully understand the significance of the pre-support work.The army entered Guangdong to fight and liberate the entire province of Guangdong. Without the good cooperation of the front support work, it would not be possible to win a quick victory.This is a major issue related to the outcome of the war and the interests of the people of Guangdong Province. Therefore, we must mobilize all forces and go all out. 3. The army going south has gone through hardships, crossed mountains and rivers, moved to the whole country, and won many victories.This time they worked tirelessly to fight in Guangdong, and they have contributed a lot.Our local party and government comrades should welcome and comfort them with great enthusiasm, and should work hard to do a good job in supporting them and give them practical help.They have a lot of valuable combat experience and work experience, and have a good style of heroic sacrifice and hard work, which is worth learning from.However, in an army of hundreds of thousands, it is unavoidable that some elements have low awareness and poor discipline. Local comrades should adopt a forgiving attitude towards these shortcomings, offer good-faith criticism, and do not exaggerate shortcomings and blame the army. 4. When the army is fighting, the task is urgent and there is no need to delay. Many tasks must be completed within a deadline and done on time.In order to cooperate with the army in the pre-support work, the concept of time must be strengthened, and the sooner the better, do not neglect to delay or delay major events.Comrades in the army sometimes have bad attitudes due to urgent tasks. Comrades in the local area should forgive them and put forward their opinions in good faith to the leading organs of the army, so as not to cause misunderstandings due to disputes and affect unity. 5. Pre-support work is a glorious and arduous task.The quality of this task is also a test of my past work achievements in Guangdong.All comrades should give full play to their enthusiasm and creativity in their work, use their utmost efforts to accept this test, and implement policies in the support work. Cadres with outstanding achievements will be praised and rewarded. (2) It is necessary to carry out extensive publicity and explanation among the masses of the people. 1. Since the Great Revolution, the people of Guangdong have always adhered to the revolutionary struggle and have a long-term revolutionary tradition. They also have a correct understanding and deep impression of our party and our army.Due to the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, the people have suffered a lot, and they have long hoped that our army will liberate Guangdong.This time when I heard that our army entered Guangdong, I said: "I would rather go hungry than support the PLA!".The enthusiasm of the people to support our army must be fully commended, which is a reliable basis for completing the task of supporting our army. 2. It is necessary to explain to the people that the National War of Liberation is about to achieve complete victory, the Kuomintang is doomed, and there are very few remaining forces.Wherever our army arrived, the momentum was like a broken bamboo, and the enemy was terrified when they heard the news, and ran away with their heads in their hands.This time our army in Guangdong surpassed the enemy both in quantity and in quality, and with the enthusiastic support of the broad masses of the people, we will surely win. 3. It must be explained to the people that the army cannot fight without the support of the people, and that the military and the people must work together to win the war.For their own liberation, the masses of the people should support the army with all their strength, actively borrow food, actively participate in migrant labor teams, carry stretchers, serve as guides, repair bridges and roads, and transport food and grass.Every time the army goes to a place, it should hold a warm welcome and condolences, and help the army solve various specific difficulties. 4. It is necessary to explain to the people that the scale of this battle is huge and the needs are huge. The burden on the people will inevitably increase, and production will also be considerably affected.However, the entire province of Guangdong will be liberated soon, and after liberation, it will turn to peaceful construction. Although the burden is heavy at present, this is temporary and final.We should consider the long-term interests, not just the immediate ones. (3) General education should be carried out among the units of each corps. 1. This battle in Guangdong is of great significance. On the one hand, it will liberate Guangzhou, a famous big city in the country, and the people of Guangdong Province;In order to win the war, we must rely on the support of the party, political comrades and the broad masses of the people.Therefore, uniting the party and government of Guangdong and the people of Guangdong is also one of the important tasks of our army after entering Guangdong. 2. Although the pre-support work in northern Guangdong has begun, there are still many difficulties. At present, many areas have not yet been liberated, and most of the liberated are new areas. My work foundation is weak, coupled with lack of cadres, lack of experience, and time. It is difficult to complete the pre-support work in time.Comrades in the army must take full account of these difficulties and be prepared to endure them and overcome them.For local pre-support work, don't ask too much and hope too much, but try to step up your own preparatory work. 3. Local comrades must be respected. We should adopt a forgiving attitude towards the shortcomings in the front-support work, and should spare manpower to give practical help. Don't rely on the local government and shirk responsibility.As for the phenomenon of beating and scolding local personnel, it must be absolutely prohibited. If such incidents are found, they must be held accountable and severely criticized and punished. 4. Strictly abide by the discipline of the masses, earnestly implement the "three major disciplines and eight points of attention", and do not violate the interests of the masses under any difficult circumstances.In order to obtain food and grass, one must go through the pre-support agencies and mobilize people's power, and certain procedures should be followed.Buying and selling should be fair, speaking should be kind, if you don’t understand the language, you should speak patiently and slowly, or write it in words, don’t get impatient and get angry.The masses should publicize and explain what our party and our army don't understand, and don't complain that the masses are backward.It must be known that mass discipline is actual propaganda and an important factor in whether our army can win the support of the masses. (4) Strengthen unified leadership and improve the overall concept. To do a good job in the pre-support work, the party, the government, the army, and the people must work together and cooperate with each other.Among the party, the government, the army, and the people, conflicts and mutual complaints are most likely to occur in the front support work.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen unified leadership, improve the overall concept, and oppose emphasizing particularities, emphasizing difficulties, caring only for the part, ignoring the whole, doing things independently, and doing things in their own way.Only in this way can we achieve the same thinking, step in step, unite with each other and cooperate with each other. (5) Pay attention to economy and prevent waste. This pre-support work requires a huge amount of manpower and material resources, and a little carelessness will cause a lot of waste. This must arouse the close attention of all comrades.On the one hand, we must use all our strength to ensure the supply of troops and facilitate the army's operations; but on the other hand, we must also cherish manpower and material resources and take care of the difficulties of the masses.The life of the people of Guangdong has been quite difficult after the long-term plundering and plundering by the Jiang bandits. This time we have to support our army in combat, and the difficulties will increase. If we do not take care of them properly, we may become divorced from the masses.Therefore, comrades who are responsible for the pre-support work must calculate accurately, arrange carefully, strictly implement the system, and do not be negligent.Comrades in the army should prevent false claims and prevent squandering and destruction. All needs should be negotiated with the pre-support agency for unified planning, do not randomly collect random needs, abide by the various systems and regulations of the pre-support agency, and do not covet your own convenience , causing the entire loss.Saving manpower and material resources is of great significance for the current support of war and future production and construction. Comrades!Urgently mobilized, under the unified leadership of the South China Branch, we will strive to complete the arduous task of supporting the front, cooperate with the army to fight, and strive to liberate the entire Guangdong Province as soon as possible. Between May and June 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army not only captured Nanjing, the capital under the reactionary Kuomintang rule, but also liberated major cities such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Wuhan, and Xi'an.On the one hand, our Party Central Committee is preparing to convene a new Political Consultative Conference, which will establish the People's Republic of China; March and wipe out all the remnants of the Kuomintang army on the mainland of the motherland. At that time, most of the remnant Kuomintang troops on the mainland of the motherland were concentrated in South China and Southwest China.The Yu Hanmou Group is guarding Guangdong, the Bai Chongxi Group is guarding Hunan and Guangxi, and the Hu Zongnan Group and local warlords in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces are guarding the Southwest.The total number of troops of these groups is still more than 1 million, and they are colluding with each other to organize the so-called Hunan-Guangdong Joint Defense and the Southwest Defense Line in an attempt to establish their capitals in Guangzhou and Chongqing and carry out stubborn resistance. These remaining enemies must be wiped out quickly.But how to annihilate these enemies?Chairman Mao pointed out in the marching instructions that it is necessary to take a large roundabout action, insert behind the enemy's rear, first complete the encirclement and then fight back.As for the battle in the southwest, it is also emphatically pointed out that it is necessary to advance from the south and cut off its retreat.This is an operational policy of large detours, large encirclement, and large annihilation, and it is an extremely wise decision.This policy is completely different from the method of driving the enemy away, letting the enemy go, and allowing the enemy to flee overseas or the Yunnan-Guizhou area to resist stubbornly.Because although there are still more than one million of these remaining enemies, the entire Kuomintang rule has collapsed, and they cannot resist the attack of the powerful People's Liberation Army; under the attack of the powerful People's Liberation Army, they are likely to flee to Hainan Islands or hedgehogs gather in Yunnan and Guizhou; in this way, it will increase the difficulty of liberating Hainan Island and Yunnan and Guizhou in the future.Adopt a roundabout combat policy, first cut off the enemy's escape route, and then completely wipe out these enemies, so as to avoid future troubles. How to realize this operational policy?Chairman Mao also carefully planned the entire battle plan.According to some telegrams we received at that time, the outline of the combat plan planned by Chairman Mao is as follows: First, the Fourth Corps of the Second Field Army and the Fifteenth Corps of the Fourth Field Army will leave Jiangxi from Guangdong and strive to fight for the battle on October 10. In the second half of the month, Guangzhou was occupied and the enemy Yu Hanmou Group was annihilated; then, in November, the Fourth Corps entered southern Guangxi from Guangdong and detoured to the right side of the Bai Chongxi Group. At the same time, the main force of the Second Field Army entered Guizhou and occupied Guiyang, which not only cut off the connection between the Bai Chongxi Group and the Hu Zongnan Group, prevented the two enemies from fleeing to Yunnan and Guizhou, but also formed a large encirclement of the Hu Zongnan Group with the Eighteenth Corps in southern Shaanxi. Finally, in December, the main force of the Fourth Field Army, with the cooperation of the Fourth Corps, wiped out the Bai Chongxi Group. After annihilating the Bai Chongxi Group, they marched from Guangxi to Yunnan and liberated Yunnan. The battle plan planned by Chairman Mao is a very wise and careful battle plan of large detours, large encirclement, and large annihilation.The future development of the war was carried out entirely in accordance with the sequence, time and expectation of this plan. In Chairman Mao's battle plan of great detour, great encirclement, and great annihilation, the Fourth Corps took on the task of making a great detour from Jiangxi to Guangdong, to Guangxi, and then to Yunnan.The responsible comrades of the Corps, armies and divisions were all very happy after learning about this task, and they all thought it was an honor to take on this task. Be well prepared before you start. The most important part of the preparation is to implement Chairman Mao's call to "carry out the revolution to the end", study Chairman Mao's report at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Party, overcome the feelings of arrogance, the feeling of being a hero, and stop and not seek progress The emotions of greed for pleasure and unwillingness to live a hard life make all commanders and fighters truly realize that winning the national victory is only the first step in the long march of thousands of miles.For this reason, the armies once again studied Chairman Mao's report at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Party, and launched a big discussion centered on "carrying out the revolution to the end."After such studies and discussions, the political awareness of the commanders and fighters has been greatly improved, and they are required to consciously conduct ideological inspections in order to realize the lofty goals of socialism and communism.Everyone feels that they have contributed little in the war, and must redouble their efforts in the last few battles to serve the party and the people.The party members all expressed their determination to carry forward the heroic and tenacious fighting spirit and lead the masses to complete the task; groups of non-party fighters asked the party organization to test themselves in the last few battles and strive to join the party.In this way, a climax of working harder and harder in the end, striving to make meritorious service in the last few battles, and joining the party. After crossing the river, all the armies launched a fierce pursuit of the enemy retreating from the river defense and achieved great victories.However, some units suffered some losses due to tactical shortcomings, and some cadres therefore doubted whether such a violent pursuit should be carried out.Various armies have launched extensive discussions on this issue.The results of the discussion are clear: when the Kuomintang rule has been overthrown and the morale of the remaining troops is extremely low, after the enemy's line of defense is broken again, the enemy must be pursued bravely to wipe out the enemy; It's not that the brave pursuit is wrong, but that there are shortcomings in tactics.In this way, the thinking of the commanders and fighters in violently chasing and destroying the enemy was further improved, and at the same time, the emphasis on tactical technology was also strengthened, and a vigorous training climax was launched.In this training climax.According to the requirements of long-distance pursuit and annihilation of the enemy, the Corps and various armies held a special communication work meeting, and especially strengthened the communication work.The whole Corps also launched a health campaign for people and horses, making people strong and horses strong. The in-depth political mobilization implemented Chairman Mao's thought of "carrying out the revolution to the end"; vigorous military training campaigns; enhanced the commanders and fighters' understanding of Chairman Mao's military thinking, and improved the tactical and technical level; coupled with the healthy movement of men and horses, this made the The morale of the troops is getting higher and higher, and the mental and material preparations for the implementation of large roundabout operations are becoming more and more sufficient.It laid a solid foundation for successfully completing the task. The first step of the Fourth Corps' big detour mission is to cooperate with brother troops to march into Guangdong and wipe out the enemy Yu Hanmou group. The Yu Hanmou Group was a relatively small group among the remaining Kuomintang troops. Its regular army consisted of three corps, the 12th, 13th, and 21st, with a total of about 120,000 people.Before we marched, this enemy and the Bai Chongxi Group formed the so-called Hunan-Guangdong joint defense, focusing on Hengyang in southern Hunan and Shaoguan in northern Guangdong to protect Guangdong and Guangxi.According to the combat plan drawn up by Chairman Mao, our Fourth Field Army decided to use the 12th Corps and the 13th Corps to launch the Hengbao Campaign in the Hengyang and Baoqing areas of southern Hunan to seek and wipe out a part of the Bai Chongxi Group; The Five Corps and other departments captured Shaoguan and other places, and then went straight to Guangzhou to wipe out the Yu Hanmou Group in order to wipe out the Bai Chongxi Group in the next step. In early September, various ministries of our Corps marched into the south of Jiangxi. On the 7th, Comrade Ye Jianying, secretary of the South China Branch, held a combat meeting in Ganzhou and gave important instructions. On October 1, Chairman Mao solemnly announced the founding of the People's Republic of China in Tiananmen Square.On this great festival, the various departments of our Corps marched from the south of Jiangxi to Guangdong with great joy. At this time, the main forces of the four fields had already started the Battle of Hengbao, and were encircling and annihilating part of the Bai Chongxi Group. The other part of Bai Chongxi, which was originally deployed on the border of Hunan, Guangdong and Jiangxi, was forced to transfer northward for reinforcements.In this way, Yu Hanmou's troops in northern Guangdong were isolated, and his so-called joint defense between Hunan and Guangdong was broken.Therefore, when the Fourth Corps and the Fifteenth Corps crossed Wuling and appeared in the northern part of Guangdong, the enemies in Shaoguan and other places abandoned the city and fled south. The enemy abandoned Shaoguan and other places, and the gates of Guangdong were opened. The Fourth Corps and the Fifteenth Corps pursued them separately, and went straight to Guangzhou. In this pursuit operation, the two corps marched head-to-head, and each unit traveled more than 130 miles every day.Under my fierce pursuit, although the enemy has placed explosives on many important bridges, preparing to destroy the bridges and delay our army's advance, most of them have no time to explode, and our pursuers will arrive soon. The enemy who is preparing to blow up the bridges is not To be a prisoner is to flee in a hurry.In order to resist the fierce attack of our army, the enemy also tried to deploy the last line of defense in Qingyuan and Yuantan to defend Guangzhou. The enemy in Guangzhou also had to flee in a hurry. On the morning of October 14th, Li Zongren fled by plane. On the evening of the 14th, our two corps arrived in Guangzhou, and the troops of the 15th Corps entered the urban area of ​​Guangzhou, completing Chairman Mao's plan to occupy Guangzhou in the second half of October ahead of schedule. The rapid occupation of Guangzhou is of great significance for the next step of operations and the restoration of the national economy as soon as possible, but it is also necessary to annihilate the fleeing enemies to avoid future troubles.At that time, of Yu Hanmou's three corps, except for the 12th and 13th corps which had been annihilated for us, the main force of the 21st corps had not yet been hit.The fleeing direction of these enemies must be ascertained quickly and wiped out. Before the liberation of Guangzhou, we estimated that there were two directions for the enemy to flee from Guangzhou: one was to flee westward along the Xijiang River and into Guangxi; the other was to flee to the Leizhou Peninsula along the coast of Guangdong and to Hainan Island.Therefore, when the Ministry of Military Affairs broke through the enemy's defenses at Qingyuan and Yuantan, the main force of one of our corps boldly took a boat southward along the Beijiang River when there were still enemies on both sides of the strait, and traveled 160 miles overnight to Guangzhou. Sanshui and Gaoyao to the west.This move is very important.Thanks to this move, we blocked the confluence of the Beijiang River and the Xijiang River, and controlled the main road from Guangzhou to Guangxi; and in the battles of occupying Sanshui and Gaoyao, we wiped out two enemy divisions and found out The enemy's 21st Corps and other units are fleeing to the Leizhou Peninsula.这样，我们既取得了迫歼逃敌的有利地位，又查明了逃敌的去向。 10月17日，毛主席亲自来电指示我们要乘胜直追，歼灭逃敌，既便于以后解放海南岛，又为进入广西歼灭白崇禧集团创造条件。 四兵团各军从江西南部出发，已经连续进行了半个月的作战，部队相当疲劳。但是传达了毛主席的乘胜直追的指示以后，士气十分昂扬，又以惊人的顽强精神，继续以一天150里以上的行程，进行了5天的大追击，终于在24日，在广东南海边上的阳江、阳春地区追上了逃敌。 逃敌二十一兵团等部共四万余人，当发现我已追及以后，即将大批辎重和汽车焚毁，向西夺路逃跑。我追击的先头部队，人数不多，但是他们毫不犹豫地抢占要点，阻敌逃跑。经二十四日的激烈战斗，击退了敌人的多次进攻，而我追击的后续部队都已赶到。25日，我调整部署，组织对被围敌人的进攻。敌人为了逃命，在这一天又以三个师的兵力，向西发动了八次绝望的进攻，都在我指战员英勇坚决地阻击下，横尸遍野。于是敌人乃转而向南，企图在海滨乘船逃跑，我即就势分割包围。又经过一天的激烈战斗，到26日，全部歼灭了敌人，胜利地结束了广东作战。 广东作战，以勇猛的进击、追击开始，以大围歼告终，是我们协同兄弟部队执行毛主席大迂回、大包围、大歼灭作战计划的第一个胜利。在作战中，指战员接受了毛主席大迂回、大包围、大歼灭的作战思想，又受到了毛主席乘胜直追的指示的鼓舞，因而能够克服一切困难，顽强地进行了连续26天的作战，终于歼灭敌余汉谋集团的主力。这个胜利，不仅摧毁了国民党匪帮残酷压榨华南人民借以苟延残喘的海滨巢穴，关死了美帝国主义从海上援助国民党残匪的一条通路，歼灭了余汉谋集团主力，而且完成了对白崇禧集团东南面的包围，对于解放海南岛和解放广西都有重大意义。