Chapter 3 Chapter 02 Marching to Guangdong

The smoke of the Battle of Hengbao has not yet cleared, and another piece of amazing news came from the land of southern Guangdong: the East Route Army of the People's Liberation Army liberated Guangzhou, the largest city in South China, on October 14!These two major victories were successively achieved by our army in Central and South China in a short period of time, with huge impact and far-reaching significance. The "Changjiang Daily" published a commentary on this and pointed out: "Bai Chongxi's main force was wiped out in southern Hunan. The rapid liberation of Guangzhou and the rapid liberation of Fujian, Gansu, Qinghai, Suiyuan, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other provinces took more than two months. Several major developments in the war situation in China since then. The Kuomintang rebels now only have the southwestern provinces and Taiwan, Qiongya and other islands as the last way to escape. After the liberation of Guangzhou, the liberation of these places will not take long. .”

Guangdong Province is an important gateway to southern China.It borders the South China Sea in the south, Wuling Mountains in the north, Fujian in the east, Guangxi in the west, Jiangxi and Hunan in the north, and Hainan Island across the sea in the south. Its geographical location has important strategic value.Here, the mountains and rivers are beautiful.Outstanding people, rich products, and prosperous culture, it has been a window for economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries since modern times, and it is also an important province that often plays a special role in the political situation of modern China. Before and after our army launched the Battle of Crossing the River in April 1949, the main institutions of the Kuomintang government successively moved south to Guangzhou, and Guangzhou became the political center of the Kuomintang government in flight.

In the minds of the Kuomintang, Guangdong is a "revolutionary base" and is closely connected with overseas Chinese. If Guangdong is lost, it will not only "sorry to the spirit of the Prime Minister (Sun Yat-sen), but also have a major impact on the hearts of the people at home and abroad."Therefore, whether Wulun is Chiang Kai-shek, Li Zongren, or Bai Chongxi, they all attach great importance to Guangdong.At the beginning of 1949, before Chiang Kai-shek stepped down, he made arrangements for the personnel issues of the Guangdong military and political authorities, appointing Xue Yue as the chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Government, and Yu Hanmou as the director of the Guangdong Appeasement Office.Xue and Yu were not very successful in the high-level Kuomintang with many factions, but at that time they were the most influential figures among the Cantonese generals.The reason why Chiang Kai-shek used them was nothing more than to use them to buy and win over people's hearts, and to guard Guangdong, an important land in the south of Lingnan, for him.

Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi also wanted to withdraw the Guangxi troops to Guangdong as soon as possible.One is that Guangdong is far richer than other provinces, so it is easy to solve the problem of military pay, and the other is that Guangdong has an outlet to the sea, so it is very convenient to communicate with the outside world.Mr. Cheng Siyuan said: "At that time, Bai Chongxi had contact with Bai Jier of the US Pacific Fleet. Earlier, Bai Jier sent his aide-de-camp Ma Jielian from Qingdao to bring a transceiver and a secret telegram. Jill informed Bai Chongxi that before the summer recess, the U.S. Congress passed a plan of 75 million US dollars for the general area of ​​China. If Bai Chongxi's department can enter Guangdong, Baijier will transport it by sea to fully replenish and supply the Bai department. Therefore, it is understandable that Bai Chongxi is eager to lead his troops into Guangdong." At the same time, Yu Hanmou, Xue Yue and other Cantonese generals who presided over Guangdong's military administration also welcomed the Guangxi troops to enter Guangdong out of their own interests.For a time, the statement that "to defend Guangdong in the future, we can only rely on the three armies of the Guangxi army to which Chief Bai Chongxi belongs" became the consensus of many people in the Kuomintang, especially the Cantonese.

However, Chiang Kai-shek's strategic intention at this moment is to focus on managing Taiwan and defending the southwest, not on protecting Guangdong.This is undoubtedly the opposite of the plan of the Kuomintang military and political officials in Guangzhou.Li Zongren later mentioned this historical fact, and said angrily: "When Shanghai abandoned its defense on May 27, He Yingqin and Bai Chongxi repeatedly called Mr. Jiang to transfer the elite troops from Haidao to Shantou and go north to deploy defenses to prevent the Communist Party of China. The army entered Guangdong, but Chiang refused to listen. When the communist army attacked Dageng, Hu Lian's corps retreated from Shantou to Xiamen by boat, and finally crossed the sea and retreated to Kinmen, Matsu and other islands, leaving the eastern part of Guangdong completely empty. Executive President Yan In order to strengthen the defense plan of Guangzhou, Xishan repeatedly asked Mr. Jiang to transfer the Liu Anqi Corps from Hainan Island to Guangzhou to strengthen the defense. Although Mr. Jiang verbally agreed, the Liu Corps did not come for a long time, and finally the Guangdong Bureau was out of control."

Chiang Kai-shek does not actively increase troops in Guangdong, so he naturally has his overall plan.But he resolutely disagreed with Bai Chongxi's troops entering Guangdong, which was entirely out of historical grievances and practical concerns. Chiang Kai-shek did not want a situation in which soldiers from Guangdong and Guangxi united to defend Guangdong, and was more worried that Bai Chongxi would gain the support of the Americans after he mastered the sea passage. thereby jeopardizing their position.As a result, Jiang, Guangxi, and Guangdong launched a very complicated and subtle struggle over issues such as the entry of Bai Chongxi's troops into Guangdong and how to defend Guangdong.

One day at the end of June, Bai Chongxi brought Cheng Siyuan, Li Hanhun, Qiu Changwei, Li Pinxian, Huang Xuchu and others to Changsha for a meeting, and the discussion centered on the issue of defending Guangdong.Bai Chongxi said: "The Central China army must enter Guangdong, so that Guangzhou, the political center, can be defended. However, the transfer of the Guangxi army to Guangdong requires an order from the Ministry of National Defense. Therefore, it is necessary for us to control the Ministry of Defense." Li Pinxian echoed: "Only Jian Only by re-hosting national defense can the central China troops go south to Guangdong." After the meeting, Li Pinxian was ordered to fly to Guangzhou to present his opinions to Acting President Li.

Although Li Zongren had intended this for a long time, he was unable to do what he wanted. He found Jia Jingde, a confidant of Premier Yan Xishan, and asked him to report his interests to Yan.But Yan Xishan said: He is also in charge of national defense, which is the decision of the president. Without the approval of the president, he dare not make any changes.Yan Xishan refused to accommodate, and Li Zongren had nothing to do. At that time, Guangzhou was a municipality directly under the Executive Yuan of the Kuomintang, and the city government was parallel to the provincial government. Due to the impact of the war, the tax revenue of the whole province of Guangdong was less than that of Guangzhou. Chiang Kai-shek's personal or direct lineage control, so the provincial chairman Xue Yue strongly advocated changing Guangzhou from a municipality directly under the central government to a provincial municipality, and unifying the military and political power in Guangdong.For Jiang, this was tantamount to seeking skin from a tiger.Once, for the reform of Guangzhou City, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Yu Hanmou, Xue Yue, Li Hanhun and other Cantonese generals in Huangpu, and said face to face, "You think you can oppose me? Whoever opposes me will die before me!" Minister of the Interior Li Hanhun contributed a lot to this matter and became a thorn in Chiang Kai-shek's side.The veteran of the Kuomintang, Ju Zheng, once specifically warned Li that if you do not resign quickly, your life will be in danger in the future.

Chiang Kai-shek's various behaviors made the Cantonese generals very dissatisfied. Zhang Fakui, a veteran of the Cantonese army and who served as the commander-in-chief of the army in the later period of He Yingqin's cabinet, was the one with the most violent attitude.He has long let out the rumor: The Chiang family was originally created by the Cantonese, and now if we want to defend Guangdong and Guangxi, we must first eliminate Chiang Kai-shek's hindrances.Therefore, he suggested to Li Zongren several times: "Detain Chiang Kai-shek."According to Li Zongren's recollection: "I said: 'Xiang Hua (Zhang Fakui), this is a reckless thing that only attracts notoriety and does not help reality.' Zhang said: 'Degong, you are too timid! Degong, you are too timid!' I Said: 'You are not in your position, you can imagine, if you were in my position, you would not do it.'"

In July, Chiang Kai-shek finally got rid of the cloak of Xiyinglinxia, ​​regardless of the government, and set out to surpass Li Zongren and command the Kuomintang's military and political mess. On the 14th, Jiang led Wang Shijie, Huang Shaogu and a large number of entourages to Guangzhou, without notifying the Guangzhou authorities in advance, only Jiang Jingguo went to meet them.Chiang Kai-shek made a speech on the current situation: "Today, the communist bandits are spying on Guangdong, the birthplace of our national revolution. Zhongzheng only takes the national righteousness and revolutionary responsibility to carry forward the Premier's fearless revolutionary spirit, unites the whole party, supports the government, and stands for the independence of the country and the freedom of the people. struggle."

On the 16th, as the president of the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek convened a joint meeting of the Central Standing Committee and the Central Political Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, and proposed the establishment of the Central Extraordinary Committee as the highest decision-making body.He was the chairman of the association, Li Zongren was the vice-chairman, and Sun Ke and others were members.In the afternoon of the same day, the Central Committee of the Kuomintang held its first meeting and decided to set up two branches, the Southwest and the Southeast. Zhang Qun was the chairman of the Southwest branch, and Chen Cheng was the chairman of the Southeast branch.At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek proposed at the meeting that Chen Cheng be the military and political officer in the southeast, directly under the five provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, and Hainan.The implicit intention of Chiang Kai-shek's above-mentioned measures, Mr. Cheng Siyuan once explained clearly: "It is to prevent Bai Chongxi from getting involved in Lingnan, and the meaning is very clear." In early August, after Changsha declared a peaceful uprising, Bai Chongxi's situation became even worse. On the one hand, he planned the "Hunan-Guangdong Joint Defense Line" to prevent the People's Liberation Army from marching into Guangdong and Guangxi, and on the other hand, he stepped up his activities and still planned to enter Guangdong.In the middle of the year, Lieutenant General Berger, commander of the US Western Pacific Fleet, traveled from Hong Kong to Guangzhou to hold talks with Bai Chongxi. Berger reiterated that if the Central China Army could reach Guangzhou, he would try his best to ensure the supply.This meeting greatly increased Bai Chongxi's confidence. On August 20, Li Zongren convened a meeting of Bai Chongxi, Xue Yue, and Yu Hanmou, and decided to use Yu Hanmou as the military and political chief of South China to unify all the troops in Guangdong, and asked him to cooperate with the main force of Bai Chongxi's department to "consolidate northern Guangdong and secure Guangzhou."However, Yu Hanmou pointed out that whether Bai Chongxi can enter Guangdong is the prerequisite for whether he will take office.At this time, Chiang Kai-shek came to Guangzhou again, and again had a dispute with Li Zongren on the deployment of troops to defend Guangzhou, and asked Li to shrink his troops to defend Guangzhou.The implication is that Bai Chongxi's troops are still not allowed to enter Guangdong.Under such circumstances, Li Zongren did not allow Yu Hanmou to think about it any more, and on August 31, he issued an acting presidential decree, appointing Yu Hanmou as the military and political chief of South China. On September 4, the Extraordinary Committee of the Kuomintang also made a decision that the military in northern Guangdong would be commanded by Yu Hanmou, and the defense in southern China would be deployed in a unified manner. Yu Hanmou, whose style name is Weiqi, was a high-ranking man in Guangdong.In his early years, he followed Mr. Sun Yat-sen's revolution, emerged in the Cantonese army, and gradually became a general in charge of the army. During the Guangdong-Guangdong Incident in 1936, he turned against Chen Jitang, his old boss, and played an important role in Chiang Kai-shek's unification of Guangdong.But Chiang Kai-shek did not trust him, and tried every means to weaken his power. Yu Hanmou could only swallow bitterness about this, and often said to his cronies: "It is impossible to deal with Chiang Kai-shek without your own capital, and you are too serious about your position. It is also impossible to be responsible.” During the Anti-Japanese War, he served successively as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Fourth Theater and the commander-in-chief of the Seventh Theater.After Japan surrendered, he went to Nanjing to serve as the commander-in-chief of the army. At the beginning of 1949, he was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the director of the Guangdong Appeasement Office. According to common sense, he should be happy to return to his hometown to become an official, but Yu Hanmou, who has experienced many vicissitudes, is quite pessimistic about this.At the beginning of his return to Guangdong, he said to people: "I have never been a Beijing official before, and I seldom have contact with party and state dignitaries. I always thought that they would have a set of methods for state affairs. Last year I worked in Nanjing for several months. Commander-in-Chief), I have had more contact with them, so I realized that this group of bureaucrats have nothing to do with the country's affairs, and they can't even talk about doing good things for the people of the country. According to my opinion, as long as the Communist Army crosses the Yangtze River, it will disintegrate immediately, and it is certain that it will not be able to support it any longer. I came back to serve Sangzi this time, hoping to unite the military and political personnel in Guangdong, and then cooperate with Guangxi to support Li Zongren to clean up the mess. Impossible, so I have to admit defeat and never send troops to the frontier. Make a final struggle, causing the Cantonese compatriots to suffer from the war and aggravating my guilt." Although Yu Han said so about his job, the chief officer of the Appeasement Office worked very hard. Together with Xue Yue, he actively expanded the army, replenished troops, and enriched equipment.But he knew in his heart that it was almost impossible to defend Guangdong with the existing forces, so he made whether Bai Chongxi's three main forces entered Guangdong as the first condition for taking office as the military and political chief of South China.Of course Li Zongren wanted to meet this condition. On September 4, Li Zongren once again asked Yan Xishan to resign from his part-time position as Minister of Defense and replace him with Bai Chongxi.Yan Xishan still did not buy it, saying: "I will not resign from the part-time position of Minister of Defense. If the Acting President decrees that I will resign, my Executive Yuan will not countersign." Deploy Guangdong Defense. At this time, the entire territory of Guangdong included the 21st Corps of Liu Anqi of the regular army of the Kuomintang (jurisdicting the 32nd and 50th armies), the 13th Corps of Shen Fazao (jurisdicting the 23rd and 70th armies), the 12th Corps of Hu Lian (jurisdicting the 10th and 18th armies) and The 39th, 62nd, 63rd, 64th, and 109th armies have a total of 11 armies, 31 divisions, and 125,000 people. There are also the 1st Army of the Air Force, the 4th Military Region of the Navy, 5 security divisions, 5 columns, and the Humen Fortress Command , Hainan Garrison Command, Guangzhou Garrison Command, Guangzhou Security Police Force, Tax Police Force, Salt Protection Force, Traffic Police Force and other special forces and local forces have more than 40,000 people.These troops seem to be quite a number, but they have a lot to eat and few are effective. Moreover, Liu Anqi, Hu Lian and other Jiang's central troops cannot be commanded by Yu Hanmou.Therefore, Yu Hanmou first arranged his old troops in Zhanjiang, Zhaoqing, Hainan and other places, and retreated to Zhanjiang as a last resort, with Hainan as the base and Leizhou Peninsula as the periphery, watching the current situation and waiting for changes. On September 7, Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram from Chongqing to Gu Zhutong, Chief of Staff, reiterating his policy of defending Guangdong: "We should concentrate the existing troops stationed in Guangdong and defend the revolutionary base in Guangzhou. If you have spare capacity, you can expand the scope in order to defend South China. You must not defend the entire Yangtze River again, and abandon the important areas of Beijing and Shanghai, and even the Jiangjiang defense forces. They will almost be completely wiped out." Chiang Kai-shek emphasized: "The No. The organizational systems of the 50th, 39th, 63rd, and 109th armies must not be used separately, so as not to be passive and defeated by bandits one by one. All future deployments should follow this principle and be implemented without hesitation. , so as to secure the revolutionary base." According to this instruction, Yu Hanmou made some adjustments.By the end of September, the specific situation of the deployment of the Guangdong Kuomintang Army was as follows: the 39th and 63rd armies formed the first line of defense in the Lechang, Qujiang, and Nanxiong areas; The 32nd Army and the 109th Army formed the third line of defense in Huaxian, Conghua, Heyuan, Zengcheng, Boluo, and Huiyang on the outskirts of Guangzhou; the 10th Army and the 18th Army were deployed in Chaoshan, Cameras were deployed to reinforce Guangzhou; the 62nd Army and the 64th Army were deployed on Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island to protect the retreat road; the rest of the special forces and local troops were stationed in the jurisdiction.Yu Hanmou's plan was to try to stabilize the line from Guangzhou to Qujiang (now Shaoguan City) on the Guangdong-Han Railway, control the traffic arteries from Hunan and Jiangxi to Guangdong, and prevent the People's Liberation Army from entering Guangdong. Peninsula, Hainan Island or Guangxi. Liberating Guangdong is a task clearly assigned to the Fourth Field Army by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission, but the formation of a specific combat plan has gone through a process. From May to early July 1949, in a series of telegrams to the four fields, the Military Commission gave several instructions on the issue of marching into Guangdong.When the Yisha and Hunan-Jiangxi campaigns were about to end, Mao Zedong had further considerations about solving the Guangdong issue. On July 16, he telegraphed Lin Biao, Deng Zihui and other commanders in the four fields to follow the overall deployment of Bai Chongxi's troops with a large-scale roundabout and encirclement policy, and pointed out: "Guangdong only has more than 40,000 broken and incomplete enemy troops. I have a guerrilla force of more than 40,000 people, and I only need two armies plus Zengsheng's two small divisions to solve the Guangdong problem. At most three armies plus Zengsheng's troops are enough. Send more troops." However, in the supplementary message to Lin, Deng and others the next day, Mao Zedong put forward new opinions on marching into Guangdong: "The three armies of Chen Geng and the two armies of the 15th Corps were led by Chen Geng through Ganzhou , Nanxiong, and Shixing marched southward, preparing to occupy Guangzhou in three months, and then the two armies of the 15th Corps, in conjunction with the armed forces of the South China Branch and the Zengsheng column, were responsible for managing the entire province of Guangdong." After receiving Mao Zedong's instructions, Lin and Deng reported the entire southward deployment of the Four Fields to the Military Commission on the 17th.When reporting on the issue of marching into Guangdong, Lin and Deng said: "Chen Geng and Deng Hua are currently dispatching to Guangdong according to the method of marching by brigade, but it is too crowded for these two troops to pass through Ganzhou, Nanxiong, and Shixing. The two armies passed through Suichuan and East Guangxi and prepared to leave Renhua and Lechang. When they arrived in East Guangxi, if the enemy did not retreat in Youxian and Chaling, the two armies advanced to Chenzhou and Yongxing to cut off the enemy's retreat route from south to north. If the enemy is already retreating in Youxian County and Chaling after arriving in eastern Guangxi, he will pass through Rucheng and advance towards Renhua and Lechang, another army will pass through Chongyi and Shangyu and advance towards Shixing, and Deng Hua's two armies will pass through Ganzhou. , Nankang to Wengyuan." At 23:00 on the evening of the 17th, Lin Biao, Tan Zhengyou, the Military Commission, Liu Bocheng, and Zhang Jichun sent a telegram: "(1) If the enemy's regular army in Guangdong is only about 40,000 (the Military Commission notified on June 8 that the enemy's regular army and the communication army in Guangdong have a total of 200,000 soldiers) 20,000), for example, when the enemies from Fujian and Taiwan do not have any major reinforcements to Guangdong, and the terrain and traffic conditions from Hengzhou to Guilin can be used for large corps operations, then the five armies of the four fields and the three armies of Chen Geng will pass through Quanzhou and go straight down. Guilin and Nanning, in order to quickly resolve the battle, otherwise Chen Geng's three armies will go south through Quanzhou, and Siye will enter Guangxi with five armies through Guangdong (it is said that the terrain and transportation from Guangdong to Guangxi are relatively convenient). (2) Our Deng Hua Corps It is planned to enter Guangdong with two or three armies via Ganzhou to take on the task of annihilating the enemy. (3) Chen Geng's troops have been ordered to advance to Yongxin and Chenzhou through Suichuan and eastern Guangxi with all their strength. (4) Zeng Sheng's troops are now also planning to go to Henan Jiangxi enters Guangdong." The leaders of the Second Field fully agreed with the instructions of the Military Commission and the deployment of the Fourth Field.Liu Bocheng and Song Renqiong telegraphed the Military Commission, Lin, Deng, Chen Geng, and Guo Tianmin on the 18th, believing that it would be extremely beneficial for Chen Geng's corps to go out to Guangdong: "First, from a strategic point of view, Chen Geng's roundabout attack from Jiangxi to Guangdong, through Guangxi and out of Yunnan, It is extremely necessary in the current situation where the enemy is weak and we are strong and the two sides are distributed. Second, in the situation where the White Bandits are separated from the bandits on both sides and do not retreat to Guangdong, this can help to win Guangdong. Back on the right side, and the pincer-shaped maneuver of the battle with our North Route Army made it impossible for Bai to resist and escape from the encirclement. Third, Chen Geng found the situation to go south to Guangdong very smoothly, which can avoid cross-movement friction with the friendly forces in southern Hunan. And reduce the difficulties of food and roads, and make it easier for the four armies to gather in the Ji'an and Anfu areas to stand by... ". On the 21st, Mao Zedong called Lin, Deng, Xiao, and Zhao and informed Liu Bocheng, Song Renqiong, Zhang Jichun, Li Da, and the South China Branch Bureau, agreeing with the entire deployment policy of Siye on July 17, and emphatically pointed out: "Chen Geng and Deng Hua entered in two ways. Guangdong is right, but please pay attention to the roads and food conditions in Guiyang, East Guangxi. If there is any difficulty, Chen Gengzhi’s heavy weapons and large luggage can go south along the Deng Hua Road, and Deng Hua can travel in the east except for the Nanshi Avenue. Find an auxiliary road from the side." "After Chen and Deng entered Guangdong, they planned to attack Guangzhou with the Chen Corps from Beijiang and the Deng Corps from Dongjiang (possibly having to occupy Huizhou first). Dongjiang rested for a short period of time (for example, half a month to a month), and met with the South China Branch to agree to take over the entire deployment of Guangzhou and the whole province and deploy cadres. Please refer the above to Chen and Deng for attention." The telegram said: "Chen Deng The two corps quickly communicated with the Fangfang Radio Station of the South China Branch, and energized the Military Commission." "The South China Branch immediately moved from Meixian to Nanxiong to meet Chen and Deng and discuss everything." "Comrade Ye Jianying should be ordered to go to Guangdong early." In accordance with the instructions of the Military Commission, Lin and Deng issued instructions on the actions of the Chen and Deng Corps to each corps at 14:00 on the 22nd, stipulating the actions of the 4th Corps and the 15th Corps, that is, according to the Military Commission on July 17 and July 21. The specific actions were uniformly stipulated by the head of the 4th Corps, and the two Corps were under the command of Chen Geng, Guo Tianmin, and Liu Zhijian.The telegram pointed out: "Currently the 4th Corps and the 15th Corps can take a rest for a few days according to the fatigue of the troops, and then march according to the order of the brigade, 'If it rains, walk fifty or sixty miles a day', start to advance south After the two armies of our Chen Bingtuan arrived in eastern Guangxi, if Lu Daoyuan and Bai Chongxi were still in Liling, Pingxiang, and Chaling that day, they would prepare to wipe out the enemies east of the Xiangjiang River first, and then move south. If the defeated enemy has retreated or started to retreat, the Fourth Corps and the Fifteenth Corps will still carry out the task of attacking Guangdong first according to the order of the Military Commission, and prepare to rest for half a month to a month after reaching the border of Guangdong." It can be seen from the above telegrams that both the Military Commission and the Six Field Headquarters hoped that the troops of Chen Geng and Deng Hua would act as soon as possible, and wait until the border of Guangdong before resting.However, the actual situation of the two corps is that the troops are very tired after continuous fighting in the scorching heat, especially the 4th corps, which has not been rested and replenished since participating in the battle of crossing the river, and the physical strength and combat effectiveness of the troops have been affected.According to the records of Mu Xin, a reporter with the 4th Corps at the time: "The battle of crossing the Ganjiang River to the west and chasing and annihilating the White Bandits coincided with the scorching heat and rainy season in the south of the Yangtze River, and the troops had to fight against natural enemies such as heat and disease. This is a great test for our troops from the north: the scorching sun has peeled the skin off the faces of the soldiers, and the clothes and backpacks of the soldiers are often soaked by rain and sweat, almost always wet. There is mold in the backpack.From July 15th to 18th, a certain unit marched in the Anfu Mountains for four days. The weeds on the mountain grew as high as a person, and walking in the grass was very stuffy. The weak man fainted on the ground. At night, because of the small number of rooms and the large number of people, the troops often sleep in the open in the wilderness, and they will inevitably be attacked by rain and dew. It often rains at night, and comrades can only hold up umbrellas, put their backpacks on the rocks and sit up to wait for dawn.For these reasons, many comrades are often attacked by diseases. From time to time, some people fainted while chasing the enemy, and many fell ill. " The Chen Geng Corps is known for its bravery and hard work, and its execution of orders has never been compromised. However, it is the first time in history that it has encountered such a serious non-combat attrition, and it is really impossible to act immediately.Therefore, after receiving Lin Deng's instructions, Chen Geng and Guo Tianmin immediately replied to the chiefs of the four fields at 16:00 on the 22nd, stating their opinions bluntly: "We fully agree with the telegram of the Military Commission on July 17. Food and roads are extremely favorable. But we consider: 1. It is extremely hot at present, and it is extremely difficult to act immediately.When we took this action, more than 7,000 people suffered from fever, and more than 100 suffered from horse fever. If we forced to march in the scorching heat, there would be a serious loss of personnel. 2. The distance of this operation is relatively long, and it will enter the mountains to march and fight. The troops must be prepared in terms of thinking and materials. Since our troops crossed the river, they have generally lost weight (some have lost four or five catties, some have lost more than ten catties). When we enter the long-distance mountain marches, we must try our best to take a rest. It is a relatively difficult task to perform this glorious task. , It is necessary to carry out sufficient political mobilization in the whole army.The supplies supplied to us by the Second Field are still in Nanjing, and we must try to supply them to the troops, otherwise the troops will go farther and farther away, and the things left behind will not be needed, and the troops will not be able to march. Due to the above reasons, we suggest that the departure time should be postponed until after Sanfu. "Chen and Guo also proposed in the telegram: "Erye will try his best to be responsible for our transportation and supplies to Guangdong and Guangxi, and Siye will be responsible for our transportation and supplies during the battle between Guangdong and Guangxi. ... Please give instructions as soon as possible for the above, especially the specific time of dispatch, so as to transfer to the arrangement preparation. " The 15th Corps was also exhausted. At this time, there were more than 10,000 patients, 70% of whom were malaria and enteritis.The same goes for other regiments.Under such circumstances, it is obviously inappropriate for the troops to immediately conduct new operations. Lin Biao and others forwarded the telegrams of Chen and Guo to the Central Military Commission on July 23, saying: "The combat power of the marching troops in the summer season is particularly exhausting" and "agreed to postpone the deployment of the two corps until after the dog days."The telegram also stated: In order to prepare food on the way forward, repair bridges and protect the food harvested in autumn, the two corps each sent about one division of troops on their way forward, marching at the speed of brigades (50 to 60 miles a day), Push as far south as you can. Mao Zedong was very concerned about and sympathized with the sufferings of the frontline soldiers. On the 24th, he replied to Lin Biao, Deng Zihui, Xiao Ke, and Zhao Erlu, and told Liu Bocheng, Song Renqiong, Zhang Jichun, Li Da, and Fang Fang, clearly saying: "I agree with Chen Geng and Deng Hua. After the three-volt period." "Chen Geng's suggestion that the new mission of the southward advance should be fully politically mobilized among the troops is very correct. The Chen and Deng corps and all corps should do this. It has been proved that the more tasks and tasks are carried out The smooth conditions and difficult conditions that may be encountered in the task are explained clearly in advance, the more conducive to the completion of the task and the overcoming of various difficulties." Mao Zedong pointed out in the telegram: "The two corps will be dispatched after the three-volt period, and the first step will be in East Guizhou, Rucheng, Shangyou, Chongyi, Ganzhou, Nankang, Dayu, and Xinfeng. At that time, Comrades Fang Fang of the South China Branch and Ye Jianying and Zhang Yunyi, who went south from Beiping, arrived in Ganzhou to hold a meeting. This meeting was very necessary. Several important issues concerning the occupation of Guangdong should be resolved at this meeting, mainly the party, government, and military leadership. Composition, combat steps, various policies for receiving and managing Guangdong, cadre deployment, striving to solve the Guangdong issue by peaceful means with Yu Hanmou, currency issues, foreign policy (mainly for Hong Kong), and preparations to deal with imperialist economic blockade and military Interference, etc." At 7 a.m. on July 25, Mao Zedong called again to Lin, Deng, Xiao, Zhao, etc., approving the rest and reorganization plan for the whole army in the four fields. Boundary line. Starting from mid-September, it is planned that Chen Bingtuan will go out of Beijiang via Conghuananxiong Road, and occupy Shaozhou first; Centralize cadres in Shaozhou and Huizhou, adjust their forces, and then the two corps will cooperate with our army in Guangdong to attack Guangzhou (it is estimated that there is a possibility of a peaceful settlement by Yu Hanmou and others in Guangzhou at this time). The American mountain artillery seized by the People's Liberation Army followed the instructions of the Military Commission, and the corps of the four fields and the 4th corps entered a period of rest from the end of July. On August 1, the party committee of the 4th Corps held a meeting of cadres above the regiment in Ji'an, Jiangxi, focusing on solving ideological obstacles to marching to the southwest, ensuring the health of troops and horses, policy discipline, and unity of divisions.The meeting lasted for five days. Chen Geng made a report on the current situation and tasks according to the instructions of the Second Field Front Committee. Guo Tianmin made a speech on the work of the headquarters and logistics work based on the experience of marching across the river. Liu Zhijian made a statement on how to ensure the march to the southwest Political work speeches were successfully completed, and the leaders of the health and supply sectors made separate speeches on preparations.This was an important meeting in the history of the 4th Corps. On August 14, Chen Geng and Guo Tianmin sent a telegram to Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Lin Biao, Deng Zihui and the Central Military Commission, reporting the results of the meeting and the next work plan. The report pointed out: "The cadres present at the meeting have already learned some ideological foundations because they have studied how to carry the revolutionary war to the end and the resolution of the Second Plenary Session. This meeting explained in a more systematic and repeated way to continue marching, wipe out the remnants of the enemy, liberate the Southwest, Liberating the whole of China and carrying the revolutionary war to the end, once and for all, is necessary and strategically important. Our task is relatively difficult, but very glorious. The difficulties that may be encountered in the march to the southwest and the new favorable conditions for overcoming difficulties , effectively refuted the erroneous ideas such as fear of walking, fear of difficulties, fear of hardship, unwillingness to go to the southwest, and giving up halfway, etc., and emphasized the importance of strengthening management from top to bottom, health, logistics, economic and material guarantee, promoting friendship, and healthy work of people and horses. The importance and organization of various tasks, and specifically reported the superiors' concern for us from various aspects and the reissue of materials... Therefore, it was unanimously reflected that they are satisfied with this meeting. They think that the problem has been solved, and they think that now they will continue to march and annihilate Can the enemy, liberate the Southwest, liberate the whole of China is wise, think that some comrades in the past said that the superiors are unfair, other field troops are better than the Erye, the Erye suffers, the superiors do not care about us, etc. It is unfounded and wrong, from the summary During the recent march to the west, great attention has been paid to the logistics management, friendship, sanitation, material guarantee, and health of people and horses for long-distance marches. Thanks to the specific concerns of the superiors and the introduction of typical experiences, I have improved my confidence and felt that I have a way. " The report said: "The meeting basically resolved the ideological problems of the cadres present, but some cadres still have some unhealthy emotions, such as striving to solve the Southwest this winter and next spring, and to have a destination in Yunnan. In the end, I think Yunnan is better than Xikang and Xinjiang, and I am particularly interested in Yunnan's wheat production, good climate, and northern dialects that suit my taste, especially because some cadres have developed a kind of blind optimism. I think there is no problem in going to Yunnan to mobilize, and I seem to think that there is no difficulty, etc. The above-mentioned bias is carefully refuted in the conclusion, but these emotions may be reflected in the mobilization work of the troops, and we have paid attention to it.” The next step of the arrangement, the report said: "After the cadre meeting of the Corps, all armies have begun to hold cadre meetings above the platoon with divisions (Bingzhi, Junzhitong) as units to convey the spirit of the Corps meeting. The time is five to seven days, and then With the regiment as a unit, hold a meeting of party activists to communicate and discuss, and then rely on and concentrate the power of all cadres and party activists to spread the communication and discussion among soldiers, and repeatedly mobilize and make up their minds by giving speeches in class. , planning, swearing-in meeting, etc., and organize the enthusiasm for mobilization into specific actions such as the health of the marching troops, work, policy discipline, joining forces and unity, learning mountain warfare, and fighting good battles. While the troops are resting and mobilizing, Each level holds a meeting of the administrative, administrative, and health departments to discuss and arrange for the long-distance march, and each department specifically guarantees the work." On August 19, Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Chen Geng and Guo Tianmin: "I learned from the telegram on the 14th. (1) We consider your mobilization and preparations to be appropriate. (2) The Deng Corps is under your command, and you should supervise and inspect the mobilization and preparation of the Corps. " From August to early September, the 4th and 15th Corps, like other Corps in the Four Fields, took a summer break for more than a month. They successively carried out recovery of physical strength, surprise treatment of the sick, light troops, and tactical training for mountain and river battles. Work, and extensively carried out political mobilization to enter Guangdong and educational activities such as respect for local party committees, guerrillas, and compliance with urban policies.After this rest and reorganization, the troops completed a series of major changes in ideology, organization, tactics and technology after the northern troops first arrived in the south, creating favorable conditions for going south to Guangdong to chase and wipe out the remnants of the enemy. During this period, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China further improved the strategic deployment of liberating Guangdong and Guangxi. On August 1, 1949, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the establishment of a new South China branch, appointing Ye Jianying as the first secretary, Zhang Yunyi as the second secretary, and Fang Fang as the third secretary.The South China Branch is under the leadership of the Central China Bureau and is responsible for the liberation of Guangdong and the management of Guangdong and Guangxi. On August 9, Ye Jianying left Beiping and went south, passing through Wuhan, Jiujiang, Nanchang and other places, and arrived in Ganzhou, Jiangxi on September 3.According to Mao Zedong's instructions, Ye Jianying will hold an important meeting here to "discuss the overall situation". Ganzhou is the capital of southern Jiangxi. It is an ancient city with a history of more than 2,000 years. It originates from the Gongshui River and Zhangshui River in the Wuyi Mountains and Nanling Mountains. It is the main road from Jiangxi to Guangdong and Fujian.Before Ye Jianying arrived in Ganzhou, the army and local responsible comrades who participated in the liberation of Guangdong also rushed here to join forces in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. They are: Chen Geng, commander and political commissar of the 4th Corps, Guo Tianmin, deputy commander, and deputy political Liu Zhijian, member and director of the Political Department; Deng Hua, commander of the 15th Corps, Lai Chuanzhu, political commissar, Hong Xuezhi, first deputy commander and chief of staff, Xiao Xiangrong, director of the Political Department; Fang Fang, former secretary of the South China Branch; Lei Jingtian and others.Comrade Zhang Yunyi was unable to arrive in Ganzhou at that time because he attended the first meeting of the New CPPCC in Beiping. Mao Zedong paid special attention to the Ganzhou meeting. On September 8, he called Ye, Fang, Chen, and Deng, and told Lin and Deng: "(1) You have gathered in Ganzhou, and you are very pleased. The content of your meeting should be decided according to the repeated telegrams from the Central Committee and the interview with Jianying. (2) The South China Branch Bureau led by Fang Fang and other comrades, as well as the party committees and people's armed forces in various places in South China, have made great achievements. The new South China Branch Bureau and the main force of the People's Liberation Army that will soon enter South China should have sufficient and appropriate estimates of such achievements so that the two Comrades on all sides are united and harmonious, learn from each other, learn from each other's strengths and make up for each other's weaknesses, so as to strive for a great victory. (3) While holding a meeting, you can order the two corps to start marching south.The first step is to advance to the line of Shaoguan and Wengyuan, and prepare to rest on this line for a few days before capturing Guangzhou. We believe that we should not divide our troops to go to Huizhou, and it is appropriate to occupy Huizhou after the capture of Guangzhou.Because the main force of the four fields will be able to advance to the Zhijiang, Baoqing, and Hengzhou lines in mid-September.Bai Chongxi must retreat to Guangxi without a fight (he will never fight me in Hunan, the suspicious formation is for the purpose of delaying our army's advance).Our Chen Deng Corps should strive to occupy Guangzhou in the second half of October. Chen Bingtuan is expected to enter the Wuzhou area in November.The main force of the four fields entered the Liuzhou and Guilin areas at the same time.In December, you can go deep into Guangxi and look for Baibu to fight.Liu Deng led the main forces of the second field. They could enter Guizhou in November and Chongqing in December.In this way, our various armies can cooperate with each other.If you have any comments on the marching time and attack targets, please let me know. " On the same day, Ye Jianying and Chen Geng reported the combat meeting held the day before (September 7) to the Military Commission.曲江、惠阳，创造和平解决条件，争取和平解决。同时准备对付坚守广州顽抗之敌。” 在报告两兵团的集结地区和集结时间之后，叶、陈提出了两个作战方案： 1、如果国民党军扼守曲江、英德之线顽抗时，“四兵团除以一部由铁道西迂回敌之左侧外，主力沿粤汉路及东西两侧并进；十五兵团由三南插至英德或以北断敌归路，求得歼灭敌之四个军。以两广纵队经惠阳向南迂回并相机占领惠州，视情况必要时以一个军加强之，华南局主力则积极向潮汕方向佯攻，牵制与迷惑敌人”。 2、如果国民党军集中主力退守广州、虎门时，“我决以四兵团沿粤汉路南下进至广州以北、以西，十五兵团进至广州以东，两广纵队则插至广州以南，截断广州、虎门间之联系，合力聚歼广州之敌。华南分局部队仍监视与钳制潮汕之敌”。报告最后建议：三野叶飞兵团攻占厦门后以一部出汕头、潮州作战，最好同时行动，并向东佯动，以资配合广东战役。 9月12日，毛泽东复电叶陈：“八日电悉。两兵团第一步集结并休息数日，第二步齐头进至曲江、翁源地区并休息数日，第三步协力夺取广州，除此以外均同意。” 叶剑英是闻名中外的中国人民解放军总部参谋长，地位高，威望重，他来到赣州之后，两兵团负责人一致请他统一指挥。叶剑英却仍坚持由陈赓统一指挥两兵团和两广纵队的作战行动，并将这一意见上报中央和华中局，得到批准。至于军队系统和华南分局的关系，各兵团负责人都表示接受分局领导，凡属带方针性问题和全盘计划都提交分局讨论，以取得党、政、军、民的配合，不必另组前委。我军领导人这种相互信任、大公无私的坦诚胸怀，各部门之间服从大局的团结精神，国民党军队是根本做不到的。 进军广东的各项准备工作紧张而周密地展开。9月11日至19日，叶剑英在赣州连续主持召开了三次华南分局扩大会议，分别讨论了解放广东的作战计划、华南各地党政军领导机关的组成及干部配备、支前工作和接管城市的政策等问题，并作出了一系列决定。 当时，我中共党组织已在华南地区建立了粤桂边、粤桂湘边、粤赣湘边、闽粤赣边、琼崖、滇桂黔边、粤中等七块游击根据地，继1947年成立中国人民解放军琼崖纵队之后，1949年又先后成立了粤赣湘边纵队、闽粤赣边纵队、粤桂边纵队、粤中纵队和粤桂湘边纵队，部队发展到8万余人。 这些地方武装无疑是解放华南的一支重要力量。叶剑英和方方一起，制定了广东地方武装配合作战的计划，并联名发出《关于解放广东部署给各区党委的指示》，该指示对各纵队在潮汕、惠州、西江南北岸、茂名等地配合大军作战问题，作了具体布置。 叶、方向各区党委强调：“此次华南解放战争，是华南最后彻底解放的一战。各地务须在党政军民中作充分的动员参战、支前。但因华南情况复杂，特别是英、美、法等帝国主义侵略深入内地，故我们一切行动，特别足以惹起帝国主义借口干涉的事件切应避免，我们对帝国主义的方针是既不示弱，也不轻易挑衅。 因此在与帝国主义边邻地区(如惠、东、宝之与香港，如中山之与澳门，如粤桂边之与越南法帝，如汕、湛之与外侨)，各地都应派出能掌握政策干部，站稳立场，不上帝国主义及国特挑拨之当，不作群众冲动之尾巴。一切关于外侨处理问题，必须迅速请示分局及中央。 " 叶剑英还向此次奉命打回老家的两广纵队负责人特别强调了涉外问题。曾生回忆说：“会议结束后，叶剑英同志接见了我，和执行入粤先遣组任务的何维、卢克华、曾小芳三位同志，方方同志也在座。叶剑英同志首先详细地询问了先遣组三位同志的经历和工作情况，并亲自做了记录。 然后口头交代任务。他指出：百年来我们中国受帝国主义的侵略侮欺，广东人民对帝国主义是很仇恨的。但我们当前的主要敌人是国民党反动派而不是帝国主义，告诉广东的同志不要把对象搞错了。他还传达了毛泽东、周恩来同志的指示，规定我们的部队不能越过樟木头一线。 最后叶剑英同志口述赋予粤赣湘边纵队的任务，要求先遣组的同志牢牢记在脑子里，见到林平同志后口头传达。先遣组的任务交代完毕后，叶剑英同志问，两广纵队回到广东后有什么打算？我说：遵照党的指示办。 他说：广东解放后，你们可以一部分集中驻守珠江三角洲，一部分干部和部队分散到各区去，加强各区的工作。你们驻守珠江三角洲，而对香港、澳门，对内要搞好治安，对外要加强监视，但要避免发生涉外事件。这个问题很重要，一定要抓好。 " 几十万大军入粤作战，后勤和支前任务十分艰巨。而组织如此大规模的支前工作，对广东来说还是第一次，困难是很多的。为此，华南分局作出《关于支前工作的决定》，对支前工作的任务、困难作了具体分析，从地方政府和野战军两个方面提出了严格要求，对于支前的组织领导、粮食的筹集、民工担架的动员以及公路桥梁的修建都作了详尽的规定。《决定》号召：“广东全省特别是粤北全区各级党政机关，必须将支前工作作为目前最重要最紧急的中心任务，各方面的工作，均应围绕着这一中心任务来进行。” 《决定》还特别强调：“此次支前工作，所需人力物力为数甚巨，稍一疏忽，就会造成很大浪费，这是必须引起全体同志严密注意的。我们一方面固须用尽一切力量，保证部队供给，便利大军作战；但是另一方面也要爱惜人力物力，照顾群众的困难。广东人民经过蒋匪长期的搜刮掠夺，生活已相当困难，此次又支援我大军作战，困难必更增加，如不适当的加以照顾，我们就有可能脱离群众。因此，担任支前工作的同志，必须精确计算，周密布置，严格执行制度，切勿疏忽大意；部队同志则应防止虚报冒领，防止挥霍破坏，一切需要应与支前机关协商，统一筹划，不要乱收乱要；遵守支前机关的各项制度与规定，不要贪图自己方便，造成整个损失。节省人力物力，对于目前支援战争及将来的生产建设均有重大的意义。” 如何评价原华南分局的工作？这不仅关系到南下干部与当地干部相互之间的团结与信任，也是毛泽东事先就一再强调过的重要问题。在叶剑英的主持下，华南分局第三次扩大会议专门作出了《关于过去华南及广东工作的决议》，(决议》认为：“方方同志等领导的华南分局和各地党委，自一九四六年以来，在广东及华南各省领导人民的武装斗争和各项工作，是有了很大成绩的。 这表现在已经解放了广东一千三百万以上的人民，创造了八万以上的人民武装，组织了一百五十万以上的农会会员，并在广东全省三分之一以上的地区，初步建立了人民民主政权。这些成绩，就使得华南敌后的人民战争，得以坚持下来，配合了三年来全国解放战争的胜利，同时又给人民解放军主力进人华南及广东作战，最后完成解放华南及解放广东全省的任务，提供了有利的条件。 " 《决议》指出：“自然，这也不是说华南的工作并没有丝毫缺点，缺点是有的，但缺点是次要的，是可以而且应该原谅的，只有这样才合乎事实，才合乎孤悬敌后的这种情况。因此，对于方方同志等所领导的华南分局，各地党委及人民武装，在这一时期工作上所获得的这些成绩，我们完全同意中央九月八日电示，认为应该作出足够的和适当的估计，使今后新参加华南及广东工作的各方面干部，与原来坚持在华南及广东工作的干部取得认识上的一致，以达到互相学习尊重，互相取长补短，融洽、团结，以争取解放整个华南的伟大胜利。” 从9月21日开始，华南分局在赣州召开高级干部会议，传达扩大会议精神。21日当天，方方同志首先作了一个题为《关于广东情况的介绍》的报告，详细介绍了广东的自然条件、民俗风情、解放战争以来对敌斗争、目前各边区党委武装的分布与实力等情况。 方方，广东普宁人，1924年在第二届广州农民运动讲习所毕业后，投身于广东工农运动，1926年由共青团员转为中国共产党党员。1930年，他随邓发同志进入闽西苏区，历任杭武县县委书记、福建省委代理书记等职。红军主力长征后，他和张鼎丞、谭震林等同志一起，在闽西南领导坚持了艰苦卓绝的三年游击战争。 抗日战争中，他担任中共南方工作委员会书记，领导华南地区党的组织和抗日工作。抗战胜利后，他奉命赴北平，成为叶剑英同志领导的军事调处执行部中共代表团的一员。不久，作为军调部第八小组中共首席代表，到广州执行停战协定和解决我华南抗日纵队北撤问题，同国民党当局阻挠我东江纵队北撤的行径进行了坚决斗争。 完成这一任务后，党中央调他到香港任中共中央代表，不久任中共中央香港分局书记，领导广东、广西、云南、闽粤赣边党的工作。1949年4月，香港分局奉命改称华南分局，方方仍任书记，5月，他率分局机关从香港迁到梅县，8月接到中央让他北上的指示后，一路跋山涉水，于9月初赶到江西赣州与叶剑英等同志会合，就任新的华南分局第三书记。 方方长期战斗和工作在华南，对广东的情况非常熟悉。他针对与会干部大都是北方人，极少接触过广东人的情况，首先介绍了广东人的性格特点和民俗风情。他告诉大家：“广东人是著名强悍好斗。流行的一句广东话'唔做衰仔'，就是不要跟不上别人，以落后为可耻。因此，广东人有一股傻劲。在广东常常发生械斗，乡与乡之间，或姓族与姓族之间常因争风水、争水利，械斗数年不止，甚至历代成为世仇。如今年新会一带械斗，出动了机关枪、火箭炮，伪政府无法压止，在这些械斗中死人不少。” “广东人一般是豪爽、热情、喜交朋友，富于冒险精神。敢拼、敢干。如明末清初许多华侨是坐了木船漂洋出海的，这便是拼与干的精神的表现。因此广东人做事一般是大胆的、勇敢的，参加革命很积极。从大革命、土地革命、抗日战争以至最近三年的解放战争中，广东人民中涌现了不少的革命干部，广东游击战争的坚持与发展，这也是有广东广大人民的援助。但广东部分城市居民，受坏的影响较久，有骄傲、自大毛病，自以为开化较早，见得事情多，弄小聪明，不只轻视外省人，也轻视山县及乡村人。” 在谈到风俗方面时，方方说：“广东因与外洋接触较早，礼节不大讲究。”“好吃是广东人的一个特点，广东人对于吃的讲究是很出名的，穿着倒也随便。广州的点心有各式各样，蛇、老鼠、狗、猫、禾花雀、禾虫……很多别省人不敢吃或没见过的东西，在这里都有人吃。那是外省人会觉得惊异的。”“男女社交关系，广东人较随便，一般说来，城市与山地里的人比较随便些，农村中大乡大姓的地方较为严格。 在某些乡村，例如看戏，偶然回头一看，便有人喝骂，因为以为你是看他们的女人了。 ”“民众一般的爱好清洁，天天都要洗澡，这与北方人不同，广东人洗澡只用一个盆或一个桶，因为他们常常洗，只周身一淋便算了。北方人因不常洗，一洗便要一二个钟头，这与广东人不同。 " 方方特别指出一点：“有人以为广东人有特别排外倾向，我以为那是并不确实的。从大革命到目前，广东党的领导干部．及许多工作同志许多都是外来干部，如内战时期聂荣臻同志、李富春同志等都是外省人，当时红军四六团长李英同志是湖南人，四七团李英平同志、四八团长由时彦同志都是四川人。他们都是外来干部，都领导过广东斗争，都没有碰过什么排外问题。 又如现在湘粤赣边的林平同志是江西人，黄松坚同志及梁威林同志是广西人，左洪涛同志是湖南人，他们都领导得很好，他们的领导都没有碰到过什么反对。因此，外来干部与本地干部团结问题，只不过是如全国的一般问题而已。 " 在回顾了三年来华南党组织的发展和对敌斗争的基本过程之后，方方指出：“在这三年来的斗争中，在普遍发展游击战争这一点来说，虽在中央正确领导下和全国胜利推动下有些成绩，但终究是游击队，若没有今天南下大军，我们自己在不犯大错的情况下，也还得要三年的时间才能解放广东，而像广州那样的大城市能否解放还成问题。 现在广东快要彻底解放了，广东三千多万人民可因此而少吃许多苦头，广东人民正准备热烈欢迎南下大军，南雄的农民，曾一连几天准备好花生作为小小的礼物来欢迎大军，他们正在小梅岭上北望大军的南下。这是广东广大人民普遍衷心庆幸的大事。”方方的这个报告，生动具体，对与会干部们了解广东、认识广东起了很大的帮助作用。 在随后几天中，陈赓同志作了军事问题的报告，两兵团的其他负责人，两广纵队负责人，粤东、粤北和赣南三个区党委的负责人，也在会上讲了话，9月23、24日，叶剑英作了一个长长的综合报告，分别阐述了任务和情况、城市政策、城市管理，团结会师、加强领导等五大问题。 他首先介绍了全国解放战争的大好形势，提出了解放华南的任务、途径和办法。同时还提出了准备对付帝国主义可能发动的武装干涉和封锁的任务。他特别强调城市管理要严格执行政策和纪律。最后，在谈到团结问题时，他说：“团结会师，这是中央所再三指示我们的”，“闭结问题要特别注意”，“现在是五湖英雄集中在一起，要把英雄主义发挥到集体中去，要正确而恰当地去处理事情。全体干部要团结起来。”叶剑英的这个报告，集中体现了十多天来一系列会议的主要精神，对广东的解放及其以后各项工作的开展，具有重要的指导意义。 这时，按照四野总部的部署，衡宝战役已经在9月中旬打响，西路军13兵团解放了沅陵、沪溪、溆浦、辰溪、怀化等地，突破了敌“湘粤联合防线”的北段，中路军12兵团又紧紧咬住了白崇禧集团的主力，与此同时，东路军第4兵团第13、第14、第15军，第15兵团第43、44军和两广纵队，也相继抵达各集结地点。9月28日，叶剑英、陈赓联名签发了《广州外围作战命令》，决定将东路军22万人分为右、左、南3路军，执行解放广东的任务。右路军由第4兵团的3个军共12万人组成；左路军由第15兵团的2个军共8万人组成；南路军由两广纵队、粤赣湘边纵队、粤中纵队共2万人组成。命令规定：第一步由右、左两路军先歼曲江、翁源、英德、佛冈一线之敌，尔后，右、左两路军沿粤汉路及其两侧并肩南下，会攻广州；南路军急进至广州虎门之间，截断敌南逃之路；在粤各地方武装作全面性出击，牵制当地敌军，配合主力作战。 29日，陈赓、郭天民、刘志坚将进攻广州的部署上报中央军委并四野、二野首长。10月1日，军委批准了这个部署计划。进攻广州的命令向部队下达后，正好传来人民政协会议闭幕和中央人民政府成立的消息。这个喜讯极大地鼓舞了全体指战员。陈赓司令员在庆祝中华人民共和国成立的高级干部会议上立下铿锵有力的誓言：“我们一定要百分之百地完成中央人民政府所给我们的一切任务。”各部队官兵更是群情激昂，纷纷表示决心，一定要用战斗的胜利作为中华人民共和国诞生的献礼。