Chapter 13 Chronicle of Liberation Events in Kunming

March Carry out anti-enemy work: In March 1948, Zheng Boke, secretary of the Yunnan Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China (hereinafter referred to as the Provincial Working Committee), instructed Gao Zhiyuan of the Kunming Municipal Working Committee of the Communist Party of China (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Working Committee) to carry out enemy worker intelligence work in Kunming. Put forward the work policy of "pull out, fight in, and cook in the enemy's heart", and selected a young student Ji Xingming ("Minqing", joined the party in April 1948), and began to work in the Kuomintang army, police, and constitution stationed in the Kunming area. , building relationships, developing organizations, and gathering intelligence.

Establish the first work point: In March, Ji Xingming introduced young student Lin Yujun to join the "Minqing".Taking advantage of the "Northwest Hotel" opened by Lin's family with complex personnel and easy cover conditions, Gao Zhiyuan decided to establish a working point here. Establishing development relationship: In March and April, Lin Yujun introduced accountant Xie Jiabao of "Northwest Hotel", Li Rongguang of Criminal Police Brigade, and Zhao Daying to join "Minqing"; Ji Xingming introduced Second Lieutenant of Military Law Department of Yunnan Garrison Command The clerk Qian Zaigui joined the "Minqing"; the higher-level party organization transferred to the "Minqing" relationship of Yang and others from the First Police Station.

April Obtaining intelligence protection organization: In April, the enemy situation work organization learned from the Criminal Police Brigade that the spies were going to arrest the intelligence of Pan Jinggui, a teacher of the Kunming Girls’ Primary School and a member of the Communist Party of China, and reported it to the higher-level organization in time.The party organization mobilized student protection to prevent Pan Jinggui from being arrested; during the Kunming students' commemoration of the "Red May" event, the enemy workers learned that the Kuomintang secret service had developed spies among the students and collected information on the blacklist of progressive students, and reported it to the higher-level organization in time and learned that the Military Command Dian Station and the Police Headquarters sent special agents to Malipo and Maguan to investigate the activities of the People's Armed Forces and dispatched special agents to Kaiyuan to arrest the People's Armed Liaison Officers; Bijiguan and other places arrested my comrades who went to work in the countryside under the pretext of inspection.

May Establishing a relationship with the Criminal Police Brigade: In May, Li Rongguang reported to the organization that his cousin Pan Shaoqing, who was attached to the Criminal Police Brigade of the Municipal Police Department (the Fourth Open Group of the Military Command Dian Station), was excluded and dissatisfied with the Kuomintang rule.Gao Zhiyuan decided that Li Rongguang would establish a relationship with him, but not develop him into the organization.Li Rongguang told him: As long as you work for us, you will be given a way out after liberation.Later, Pan Shaoqing once provided me with some valuable information.

Into the 26th Army's intelligence training class: In May, Lin Yujun introduced Liu Buyun to join the "Minqing", and through the relationship of a section chief of the Intelligence Department of the Ministry of Defense, Liu Buyun and other five people were sent to the 26th National Defense Department of the Kuomintang government. A training course for espionage personnel organized by the army.Soon due to the suspension of the training class, Liu Buyun and others withdrew. June Develop relationships in various police sub-bureaus: In June, according to the instructions of superiors, our enemy workers successively recruited 2 people to join the "Minqing" in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 8th sub-bureaus of the Kunming Police Station, and 1 person to join in the 5th sub-bureau. "Minqing".The higher-level organization transferred 3 people from the fire brigade, 1 person from the traffic brigade from the "Minqing" relationship, and 1 person from the "Xinlian" relationship.

According to the development of the enemy's work, Gao Zhiyuan promptly put forward the work policy of "pull out first, and attack in as a supplement", adopting flexible methods for different targets and gradually establishing intelligence channels. Provide information for the "anti-American and anti-Japanese" movement: In June, the provincial and municipal working committees decided to hold an "anti-American and anti-Japanese" rally for students in Kunming on June 17, and the Yunnan authorities issued a ban on student assemblies and parades.Pan Shaoqing, Qian Zaigui, Li Rongguang and others reported to the organization the information about the student parade, the gendarmerie and criminal police brigade special agents who were ordered to arrest scattered students who left the parade.Ji Xingming immediately went to Yunda University to try to inform the student union that students were not allowed to leave the brigade during the parade.The police failed to arrest the students during the parade, but 29 students were arrested by the military police when the students dispersed and returned to school after the parade.

Transfer of important documents: Since June 17, the Yunnan authorities have been arresting students, and the students were forced to gather in Yunnan University and Nanjing Middle School to persist in the struggle.Knowing that the enemy is planning to attack the two schools by force, arrest progressive students, and destroy the underground party organization in Yunnan, Gao Zhiyuan instructs Ji Xingming to venture into Nanjing Middle School, which is closely monitored and blocked by the military and police, and takes out a package of important documents to the organization.This batch of documents includes autobiographies of some underground party leaders, records of party dues, secret codes, and study materials.

July Grasp the situation of spies: In July, according to the requirements of the organization, Pan Shaoqing provided a group photo of the graduates of the special police training class serving in Kunming from Phase 1 to Phase 5, and marked with their names; in addition, he also provided photos of some spies for future reference. The Su Te work created the conditions. Obtaining interrogation information: On July 15, the Yunnan authorities attacked Yunda and Nanjing Middle School by force, arrested more than 800 teachers and students, and tortured the arrested teachers and students to extract confessions in an attempt to open the gap and obtain clues to destroy the Yunnan Party organization.Ji Xingming took the opportunity to escort the teachers and students for interrogation through the policemen of the criminal police brigade and members of the "Minqing" Yang Congxin and Zhou Shixue, so as to grasp the enemy's pre-trial situation of the teachers and students in time, and report to the superiors to avoid expanding losses.

Liaise with the work of the provincial guard camp: In late July, according to the arrangement of his superiors, Ji Xingming connected with Liu Yunzong, an underground party member of the provincial guard camp, and four members of the "Minqing Youth".From then on, the municipal working committee led the underground work of the provincial guard battalion through the enemy worker organization. Establish military intelligence relationship: In July, Li Rongguang encouraged Li Peilin, who had been removed from the military, to join the "Minqing".The organization designated Li Peilin to collect intelligence on the Military Command Yunnan Station and the Railway Police Department.

Provide information for the court struggle: At the end of July, Qian Zaigui and Wu Shiyong, members of the "Minqing" in the Military Law Department of the Ministry of National Security, took advantage of the opportunity of sorting out the pre-trial statements of teachers and students arrested during the "Anti-American Anti-Japanese" movement and submitted them to the special criminal court. Make a copy and hand it over to the party organization.This information has played a great role in the party organization's court struggles and trials. August Engraving "Xinhua Telegraph": Gao Zhiyuan recruited young student Tian Peikuan ("Minqing", joined the party in September 1948) to participate in the enemy's work, and used Tian Peikuan's home at No. 7 Tieju Lane as a work base, Tian Yuying (later joined "Minqing") participated For the base work, Tian Peikuan engraved "Xinhua Telecom" for use by the city's party organizations. This work lasted until June 1949.

At the end of August, the party organization transferred Zhou Zirong ("Xinlian") and three others to participate in intelligence work.Later, Lin Changde was sent into the fifth group of the criminal police team. September Establishment of the Enemy Situation Working Group: In September, with the approval of Zheng Boke, the Kunming City Enemy Situation Working Group (hereinafter referred to as the Enemy Worker Group) was established, led by Gao Zhiyuan, with Ji Xingming and Tian Peikuan as members.The work of the enemy worker team was directly led by Zheng Boke.The organization of the group is located at Ji Xingming's uncle's house at No. 45 Xincun, Yasukuni. Obtaining the enemy's confidential documents: In September, Liu Yunzong obtained a roster of officers from various security regiments from the Provincial Government Printing Office, and a set of military police special-level service training materials from the first squad leader of the 13th Gendarmerie Regiment.Li Rongguang stole a "Secret Handbook for Anti-Espionage" from the criminal police team.The above documents were submitted by Ji Xingming to Gao Zhiyuan. Establishment of the "Salvation League" organization: In September, with the approval of Zheng Boke, the enemy worker group established a peripheral organization "Yunnan National Salvation Justice League Association" to develop and establish relationships in the Kuomintang spy system.Gao Zhiyuan drafted the charter of the "Rescue League". In order to take advantage of the contradiction between the local forces in Yunnan and the KMT Central Committee, the charter stated: "I have three people, in order to save Yunnan from war and enjoy a peaceful and peaceful life.  … "Only a handful of relationships developed later on. Strengthen the work at the waist station base: In September, the enemy worker group sent Hu Jun to the waist station base in Lufeng County to secretly organize the "Farmers Self-Help Association" and launch the struggle against the "Three Marches".Later, on the basis of the "Farmers Self-Help Association", the Luluo Guerrilla Brigade was established. October Carry out enemy intelligence work: In October, Tian Peikuan introduced Chu Bowei, an employee of the commercial firm, to join the "Minqing", and Chu led the "Xinlian" alliance member Feng Ping to obtain intelligence from Jiang X, the chief of the intelligence section of the 26th Army. Work on the Intelligence Unit of the Criminal Police Brigade: In October, the superior transferred the relationship of Sun Shixi, a member of the "Minqing" League, to Ji Xingming, who led Ji to participate in the work of the enemy.In November, Sun Shixi introduced Zhang Yingwu, a political intelligence dispatcher from the intelligence unit of the Criminal Replacement Brigade, to join the "Minqing". November Developing party members in the guard camp: In November, Liu Yunzong and Tian Peikuan introduced Li Fu, the squad leader of the provincial guard camp, to join the party, which increased the party's strength in the guard camp. January On the 1st, Mao Zedong's New Year's message "Carry the Revolution Through to the End" written by Xinhua News Agency was published, announcing to China and foreign countries that our army will carry the War of Liberation to the end.Under the situation that the Chinese revolution is about to win the national victory, the reactionaries of the United States and Chiang Kai-shek conspired to "drown the river and rule" in order to preserve the reactionary forces in order to make a comeback.Chiang Kai-shek issued a New Year's Day statement seeking peace in an attempt to maintain his fascist rule in the name of "peace". On the 8th, the Politburo meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the resolution "Current Situation and the Party's Tasks in 1949", which continued to expose and combat the Kuomintang's peace talks conspiracy, and proposed a plan to march across the country. On the 14th, Chairman Mao Zedong issued a statement on the current situation, refuting Chiang Kai-shek's New Year's Day peace statement, and proposed eight peace talks conditions for the complete elimination of reactionary forces. On the 21st, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to "retire". Li Zongren acted as the president of the Nanjing government and agreed to use the conditions proposed by our party as the basis for peace talks. In order to meet the strategic deployment needs of the People's Liberation Army marching south of the Yangtze River, the Central Military Commission ordered the first column of the "Self-Rescue Army" fighting on the border of Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou to cooperate with the Kaiguang, Guangxi, Zuojiang area, Jingzhen District, southwestern Guizhou, and southeastern Yunnan in Guangxi. The guerrilla forces in the Luopan and Milu areas were jointly organized into the Guangxi-Yunnan-Guizhou border column of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. February On the 12th, because the Kunming Central Bank refused to exchange the purple denomination gold dollar bills, the people who were forced to run for survival stormed the central bank branch building on Nanping Street. Lu Han went to the scene in person and ordered the military police to arrest the crowd and shoot 21 innocent people on the spot. . On the 20th, the headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army included Lu Han in the list of war criminals. Xinhua News Agency published a short commentary "Warning the Murderer". On the 25th, Lu Han entrusted Song Yichen, a democrat who was associated with our party, as a representative, and brought Lu Han's letter to Chairman Mao Zedong and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De to the Hong Kong Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China through Huang Luofeng and others, expressing his willingness to "accept instructions."Pan Hannian, a member of the Hong Kong branch, received Song Yihen and reported to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Zhou Enlai.The Hong Kong branch replied to Lu Han: Song Yihen will be in touch temporarily; without the consent of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he cannot go north. March The Communist Party of China convened the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee. Based on the general situation that the War of Liberation is about to win nationwide victory, it proposed three methods of "Tianjin", "Peking" and "Suiyuan" to deal with the more than 1 million remnant Kuomintang troops in the future, and demanded that the Chinese People's Liberation Army Use these three methods flexibly according to the situation to deal with the enemy. The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China instructed the Northeast Bureau to select personnel from the Uprising Yunnan Army to fight for Lu Han.The Northeast Bureau and the Political Department of the Northeast Military Region sent Zhang Bingchang, acting chief of staff of the 50th Army, back to Kunming in May, and conveyed to Lu Han the Central Military Commission's will to fight for Lu Han's uprising and to publicize the party's policies; the Northeast Bureau also repatriated a group of educated The uprising and captured Yunnan army officers returned to Yunnan. Some of them were arranged by Lu Han to serve in the security regiment, and some were appointed as county magistrates. In accordance with the spirit of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Yunnan Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China analyzed the situation in Yunnan and proposed to actively develop urban mass movements and anti-Chiang united fronts based on mobilizing the masses to develop armed struggle and cooperate with the field army to liberate Yunnan. Suiyuan Way" is the policy of liberating Yunnan. Lu Han entrusted Long Zehui, commander of the Third Security Brigade, to send someone to contact Zhu Jiabi, deputy commander of the Guangxi-Yunnan-Guizhou Frontier Column, and asked for a meeting.Zhu Jiabi reported to the Guangxi-Dianbian Working Committee and the Provincial Working Committee, and wrote back to Lu Han asking him to provide some weapons and ammunition to show his sincerity. Yang Qingtian was elected as the vice-chairman of the Provincial Senate through elections. After being deployed by the Provincial Working Committee, and under the instigation of the party’s united front group within the meeting, he launched a struggle to stop conscription in Yunnan. At the same time, the Kunming Municipal Party Committee mobilized all walks of life to support this initiative. The struggle achieved the expected victory. April After negotiating with the peace talks delegation of the Nanjing government of the Kuomintang, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China drafted eight articles and twenty-four paragraphs of the "Peace Agreement", which stipulated specific policies for peaceful methods, but was rejected by Chiang Kai-shek. On the 21st, Chairman Mao Zedong and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De issued the "Order to March to the Nation". The Second, Third and Fourth Field Armies of the People's Liberation Army launched a cross-river campaign, broke through Chiang Kai-shek's Yangtze River defense line, and occupied Nanjing. On the 25th, Chairman Mao Zedong and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De issued the "Proclamation of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" (eight chapters).Based on this, the Yunnan Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China analyzed the situation in Yunnan and instructed local party committees, “With regard to the issue of the liberation of Yunnan, we strive for the Beiping style, but we must base ourselves on preparing to adopt the Tianjin style; Yunnan; at the same time, we must strengthen the united front and the work of winning over local powerful factions". The United Front Working Group of the Provincial Working Committee launched a struggle in the provincial council against Jiang's 89th Army in Guizhou and to prevent the Eighth Army and Hu Zongnan from entering Yunnan. At the end of April, Lu Han sent Song Yichen to report to the South China Branch Bureau, preparing to revolt in accordance with the eight conditions of the peace talks of the CPC Central Committee, requesting the CPC Central Committee to indicate the course of action, and send a representative to Kunming to liaise.The South China Branch reported the situation to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Zhou Enlai. May At the beginning of the month, Qiao Guanhua, a leading member of the South China Branch, met with Song Yihen in Hong Kong. Song reported the situation in Yunnan, saying: Lu Han was eager to act, and hoped that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China would immediately issue guidelines and send cadres to Kunming to assist. On the 11th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a telegram to Zhou Nan, Zhuangtian and the South China Branch, pointing out that "If Lu is determined to launch an anti-Chiang, under possible conditions, I can use an armed force to cooperate with Lu's army to eliminate Chiang's forces, but other than that, no conditions can be established. , can not accept any constraints", "the local peace issue in Yunnan, Lu Han should send a plenipotentiary directly to Beiping to negotiate with the Chinese People's Liberation Army headquarters." In the second half of the year, representatives Zhu Jiabi, Xu Nanbo, and Yang Shoudu of "Bianzong" held talks with Lu Han's representative Long Zehui at Mopan Temple in Yangjie, Xundian.Before and after that, Lu Han sent weapons to Bian Zong in three batches, and provided radio stations, part of funds, and medicines.At the same time, Zhang Zizhai, director of the Political Department of the Frontier Vertical, led a working group to Kunming secretly to carry out the specific work of winning over Lu Han. The Yunnan Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Kunming Municipal Party Committee proposed to the party organizations at all levels in Kunming the slogan "oppose the remnants of Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary forces to retreat into Yunnan, and strive for the peaceful liberation of Yunnan parts", mobilize the masses deeply, and develop a united front.The Kunming underground party promptly reprinted documents such as "Order to March to the Nation" and "Chinese People's Liberation Army Announcement" and distributed them to the military and political personnel of the Kuomintang to launch a political offensive.The United Front Work Group of the Provincial Working Committee united the patriotic democrats in the provincial council, took advantage of the contradiction between Jiang and Lu, and launched a campaign to expel He Shaozhou, the direct descendant of Chiang Kai-shek and the commander-in-chief of the Yunnan garrison. Chiang Kai-shek transferred He Shaozhou, and the garrison headquarters was abolished. In June, the Yunnan Appeasement Office was established with Lu Han as its director. The United Front Work Group of the Provincial Working Committee launched an opposition in the Provincial Council against the Kuomintang reactionaries' transfer of gold, silver, and foreign currency stored in Yunnan, and the demolition of equipment from factories such as the 53rd Arsenal to Taiwan.At the same time, the underground party launched a campaign against the Kuomintang Central Government's issuance of silver dollar certificates in Yunnan in the provincial council and in the society. On the 11th, the Yunnan provincial government decided to mint and issue silver coins (half-open) throughout the province, and refused to issue silver dollar certificates; on the 14th, it also decided to withhold gold, silver, and foreign exchange shipped from abroad, and take over the customs duties and salt tax in charge of the Ministry of Finance of the Kuomintang central government. Wait for national tax. June After the liberation of Wuhan, the enemies in the south-central region, with the troops of Central China military and political chief Bai Chongxi as the main force, established the "Hunan-Guangdong Joint Defense Line" in an attempt to prevent our army from advancing southward.The Central Military Commission decided that the strategic policy of making a big detour and encircling the enemies in the southwest and the Bai Chongxi Group should be adopted to cut off their retreat, complete the encirclement first, and then fight back. influences.Order the Fourth Field Army and the Fourth Corps of the Second Field Army to quickly march to the south, liberate the five provinces of Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Guangxi, and cut off the escape route of Bai Chongxi's troops to Yunnan and Guizhou; Cut off the retreat of Hu Zongnan's group and the Sichuan-Kangzhou enemies to Yunnan; use the North China Field Army and the first field and one department to wait for the second field to cut off the enemy's retreat, and join forces with the main forces of the second field to gather and wipe out the Hu Zongnan group. In the same month, the People's Liberation Army headquarters sent Zhou Tiren (Yunnan nationality, Dai nationality), the former KMT's Beiping garrison commander who participated in Fu Zuoyi's uprising, to return to Yunnan.Zhou arrived at the end of August and was on standby to instigate the Luhan uprising. After the People's Liberation Army crossed the river, people of all ethnic groups and walks of life in Yunnan rejoiced and enthusiastically supported the decisions and calls of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.The underground organization of the CCP in Kunming also further strengthened the party's propaganda and organization work, actively developed the party and peripheral mass organizations, mobilized the masses freely, and carried out various tasks to prepare for the PLA.Workers in the city's factories, railway transportation, post and telecommunications and other systems all have party work; except for the railway system, the trade unions are controlled by the underground party.The 38 universities and middle schools in the city have carried out party work.In the administrative, financial, financial, public security, police and other departments of the Kuomintang, legal forms of mass organizations such as life mutual aid, cultural and sports, and learning associations have been established.In terms of the work of the Kuomintang government agencies, underground party members with the status of officials above the department, peripheral organizations and personnel with political ties to the underground party, and democrats who support the eight conditions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to carry out all aspects of work. The United Front Work Group of the Provincial Working Committee launched a struggle in the provincial council to ban the secret service organizations in Yunnan and prevent the 303rd Division of the Guangxi Clan from entering Yunnan. Chiang Kai-shek was forced to withdraw the public secret service organizations and personnel from Yunnan; Lu Han agreed to keep them secret Shen Zui, the director of the Bureau's Yunnan Station, stayed on as the Director of Security and Defense of the Yunnan Appeasement Office, and Shen Zui used this to continue to deploy hidden spy organizations and underground radio stations in Yunnan. In accordance with the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the South China Branch transferred Lin Liming to serve as Secretary of the Party Committee of the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guizhou Border Region.Lin Liming came to Kunming to work with Zheng Boke, secretary of the Yunnan Provincial Working Committee, to prepare for the construction of the district party committee; before going to the guerrilla base in southeast Yunnan to hold a meeting to expand the cadres for the establishment of the district party committee, he listened to the work situation of the Kunming municipal party committee and the comprehensive deployment of the spirit of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee report. July Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, wrote to Zhou Enlai to ask Zhou Enlai to meet with representatives of local powers in Yunnan.It is told that if Lu Han can revolt when our army enters Yunnan, and declare his anti-imperialist, anti-feudal, and anti-Jiang Gui stance, then the Yunnan issue can be resolved peacefully. Lu Han went to Peiping on behalf of Song Yihen.Relevant leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China met with Song Yihen, and expressed their welcome to Lu Han's closeness to the people, against Chiang Kai-shek's uprising, and the historical crimes of the past. In the last ten days, according to the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in March, the Work Committee of Guangxi and Yunnan Province of the Communist Party of China merged with the Work Committee of the Yunnan Province of the Communist Party of China.A meeting of expanded cadres was held in Ameng, Yanshan, and the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guizhou Border Area Committee of the Communist Party of China was established.The enlarged meeting of the party committee of the border area decided to intensify the anti-Chiang united front work and strive for the peaceful liberation of Kunming.And in the next month, Zhu Jiabi, Zhang Zizhai, and Zheng Dun were sent as representatives to negotiate with Lu Han's representative Long Zehui again in Lunan Shilin to try to get Lu Han closer to the people. August Lu Han sent Zhuo Li as a representative to Xikang to contact Liu Wenhui, and through Liu Wenhui to contact Pan Wenhua and Deng Xihou in Sichuan to prepare for an uprising. In accordance with the strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, the People's Liberation Army successively liberated vast areas in western Hubei, Hubei, northwestern Jiangxi, and southwestern Jiangxi.Cheng Qian, chairman of the Hunan Province of the Kuomintang, and Chen Mingren, commander of the First Corps, led an uprising, and Changsha, Xiangtan and other places were peacefully liberated.Then our 13th Corps went south to Guangxi through western Hunan, and the 4th and 15th Corps marched from Jiangxi to Guangdong, advancing along the border of Guangdong and Guangxi, cutting off the enemy's escape route to Yunnan, Guizhou and Hainan Island. In the last ten days, Chiang Kai-shek flew from Taiwan to Chongqing via Guangzhou, and summoned Hu Zongnan, Song Xilian, and Zhang Qun, the chief of the Southwest Military and Political Office, to plan the deployment of the Southwest Defense Line, and summoned Lu Han to Chongqing. Then, Jiang sent Xiao Yisu, Yu Jishi, and Jiang Jingguo to Kunming to urge Lu to go to Chongqing successively; Zhang Qun also called Lu's chief secretary Yang Shisheng to urge Lu to obey his orders.Lu Han and his military and political officials hesitated.At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek sent Xiao Yisu, the deputy chief of the general staff, to Kunming to deploy the "encirclement and suppression" frontier column.During this period, there were rumors in Guangzhou and Hong Kong that Kunming was controlled by the CCP, that Yunnan had revolted, that Jiang’s Li Mi’s Eighth Army, Liu Bolong’s Eighty-ninth Army, and Guangxi’s Zhang Guangwei’s troops had entered western Guizhou and Guangxi, approaching the border of Yunnan, and tightened their control over Yunnan. deployment actions.A complex and tense situation suddenly appeared in Yunnan. On the 28th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a telegram to the Hong Kong Working Committee, and informed the Party Committee of the Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou Border Regions to send people to Kunming to contact Song Yihen, and instructed 5 principles for working with Lu Han: 1.Ask them to allow our troops to move freely and accept all their guns, ammunition, money and food assistance; 2.Mobilize the Senate and mass organizations and schools to unanimously refuse the entry of Jiang Gui's bandit troops; 3.Ask him to centralize the 12 security groups; 4.5. Strengthen the control of Jiang bandits' spies, and catch them all when necessary; 5.Lu's troops must be strictly disciplined and effectively protect national property. On the 31st, Song Yihen returned to Kunming from Beiping via Hong Kong, and conveyed to Lu Han the opinions of the CPC Central Committee for Lu Han's uprising. At the end of the month, Zheng Boke and Zhou Nan, deputy secretaries of the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guizhou Border District Committee of the Communist Party of China, went to Kunming from the southeastern Yunnan guerrilla zone to listen to the report of the Kunming Municipal Party Committee on the development of the situation and the measures to prepare for sudden incidents, and made further research and deployment.It is believed that if Lu Ruo goes to Chongqing, he must accept Chiang Kai-shek's conditions, otherwise he will be detained.So Yang Qingtian invited Xu Jizu and Miao Yuntai, local upper-level figures, to advise Lu Han not to be deceived and go to Chongqing, and tried to mobilize the masses to take appropriate measures to strengthen Lu Han's anti-Chiang stance. September On the 3rd, because Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly urged Lu to go to Chongqing but failed, he believed that Lu "decided to betray the central government to protect himself".Jiang Jingguo wrote in his diary: "Father finally decided: 'The principle of solving the Yunnan problem should be based on politics and avoid bloodshed'". On the 6th, Lu Han went to Chongqing under repeated coercion by Chiang Kai-shek.Chiang Ching-kuo recorded in his diary: "When my father was worried about the situation in the southwest, especially the situation in Yunnan, Lu Hanguo came to Chongqing this afternoon, and all the established policies must be changed." The final key to the success or failure of the revolution, if you can fight for it peacefully without bloodshed, is the greatest blessing. Moreover, neither the central government's entry into Yunnan nor the armies stationed in Yunnan are sure of victory. Only with the determination of 'Ning others to blame me, don't I blame others', and give it considerable satisfaction, so that he has some insights." Don't let them go back to Yunnan, my father clearly told me that I can't." On the afternoon of the 6th, Zheng Boke, deputy secretary of the Border Region Party Committee, learned that Lu Han was going to Chongqing and made contingency arrangements.The Kunming Municipal Party Committee notified that those party members who have been exposed in front-line work, except those who must stick to their posts, should immediately hide and prepare for evacuation and transfer. At noon on the 7th, Chiang Kai-shek "drawn up a plan to eliminate the CCP and the reactionaries, and proposed to the government to distribute Lu Han's suppression of the CCP 1 million yuan in silver", and had a long talk with Lu Han, "urging him to act immediately".After discussions between Jiang and Lu, an agreement was reached: Chiang Kai-shek promised to give Lu Han the establishment and designation of the two armies, and allocate military salaries, weapons and equipment; Carry out "purge"; "encirclement and suppression" and "frontier vertical"; airports and railway lines are controlled by Jiang Jun; partial reorganization of the provincial government and other conditions. On the 8th, Lu Han returned to Kunming from Chongqing. Xu Yuanju, the head of the Southwest District of the Secrecy Bureau, and Mao Renfeng, the director of the Bureau, also led a large number of spies to Kunming.Lu Han disclosed the "purge" news to Yang Qingtian, Tang Yongjiu and others through democrat Liu Shuqing and others.The Kunming underground organization of the Communist Party of China quickly evacuated and transferred a large number of party members and progressives to the rural guerrilla areas. At the same time, it adjusted the leadership of the organization. On the 7th, Zhou Nan left Kunfei Port and reported to the South China Branch. After Lu Han went to Chongqing, the Party Committee of the Border Region reported to the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the South China Branch that the conflict between Jiang and Lu could not be eradicated. A glimmer of hope to move closer to the people.The countermeasures are: 1. Actively fight for Lu, resolutely fight against the Chiang bandits, and expand their contradictions.For this purpose: 1.Reply or send someone to explain to Lu face-to-face: We understand his situation, and hope that he will not change his established path and principles because of the difficulties he feels. people to discuss; 2.Win over the subordinates of his security regiment and the people around him to strengthen him; 3.Mobilize the upper and lower levels of Kunming, the public opinion circles, and the Senate to win over Lu appropriately, oppose Chiang, demand a stable life, and oppose Jiang's army entering Yunnan: 2. If Lu is determined to rely on Chiang and attacks our army openly or secretly, we will sideline Pull forward and win the uprising of its security regiment, so as to force it to get closer to the people; 3. Overcome illusions and paralyzed ideas about Lu within the party, and the villages and cities are effectively prepared to deal with the harsh situation; 4. Actively attack militarily. On the 9th, Jiang's secret agents launched a counter-revolutionary "purge", disbanding the provincial council; sealing up newspapers and schools; arresting more than 400 democrats, newspaper staff, workers and students; Yang Jie, a famous democrat in Hong Kong. On the 10th, Song Yihen called the South China Branch and reported to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, requesting to "discuss countermeasures together." In accordance with the telegram from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Party Committee of the Border Region sent Zheng Dun to Kunming to negotiate with Song Yihen in mid-September.Zheng Dun went to Kunming, and after analyzing and studying the severe situation at that time with Zheng Boke, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the border area, and Chen Shengnian, secretary of the Kunming Municipal Party Committee, Zheng Dun met with Song Yihen twice.He explained the situation and the party's policies to Song, and solemnly pointed out that Lu Han broke his promise and died for Jiang. , and look for an opportunity to release; 2. Restore the newspaper office and school; 3. Give me the list of spies and suppress spy activities; 4. Ensure that the security teams will not attack me. Respond to the containment of the Jiang army, and report the deployment of the Jiang army to me at any time; 5. The local administrators are replaced by reactionaries, and the bully armed forces are reorganized or disbanded; 6. I will not attack the non-anti-communist armed forces and administrative personnel in Lu’s jurisdiction; Set up a radio station and keep in touch.After the meeting, Lu hesitated to reply.Zheng Boke and Zheng Dun returned to the guerrilla bases respectively, and handed over the contact codes agreed between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Song Yihen to Chen Shengnian before they left. October On the 1st, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed. The People's Liberation Army wiped out the main force of the Bai Chongxi Group in the Hengyang and Baoqing areas, and liberated the southern and western Hunan areas in the first ten days of the year. On the 14th, they liberated Guangzhou, an important city in South China, and then pursued and wiped out more than 40,000 people from Yu Hanmou, director of the Guangzhou Appeasement Office, in Yangjiang and Yangchun areas. On the 19th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an instruction to march to the southwest. In the same month, with the support of the people, the "frontier vertical" troops in Yunnan Province carried out the struggle against "encirclement and suppression". The "Bian Zong" westward marching troops jumped out of the outer line, advanced into western Yunnan, and cut off the enemy's escape route to Burma. Zhou Tiren met with Lu Han in the first and middle ten days, and introduced the situation of the peaceful liberation of Beiping and the policies of the Communist Party of China. Lu Han expressed his willingness to lead the uprising.Zhou Tiren conveyed the opinion of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to Lu that the best time for an uprising in Yunnan was when the People's Liberation Army marched towards Yunnan after the Hu and Bai armies of Jiang's forces were wiped out, and expressed his willingness to contact the PLA headquarters on Lu's behalf.During this period, Lu Han instructed Yang Zhenxing, the director of the Military Judicial Division of his Sui Department, to take charge of the interrogation of the arrested persons in the "Nine-Nine Purge". . November On the 3rd, Li Zongren, the acting president of the Kuomintang government, arrived in Kunming on an "outing tour". Lu Han received the support of local elders Li Gengen and Zhou Zhongyue and the promotion of mass struggles.After obtaining Li Zongren's instruction to "hand over to Chairman Lu discretion", all the arrested persons were released in batches before the end of November. On the 15th and 30th, Chongqing and Guiyang were liberated one after another. On the 21st, Liu Bocheng, commander of the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and Deng Xiaoping, a political commissar, issued four warnings to the military and political personnel of the Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Kang Kuomintang, namely: the Kuomintang government agencies, political, economic, cultural, educational and other staff should immediately protect the original There are organs, schools, property, equipment, and files waiting to be received; Kuomintang secret agents should immediately correct their mistakes and stop doing evil; rural security personnel should immediately maintain local order under the instructions of the PLA, and do errands for the PLA. Rewards for the guilty, punishment for the guilty, etc. In the same period, the anti-encirclement and suppression campaign of the Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou frontier columns achieved major victories.There are 61 liberated counties in Yunnan, and 10 guerrilla bases have been developed and expanded.The "frontier vertical" westward advance troops in Yunnan jumped out of the outer line, and the militia guerrillas with more than 90,000 people have formed a situation of encircling Kunming. The troops directly under the Army Headquarters led by Tang Yao, chief of staff of the Kuomintang Army Headquarters, and the six military police regiments led by Li Chufan, the deputy commander of the military police, successively entered eastern Yunnan, and a large number of spies were also withdrawn to Yunnan.Kunming became an air transport transit point for Kuomintang organizations and personnel to flee to Taiwan and other places.In order to prevent the Lu Han uprising and control Yunnan and Kunming, the Kuomintang spy organizations carried out various conspiracy activities. From the end of the month to the beginning of December, Lu Han informed the underground party organization in Kunming through democrats Song Yihen, Wu Shaomo, Liu Shuqing, Yang Kecheng, etc. who were in contact with the CCP, that he had decided to revolt and mobilized troops to look for opportunities to detain Jiang’s army commander Li Mi. , Yu Chengwan, etc., and put forward 6 specific requirements to the Kunming Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China.The Kunming Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China welcomes and supports the Lu Han uprising. Please pay close attention to the development of the situation during the uprising and wait for my report to the superior for instructions.Chen Shengnian, secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, and Lai Weimin, deputy secretary, agreed to immediately go east to Baise, Guangxi to meet the leader of the border party committee of the field army and Zheng Boke in the guerrilla zone in central Yunnan, and to report to Zhu Jiabi, the deputy commander of the "Bian Zong" who led the westward troops to fight in western Yunnan. And the Northwest Yunnan Prefectural Committee reported that it would not stop the Lu Han 74th Army that attacked the Liberated Area of ​​Western Yunnan when it moved eastward to Kunming. December On the 1st, Lu Han ordered the establishment of the Kunming Garrison Command and appointed Er Xiaoqing as its commander. On the 2nd, the Martial Law Proclamation was issued. On the 4th, Song Yihen wrote to the Kunming Municipal Party Committee, informing Lu Han of his decision to revolt, and attached Lu Han's six "heartfelt thoughts". On the 4th, the Kunming Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China invited Li Yufeng, the executive member of the Party Committee of the Border Region who was treating the disease in Kunming, to fly to Hong Kong to Guangzhou to report to the South China Branch Bureau about Lu Han's preparations for the uprising, and also asked Lin Liming and Zhuang Tian, ​​leaders of the Party Committee of the Border Region, who had arrived in Baise to welcome the field army, to report to the South China Branch. The city's party organizations made emergency deployments to prepare for unexpected events. On the same day, Nanning was liberated. On the 5th, Lu Han entrusted Zhou Tiren as a plenipotentiary representative, went to Guangzhou via Hong Kong, reported the uprising deployment to Ye Jianying, Fang Fang, and Gu Dacun on the evening of the 8th, and submitted Lu Han's written report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a letter to Ye Jianying, expressing " determined to revolt".And after the uprising, please send personnel from the central government to reorganize the army; please take over the local government in an orderly manner from top to bottom, and do not take over in chaos; local bandit armed forces, please do not reorganize; Liberation column, please stay in the original defense temporarily, don't mess up the local order; Lu Han's uncle Lu Junquan was captured in the northeast, please release and other requests.At the same time, Lin Nanyuan, Minister of Finance of the Provincial Government, was sent to contact Zhang Tiesheng, the Hong Kong Working Committee of the CCP, through Gong Zizhi, a Yunnan-born democrat in Hong Kong, to report that Lu Han was about to revolt. In the first ten days, after Chiang Kai-shek flew from Taiwan to Chongqing in mid-November, he transferred from Chongqing to Chengdu. The governor immediately moved the Kuomintang Ministry of Defense and Army headquarters to Kunming.Zhang Qun came and went to Rong Kun to lobby for arrangements, but Lu Hanjun politely refused. On the 7th, Chiang Ching-kuo said in his diary: "The attitude of Dian Lu to relying on the communists has also gradually emerged. He neither wants the base camp to stay in Kunming, nor accepts the name of the commander-in-chief of the Yunnan-Guizhou Suppression Communist Party." On the 8th, Zhang Qun, who was sent by Chiang Kai-shek to Kunming to "pacify" Lu Han, was ordered to go to Chengdu to meet Chiang Kai-shek with Long Zehui, Yu Chengwan, and Li Mi, and was scheduled to return to Kunming on the 9th.The situation was very urgent, Lu Han made a decisive decision and decided to revolt immediately, and notified the underground party organization of the Communist Party of China in Kunming. On the evening of the 8th, Kunming sent a special person to Central Yunnan with a letter to report to Zheng Boke, and made further preparations for sudden incidents. On the 9th, Zhang Qun, Long Zehui, Li Mi, and Yu Chengwan returned to Kunming.That night, Lu Han put Zhang Qun under house arrest under the pretext of Zhang Qun's meeting in Kunming, and detained Li Mi, Yu Chengwan, Shen Zui, Shen Yanshi, Li Chufan, Tong Hecen, Shi Butian and others who attended the meeting according to the notice.The uprising troops took control of important military sites in the city and disarmed the units of the Kuomintang central system stationed in Kunming.At midnight, Lu Han announced the uprising, issued a telegram, and reported to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army. On the same day, Liu Wenhui from Xikang, Pan Wenhua from Sichuan, and Deng Xihou also announced an uprising. On the 10th, the Kunming Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China activated the code name agreed upon by the Party Central Committee and Song Yihen, and sent Yang Qingtian to openly establish formal contact with Lu Han as a liaison officer of the Communist Party of China, so as to facilitate the implementation of the instructions of the Party Central Committee and the heads of Liu and Deng, and negotiate Deal with the issue of cooperation between the two parties.It was agreed that all forces would be concentrated on defending the results of the uprising, that the uprising troops would organize and defend Kunming's line of defense, and the underground party would contact and transport Zhu Jiabi's westward troops and Yu Weimin's southward troops to Kunming for support.Regarding the establishment of the "Yunnan Provisional Military and Political Committee" by Lu Han, the underground party will not send representatives to participate. It only recommends that Song Yihen concurrently serve as the director of the Public Security Department, and the Security Department of the Municipal Party Committee send people into the Public Security Department to take charge of the actual work.依靠原来敌工工作的基础，在市委领导下按专门机关和各基层组织相结合的部署，立即在全市开始逮捕敌特，发动群众全面展开镇压反革命活动的工作。共捕获特务及反革命分子1290名，至军管会接管昆明时，全部交军管会审理。 同日，蒋介石任命汤尧为陆军副总司令兼参谋长，曹天戈、彭佐熙分别继任国民党第八军、第二十六军军长，命令两军向昆明进攻。 11日，毛泽东主席、朱德总司令复电卢汉，对起义表示欢迎。指出卢汉率部起义“加速西南解放战争之进展，必为全国人民所欢迎”。指示卢汉接受第二野战军刘、邓首长的领导，准备迎接解放军入滇；执行约法八章和刘邓四项号召，肃反镇反，与云南人民武装建立联系。并指出：“为向云南与全国人民正式宣布此次起义并取得各方谅解，拟以另发一通电，对过去作进一步的检讨，再由我方电复并于互相同意后发表，较为妥当”。同日，中共中央指示二野刘、邓和华南分局叶、方：卢汉通电起义，其通电内容不甚好，现已由毛朱电复，令其接受刘伯承、邓小平指挥，逮捕反革命分子，与云南人民革命武装建立联系，并另拟通电作进一步检讨；此后卢汉问题由刘、邓本此方针直接处理，无须经过叶、方处之周体仁接洽。 中共昆明市委大量翻印大幅《中国人民解放军布告》，在市内和郊区张贴，号召各界人民学习、贯彻和执行。 12日，郑伯克从滇中回到昆明听取昆明市委汇报起义后的局势和全面工作部署。应卢汉要求，组织车队往滇西接运朱家璧率部来昆配合起义部队阻击蒋军。同时通知“边纵”部队向蒋军侧背牵制、夹击。 国民党前驻昆明空军司令张有谷号召驻昆空军起义，昆明市委派郭佩珊协同张有谷依靠我在昆明机场及空军基地的地下组织和起义骨干巩固空军部队，保护飞机及昆明机场，投入保卫昆明的战斗，出击轰炸了沾益，蒙自、西昌等地的蒋军及其控制的机场。 13日，刘、邓致电中央军委，请示对卢汉宣布成立临时军政委员会及其它问题的处置意见。15日，中央军委复电刘、邓，同意他们提出的意见，即以前线指挥部名义，由刘、邓批准成立云南临时军政委员会。令起义军、师长仍就原职，巩固部队，听候整编。 16日，蒋系第八军、二十六军进抵昆明近郊，向市区发起进攻。昆明市委领导全市人民群众积极支援前线起义部队保卫昆明，并组成3000余人的以工人为主体的人民武装“昆明人民义勇自卫总队”，担负市内戒严治安任务。“边纵”部队在昆明外围攻击敌军侧后，牵制敌军的进攻。刘伯承司令员、邓小平政委命令二野五兵团四十九师从贵州疾进云南，驰援昆明。四十九师于21日进抵滇东曲靖地区，在”边纵”部队配合下，进击敌军。敌二十六军、第八军于21日、22日向滇南仓惶溃逃，昆明保卫战结束。 22日，中共中央正式发表经双方电商同意的卢汉起义通电，同时发表朱德、周恩来给卢汉的复电。 12月，昆明保卫战胜利结束后，在昆明市委直接领导下，建立了全市人民团体联合会。组织全市人民群众，贯彻执行《中国人民解放军布告》(约法八章)，建立和保护革命秩序。全市人民热烈展开准备迎军接管的各项工作。同时，接管了国民党《中央日报》社和广播电台，创办《云南人民日报》以及时传达宣传党中央，人民解放军的方针政策和动员群众准备迎军接管。并应卢汉的要求，派财经小组的地下党员韩子旺到临时军政委员会财务处任副处长，协同维持昆明的经济秩序，准备配合解放军进行接管的工作。30日，朱家璧率“边纵”西进部队两个团到昆明与南来的九支队四十一团会师，并会同先行进入滇东的野战军第四十九师副师长与卢汉会见，商定抽调起义部队4个团由朱家壁率领南下元江配合入滇野战军围歼逃敌第八兵团。 January 3日，庄田等“边纵”领导干部到达百色，与野战军第三十八军会师后，到南宁向第四兵团司令员陈赓汇报。为全歼敌第八兵团于滇南地区，断敌南逃通道，按照中央军委和二野刘、邓首长确定的“对西南各敌均取大迂回动作，插至敌后，先完成包围，然后再回打”的方针，四兵团党委在南宁召开会议，陈赓司令员对滇南战役作出部署：归四兵团指挥的四野第三十八军第一一四、第一一五师和“边纵”第一支队组成左路军，直插马关、河口、金平一线，断敌逃越道路；四兵团第十三军为中路，由“边纵”第四、第十支队配合，抢占蒙自机场，断敌空中逃路，歼敌于滇南地区；“边纵”西进部队，独立一团和起义的暂编第十三军一部为右路，配合野战军行动，阻击围歼敌军。 18日，中共中央西南局致电宋任穷转滇省委并报中共中央，就解决当前云南各种问题确定了基本原则，指出处理云南的各种问题，“必须与卢汉商量，经过双方协议，才能决定”，“我们不可能满足卢的要求，但亦必须给卢以恰当的照顾，照云南情况说，可能比西康办法要宽一些”，“云南问题不是一个或两个步骤就能解决问题的，故在处理各项问题时，不可操之过急，而应分清先后缓急，分别主要或次要有步骤有方法地加以解决，对卢系人物的教育和改造，尤须在各方面不惜功夫做到仁至义尽”。西南局的电报中还就起义部队的整编，省级和专县政权的移交及人事安排原则等问题提出了具体的意见。19日，中央复电西南局，完全同意西南局对“云南问题的处理方针”，并指出“我们在云南解决一切问题均应和卢汉商量办理，凡是卢汉不愿急办的事，均不要急于办”。 1月下旬，二野西南服务团云南支队派毛更更生、刘华等4人财经工作小组先行进入昆明指导协助中共昆明市委组建接管财经工作的专门班子，研究准备接管财经部门的有关资料。 1至2月，在二野刘、邓首长和四兵团陈赓司令员统一指挥下，中国人民解放军四野挺进部队和二野四兵团在“边纵”和起义部队配合协同下，进行滇南战役，封锁了敌人外逃的陆路及空中通道，追歼残敌，活捉第八军军长曹天戈和国民党陆军副总司令兼第八兵团司令汤尧。2月19日，把红旗插到了边境重镇打洛，彻底粉碎了蒋介石企图在云南负隅顽抗的阴谋，云南全省获得解放。 February 2月1日，陈赓率二野第四兵团司令部从广西百色到达滇桂黔边区的贵州省安龙县城，与宋任穷率领的西南服务团云南支队会合后，同滇桂黔边区党委领导机关实现了具有历史意义的胜利会师。根据中央决定，撤销滇桂黔边区党委，成立中共云南省委，撤销“边纵”司令部，成立中国人民解放军云南军区。 2月20日，陈赓、宋任穷、周保中等率四兵团司令部及野战军一部和西南股务团云南支队进驻昆明，成立中国人民解放军昆明军事管制委员会，开始接管工作。 The book is over!