Chapter 13 Chapter 12 The Qiongya Column Contributed

On May 5, 1950, the Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Commission issued the "Congratulations to the Liberation of Hainan Island", which stated in the message celebrating the successful liberation of Hainan Island by our army's cross-sea troops; Resistance... With the assistance of our Qiongya Column and the people of Hainan, we heroically landed on Hainan Island and quickly wiped out the remnants of the enemy, completing the liberation of the entire island. The Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Committee would like to extend warm congratulations to the Qiongya soldiers and civilians who have struggled for a long time. … ..."

Our 15th Corps was ordered to command the 40th Army, the 43rd Army, and the Qiongya Column on Hainan Island, as well as one regiment each of artillery, anti-aircraft artillery, and engineering corps, and five armies (the 44th Army, 48th Army and brother army 46th Corps belonged to the Corps) Army, 47th Army, 49th Army) part of the anti-tank artillery battalion, company, and signal unit, successfully completed the combat mission of crossing the sea to liberate Hainan Island.If there is no Hainan Island, the Qiongya Special Committee and Qiongya Column led by Comrade Feng Baiju will persist in the struggle on Hainan Island, relying on Wuzhi Mountain, establish a relatively solid base and extend it to the whole island, mobilize the masses, and persist in guerrilla struggle , to establish guerrilla zones.That will bring great difficulties to our cross-sea corps to carry out cross-sea landing operations.The 15th Corps' campaign guidelines for sea-crossing and landing operations, as well as the deployment and combat operations of sea-crossing operations, will also be another style.Our Crossing the Sea Corps will encounter greater casualties and pay a greater price in the battle against Hainan Island, and the time for victory will not come so soon.

Therefore, the 15th Corps commanded the cross-sea corps to attack Hainan Island. The support, support and assistance of the Qiongya Special Committee, Qiongya Column, and the people of Hainan constituted a very important and indispensable part of the cross-sea attack on Hainan Island. .If I don't dedicate a chapter to write about Qiongya's party, Qiongya column and Hainan people led by Comrade Feng Baiju, then an important part of the history of the Hainan Island campaign that I want to write will be missing.This chapter is indispensable in any case. be honest.At that time, I had less contact with the comrades of the Qiongya Column, and even less contact with the Qiongya Party and the people.I can only recall and write based on the facts I knew at the time and the perspective of my position at that time.In modern language, it is to keep the original flavor of history.

To write about the construction of Qiongya's party, government, army, and base areas, it is inseparable from their main leading comrade, Comrade Feng Baiju.At the combat conference held by the 15th Corps in Guangzhou in February 1950, I listened to the report of Comrade Fu Zhenzhong, chief of staff of the Qiongya Column who smuggled across the Qiongzhou Strait from Hainan Island and came to Guangzhou to report to the head of the 15th Corps. For the first time, I learned about the construction of Qiongya's party, government, army and base areas.Comrade Fu Zhenzhong mentioned their main leader, Comrade Feng Baiju, everywhere in his report.Now let me recall the main situation reported by Comrade Fu Zhenzhong.Because I only heard it once, 50 years later, I can only recall a brief outline.

It was also during the first cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang to carry out the Northern Expedition. In the summer of 1926, the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China sent cadres to Hainan Island to carry out mass work, establish party organizations and mobilize the masses. On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang rebelled against Sun Yat-sen's idea and carried out a massacre of the Communist Party. The Great Revolution failed and the revolution was at its lowest ebb.It was at the low ebb of the revolution that Comrade Feng Baiju (only 24 years old) who was then Secretary of the Qiongshan County Party Committee in Hainan Island stepped forward. The party and league members were the backbone, organized a short gun team, and launched an armed struggle.From then on, talking about the armed struggle under the leadership of our party in Hainan Island began in the summer of 1927, when Comrade Feng Baiju organized and led the short gun team.

By 1929, the special committee of the Qiongya Party was affected by the "Left" error, causing the party organization to be destroyed by the enemy.At such a critical juncture, Comrade Feng Baiju stepped forward again and set up a temporary special committee of the Ning Qiongya Party, which criticized the "city center theory" and insisted on the agrarian revolution, causing the destruction of the Party in Hainan Island and the massacre of the Kuomintang. Under the leadership of Feng Baiju and other comrades, the remaining comrades wiped off the blood on their bodies, buried the comrades' bodies, and led the Qiongya Special Committee and the remaining revolutionary armed forces with more than 100 people to fight guerrillas on the mountain.

From 1929, the Qiongya Special Committee led by Feng Baiju and other comrades lost contact with the Party Central Committee and the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee. They could not get instructions from their superiors, and their connections with party organizations across the island were also cut off.Under extremely difficult and difficult conditions, they relied on their own judgment to fight against the enemy. After four years of fighting against the enemy, there were only more than 20 comrades left.It was not until the spring of 1933 that, under the leadership of Feng Baiju and other comrades, he broke out of the enemy's siege and went to the countryside of Qiongshan County to contact the local party organization.Under the leadership of Feng Baiju and other comrades, they developed the Red Army's armed forces, became one with the people, and inspired the fighting spirit of the people. After their arduous struggle, they gradually restored the party organizations in various places, expanded the Red Army guerrillas, and continued to attack small towns by surprise. Kill the enemy, grab weapons and ammunition from the enemy to arm yourself.By 1936, the Qiongya Workers' and Peasants' Red Army guerrillas were established, and Comrade Feng Baiju was the leader and political commissar of the guerrillas.

In July 1937, after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Party Central Committee sent people to Hainan Island to restore contact with the Party Central Committee. On February 10, 1939, when the Japanese invading army occupied Hainan Island, this people's army directly launched an anti-Japanese guerrilla war against the Japanese invading army on Hainan Island. In May 1940, the Party Central Committee and Comrade Zhou Enlai sent people to Hainan Island with radio stations and passwords.In this way, the Qiongya Special Committee got in touch with the Party Central Committee and could directly accept the leadership and instructions of the Party Central Committee.The Party Central Committee formally appointed Comrade Feng Baiju as Secretary of the Qiongya Special Committee (Note: The full name is: Qiongya Special Committee of the Communist Party of China), as well as the head and political commissar of the Qiongya Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Independent Corps.Under the leadership of Feng Baiju and other comrades, the Independent Corps resisted the anti-communist attack of the Kuomintang on the one hand, and resisted the "cannibalization" and "mopping up" of the Japanese invading army on the other hand.

Under the double attack of the Kuomintang army and the Japanese invading army, Comrade Feng Baiju realized that it was impossible to persist in guerrilla warfare in the mountainous area close to the south of Haikou City.In order to persist in the protracted war and establish a solid rear base, they decided to march to Wuzhi Mountain in the central and southern parts of Hainan Island.Wuzhishan looks like five fingers, extending to the entire southern part of Hainan Island, and the forests on the mountain are dense.In the depths, there are virgin forests that no one has ever entered.Relying on Wuzhi Mountain, they gradually expanded outwards. By August 1945, the War of Resistance Against Japan was victorious. They continued to win victories in the "clearing and suppression" and "encirclement and suppression" struggles against the Japanese imperialist aggressor army and the Kuomintang army, and the people's armed forces continued to gain Development, with Qiongzhong County at the northern foot of Wuzhi Mountain as the center base area, and develop and expand base areas and guerrilla areas to Baisha to the north of Wuzhi Mountain, Baoting to the south, and Ledong area to the west.

In June 1947, according to the instructions of the Party Central Committee, the Qiongya Special Committee of the Communist Party of China was changed to the Qiongya District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Qiongya Guerrilla Independent Corps was reorganized into the Qiongya Column of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.Comrade Feng Baiju is still the secretary of the Qiongya Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, the commander and political commissar of the Qiongya column, and implements the unified leadership of the party, government, and army. Under the correct leadership of Comrade Feng Baiju, Qiongya's party and army, from 1927 to 1950, when they established armed forces, they were isolated from the mainland on Hainan Island and independently mobilized 3 million people of all ethnic groups in Hainan Island to fight with them. And with the full support of the people, he has been fighting alone for 23 years. He has tried and overcome all kinds of unimaginable difficulties and difficulties. A cruel and remarkable struggle and war.From setbacks to victories, from small to large, they have continuously developed and strengthened the Party and the people's army and the people's regime in Hainan Island.

In 1949, as the national liberation war developed to the south of the Yangtze River, and as the whole country was approaching victory, the situation on Hainan Island also changed.The Qiongya District Party Committee and Qiongya Column, under the leadership of Comrade Feng Baiju, seized this favorable opportunity in time and quickly developed to the whole island, especially to the north of Hainan Island. The masses, all counties (except near Haikou City) have developed and established county and district guerrilla units, and rural guerrilla areas, similar to what our army did in the Anti-Japanese War in the enemy's rear, and established a two-faced regime. Enlightened landlords or popular people , And sympathize with our party's squires as township and security chiefs, dealing with the Kuomintang during the day, and our Qiongya party and army at night.Before our army crossed the sea and landed on a large scale, two-thirds of the island had established party-led bases or guerrilla areas, and the population accounted for about three-fifths of the island. Before our army crossed the sea and landed, the Qiongya column had grown to more than 15,000 people. The column had 3 corps directly under its jurisdiction, and each corps governed 3 regiments. Qiongzong also had an independent regiment with a total of 10 regiments. This is more formal. armed forces.The 1st Corps is active in the north and west of Hainan Island in the Baisha and Changjiang areas; the 3rd Corps is active in the Ding'an and Qionghai areas in the northeast of Hainan Island; the 5th Corps is active in the Ledong area in the southwest of Hainan Island; independent group activities It is located in Wenchang and Tanniu areas to the east of Hainan Island.There are thousands of people's guerrillas armed on the island. In December 1949, Comrade Feng Baiju learned that after our army had encircled and wiped out the Bai Chongxi Group of the Kuomintang army in Guangxi, it was about to cross the sea to attack and liberate Hainan Island.They were extremely happy, and Qiongya's party, government and army mobilized and mobilized the masses of the people across the island, preparing to respond and cooperate with the People's Liberation Army Crossing the Sea Corps to fight. On January 10, 1950, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Siye Lin Biao: "Please ask the 15th Corps to establish radio contact with Feng Baiju, and order Feng Baiju to accept Deng, Lai, and Hong (Note: Deng Hua, Lai Chuanzhu, Hong Xuezhi) command……" After the 15th Corps received a telegram from Chairman Mao Zedong from Siye Headquarters, Commander Deng Hua and Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi (also Chief of Staff) came to the war room. After entering the war room, Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said to Yang Di: "Chairman Mao and Chief Siye want us to command the Qiongya Column on Hainan Island and to communicate with Comrade Feng Baiju. Have you read the telegram?" I replied: "I just saw that Comrade Xu Mingde, Chief of the Communication Section, and Comrade Chen Changyuan, Chief of the Confidential Section, have been invited to jointly study how to communicate." Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said: "Well, after Xu Mingde and Chen Changyuan come, let's study this issue together." After a while, Comrades Xu Mingde and Chen Changyuan came to the war room, and Yang Di handed the telegram to them for reading. Commander Deng Hua said to Yang Di: "You have seen the telegram first, what method do you want to use to communicate?" Yang Di replied: "The Qiongya Column returned to the Corps to directly command and communicate with their radio station. This is what our Corps should do. But I haven't studied and exchanged opinions with Comrades Xu Mingde and Comrades Chen Changyuan. You are here. I I’m afraid that speaking out will be inconsistent with what Lao Xu and Lao Chen think.” Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said, "But what? If you have something to say, just say it directly." Comrade Xu Mingde said: "Old Yang, when we study issues between us, we often reach an agreement after discussion. You can express your opinion on behalf of me and Lao Chen." Comrade Chen Changyuan also said: "Old Yang, just say it, we will agree." Deng Hua and Hong Xuezhi laughed. In wartime, the operational department is central.Although Yang Di works in the central department, Yang Di is unwilling to overstep his authority. Regarding the matter of brother departments as the main ones, Yang Di always discusses with them first, and then raises it after reaching a consensus.Comrades Xu Mingde and Chen Changyuan are both veterans of the Red Army. They have been engaged in communications and confidential work for many years, and they can be said to be experts.Yang Di respects them very much.Now that they have expressed their views and asked Yang Di to speak, Yang Di expressed his thoughts. Yang Di said: "This time we have to communicate with the Qiongya Column on Hainan Island, which is very different from our communication with the 40th Army. When the Four Fields Headquarters ordered the 40th Army to be under the command of our Corps, as long as the Corps Communications Section and the machine It is necessary to report to the Communications Department and the Confidentiality Department of the Siye Headquarters to inform the 40th Army to activate that set of signals, and that set of codes will do. To communicate with the Qiongya Column and communicate with the radio station, it is necessary to send someone to send the radio signal and the codebook to the Just go across the sea." Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi asked Yang Di: "How can you tell me how to send it across the sea?" Yang Di replied: "Our corps itself has no way to send people across the sea. Because we are a field corps from the Northeast, we have no secret line of communication with the party and army in Hainan Island, and most of us are from the Northeast. Speak Cantonese (that is, Cantonese), and there are dialects in various places in Guangdong Province, especially Hainan Island and Hainanese. I think I can only ask for help from the South China Branch and the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee. There are 2 routes to go, one is from Hong Kong Underground The party sent people to Hainan Island. Now (note: at that time) there are still passenger ships sailing from Hong Kong to Haikou. As far as I know, this is the main line of communication between the Southern Branch and the Party Committee of Qiongya Special Zone in Hainan Island. One is to ask the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee for help, and the provincial Party Committee will send people across the sea. That is, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee will instruct the Party Committee of the Guangdong-Guangxi Border Region to send cadres from the Guangdong-Guangxi Border Column. The Qiongya Column has connections, speaks the language, and is familiar with all aspects of the situation, so they can use their identity as local fishermen to cross the sea by fishing boat and send them to the Qiongya Column." Comrades Xu Mingde and Chen Changyuan agreed with Yang Di's opinion. Commander Deng Hua said: "Old Hong, I think that for safety reasons, both lines of communication should be used. What do you think?" Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said: "I agree to follow both lines of communication." Commander Deng Hua said: "Then I will trouble you again. Please go to the South China Branch and the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, ask them for help, and ask them to send people across the sea as quickly as possible." Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said: "I will handle this matter. Xu Mingde and Chen Changyuan, prepare two sets of signals and codes. If they are different, seal them well. The traffic line will be sent to Hainan Island first, and that one will be used. Please communicate quickly. If you lose one set, there will be another set, which will not affect the notification." Through the contact between the South China Branch and the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, in mid-January 1950, we heard the first telegram signal and the first telegram sent by the Qiongya Column to the 15th Corps. The Corps immediately sent a telegram, and first forwarded Chairman Mao Zedong's telegram on January 10, 1950: "Please ask the 15th Corps to establish radio contact with Feng Baiju, and order Feng Baiju to be under the command of Deng, Lai, and Hong..." to Comrade Feng Baiju .And asked Comrade Feng Baiju to immediately send a responsible cadre from the column who is familiar with the situation to sneak across the sea to the Guangzhou Corps Headquarters to report the situation face-to-face and study opinions on cross-sea operations. Feng Baiju, the commander and political commissar of the Qiongya Column, and the comrades of the Qiongya Column were very happy after receiving the telegrams from Deng, Lai, and Hong of the 15th Corps.It has been 23 years since they took up arms and fought independently, arduously, and persistently on Hainan Island, and finally ushered in the victory that will capture the whole island.But Comrade Feng Baiju's mind is very calm, and victory is in sight, which does not mean victory.The Kuomintang army was defeated and fled to Hainan Island. The Kuomintang army on the island not only did not weaken, but increased several times. Chiang Kai-shek also sent Xue Yue to form the "Hainan Island Defense Command" to replace Chen Jitang, a local powerful faction, in an attempt to hold on to Hainan Island. , to prevent my army from crossing the sea and landing.The enemy will inevitably launch a large-scale "encirclement and suppression" against the Qiongya Column first. After Xue Yue took office, he decided to "grasp the current favorable situation of the separation between the Foreign Communist Party and the Internal Communist Party" and concentrate his forces to "encircle and suppress" the Qiongya Column. Its policy of "stabilizing the interior, exerting all efforts to annihilate the attacking communists from outside" also proposed that Hainan Island should be built into an impenetrable three-dimensional defense system of land, sea and air force, and named "Boling Line of Defense". Feng Baiju and other comrades believed that Now, the most important thing on the island is to smash the "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army, so that the Qiongya column and the local guerrilla forces in various counties will not suffer too much loss, so that they can effectively respond to the army's landing operations across the sea. Therefore, after careful consideration, Feng Baiju and other comrades decided to immediately send Comrade Fu Zhenzhong, chief of staff of the column, to smuggle across the sea to Guangzhou to report the situation to the head of the 15th Corps and put forward their suggestions. Chief of Staff Fu Zhenzhong led a small number of people from Lingaojiao in the northwest of Hainan Island. Taking advantage of the enemy's defensive deployment and the fact that the enemy has not sealed off the sea, and the fishing boats along the islands can still fish in the offshore, they smuggled to Leizhou in fishing boats. Landed in a small fishing port in the southwest corner of the peninsula.This area is where the 118th Division of our 40th Army is stationed, and they were greeted by our 118th Division and sent to the 40th Army Command Post. Comrade Han Xianchu, deputy commander and commander of the 12th Corps, warmly received Comrade Fu Zhenzhong, and then sent someone to escort the headquarters of the 15th Corps in Guangzhou. Yang Di emphasized a situation later.At that time, the enemy on Hainan Island did not close the sea before February 1950, and still allowed coastal fishermen to go fishing, but they did not allow fishing boats to cross the center line of Qiongzhou Strait.The enemy sealed off all the seas on Hainan Island and prevented fishing boats from going out to fish. After March 5th, that is, after the first batch of smuggling by our army succeeded, the "landing pioneer battalion" of the 118th Division was sailing across the sea. The reconnaissance of the enemy air force found that the fleet was driven into the fishing boats and sailed covertly. It was not discovered by the enemy air force until they left the fishing boat group after they bypassed the Lingao angle and were about to land. They were bombed and strafed. After arriving in Guangzhou, Comrade Fu Zhenzhong participated in the combat meeting held by the 15th Corps on February 1, 1950. At the meeting, he reported in detail the situation of our party and our army on Hainan Island, as well as the situation of the enemy. Coordinating and coordinating with the preparations for the army's landing operations, we mainly did mass work and intelligence work in the northern part of Hainan Island, migrant workers' organization, food preparation, and road conditions leading to the base area after the army landed.His detailed report enabled the head of the 15th Corps, the headquarters, the Political Department, and the main leaders of the 40th Army and 43rd Army who participated in the meeting to have a detailed and accurate understanding of our situation and the enemy's situation on Hainan Island, as well as the island's geographical conditions. Comrade Fu Zhenzhong specifically conveyed two suggestions from Comrade Feng Baiju: The first is to send a group of troops to smuggle across the sea to strengthen the strength of our army on the island to support the enemy's coastal defenses. The cliff column effectively smashed the enemy's "encirclement and suppression"; the second is, if the army is not ready to send troops to smuggle across the sea, please send a group of cadres to smuggle a group of guns and ammunition across the sea in order to Strengthen and enrich the combat effectiveness of the Qiongya Column. The head of the 15th Corps was greatly inspired by Comrade Fu Zhenzhong's ability to smuggle across the sea. On December 14, 1949, Commander Deng Hua of the Corps, Political Commissar Lai Chuanzhu and Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi received a telegram from the heads of the four fields to attack Hainan Island, under the command of the 15th Corps.Heads Deng, Lai, and Hong immediately went to the war room to study, and on December 15, 1949, they put forward the idea of ​​smuggling to the heads of the four fields on December 15, 1949 to attack Hainan Island.At that time, it was considered that Hainan Island has our party, our army and base areas, such a very favorable condition, our army sent small troops to sneak across to the island, and joined the Qiongya column to have a foothold. An assumption that doesn't quite get into the situation.This idea has been thinking in the mind of Commander Deng Hua. Comrade Fu Zhenzhong smuggled across the sea from Hainan Island, proving that smuggling is completely feasible.Comrade Feng Baiju is not only very familiar with the land situation of Hainan Island, but also the sea situation of Qiongzhou Strait.Moreover, he has a solid foundation for the mobilization of the masses in the work of the party and government organizations on the island and along the coast, and he can well cope with our army crossing the sea and landing.If he was not sure, he would not have sent his chief of staff, Comrade Fu Zhenzhong, to smuggle from the sea to Leizhou Peninsula to convey his two proposals to the Corps. This made the determination of the head of the 15th Corps to carry out smuggling with a small force more firm and clear. After the combat meeting of the Corps in February 1950, Deng Hua, Lai Chuanzhu, and Hong Xuezhi proposed to the chiefs of the four fields that a regiment of the 43rd Army should sneak across the sea first, land on Hainan Island and join the Qiongya column, and other troops should also look for opportunities to cross the sea one after another. Soon, it was approved by the chiefs of Shino, the Central Military Commission, and Chairman Mao Zedong. Comrade Feng Baiju's practice and suggestion of sending people to smuggle people is the best and most powerful help and contribution to the Corps' final firm determination to smuggle people in batches. In the preparation stage of the sea crossing operation, the Qiongya Party and Qiongya Column led by Comrade Feng Baiju gave great help and support to the Crossing Sea Corps. When Deng Hua, Lai Chuanzhu, and Hong Xuezhi were studying the preparations for crossing the sea in the war room of the Corps Headquarters, they studied the need to send scouts across the sea to understand the situation, so I asked me to call for Comrade Cui Xingnong, the chief of the scouting section. Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said to Cui Xingnong: "Glasses, have you thought about how we can cross the sea to scout the enemy? Tell us your opinion." (Note: Comrade Cui Xingnong wore a pair of glasses. Cui’s pair of glasses stood out very much. We called him “glasses” and after it got to the ears of Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi, he liked to joke and called Comrade Cui Xingnong “glasses”.) Cui Xingnong replied: "I have thought about it, and I have also discussed and studied it with Lao Yang (note: referring to me). We believe that we must send scouts across the sea to understand the situation on the spot in order to obtain first-hand information. The deployment of defensive forces, the configuration of firearms, the construction of fortifications, and the specific conditions of the beaches and coasts where our army is going to land; and the specific conditions of the daily tide fluctuations on the north coast, northeast coast, and northwest coast of the northern part of Hainan Island, etc. And so on, we need to go to the spot to conduct reconnaissance and understand clearly, so as to compare the situation we have learned from various aspects, whether it is basically consistent.” Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said: "You said you want to cross the sea to investigate the situation, how do you go across the sea?" Yang Di interjected and said: "This requires the support and help of the Qiongya Column. We can only ask them to send people across the sea to take our army's scouts across the sea. They can swim, and when they get on a boat in the sea, they will be confused. Even if they land on Hainan Island, if there is no Qiongya column or local guerrillas to pick them up, it will be difficult to hide. They must have their cover and help. " Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said to Yang Di: "Then what to do specifically, you tell us all your research opinions and let us listen." Yang Di and Lao Cui gave each other answers.Old Cui said, this is about the Operations Section. So Yang Di said: "The reconnaissance across the sea requires the 40th Army and the 43rd Army to send reconnaissance personnel. We suggest that the two armies should communicate with the Qiongya Column directly by radio, and the specific matters should be negotiated between them." After exchanging opinions with Commander Deng Hua, Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said: "Okay, the two armies are required to communicate with the Qiongya Column on the radio, and you will implement it." Commander Deng Hua said: "It is very necessary for the two armies to communicate with the Qiongya column. I think it is not only the preparation stage, they can negotiate with each other directly. Negotiate with the Qiongya column on specific issues such as crossing the sea and landing." Comrades from the Qiongya column brought by Comrade Fu Zhenzhong are in the 40th Army.Therefore, the comrades from Qiong Zong crossed the sea to lead the 40th Army's reconnaissance personnel to smuggle across the sea, and brought the radio contact signal and code. They will inform and negotiate with each other about specific issues, and solve them in a timely manner, which is much more convenient than transferring from the Corps. The Qiongya Column led the reconnaissance cadres of the 118th Division of the 40th Army to smuggle across the sea. When encountering enemy patrol ships for interrogation, Qiongzong's comrades spoke Hainanese, which was easy to fool them.They sneaked into Hainan Island, and under the leadership of Qiong Zong's enemy worker cadres, they cleverly captured Li Peiyuan, a major staff officer of the intelligence department of the enemy's Hainan Island Defense Command. Deployment and fortification construction situation.Afterwards, Qiong Zong sent cadres who had crossed the sea and led the cadres of the 40th Army to take a boat to the planned landing area of ​​the army at night, along the coast east of Lingaojiao, to conduct close-in reconnaissance at sea, which provided the army with a correct determination to fight. credible basis. The direction of the 43rd Army is facing Haikou City, and it is difficult for the Qiongya Column to send people to sneak across the sea from this direction.Because the enemy was constantly patrolling at sea and in the air, they wanted to set sail from the Wenchang coast in the southeast of Haikou City by boat, and they had to go around to the east and north of Haikou City. , It is impossible to reach Leizhou Peninsula in one night.It was not until the first batch of smuggling troops of the 43rd Army took the radio contact signal and code across the sea that the army did not directly communicate with Qiongzong in early March. Therefore, the 43rd Army could not directly get the Qiongya Column to lead personnel from the sea to reconnaissance on the island to understand the situation. It could only rely on Qiongzong's reconnaissance to understand the enemy's various aspects of the planned landing area and the natural, geographical, and topographical conditions of the sea, coast, and beach areas. , The Qiongya Column sent a telegram to the Corps, and then the Corps transferred it to the 43rd Army. The telegram sent by the 43rd Army to Qiongzong was also forwarded by the Corps. The Qiongya Column is facing the waters near Haikou City and its southeast coast along Wenchang, the enemy's defenses, the terrain conditions of the beach, coast and depth, as well as the activities of our party and army on the island in this area.Many valuable telegrams were sent to the 43rd Army regarding the situation of the people and other aspects, which enabled the first and second batch of smuggling troops of the 43rd Army to successfully land in the scheduled landing area.And be able to quickly join forces with the support troops of the Qiongya column. During the preparation stage for our army to cross the sea, the Qiongya Party and Qiongya Column secretly crossed the strait from Hainan Island, and sent over about 100 cadres, sailors and pilots, some of whom were underground party members along the coast, and sent 70 ships. More ships crossed the sea to meet the army.They are familiar with the sea area where our army is scheduled to land.This played an important role in guiding our 40th Army to smuggle people across the sea and land on a large scale. The Qiongya Party and Qiongya Column led by Comrade Feng Baiju, on the one hand, cooperated with our crossing and landing troops, and did everything possible to understand the situation on the island and send the urgently needed personnel of our army across the sea.On the other hand, according to the unified deployment of the 15th Corps, they stepped up preparations on the island for the landing of the Crossing Sea Corps. Comrade Feng Baiju sent the 1st Corps, the 3rd Corps, the 5th Corps and the Independent Regiment, the main force of the column, to the north, northwest and northeast of Hainan Island, and fully mobilized the masses in the areas where our cross-sea corps was scheduled to land. The enemy's traffic and transportation lines, as well as the enemy's communication and telephone lines, they also sent small teams to sneak into the Kuomintang army's coastal defense area at night, destroying or blowing up the fortifications that the enemy had just repaired.The troops of the Qiongya Column and the local people's guerrilla armed forces were active in the northern half of the island like a shadow, preventing the Kuomintang army from concentrating on the construction of fortifications on the island. The Qiongya Special Committee and the Qiongya Column, in order to meet the cross-sea landing operations, mobilized the local people in the area where the cross-sea corps was scheduled to land, and carried out pre-support preparations, and generally established logistical support: organized stretcher rescue teams, prepared Rescue the wounded; organize a guide team to lead the way, so that after the troops land, they will lead the landing troops to advance to the deep base.Also, because there is no telephone communication between the top and bottom, they organized a secret transportation organization with multiple routes to transmit the situation from the base area to the coastal area, so as to quickly transmit the situation of our army's crossing and landing to the headquarters of the relevant corps at the fastest speed. The relevant corps quickly reported the information they learned to the column headquarters or the local party organization, and organized local troops and the masses to respond and support. Whenever our corps received a telegram from the Qiongya column reporting their preparations to welcome the army to cross the sea, the heads of Deng Hua, Lai Chuanzhu, and Hong Xuezhi all said: We are nervously preparing to cross the sea and land. The people of the whole island are more nervous than us to prepare for the landing of our army.We can only step up our preparations and strive to cross the sea as soon as possible and liberate Hainan Island as soon as possible. When studying the preparations for crossing the sea, the political commissar Lai Chuanzhu pointed out: "Seeing the telegram sent by Comrade Feng Baiju, reporting their preparations for food, it really moved people to tears. They were extremely difficult and only relied on Wuzhishan They are self-reliant, open up wasteland and farm land, and the grain they receive is not self-sufficient, and they have to eat cassava as the staple food. The people on the island are very poor, and they voluntarily save food from their mouths, nearly 50,000 dan, to meet the Food for troops crossing the sea. We must inform the two armies and divisions of the preparations for the party, government, army, and people of Hainan Island to welcome the army crossing the sea, and ask them to inform all commanders and fighters. This is to encourage our army to speed up preparations for crossing the sea and go quickly The most convincing and vivid living education village for the liberation of the people of Hainan Island. The Political Department must handle this matter well.” Commander Deng Hua said: "Comrade Feng Baiju sent a telegram saying: Xue Yue, the commander-in-chief of the defense of the Kuomintang army on the island, has concentrated 8 divisions and is launching a 'cleaning and suppressing' campaign against the Qiongya column, in an attempt to eliminate the 'internal communist party' on the island first, and in order Relieve his confidant's troubles so that he can concentrate his forces to strengthen the coastal defense to deal with the "foreign communist party", that is, to deal with the attack of our sea crossing corps. Comrade Feng Baiju is now in a situation: on the one hand, he must step up preparations to welcome the army to cross the sea; They are in a very difficult situation! We need to speed up the preparation process for the first batch of smuggling. I think the first batch of two military affairs will be implemented in early March. With 1 reinforced battalion, our army can land on the island with 2 It is our duty to strengthen the battalion and support them in their anti-'clearing and suppression' operations so that they will suffer less losses." When Commander Deng Hua's speech paused, Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi interjected: "Of course, Xue Yuexian's attempt to eliminate the 'Internal Communist Party' cannot be completely successful, but it will cause some losses to the Qiongya Column, or let the people see the strength of the Kuomintang army. Arrogance will have a certain impact on the morale of the army and the people on the island, and it will also have a certain impact on our army's crossing the sea and landing operations." When Deng, Lai, and Hong were discussing issues, they all spoke freely and freely, and the relationship between them was very harmonious. Deng Hua said to Lai Chuanzhu and Hong Xuezhi: "Our opinions have been agreed, so I sent a telegram to Comrade Feng Baiju, informing him that our army's first batch of smuggling troops, two military affairs and one reinforced battalion, are scheduled to cross the sea and land in early March. Support them in their anti-'clearing and suppressing' operations. What other opinions do you have?" Both Lai Chuanzhu and Hong Xuezhi agreed. Commander Deng Hua immediately said to me: "You immediately drafted a telegram to Comrade Feng Baiju, saying that we are very satisfied and grateful for all the preparations they have made to welcome our army to cross the sea and land on the battlefield, especially for them to save food and prepare to support the troops crossing the sea. We were very moved. Tell him that the Corps is determined to carry out the first batch of small-scale smuggling and landing operations in early March to support their anti-'cleaning and suppression' operations. For the specific time and the organization and implementation of the crossing and landing, please contact the 40 military radio station directly. The connection between them and the 43rd Army should be transferred by the Corps." Responding to the first and second batches of troops crossing the sea The two armies of our sea crossing corps were able to carry out smuggling in batches, from one reinforced battalion to one reinforced regiment, and successfully crossed the sea and landed from the northwest of Hainan Island and the southeast of Haikou City.If there were no Qiongya Special Committee, Qiongya Column and Hainan people to actively and forcefully respond to our army's landing, it would be difficult to predict and imagine the difficulties encountered by our crossing and landing troops. The brief situation of Qiongya Column after the smuggling and landing of the first batch of 1 reinforced battalion of our 40th Army and 43rd Army: On the evening of March 5, 1950, the reinforced battalion of the 118th Division of the 40th Army set sail from the southwest corner of the Leizhou Peninsula and sailed overnight at sea. At about 13:00, when we sailed to the waters near Baimajing, the scheduled landing point in the west of Danxian County, we were discovered by the enemy, which made our army unable to land at Baimajing, so we sailed south and made a forced landing at Chaotou City (10 kilometers south of Baimajing). . At 14:50 on the 6th, the forced landing was successful. The Qiongya Column sent the 8th Regiment of the 1st Corps to support our landing troops. When they heard the sound of enemy gunfire in the direction of Baimajing, they approached in that direction, but when they approached the vicinity of Baimajing, the sound of gunfire was no longer in Baimajing. The direction of the well sounded, and when they heard the sound of guns and artillery along the coast to the south, they rushed south and joined forces with the landing force in Banmenglao Village, southeast of Chaotou City.They led the landing force, quickly got rid of the enemy, and rushed to the base on the island.Our reinforced battalion of the 118th Division quickly entered the base of the Qiongya Column and received warm welcome and condolences, enabling them to rest, rectify, and recover from fatigue safely. At 13:00 on March 10, 1950, a reinforced battalion of the 128th Division of the 43rd Army set sail from Naozhou Island in the southeast of Zhanjiang City. At 9:00 a.m. on the 11th, it successfully landed at the scheduled landing area from Chishui Port to Tongguling on the east coast of Wenchang County, southeast of Haikou City.When the battalion was advancing to the deep attack, on the afternoon of the same day (11th), it joined forces with the independent regiment that the Qiongya column was landing.Under the leadership and coordination of the Independent Regiment, they jointly repelled the pursuit and interception of about 2 regiments of 1 division of the enemy who attempted to block and annihilate our army, and quickly entered the base area of ​​Qiongdong (that is, eastern Hainan Island).Our reinforced battalion of the 128th Division was able to rest, rectify and recover from fatigue in a safe environment. 琼崖纵队接应我40军、43军第2批各1个加强团偷渡登陆的简要情况： 1950年3月26日19时，我40军118师1个加强团实施偷渡登陆作战，琼崖纵队副司令员马白山同志即随同渡海协助指挥，27日晨5时许，我加强团在偏离预定登陆地段以东约25公里的临高县东北海岸的林诗港、玉包港至以西博铺港20公里的宽大正面，各船分散登陆后独立作战。我琼崖纵队接应部队和40军118师先期登陆的加强营，是按预定计划到达预定登陆地段附近隐蔽。以便及时接应登陆，可是他们一直等到3月27日下午，仍未发现有部队登陆，此时却听到在东面的枪炮声。防守的接应部队，该敌在我预定登陆地段的敌人64军1个师，发觉了我隐蔽的琼崖纵队即向我在岛上的接应部队发起攻击，我琼纵接应部队与40军先渡海的118师加强营，即与敌展开激战，他们虽然没有直接接应到登陆部队，但在预定登陆地点与敌作战，有力地牵制了敌人64军向东增援，减轻了我118师加强团分散登陆后的压力，并使加强团争取到了收拢集中部队的时间。 应该特别提到的是，118师加强团不是在预定海岸地段登陆，又是单船分散登陆，出现这种情况，对渡海登陆部队是很危险的。当地的党组织、游击队和人民群众，事先没有接到我军会从这儿登陆的指示，他们对突然发生的情况，没有消极等待上级的指示，临高县委和各区委的同志们，立即行动起来，带领群众分途到沿海岸各地去寻找分散登陆的分队与失散的人员。 118师政治部主任刘振华同志还是当地一位女区委书记找到的，那位了不起的女区委书记，全力以赴指挥该地带的党员、群众，陆续把分散登陆部队，就近分批集中起来，集中一批就派人迅速带出敌人的包围圈，很有效地组织我军分路向白沙县根据地前进。在地方党的同志们带领下，我登陆部队于3月29日与琼崖纵队和118师先头营的第一批登陆的胜利会师。进入白沙县我根据地休息、整顿队伍。 后来得知，118师加强团偷渡，在航行中由于无法抗拒的自然原因，东漂25公里，在20公里的宽大登陆正面，各船自行登陆。就是率领指挥船队渡海的指挥员也只带3只船登陆。电台又浸湿了，不能发报，收报，与上级失去了联络，与下级各营、连也失去了联络，《第四十集团军军史)中写道：“由于部队不能形成拳头，被迫分散独立作战，登陆战斗十分艰苦。”“各分散登陆的部队、分队以至个人，都在当地党组织和人民群众的积极帮助、引导下，陆续进入了五指山区与主力汇合。”完全是靠琼崖党和当地基层党组织和人民群众的全体出动寻找，才使这个加强团才能迅速以连或排为单位。 一批、一批地集中，带进根据地，他们还寻找到分散找不到部队的单个干部、战士，分别由当地党和人民群众，分成若干路带到白沙县境内根据地。如果没有琼崖党、军队和人民群众的全力帮助，我登陆部队：一是不可能这么迅速地由分散状态下集中起来；分别带到根据地和进行休整；二是很可能被敌人分割，遭受更大的损失。回想起来，冯白驹同志领导的琼崖党，军队和人民，对我军118师1个加强团渡海登陆作战，是作出了很大的贡献的。 第43军127师1个加强团，于3月31日22时40分从雷州半岛博赊港启渡，于4月1日晨3时至5时，绕道海口市大半个田，到达海口市东南的北创港与塔市之间登陆成功。我琼崖纵队的接应部队独立团和我43军第一批登陆的128师加强营，即迅速前往塔市迎接登陆部队，但没有接上。与敌人小有接触，敌人发觉了我军的企图，即派教导师1个团增防塔市。我琼崖纵队亦立即增派第3总队总队长刘荣和同志率1团，迅速从定安向我预定登陆地段急进，与独立团和登陆先锋营会合。 此时天下着大雨，部队冒雨急行军30多公里，当他们听到海边传来了激烈的枪炮声，接应部队极为兴奋，不顾急行军的疲劳，即跑步前进15公里，终于在塔市以南龙窝村与登陆部队胜利会师，琼崖纵队独立团立即晨开阻击敌人援兵，掩护我后续部队登陆。琼纵第3总队1团作为预备队，准备阻击增援之敌，我128师先锋营在徐芳春团长率领下，继续跑步奔向海岸，接应加强团登陆。 琼崖纵队独立团和第3总队、128师先锋营，及时接应了127师加强团的登陆，在登陆过程中，即胜利会师。琼纵接应部队即迅速带领登陆的127师加强团，向纵深我根据地前进。在前进中击溃堵截之敌，迅速进入我琼纵的琼东根据地。稍事休息，127师加强团在琼纵第3总队的带领下，向五指山以北根据地前进，准备随时向海岛北部海岸，接应我军大举登陆作战。 由于琼崖纵队的接应和支援，我40军、第43军第二批各一个加强团登陆成功后，使薛岳集中8个师的兵力对岛上琼崖纵队的'清剿”、“围剿'，妄图先肃清“内共”的美梦破灭了。薛岳即停止了向琼崖纵队的“清剿”、“围剿”，将这8个师的一部分，增调到海南岛北部去加强海岸防御，大部分作为他的战役机动部队。 在我40军、43军务分2批偷渡成功后，邓华司令员即考虑于4月中旬，实施第3批大规模的强行渡海登陆作战。 我在第15兵团前指，了解邓华司令员的意图，即说：“司令，我40军、43军两批偷渡登陆成功，冯白驹同志领导的琼崖的党，军队和人民起了很大的作用。下一步，第3批渡海登陆，我军的规模会更大，登陆时和登陆后，更需要他们的全力支援与配合。是不是以您的名义，给冯白驹同志发份电报，一是表扬与感谢他们对我前2批偷渡登陆部队的接应与支援；二是因为符振中同志在广州说过，琼纵全部集中，需要10天至半个月的时间，现在将下一步的意图与行动先给他们下达预令，正好是琼纵全部集中所需要的时间。” 邓华司令说：“应该给冯白驹同志发份电报，可以表扬他们，但不要说感谢的话。因为琼崖纵队现在是归兵团指挥，说感谢就见外了。可以将我的意图告诉他们，他们可以根据我的意图，采取行动，但要他们严格保密．不要扩散了。” 我以邓华司令员的名义起草给冯白驹同志的电报，内容大意是：我40军、43军两批偷渡成功，是由于琼崖纵队与当地党和人民群众的有力接应与支援，才能取得登陆的胜利。兵团前指正在组织实施第3批渡海作战，我决心从琼州海峡正面实施大举渡海登陆作战，请琼崖纵队开始准备集中全部兵力，接应大举登陆部队。同时请琼崖党与政府，发动人民群众，作好充分准备，迎接我军渡海登陆，解放海南岛。大举登陆地段拟选择在临高县东北和澄迈县西北海岸，时间预定在4月中旬海峡海水大潮前。 冯白驹同志收到邓华司令员的电报后，很快就给兵团前指邓华司令员回了电报。大意是：琼崖纵队接应大军渡海登陆是我们盼望已久的事。我们极为兴奋与高兴。对全岛党政军民是极大的鼓舞．大军两批渡海登陆后，对我岛上军民是极为强有力的支援，使我们渡过了最困难的时期，现在敌人对岛上的“清剿”已经停止，转向加强海防。 我们遵照你的电令，已下令琼纵第1总队，从昌江、白沙地区，秘密地向海岛北部临高地区开进，第3总队从定安地区秘密进至澄迈西北地区，第5总队除留1个团在海岛西南崖县一带坚持斗争牵制敌人外，主力从乐东向昌江东北、儋县以西活动，佯攻，以迷惑敌人，独立团除留一部在文昌、谭牛地区牵制敌人外，主力向澄迈以南地区活动。随时准备接应大军渡海登陆作战。同时令全岛党、政人员深入到岛北部地区，充分发动人民群众，做好接应与支援大军作战的各项后勤保障工作。 邓华司令看了电报后，很满意冯白驹同志对作战、支前等各项工作想得很周到，布置得很得当。 邓司令深情地说，“冯白驹同志真不愧为一位独当一面，独立坚持海南岛斗争，具有远见卓识的领导者与组织者，军、政兼备的指挥员。真值得我们钦佩和学习。” 杨迪说：“看了冯白驹同志的电报后，感觉到我军大举登陆开始后，在他们的有力接应与支援下，一定能很快地占领登陆的滩头阵地，并能很快地建立稳固的登陆场，一方面使我军能站稳脚跟，继续发展进攻，一方面使我军后续梯队的渡海有了可靠的登陆场。” 杨迪接着建议说：“司令，为了便于岛上接应部队的统一指挥和统一行动，我建议：我军大举登陆阶段，将琼崖纵队所属第1总队暂时由我已在岛上的40军118师参谋长、主任指挥。第3总队和独立团暂时由我已在岛上的43军127师师长、政委指挥，我岛上的118师与127师与2个军指挥所都有电台联系，这样在2个军的指挥所各自指挥下；能够更好地接应与支援2个军的登陆部队作战．如果您同意，我即给冯白驹同志和40军、43军指挥所发份电报指令。” 邓华司令说：'好，大军行动必须统一指挥，才能协调一致行动，你给他们发份电令。 " 1950年4月16日黄昏，我40军6个团、43军2个团实施第三批大举渡海登陆。17日拂晓前，我渡海兵团突破敌人海上阻拦，到达海南岛北岸临高县东北马袅港两军分界线以东的近海。由于40军指挥所与在岛上的118师，43军指挥所与岛上的127师，都有电台联系，因此，在岛上2个军的部队和琼纵部队1、3总队在2个军指挥所的指挥下，及时赶到2个军登陆地段，很及时很有效地接应了大部队的登陆，2个军的部队登陆后，即迅速分别与琼纵第1，第3总队和先期渡海部队胜利会师。在岛上部队的接应与带领下，登陆部队迅猛地向守备之敌发起猛烈地攻击。迅速摧垮敌琼(海南岛)北守备区的防御，并迅速向纵深发展进攻，夺占登陆场，并站稳了脚跟。 在大举渡海登陆成功后，我军先期渡海的部队与大举登陆的部队胜利会师，即归建，由40军，43军指挥所指挥。琼崖纵队第1总队即配属40军指挥，第3总队即配属43军指挥。渡海兵团与琼崖纵队已结成一个整体力量。 在美亭、黄竹决战中，琼崖纵队密切协同作战，他们虽然装备较差，但指战员很勇敢，很善于作战，他们对道路、地形很熟悉。在这方面有力地帮助了登陆部队选择道路攻击前进。43军在黄竹、美亭由遭遇战转入围歼战，琼纵的同志熟悉地形，帮助43军选择有利地形和道路，使43军在与敌遭遇时，即能迅速将黄竹、美亭之敌包围。当敌军5个半师都上来，将我43军3个半团和琼纵第3总队包围时，由于第3总队的同志们地形熟悉，很好地帮助了43军选择有利阵地，抗击敌人内外的进攻。他们同样与43军部队浴血奋战。 40军分2路向美亭、黄竹急进中，琼纵的同志们，带路选择近道、小路，使40军少走很多弯路、远路，直奔美亭、黄竹，迅速迂回到敌人侧后，将包围我43军的敌军反包围。敌我大决战的态势展开了。敌军没有料想到我增援部队会来得这冬快，而且还迂回到敌人的侧后去了，使敌人十分恐慌，停止了向43军的进攻，迅速向海口逃跑。琼崖纵队在美亭、黄竹决战的胜利中，发挥了很大的作用。 我大军向溃逃的敌人分三路展开猛追猛打的作战中，沿途的各县、区游击队，广大人民群众，都积极帮助我军追击部队带路，并将他们准备的木薯、香蕉、饮水送给追击部队吃和喝，当追击部队休息做饭时，沿途群众即帮助烧饭，让战士们休息，等等。 在进行解放海南岛战役全过程中，从我军渡海准备阶段时起，一直到解放海南全岛，冯白驹同志领导的琼崖党、政、军民全力以赴给予了渡海兵团以最大的支援和帮助。我们还要重复几句。由于有了海南岛上的党，政、军、民的支援与帮助才有可能使我渡海兵团大举渡海登陆成功后，仅以16个昼夜的时间，即解放海南全岛。 从我军第一批偷渡算起也只有58天时间，还不到2个月，就迅速解放了海南岛。渡海兵团的全体指战员，从邓华司令员、赖传珠政委，洪学智副司令员、各级军、政指挥员，直至每一名干部、战士，都对冯白驹同志领导的海南岛的党、政、军和300万各族人民，表示由衷的敬佩和感激之情。 杨迪想还是将邓华司令员在1980年3月，为纪念海南岛解放30周年，而写的《雄师飞渡天险踏破“伯陵防线”——回忆海南岛战役》一文中，对冯白驹同志及其领导的琼崖党、政、军、民的评价摘录如下，这是最全面的评价，也是邓华同志最后的一篇遗著。 邓华司令员在文中写道： “海南岛战役的胜利，是与琼崖纵队的长期斗争和配合接应分不开的。正如中共中央华南分局、中国人民解放军广东军区、广东省人民政府在一九五○年四月发布的告海南岛同胞书中所指出的：'自大革命至今，海南岛的人民及其人民武装在中国共产党领导下，经过土地革命战争，抗日战争，人民解放战争，不间断地为人民解放事业面奋斗，在敌人层层封锁与远离主力的情况下，虽经国民竞与日本帝国主义的反复摧残，从未松懈过斗争意志。尤其近三年半来，为配合全国解放战争，更加前仆后继，奋不顾身，粉碎了敌人无数次的'清剿'、'扫薯'，建立了大块解放区与数万武装队伍，创造了今年呼应大军渡海作战，最后肃清蒋帮残余的有利条件。这些功绩，是永远为全国人民所敬仰的。'没有琼崖纵队的配合接应，海南岛解放不可能这样顺利。琼崖纵队的领导者冯白驹同志，尤其值得我们怀念和学习。他不愧是久经考验，忠于党、忠于人民，艰苦奋斗，英勇顽强，深受海南人民爱戴的领导人和胆略兼备的军事指挥员。他率领琼崖纵队坚持二十多年的斗争，最后以强有力的配合接应，协同渡海大军圆满地完成了解放海南岛的战役任务。” The book is over!