Chapter 6 Chapter 06 Afraid of getting burned, Tibet expels the Kuomintang

The rain is coming. On July 8, 1949, the Kaxag government notified the Kuomintang government and its office in Tibet through the Kalimpong Radio Station in India: "As a necessary measure to prevent redification, we have decided to ask them and their families to prepare to leave Tibet and return immediately." On the same day, the three Kalons and Khenpo Kitqiao of the Kaxag government met with Chen Xizhang, director of the National Government's Office in Tibet, in the Potala Palace.Chief Kalon Rampa said that the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was fierce, and the Communist Party would chase the Kuomintang wherever it was. The staff of the Tibet Office will leave Tibet for India within two weeks and return to the mainland.Kashag will send a generation of Ben with troops and guides to escort him to the border.

After hearing these words, Chen Xizhang said: "If this is the case, I will immediately send a telegram to the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee for instructions, and I will reply to you after I call back!" Ramba shook his head. "As for the Kuomintang government, Kashag has already called directly to notify you. You don't need to call again. Besides, all radio stations and emails have been blocked now, so you can't communicate." In the evening, Chen Xizhang returned to his private residence.He saw that a large number of Tibetan local soldiers armed with British rifles surrounded the Nationalist Government's office in Tibet, the radio station was seized, and the school was closed; One detention.From Lhasa to all parts of Tibet, and even the heavily fortified city of Qamdo in eastern Tibet, there is a wave of expulsion of Han people.More than 200 family members of Kuomintang officials stationed in Tibet and other Han personnel were closely monitored. They were deported from Tibet in three batches on July 11, 17, and 20, sent to India, and then returned to the mainland by sea.

This is the "expulsion of Han incident" that shocked China and foreign countries. When the news spread to the mainland, the crumbling Kuomintang government was shocked. "Central Daily" published the news on August 19 and made the following report: "On July 8, an incident occurred in Lhasa. The communication between Lhasa and the outside world was interrupted. All the staff of the Chinese Government Office in Tibet were given two weeks to evacuate. All Chinese businessmen were expelled, and even the Chinese lamas in the monasteries were not spared. This news is very shocking. How can there be so many Communist forces in Lhasa? Why are all the government, school personnel and even monks stationed in Tibet expelled? It's an enigma."

In fact, this mystery is very easy to solve. The black hands of the British and American colonialists have stretched across the majestic Himalayas.Like bandits, they want to take Tibet away from the arms of the motherland.How can the sleeping lion who wakes up allow this conspiracy to succeed! Tibet, this brown-yellow land, is located in the southwest of the motherland and belongs to the East Asian terrain plate.Its topographic structure is characterized by high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and gradually slopes from west to east.The west and south of Tibet are relatively closed, while the east is relatively open. Therefore, the possibility of Tibetan civilization developing eastward is significantly greater than that of westward and southward development.Around Tibet are the birthplaces of two major civilizations in the world's four major civilization circles: Central Plains culture and Indian culture.The cultural compatibility between Tibetan civilization and the Central Plains civilization circle is far greater than the cultural compatibility between it and the South Asian and Central Asian civilization circles.The history of Tibetan civilization has an obvious "east orientation".

The sun rises in the east. The river flows eastward. Who can make the earth tilt westward? After the "Expulsion of Han Incident" occurred, Xinhua News Agency published an editorial, sternly pointing out: "The expulsion of Han people and Kuomintang personnel stationed in Tibet by local authorities in Tibet was planned by the British and American imperialists and their followers, the Nehru government of India. ’.” The PLA will not allow an inch of its land to be left outside the jurisdiction of the Chinese people. Only four days later, the "People's Daily" published an editorial entitled "The Chinese People Must Liberate Tibet", hoping that the Tibetan people will unite, expose the imperialist conspiracy, get rid of the shackles of imperialism, and prepare for the liberation of Tibet by the People's Liberation Army.

However, Lhasa did not seem to hear this solemn voice. Old Lhasa is composed of Potala Palace, Norbulingka and Barkhor Street, among which there are large and small Linkas, that is, gardens, and there are white watchtowers in Linkas.Aristocrats and officials live a westernized life, with mahogany floors on the ground and rocking chairs in the garden; they drink Western-style tea and eat Western-style snacks; they use electric lights, telephones, and cameras. Just before and after the "Expulsion of Han Incident", those foreigners with high noses and blue eyes haunted these mansions like ghosts.The voices from outside kept coming, and the U.S. Press reported: "Tibet is taking advantage of the impending collapse of the Kuomintang, and it is entirely possible to break away from the sovereignty of the Chinese government." The British News Agency issued a special article: "The United Kingdom has never recognized Tibet as a part of China Jurisdiction." Whenever China is in a period of major social change, imperialist forces such as the United Kingdom and the United States will instigate "Tibet independence" conspiracy.It was like this during the Revolution of 1911, and it was like this when the People's Republic of China was founded.But what awaits them is failure.

The original communication station in Lhasa soon became the "Tibet Radio Station", which broadcasts to the outside world day and night in three languages: Tibetan, English, and Chinese.It vigorously advocates that "the Sino-Tibetan relationship is only a religious relationship, and Tibet has never belonged to China in history" and that "the Red Han people are against the will of God and are incompatible with Tibet's politics and religion."Incite Tibetan monks and laymen to "resolutely carry out armed resistance" against the People's Liberation Army!

When the expelled Kuomintang officials had not yet left Tibet, an American couldn't wait to enter Tibet.He is Raul Thomas, publicly known as the "radio commentator" of CBS, whose mission is to explore "Washington's possible help to Tibet".After a period of activities, Thomas left Tibet and returned to the United States in October. On November 1, Thomas met with President Truman in Washington.Truman told him that I had contacted the Dalai Lama and we hoped that he would "organize the world's spiritual forces against inhuman forces."Six months later, Thomas wrote a letter from New York and sent it to the Dalai Lama.He said in the letter: "I told the President that I met with you at your diplomatic bureau last summer to discuss the threat to Tibetan independence and your urgent need for assistance. I asked the President if he could provide your army with modern weapons and enough military training advisers, the president refuses to make affirmative and positive commitments, he just sympathizes with your country’s problems.” Just after this meeting, American newspapers published articles advocating that “the United States is ready to recognize Tibet as a independent and free country” and support Tibet’s membership in the United Nations.

The book "Beyond This World" is the main "achievement" of Thomas' activities in Tibet.In this book, Thomas advised the Kashag government to organize a skilled guerrilla team to prevent the People's Liberation Army from entering Tibet. There is also a British spy named Fox, who has been active in Tibet for a long time, and at this time he also wrote to the commander of the Tibetan local army to offer advice.He said that the Tibetan local army wanted to spy on the People's Liberation Army, plant landmines in mountain passes and dangerous areas, and destroy the roads and bridges that the People's Liberation Army must pass through; in this way, the Communist Party would not come quickly.

With the support of Westerners, the insurmountable natural barrier of the Jinsha River, and the amulet issued by the Buddha, Tibet wants to keep the People's Liberation Army out of the gate. The Kaxag government's perverse actions have been unanimously condemned and denounced by the entire Chinese people, including Tibetan compatriots. The first to express great indignation against the conspiracy of Tibetan independence were patriots from all walks of life of the Tibetan nationality and people in areas inhabited by Tibetans such as Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Tianbao published an article in the "People's Daily" on September 26, opposing this act of splitting the motherland.

On the same day that the Republic was born, Panchen Erdeni Chokyi Gyaltsen, one of the leaders of Tibetan Buddhism, called Chairman Mao Zedong and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De from Qinghai: Chairman Mao of the Central People's Government of Beijing, Commander-in-Chief Zhu Junjian of the Chinese People's Liberation Army: With great wisdom and great courage, Jun Zuo accomplished the cause of saving the country and the people. Wherever the righteous teachers came, the whole country rejoiced.For more than 20 years, for the integrity of the basic territorial sovereignty, the call has been made without slack.The younger brother used his guilt for not getting any results.Immediately detain Qinghai and return to Tibet on standby.Fortunately, under the leadership of Jun Zuo, the Northwest has been liberated and the Central People's Government has been established. All blood and blood are encouraged together.In the future, the happiness of the people and the revival of the country can be expected.The liberation of Tibet is just around the corner.On behalf of the entire Tibetan people, the Panchen Lama would like to pay unparalleled respect to Jun Zuo and express his love and support. On November 23, Mao Zedong and Zhu De jointly replied to the Panchen Lama: "I am very pleased to receive the call on October 1. The Tibetan people are patriotic and opposed to foreign aggression. They are not satisfied with the reactionary policies of the Kuomintang government and are willing to become a unified We are a member of the big family of New China, where all ethnic groups are equal and cooperative. The Central People’s Government and the Chinese People’s Liberation Army will surely satisfy the Tibetan people’s desire. Mr. Hope and all patriotic people in Tibet will work together for the liberation of Tibet and the Han-Tibetan people. struggle in unity.” Seeing this telegram, the Panchen Lama was delighted that he had chosen a path leading to light. Before and after the birth of the People's Republic, the Tibetan people all over the country condemned the old Tibetan local government's conspiracy to split the motherland, and demanded that the Central People's Government send out righteous troops to liberate Tibet as soon as possible. Tu Yixi Chuchen, a patriot who fled from Tibet to the mainland in the early years, met with the representative of the Central Committee Tashi Wangxu in Xining. embrace".Soon, Yixi Chuchen put on the military uniform and undertook the task of Qinghai Radio Station broadcasting the "Common Program" in Tibetan, and assisting the troops entering Tibet to survey and draw the contact map for the march. In Xikang, Living Buddha Geda, Datou Xia Ke Daodeng, and big businessman Bang Daduoji heard the news of the founding of the Republic, and sent three representatives to Beijing to present khatas, expressing their admiration for Chairman Mao and Commander Zhu, and hoping for the speedy liberation Kangzang area.In Beijing, representatives of Bai Zhi, Wang Jia and Ze Lang were received by Zhu De.They handed the personal letter and photo of Geda Living Buddha to Commander-in-Chief Zhu, and presented a khata. Zhu De said that we are marching into Sichuan and Xikang. These areas will be liberated soon, and Tibet will also be liberated.Zhu De also gave each of them a purple satin Tibetan robe, a pair of riding boots, and traveling expenses.On the way back, Deng Xiaoping, Liu Bocheng and He Long received them and presented them with three rifles. When the spring of 1950 came, the People's Liberation Army was invincible, and all Tibetan-inhabited areas in Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu, Xikang, Yunnan and other provinces were liberated, and new people's governments were established one after another. In stark contrast to this, a small group of reactionary upper class in Tibet have lost their way on the road of splitting, going further and further away. Britain and the United States flirted with each other, and the Kashag government was eager to try. Li Kaxun said to Dazha: "You can't sit and shout about 'Tibet independence', you should send a letter to the United Nations to appeal." It was also translated into English; Gyalo Dundup and Shakaba were sent to the United Nations Headquarters in New York to appeal with the "Declaration". Rickson also secretly agreed with the mysterious figures Lowell Thomas and Daza from the United States to organize a so-called "goodwill mission" composed of six officials to go to the United States, Britain, India, and Nepal to ask for assistance.Each representative carried a letter bearing the seals of the Dalai Lama and Regent Daza.In the request letter to the United Kingdom, it is clearly stated that it hopes that the United Kingdom will help it obtain the status of a member of the United Nations. Letter to the United States, dated December 22, 1949, expresses the urgency of the separatists' attempts at independence: To Mr. Truman, President of the United States in Washington: Although Tibet has been an independent country for nearly thirty years without much trouble, in recent years the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party have declared Tibet to be part of Chinese territory through their radio stations, and have made many other statements about Tibet , which is completely unfounded and puzzling, and the Chinese Communist Party has already occupied border provinces such as Xinjiang, Xining, and Xikang. Therefore, it is impossible for us to be indifferent and insensitive in this critical time.Therefore, we plan to immediately appoint Lama Khenchung Tuden Sangye and Fourth Rank Officer Tencha Dorje Gyaltsen to lead a special mission to visit your country, aiming to seek assistance from your government. The members of the delegation all carried secret letters, to the effect that the Communist Party had occupied most of the provinces in the interior, and was about to reach the border of Tibet, asking the four countries to guide us on how to fight; because of the war, we hoped to transport a batch of second New weapons during the world wars, such as airplanes; a group of personnel with technical expertise will be sent to us; finally, a batch of US dollars will be borrowed to prepare for the realization of Tibet's independence and its entry into the United Nations. While organizing the "Goodwill Mission", the Kaxag government's "Foreign Affairs Bureau" hastily drafted a radio broadcast on January 12, 1950, to promote "independence": After all the officers and soldiers of the Qing Dynasty were expelled from the territory, the clean and tidy Tibetan land had peace, and it has been in a state of complete independence for 38 years. During this period, Tibet did not lose an inch of land, nor did it lose any rights. The Dalai Lama ruled Political and religious affairs in Tibet, Tibetan people's beliefs and religious activities. Tibet is an important place in Asia. If Tibet maintains complete independence, it will bring great benefits to neighboring countries. This is a well-known fact. In the future, we still intend to maintain complete Independence. However, recently I have heard a lot of baseless words from the Beijing radio station, such as 'Tibet is Chinese territory', 'rescue the Tibetan people from the shackles', 'Tibetan people rise up' and so on. For many years, the Qing government only It is only to show respect to the Dalai Lama, we have evidence that Tibet has never been Chinese territory..." After the manuscript was approved by the Kashag, the British spy Fox broadcast the "Declaration of Independence" to the whole world. After the end of the American Civil War, a famous "Declaration of Independence" was issued, which abolished the notorious serfdom.The various "Declarations of Independence" in Tibet are all aimed at allowing serfdom to exist forever in this land. In January 1950, the United Press of the United States sent a telegram to the world: "Tibet will send a goodwill mission to Britain, the United States, India, Nepal and Beijing to express its independence." Entrusted by Mao Zedong, the spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China issued a statement on January 20, 1950, sternly instructing: Tibet is the territory of the People's Republic of China. The mission is nothing more than a puppet play directed by the US and British imperialists and their accomplices in the invasion of Tibet. The Tibetan people's demand is to become a member of the democratic family of the People's Republic of China.If the Lhasa authorities send representatives to Beijing to negotiate the peaceful liberation of Tibet under this principle, such representatives will certainly be received.However, the Central People's Government cannot tolerate such acts of betraying the motherland by the Lhasa authorities, and any country that hosts such illegal missions will be considered hostile to the People's Republic of China. The Panchen Lama also sent a telegram to Mao Zedong and Zhu De: "Tibet is Chinese territory, which is recognized by the whole world, and the people of Tibet also consider themselves one of the Chinese nation. This move by the Lhasa authorities is actually undermining the integrity of the country's territorial sovereignty and going against the will of the Tibetan people." Well-known Tibetan patriots Yeshe Chuchen, Sherao Gyatso, Sangkye Yuexi, and Tibetan compatriots from all over the world have opposed the conspiracy of "independence" in Tibet. Britain and the United States have an ambiguous attitude, unwilling and afraid to receive "goodwill missions". Indian Foreign Minister Menon said: "The most important thing is not to lead the Tibetans astray. Encouraging and supporting Tibet to send such missions is a mistake because it will only anger the Chinese people and create a false picture of Tibet's existing status. .” The Kashag authorities distributed the "Last Order of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama" to the embassies of various countries in India, trying their best to slander the Communist Party for destroying religions, but no country publicly stood up and recognized Tibet's independence. Hitting the wall on all sides is futile.The Kaxag government was forced to order the missions visiting Britain and the United States to stand by in Gyantse.Soon, the mission returned to Lhasa. A farce, end of life. But behind the scenes, the conspiracy is still going on. The 14 generations of the Tibetan local army were expanded to 17, doubling the number of men, and men aged 16 to 60 were conscripted into the army one after another.In Qianzang, more than a thousand children from rich families who had never been soldiers were recruited to step up military training.The first batch of American weapons was transported to Lhasa via Calcutta, India, and the commander of the Tibetan local army personally took people to the Indian barracks in Gyantse for training.The British donated dozens of boxes of +B pills to the Kashag, which were specially used to treat gonorrhea, but according to insiders, all of them were military supplies.In addition, the British also donated 500 pistols to the officials of Kashag.India has also accelerated its military assistance to Tibet. From December 1949 to January 1950, India promised to provide the Kashag government with all the mortars and supporting shells it needed.On the banks of the roaring Jinsha River, there are 7,000 Tibetan local troops like ants. They stare eastward in horror: Will those "red Han people" fall from the sky like the legendary King Gesar?