Chapter 4 Chapter 04 The peace talks are superfluous, and the Tibetan army loses the chain in the martial arts competition

All affairs of Ali were decided by Ali's chief appointed by the Kashag government.The general manager is held by a four-rank vulgar official.In the 14th Raojong Year of the Wood Goat in the Tibetan calendar, that is, in 1835 A.D., a system was formed to give two fifth-grade vulgar officials the positions of "waitaiji" and make them respectively serve as "Karben" in the east and west.Ali was in the border area of ​​Tibet. In order to prevent suspicious foreign personnel from entering Tibet secretly from the west, north, and south, the sect chiefs and headmen had the task of intercepting them.If there is something that cannot be decided, it must be reported to the general manager.For major issues related to border affairs, the Kaxag government must be consulted.In addition, Kabun is responsible for tax collection, law enforcement, and management of gold mines, salt ponds, and markets.

Hearing that the People's Liberation Army had arrived in Ngari, Ngari Gabon sent representatives Caidan Pengjie and Tashi Cairang to Bakong on October 7 and negotiated with the advance company in a tent. A few Tibetan soldiers from Gardak walked up and down nervously, carrying forks and guns on their backs.Caidan Pengjie and Tashi Cairang, who were wearing Qing-style official uniforms, each carried a loaded Browning pistol in their pockets.But Li Disan only wore an armed belt and did not carry a gun.His translator, Tashi Puncuo, and his correspondent, Qiaobake, did not carry any weapons either.

Time passed by every second. After a lot of verbal battles, the two sides finally basically reached an agreement: Ali Kaben agreed that the advance company would be stationed in Zamamangbao, a settlement more than 20 kilometers away from Bakong, and live in peace with each other.The advance company pledged to respect the customs and habits of the Tibetans, not to interfere with the administration of Kabun, and to not want a grain of food from the Tibetans.And Kabon promised to treat the advance company with a brotherly attitude and assist in carrying out mass work. An agreement was reached, but the cunning Caidan Pengjie wanted to feel the reality of the People's Liberation Army, so he proposed to compete with the People's Liberation Army.

The first competition is horse racing.The skillful riding skills of the Tibetan soldiers won the applause of the local herdsmen.The advance company was a cavalry unit, and they performed stunts such as handstands, turns, somersaults, and body wraps while galloping fast, which made people dumbfounded. Then compare marksmanship. Outside the tent is an open field.Someone placed a row of beef and sheep bones as a target a hundred paces away.There are more and more herdsmen watching the excitement around.Tibetan soldiers in tattered Tibetan uniforms came out first.Tongues of flame spewed out from the fork gun, and the bones of cattle and sheep remained motionless.A burst of laughter came from around, and Tashi's face was burning hot, wishing he could find a mouse hole to get into.He secretly scolded the Tibetan soldiers for being idiots, and he also hated these subjects who would straighten their waists and laugh at the Tibetan soldiers when they usually saw him bending over and sticking out their tongues.There is a kind of fear that hurts in his heart: the sky in the past is really going to collapse.His hands trembled unconsciously.Peng Qingyun was the first to stand up from the advance company.He is a well-known sharpshooter in the army.He flew on his horse and ran further away, then turned around suddenly, drew out his short gun, and fired three bullets in a row, the bones of cattle and sheep either fell down or were blown to pieces.

A row of long crane machine guns, burst fire, five rounds and five hits.The Tibetan soldiers stuck out their tongues in fright. Caidan Pengjie sneered, and came up with a bad idea: if you compete with the People's Liberation Army in archery, they will definitely lose.He found a leader with excellent arrow skills, and he insisted on comparing his arrow skills with the People's Liberation Army.Cao Hailin, the commander of the advance company, wanted to refuse this request.Li Disan had an idea and remembered a Mongolian warrior named Bali Xiangzi.Bali Xiangzi is a native of Hejing County, Xinjiang. He is 25 years old. He was born in a family of Orion.

The leader shoots first.He closed his eyes for luck, as if his eyes were about to bulge out, as expected, he was hit by an arrow. Ba Li Xiangzi took the bow in his hand, and asked the target to be moved back more than fifty steps.I saw him "riding on a horse and squatting on the crotch", holding the bow with his left hand, and holding the arrow with his right hand to lead the string, with his arms one by one, with a "click", the arrow shaft was not shot, but the back of the bow was broken in two.How much divine power is needed!Everyone on the prairie knows that archery requires arm strength first, without arm strength one cannot draw a bow.

People were stunned and opened their mouths for a long time but couldn't close them. Li Disan took advantage of the situation and ordered a shelling performance.The cannons boomed, and the rock piles that were supposed to be the targets were blown into pieces.Not to mention the herdsmen, even the Tibetan soldiers don't know how powerful this thing called "cannon" is. This burst of bombardment was enough to blow Caidan Pengjie and Tashi's stubborn minds open. Confronting such an army, they must be ruined.It seems that the Communist Party and the People's Liberation Army are sincerely seeking the interests of the Tibetan people.After discussion, they sent a tribute to Mao Zedong in the name of two people, expressing their acceptance of peaceful liberation and the leadership of the Communist Party.

On October 10, they forwarded the call to Mao Zedong through the advance company, Wang Zhen, and made five requests: 1. The Tibetan people should be ordinary people of the Central People's Government, and senior Tibetan officials and Ngari officials requested peace talks; Officials of the Lama Lama should not impose additional crimes, and guarantee the religious customs and habits of Tibet; third, officials in the Ngari region hope that there will be no war and the people can enjoy peace; fourth, Tibet is small and cannot accommodate many troops, so please do not let large troops enter Tibetan; 5. If there is anything, let us know in advance to avoid confusion and fear among the common people.

This is the first tribute telegram from Tibet expressing support for the central government.Its significance goes far beyond Ali himself. Due to the failure of the advance company's radio station, this tribute message was not sent to Mao Zedong's desk until the end of December.Mao Zedong personally wrote back to Caidan Pengjie and Tashi Cairang: Caidan Pengjie and Tashi Cairang: Your letter has been received.I'm glad to know that you made friends with the People's Liberation Army that came to you.The purpose of the People's Liberation Army marching into Tibet is to help the Tibetan people get rid of the oppression of foreign imperialism and Chiang Kai-shek's reactionaries. Therefore, all the People's Liberation Army marching into Tibet have made friends with the Tibetan people everywhere.The methods of the Central People's Government and the People's Liberation Army to deal with people from all walks of life in Tibet have been explained in detail in the joint announcement of the Southwest Military and Political Committee and the Southwest Military Region Command. Now I have ordered the frontline troops to copy this announcement to you. I hope you will use various methods Spread it out and send it to Lhasa as often as possible.If you have any comments on this announcement, please let me know.Of the five requests you mentioned, the second has already been clearly stated in the notice.Among them, the first and the third article, you two state security should hold peace talks with the local PLA officers, I completely agree.As for high-level Tibetan officials who want to hold peace talks, they can also convey the meaning of the peace talks to me through local PLA officers.Its fourth article, the troops of the People's Liberation Army entering Tibet are provided by the Central People's Government and will never harass the common people.If Tibetan officials were all cooperating with the People's Liberation Army as you are, then fewer troops could come in.Its fifth article, as long as the actions of officers and soldiers of the People's Liberation Army do not interfere with military secrets, you can be notified in advance, and the matter will be discussed and handled by local military officers with you.

I thank you for your letter and greet you and the people of the two Bangbao. Mao Zedong December 30 Mao Zedong's writing style is concise and clear, concise and to the point.He commented on many important national events in a few words in the report; while the letter to Caidan Pengjie and Tashi Cairang was a full four to five hundred words.In this letter, Caidan Pengjie and Tashi Cairang seemed to be sitting in front of Mao Zedong, listening to his eloquence.Mao Zedong was very polite and careful, and answered the five requests made by them one by one.It can be seen how much everything about Tibet occupies in Mao Zedong's heart.

This letter was written on December 30, 1950, at the end of the year.I don’t know if it’s a coincidence, but as we said earlier, the first thing Mao Zedong did in Moscow on the first night of 1950 was also to make arrangements for the liberation of Tibet. Not long after the contest with the Tibetan soldiers, the advance company entered Zamamangbao.Since then, he has survived like a savage in the snowstorm for more than 200 days.The current Zamamangbao is just a desolate wilderness, but here, an invisible memorial hall is preserved forever. The stories of Li Disan and the advance company are treasured in people's hearts one by one, shining a kind of "one is not afraid of hardship, two The glory of revolutionary heroism that is not afraid of death is an important constituent element of the "old Tibetan spirit". They pushed revolutionary heroism to the extreme and climax. All the scenes are exuding a tragic atmosphere.The Kunlun Mountains behind it seemed to have been piled up to the sky by ice and snow, which also cut off all connections between the advance company and the outside world.Time stopped suddenly, and they seemed to be living outside this planet.Accompanied by only heavy snow.Among the various armies entering Tibet, snow is a kind of background, which contains countless metaphors and meanings.On the night when the advance company was stationed in Mamangbao, a heavy snow came suddenly, covering the mountains and mountains.Xue became a white beast that harassed the advance company. Zamamangbao is a residential area, and there were about 20 tents of herdsmen at that time.It is called "Jiang Suo Guo" in Tibetan, which means a place with a lot of grass.The cable is a small burr, which hurts when pulled out.The grass is sharp and hard, mules and horses don't like to eat it.The terrain here is dangerous and easy to defend.It's just that it's extremely inconvenient to drink water, and I have to carry ice cubes five miles away. In order to prevent accidents, Li Disan distributed the advance company in three places: Zamamangbao, Liangshuiquan and Duomeng.The heavy machine gun squads of the company headquarters, the first row, the second row and the fourth row, and the "82" artillery squad were stationed in Mamangbao; Other military supplies.In Duomeng and Liangshuiquan, the soldiers built a "triangular blockhouse" fortification.In Zamamangbao, according to Li Disan's wishes, the troops dug out more than 40 bunkers, dug a snake-shaped traffic trench of more than 200 meters, and built a blockhouse that could accommodate 50 or 60 people. Military preparations are enough to resist the enemy, but how to overcome the sudden tyranny of nature? In the 1950s, soldiers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army carried out a "reprint" of life in primitive society. All the tents of the advance company were broken, and the cold wind pierced in from countless directions like a knife.Li Disan himself designed a kind of "diwozi". I wonder if he got inspiration from primitive caves?The basic method is to dig the ground for a house.Walking down the dirt steps, there is a passage with side-by-side "rooms" on both sides. The big one is covered with tents and can accommodate more than ten people; the small one is covered with burrs and can accommodate two or three people.They also dug some holes in the wall of the ground nest as "closets" for things.Leaving a mound on the ground becomes a "desk" for learning.At this time, the temperature had dropped to more than minus 30 degrees Celsius, and the ground had been frozen to a depth of more than one meter. They roasted the ground with fire and dug while roasting. There were not enough tools, and they even used the horns of wild goats to dig the ground.In the end, all the soldiers lived in this kind of "new house". The living problem is solved. Because the mountain was closed by heavy snow, all the food of the advance company was trapped in the Liangshui Spring 300 kilometers away. At the beginning, each soldier could only eat two steamed buns or four taels of fried noodles a day, and then boiled a little animal meat in clean water.Finally, the food ran out and the prey became less and less.Unsalted animal meat is as difficult to swallow as medicine. One day, Li Disan personally took Bali Xiangzi and others to hunt by a river.According to the hunter's experience, every morning and evening, the beast must go to the river to drink water.After waiting for a long time, the sky gradually darkened, and the sun sank from the western horizon, splashing a fiery red glow in the sky.The sky and the earth are getting closer and closer, as if they are going to be stitched together.The remnant clouds also faded little by little, and the distant mountains became gray.Li Disan's eyes were sour from watching, but there was still no movement by the river. Suddenly, there was a chaotic sound of horseshoes beating the grassland like a war drum, which became more and more clear.A puff of dust rose from the opposite mountain.I saw more than a hundred wild horses, with their hooves soaring into the air, floating like a dream, as fast as sharp arrows.Through the blue-grey sky, you can see the raised mane and the menacing eyes of the wild horse.Apparently, the vigilant wild horses had spotted the hunter.Bali Xiangzi felt that the wild horse rushed forward in the blink of an eye, and the thick dust choked him out of breath.He quickly raised his gun and shot at the wild horses, hitting two horses in a row.The wild horses squeezed into a pot of porridge.The hunters fired one after another, and the herd of wild horses drifted away like the wind. This was a fruitful hunt. They knocked down five wild horses, and the meat alone weighed more than a thousand catties. Bali Xiangzi led the hunting team to hunt more than 110 wild sheep, more than 120 wild horses, and more than 110 wild yaks. And he, without even taking a bite of the delicious noodles, was killed by altitude sickness, a young and strong life. A strange altitude sickness began to spread in the advance company: at first it resembled a cold, then it resembled malaria.At first, I feel hungry, and I don’t feel full after eating all the time; then I feel full, and I don’t feel hungry even if I don’t eat for a few days.Finally, from a certain part of the body, the hands or feet suddenly swell up until the whole body is swollen shiny and hard!When the skin swells and bleeds yellow water, the person will die.All the medicines I have used have no effect.When Ba Li Xiangzi died, his body was more than twice as thick as before, his hair fell off a lot, and his fingernails were obviously collapsed.According to the analysis of experts afterwards, most of the victims of the advance company died with edema, hunger and overeating.This was due to the high-altitude heart disease in the army due to long-term fatigue and severe hypoxia. At that time, no one knew about this disease, let alone treatment.In addition, there was a lack of food, salt and vegetables at that time, resulting in malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, and edema.Without salt and condiments, people don't want to eat, and they eat when they are hungry. Depression is most likely to breed at this time.It has a fueling effect on altitude sickness.Under normal circumstances, people need to constantly accept various stimuli. Once they enter an abnormal state without stimulation, their body functions will drop sharply. At this time, people can understand that living in the world, the most unbearable thing is loneliness and having nothing to do.Compared with loneliness, the hail of bullets is so hearty! In Zamamangbao, Li Disan and the advance company experienced the extreme experience of human life.Here, all the familiar goals of life are stripped away, and all that remains is "the last piece of man himself": the ability to adopt a personal attitude in a given hostile environment.This is actually the spiritual power of human beings beyond their irresistible external destiny: with one thought, to find a lasting meaning for life, poverty, hunger, humiliation, fear and life's desperation can be endured and overcome. In the snow-covered Zamamangbao, Li Disan is like a burning flame that will never go out.The soldiers have all heard that Li Disan has participated in the revolution for more than ten years. He has always been simple and down-to-earth, and he is friendly to everyone he meets.He carries thousands of small bags all year round, always soaking in the grassroots.Wherever he went, the soldiers there were extremely excited.No matter how difficult it is, he can solve it with a smile.He tightened the bandages on his swollen legs, walked into the dens one after another, divided the "Chinese Revolution Reader" brought by the professor, and organized everyone to learn Tibetan by themselves and perform performances by themselves.Li Disan often used a small bamboo flute he carried to play songs he composed for everyone.When the clothes were torn, he taught the soldiers to use wild ox horns as needles, twisted camel hair into threads, and sewed them stitch by stitch.They had no cigarettes to smoke, so they found wild grass leaves, burr flowers, or dried cow and sheep dung, and smoked them in pipes carved from sheep's horns. I wonder how many days people living today can survive in that desperate situation? Li Disan and the soldiers persisted for more than seven months. The day was fine.Li Disan suggested that the whole company should be gathered together to play a game called "The Blind Man Catches the Kidnapper". After the "blind man" was blindfolded with a handkerchief and turned dizzy, he followed the shouts and high-fives to catch the "kidnapper": the "kidnapper" who was caught would be the next "blind man". The funny expression of the "blind man" drew bursts of laughter.It's been a long time since everyone laughed so happily.Li Disan felt a sense of relief all over his body. He stood up and volunteered to be a "blind man".As soon as he took a step, he fell headfirst to the ground. Everyone rushed forward, only to see that the leggings had been deeply strangled into Li Di's flesh.He has begun to swell all over. In the distance, the number of newly raised tombs is increasing. Everyone rushed to carry Li Disan back to the nest, and passed a resolution: Li Disan was prohibited from going outside and forced to rest.Someone sent a cloth bag, which was warm, filled with sizzling salt, mixed with rubbed cow and sheep dung.Applying a warm compress to it is said to provide great pain relief. For more than a month, Li Disan could not stand up.He sat in the cold dens, kneaded the wool into thick ropes, and let the messengers tie them between the dens.When he couldn't move, he would lie in the nest, organize his diary and compose songs.When he was in better health, he dragged the woolen rope and crawled to various nests, cut wild goat liver into thin shreds for the severely wounded to make noodles, and mobilized comrades who could walk to collect firewood and dry animals. Meat, mend the military uniform with grain sacks and sacks, and wait for the arrival of large troops. On May 24, 1951, An Zhiming, the deputy head of the Second Regiment of the Independent Cavalry Division of the Xinjiang Military Region, led the follow-up troops to Zamamangbao through the vast snowstorm. Li Disan is now in a dying state. There have been many nights, and it is estimated that he will not last until dawn.When he saw it in the morning, he still opened his expectant eyes.It was as if there was an inseparable delicate thread that prevented him from turning his back on this world, he had to live.Living in a kind of nightmare, in this dream, there is always a large area of ​​darkness. This darkness has weight and texture, impenetrable and suffocating, but whenever the darkness like a huge wave is about to overwhelm him, he will see a bright light, the light of a five-pointed star.An invisible force brought him back to the light from the darkness.He misses home, misses the army, misses terribly, like a helpless child misses his mother. Lying on a piece of buffalo hide, Li Disan heard the gunfire of the follow-up troops.He tried to get up, but all the strength seemed to be taken away from the soles of his feet.I can only lie quietly and listen to my heart beating like a drum.He wanted to laugh, but unstoppable tears came out of his eyes and flowed down.He wept, and burst into tears. His lips were murmuring and wriggling, Li Disan wanted to speak, but he didn't say it, but the muscles on his face moved a few times.When An Zhiming told him that Tibet had been peacefully liberated, the corners of Li Disan's mouth relaxed and a bright smile appeared on his face. When cheers celebrating the reunion sounded outside Diwozi, Li Disan closed his eyes peacefully.An Zhiming saw Li Di's will on the last page of his diary.A tea mug was left for a squad leader; a fur coat was given to a soldier; and the old "Golden Star" pen he had used for more than ten years was left for his son in his hometown in Hebei.This is the only legacy he left to his family. And that little bamboo flute nestled quietly in Li Disan's arms, and it wanted to accompany Li Disan on the road. On the north side of the Kunlun Mountains, Wang Zhen called the Northwest Military Region twice to ask for credit for the advance company, saying that the company "has experienced the greatest hardship and the heaviest suffering since the Long March of the People's Liberation Army."The Northwest Military Region still decided on January 30, 1951, the most difficult time for the advance company, to award it the title of "Advance Hero Company into Tibet", and to give each of the 136 officers and soldiers of the company a meritorious service. In order to ensure the realization of the 17-point agreement on the method for the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the Central Military Commission ordered the advance company to continue to reconnaissance the road to Gardaq, the capital of Ngari.Company commander Cao Hailin led 52 people to stay behind at Zamamangbao, and the rest of the personnel, led by instructor Li Zixiang and deputy company commander Peng Qingyun, went south with the main force. On August 3, An Zhiming led troops to Gardak, and Ali was liberated peacefully.Later, the Ali Cavalry Detachment was established, and the advance company was organized as the third company of the force. Zhama Mangbao is not only a strategic point in the multi-pronged march, but 50 years later, we can see that it is also a bright spot in the history of human spirit. The three-way army from Sichuan, Xinjiang, and Qinghai marched into Tibet from different directions. How will Yunnan move? In Yunnan, after receiving the order, Generals Chen Geng and Song Renqiong of the Second Field and Fourth Corps decided that the 42nd Division of the 14th Army would take on the task of marching into Tibet from the South Road.And from the Northwest Detachment of the Yunnan Frontier Defense Force, Tibetan-speaking personnel were drawn to form a 35-member work team, with He Guangdou as the captain, Dong Jiwu as the deputy captain, and Wang Deben as the instructor. Go to the junction of Yunnan and Tibet to scout the terrain, military situation, and roads. Chen and Song formulated a plan for Yunnan to march into Tibet based on the situation detected by the reconnaissance. On March 9, 1950, the 14th Army formed most of the 125th and 126th Regiments of the 42nd Division, and a transport regiment composed of 3,000 mules and horses, into a Tibet column. The first-line plan to enter Tibet was reported to the central government.The central government approved their marching plan. According to the deployment of local troops in southeast Tibet and Qamdo, as well as the need to start the Battle of Qamdo, the Southwest Military Region replied to Chen and Song on April 13, asking them to "enter Tibet from Yunnan along the Yarlung Zangbo River to detour Lhasa. This is to cooperate with other troops. The point of the centripetal attack is that it can also serve as a barrier on the left side of the 18th Army, that is, strategically, it is advisable to march in separate routes. You have ordered the 126th Regiment and the three supply regiments to eliminate all difficulties, and still follow the previous designation. The line to move forward should not be hesitated for a moment." On July 12, an advance force composed of the 1st Battalion of the 126th Regiment, the machine gun company, and some members of the regiment set off from Lijiang, Yunnan, and entered Deqin. March to Zayu area in August. After the launch of the Battle of Qamdo, the 126th Regiment marched from the South Road. Its main task was to occupy the front lines of Zana, Mengong and Bitu. The third battalion of the regiment cooperated with the 125th Regiment to liberate Yanjing and prevent the Tibetan local army from fleeing south.On the way to Bitu, the troops encountered local armed resistance led by Naen at the Clark Pass.He Guangdou, the leader of the ethnic work team, came to persuade him personally, but Na En refused to put down his weapon. Three members of the work team, including He Junzhi, personally led the troops, climbed over the cliffs, cut off the enemy's rear, and completely wiped out this group of enemies. In the battle to attack Bitu, four comrades including Zhao Jichang from the work team led the way, bypassing the back mountain of Bitu Lama Temple, and using the tactics of two-sided attack, they wiped out more than 300 enemies and liberated Bitu. From October 7 to 12, 1950, troops from Yunnan captured Mengong, Bitu, and Yanjing, thereby blocking the westward retreat of the Tibetan local army along the southern line and supporting operations in the direction of Qamdo.