Chapter 21 Chapter 20 The Volunteers' Struggle to Uphold the Armistice Agreement

The Chinese People's Volunteers, together with the North Korean military and civilians, after three years of arduous struggle, with the victory of military strikes and political struggles, forced the "United Nations Army" led by the United States to sign an armistice agreement in Panmunjom on July 27, 1953. . This situation is beneficial to the people of China and the DPRK in the cause of peace construction, and it is also conducive to the struggle of the people of all countries for lasting peace in the world.However, it is not good for the US authorities who are actively expanding their arms and preparing for war and conducting a cold war around the world.Therefore, the Korean armistice is only the first step towards a peaceful solution to the Korean issue.The peaceful settlement of the Korean issue still depends on the earnest observance and implementation of all the provisions of the armistice agreement by both parties.Therefore, whether to abide by and maintain the armistice agreement after the armistice has become the focus of the struggle between the enemy and ourselves.Not reconciled to its failure, the United States took the Korean armistice as an expedient measure to gain respite, tried every means to undermine the implementation of the armistice agreement, obstructed the peaceful settlement of the Korean issue, and tried to maintain the tense situation on the Korean peninsula.Accordingly, the historical mission of the Volunteers after the armistice is to abide by and maintain the implementation of the armistice agreement, consolidate the Korean armistice, strictly prevent the recurrence of aggressive wars, and further seek a peaceful solution to the Korean issue.In the five years after the armistice, the Volunteer Army and the Korean People's Army, together on the Military Armistice Commission and on the military demarcation line, waged unremitting tit-for-tat struggles against the United States' obstruction and destruction of the Armistice Agreement.This played an important role in the implementation of the armistice agreement and the stability of the Korean situation.At the same time, the Volunteers also vigorously helped the Korean people heal the wounds of the war and rebuild their homes, further enhancing the deep friendship with the Korean people.

On July 28, 1953, according to the provisions of the Armistice Agreement, the Prisoners of War Repatriation Commission was established.The North Korean and Chinese committee members are Colonel Li Pingyi, Colonel Wang Jian, and Colonel Cui Xuechong; the other committee members are Colonel Freidstaff, Colonel Pittoff, and Colonel Edwards.The Commission is responsible for the repatriation of prisoners of war under the supervision of the Military Armistice Commission.On the afternoon of the same day, the committee held its first meeting in Panmunjom, and decided to start the handover of the direct repatriation of prisoners of war starting on August 5.The Armistice Agreement and its appendix "Terms of Reference of the Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission" stipulate that within 60 days after the armistice agreement takes effect, both sides shall directly repatriate all prisoners of war under their custody who insist on repatriation, and hand them over to the party to which they belonged before they were captured. No hindrance shall be imposed; the remaining prisoners of war who have not been directly repatriated shall be released from the military control and accommodation of the detaining party, and shall be handed over to the Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission in order to seek a just solution to their repatriation.As of September 19, the DPRK and China had directly repatriated all 12,773 prisoners of war (7,860 from South and South Korea and 4,913 from outside) who had insisted on being repatriated by the "United Nations Army".As of September 24, the United States has repatriated 75,801 captured persons from the DPRK and China (including 70,161 from the Korean People's Army and 5,640 from the Volunteer Army).During the process of repatriating prisoners of war, the United States obstructed in every possible way the return of our prisoners of war, while our side continued to expose the US conspiracy to detain prisoners of war.The U.S. has also detained at least 300 captives from North Korea and China who insisted on repatriation.

The prisoners of war who are not directly repatriated are the most acute part of the struggle on the issue of prisoners of war. The US side deliberately intends to forcibly detain these prisoners of war from the DPRK and China. On September 9, 1953, the Neutral Nations Repatriation Committee was formally established.Lieutenant General Timaya of India will be the chairman, with one member each from Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Sweden.According to the provisions of the armistice agreement, after the armistice, the two sides will hand over the prisoners of war who are not directly repatriated to the Indian troops of the neutral country repatriation committee. , the issues concerning the repatriation of prisoners of war that have not yet been requested shall be dealt with by the political conferences of the two parties within 30 days; if there are still prisoners of war remaining after 30 days, the Neutral Nations Repatriation Committee shall announce the release of their status as prisoners of war and make them civilians, and then deal with them separately according to individual applications .On September 24 of the same year, the DPRK and China sent 359 US prisoners of war who refused to be repatriated to Songgok-ri, Panmunjom, and handed them over to the Neutral Nations Repatriation Committee.The U.S. also sent 22,604 captives from the DPRK and China that were not directly repatriated to Panmunjom East Field and handed them over to the Neutral Nations Repatriation Committee for custody.The number of people handed over by the U.S. side is still far from the actual numbers obtained by the DPRK and China based on various relevant materials. An irresponsible account was made on May 13.The DPRK and China expressed that they could not accept it and demanded an honest account.

The U.S. side also sabotaged the interpretation work of the DPRK and China, forcibly detaining more than 21,900 people captured by the DPRK and China.According to the stipulations of the armistice agreement, the interpretation of the captured persons who were not directly repatriated by the neutral country repatriation committee should have started on September 25, 1953. However, due to the delay in the construction of interpretation equipment by the US side, the interpretation work on the DPRK and China was postponed. It doesn't start until October 15th.After the interpretation work began, the United States ordered the secret agents who had already been mixed among the captured personnel in North Korea and China to sabotage and disrupt, and used violence to prevent prisoners of war from leaving the camp to listen to the explanations. forces to prevent them from exercising their legitimate mandate.Therefore, the explanation work from the DPRK and China could not be carried out normally from the very beginning. In fact, it only lasted for 10 days, less than 8 hours a day, and less than one-seventh of the captured people from the DPRK and China had the opportunity to hear the explanation.Despite this, 629 Chinese and North Korean prisoners (441 from the Volunteer Army and 188 from the People’s Army) risked their lives to request repatriation and returned to our side.The DPRK and China once made a reasonable request to make up for the 90-day explanation time, but the US side unreasonably rejected it.However, the fundamental attempt of the U.S. to obstruct the interpretation of the DPRK and China is to forcibly detain the captured personnel of the DPRK and China.Therefore, on January 20 and 21, 1954, under the escort and coercion of heavily armed U.S. soldiers and POW camp secret agents, more than 21,900 North Korean and Chinese prisoners under the custody of the neutral country repatriation committee were illegally received, and they illegally announced their change. prisoners of war, they were forcibly handed over to the South Korean authorities and the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan.In this regard, the DPRK and China made a strong protest at the Military Armistice Commission.

In addition, the U.S. side is well aware that the 359 U.S. prisoners of war who were handed over to the Neutral Nations Repatriation Committee by the DPRK and China to refuse to repatriate directly were entirely voluntary, so the U.S. side did not explain to these prisoners of war for a long time Work.Only a few days of explanations followed, with little result (only a few people who changed their decision and asked to be repatriated).In this way, in January 1954, the Neutral Nations Repatriation Committee handed over these American prisoners of war to the Red Cross Society of China and North Korea, and the Red Cross Society assisted them to settle down in China and North Korea.In order to cover up its crime of forcibly detaining a large number of North Korean and Chinese prisoners, the United States accused us of detaining prisoners of war and asked the Neutral Nations Repatriation Committee to send a mobile team to some North Korean and Chinese troops for investigation.The DPRK and China refuted and rejected this.

Although the Korean War has stopped, the Korean issue has not been resolved.Paragraph 60 of Article 4 of the Armistice Agreement stipulates: "In order to ensure the peaceful settlement of the Korean issue, the military commanders of both sides hereby propose to the governments of the relevant countries of the two sides that within three months after the signing of the armistice agreement and its entry into force, assign representatives to hold a high-level meeting of the two sides. political meeting to negotiate the withdrawal of all foreign troops from North Korea and the peaceful settlement of the North Korean issue." This is crucial.However, on the twelfth day (August 8) after the signing of the armistice agreement, the United States signed the "U.S.-South Korea Mutual Defense Treaty" with South Korea, giving the US military the "right" to stay in South Korea indefinitely.They also issued a joint statement on the same day, publicly threatening that if the goal of "unifying" North Korea under Syngman Rhee's rule cannot be achieved after 90 days of the political meeting, "we will withdraw from the meeting together."This poses a major obstacle to the peaceful resolution of the North Korean issue.In order to enable the political meeting to be held on a reasonable basis and in a harmonious atmosphere and to ensure the success of the meeting, Chinese Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Foreign Minister Nam Il held meetings on August 24 and 25, 1953. Separately issued statements, unanimously advocated that the political meeting should take the form of a round table meeting, that is, the form of joint consultation between the two parties to the Korean armistice with the participation of other relevant countries, rather than the form of individual negotiations between the Korean armistice parties.However, any resolution of the meeting must be unanimously agreed by both parties to the Korean armistice.In October, the governments of China and North Korea made several statements and suggestions on the issue of holding a political meeting.From October 26, representatives of the governments of the DPRK and China and the U.S. government will hold bilateral talks on the issue of the political meeting in Panmunjom.Since the beginning of the talks, the United States has created obstacles on the issue of members participating in the political meeting, opposing the participation of neutral countries.Later, the United States reluctantly agreed to the participation of neutral countries in the meeting, but set up various obstacles.Representatives of North Korea and China proposed to invite five neutral countries, the Soviet Union, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Burma, to participate, but the United States opposed it.When discussing the location of the political meeting, representatives from the DPRK and China suggested Panmunjom or New Delhi, but the US side proposed more than a dozen locations including San Francisco, Honolulu, Geneva, Mexico, Madrid, and Rome.Especially when discussing the procedure of the political meeting, the representatives of the DPRK and China advocated the adoption of a form of reciprocity between the two sides. All issues should be based on the principle of an agreement reached by the two sides. Each country on both sides is bound by the agreement. The US side not only unreasonably advocates restricting neutral countries He spoke and advocated the use of "unit voting", that is, the countries on both sides of the armistice vote as a unit to vote, but the countries participating in the voting are not bound by the decisions they disagree with.In this regard, the representatives of the DPRK and China refuted it.When discussing the time of the political meeting, the representatives of the DPRK and China suggested that in December 1953, the specific date should be set on December 26 after the two parties reached an agreement on the members and venue of the meeting. It is: the date on which the two parties reach a final agreement on each agenda item plus the time required for pre-meeting preparations.From the situation of the above-mentioned differences, it can be clearly seen that the United States does not want to hold a political meeting at all, so it adopted various delaying and disruptive tactics in the preparatory talks for the political meeting. Finally, at the 23rd meeting held by the two sides on December 12, the United States The representatives unilaterally announced that the talks between the two sides will be adjourned indefinitely. On the 14th, representatives of the DPRK and China issued a joint statement, pointing out that the interruption of the talks by the U.S. revealed that the U.S. "attempted to sabotage the political conference and prevent the North Korean issue from being resolved peacefully, so as to maintain international tension." A higher-level political meeting, as stipulated in the agreement, failed to take place.

In order to continue to strive for a peaceful settlement of the Korean issue, a conference on the peaceful settlement of the Korean issue was held in Geneva from April 26 to June 15, 1954.A total of 19 countries participated in the meeting: China, the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, France, North and South Korea, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Ethiopia, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, Thailand and Turkey.At the Geneva Conference, representatives of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, China, and the Soviet Union put forward reasonable proposals and suggestions many times on issues such as the withdrawal of foreign troops in Korea, the restoration of Korean unity, and the organization of free elections throughout Korea.However, they were unreasonably rejected by the representative of the United States.The United States also gathered the 16 countries that invaded North Korea to declare the breakdown of the meeting.Due to the sabotage of the United States from beginning to end, the world-renowned meeting held 15 meetings in 51 days, but ended without reaching any agreement.The true face of the United States has been further exposed in front of the world.

After the Geneva meeting, the DPRK and China continued to work hard for a peaceful solution to the North Korean issue.It has repeatedly suggested that an international conference with the participation of relevant countries be held to discuss the peaceful reunification of North Korea. On September 23, 1954, Premier Zhou Enlai put forward specific proposals in the government work report made at the first meeting of the first National People's Congress, advocating the convening of a conference attended by Asian neutral countries to quickly resolve the issue of the peaceful reunification of Korea . On October 12, the Chinese and Soviet governments stated in their joint declaration: "The two governments believe that it is necessary to hold a treaty meeting to discuss the Korean issue in the near future, with the participation of all countries concerned." On August 12, 1955, In separate statements issued by the foreign ministries of the Chinese and North Korean governments, they suggested that the relevant countries hold a Far East Conference with the participation of a wide range of Asian countries to seek a peaceful solution to the North Korean issue. On April 9, 1956, the Chinese government proposed to the British government and through it to the governments of countries concerned with the "United Nations Army" to convene an international conference with the participation of relevant countries to discuss the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Korea and the peaceful reunification of Korea.However, the United States, Britain and other countries rejected the above proposal in May 1956.

This series of facts shows that after the Korean armistice, the United States did not want to withdraw its troops from North Korea or resolve the Korean issue peacefully. As a result, North and South Korea were in a long-term situation of division and confrontation, and the issue of peaceful reunification of North Korea remained unresolved for a long time. According to the provisions of the Armistice Agreement. The United Red Cross team was established on August 3, 1953.The "Joint Red Cross Team Work Agreement" was signed on the same day.The United Red Cross is divided into two groups, the South and the North, namely: the South Group is the representative group of the North Korea-China Red Cross Society, and the North Group is the representative group of the American Red Cross Society.After the establishment of the two groups, they set off from Panmunjom, went to the south and north respectively to visit their captured personnel.The DPRK and China provided various conveniences for the American Red Cross delegation visiting the North, enabling them to carry out their work smoothly.However, the United States not only refused to facilitate the visit of the delegation of the North Korea-China Red Cross Society to the south, but instead obstructed it in various ways. At 6:45 on August 9, representatives of the DPRK-China Red Cross were attacked by tear gas from the US on Geoje Island. On the 13th, when representatives of the North Korea-China Red Cross Society expressed condolences to the prisoners of North Korea and China at the Imjin River Bridge, American soldiers shot Pan Fang, a representative of the Red Cross Society of China, in the chest with guns, brutally preventing the condolences to the prisoners of North Korea and China.

Regarding the above-mentioned incident, the DPRK and China raised it at the Military Armistice Commission on August 20, and decided on the 21st to invite the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission to send a team to investigate.According to the investigation results of the joint Red Cross team coordination team, the situation is completely true.Both the Neutral Nations Repatriation Committee and the United Red Cross lodged serious protests to the US. What's more serious is that the United States sabotaged the work of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission and illegally imported a large amount of combat materials.The Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee was established on August 1, 1953. The members of the committee are: 4 generals from Czechoslovakia, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland.The committee's task is: to monitor the implementation of the armistice agreement between the warring parties.It is an independent body parallel to the Military Armistice Commission. It can make its own judgments and make recommendations to the Military Armistice Commission, but it has no right to directly deal with matters related to the implementation of the Armistice Agreement. On August 10, 10 monitoring groups were formed by members of the 4 countries of the Neutral Nations Monitoring Committee.These teams go to specific ports behind the armistice sides, where they are permanently stationed for inspections of rotation and replacement.

In the early days of the armistice, the U.S. management of the southern ports was in disorder, with many loopholes, and violations of the agreement were constantly exposed by us, and we were politically passive.After the US improved its management of the southern port, it obstructed and sabotaged the work of the inspection team, and even insulted and threatened it.Article 13 of the armistice agreement stipulates that the two parties to the armistice shall not enter North Korea with reinforcement combat weapons, and damaged and worn combat weapons can only be replaced on a one-by-one basis.However, in order to evade the supervision of the inspection team in the early stage, the United States adopted the method of dismantling and transporting in a large number of dismantled parts and parts of combat weapons in order to assemble them into combat weapons.From the beginning of the armistice to September 30, 1953, the inspection team found that the United States had imported 106 mortar parts from outside North Korea.At the Military Armistice Commission, the US did not admit that this was an act of violating the agreement, and even justified itself, saying that combat aircraft, armored vehicles, parts and disassembled parts of weapons and ammunition were not subject to the regulations.The DPRK and China expressed their firm opposition to the sabotage and unreasonable sophistry of the U.S. side, and issued a communiqué on October 3 to expose and refute the above-mentioned U.S. sabotage of the agreement.However, the U.S. continued to violate the provisions of the armistice agreement. By the end of February 1954, the dismantled parts and parts of the weapons that the neutral country inspection team found that the U.S. had brought in through specific ports in North Korea could be assembled into 6,400 rocket launchers, 145 mortars, and howitzers. And other types of guns 465, 1365 machine guns.As of April 15 of the same year, as many as 177 combat aircraft had been transported into South Korea by the U.S. privately, as discovered by the neutral country inspection team.The DPRK and China promptly exposed and protested these US actions at the meeting of the Military Armistice Commission. From January 20 to 21, 1954, when the United States escorted 21,900 North Korean and Chinese prisoners away under the pretext of "moving prisoners of war" at the port of Incheon, South Korea, it forcibly prohibited inspection teams from neutral countries from entering the port for inspection.It then blocked the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission from investigating the incident.In this regard, the DPRK and China have repeatedly condemned the US side at the Military Armistice Commission. Before and after the Geneva Conference, the U.S. side’s non-cooperation and restricted activities of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee developed to endanger their personal safety, and even wanted to disband the Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee.In this regard, the DPRK and China fought against the U.S. to limit and counter-restrict, sabotage and counter-sabotage on the issue of maintaining the policy of the Neutral Nation Supervisory Commission. On April 15, 1954, the US chief member of the Military Armistice Commission unreasonably accused the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission of having lost its role. July 30.Won Yong-deok, Commander of the South Korean Army Gendarmerie, issued a statement threatening the neutral country inspection team to "immediately withdraw" from South Korea under the control of the "United Nations Army" or to take "necessary measures." On July 31, Syngman Rhee publicly expressed support for Won Yong-deok's "action against the Neutral Nation Supervisory Commission" in Washington, and said: "Such action should have been taken long ago."In the afternoon of the same day, members of the neutral country inspection team stationed in Busan, South Korea were shot by bullets. On August 1, another three grenades were thrown into the residence of the neutral country inspection team stationed in Gunsan.They tried in vain to force the inspection team to leave South Korea by means of intimidation. On August 3, U.S. Secretary of State Dulles said at a press conference: "The United States agrees to terminate the activities of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission."The Chinese and North Korean governments resolutely opposed the above-mentioned actions and issued strong statements, preventing the US from achieving its goal of driving out the inspection team from neutral countries. In the second half of 1955, the Syngman Rhee Group in South Korea once again organized so-called "demonstrations", threatening the safety of the inspection team. On August 5, the South Korean authorities openly demanded that the inspection teams of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission stationed at various ports in South Korea withdraw from South Korea starting on August 13.In this regard, the Chinese Foreign Ministry and the North Korean Foreign Ministry issued statements and issued serious warnings, making their delusion fail again. Since then, the United States has changed its tactics to restrict the activities of the inspection team.It used the pretext of ensuring the safety of the team members to inspect in the air by helicopter, or moved the materials to the team's residence for inspection, so that the team could not carry out effective inspection activities, and turned into a nominal inspection.On May 31, 1956, the United States openly demanded that the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission cease its mission in South Korea.In response to this act by the United States, the Chinese Foreign Ministry issued a statement on June 1, pointing out that the United States unreasonably announced the suspension of activities of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee in South Korea, which is an act of flagrant violation of the armistice agreement.After the DPRK and China made strong protests and serious warnings, they considered that the inspection team would not be violated in order to prevent the armistice agreement.Due to the practical difficulties of the inspection team working here, it was agreed to temporarily withdraw the inspection team.However, it pointed out in the statement: 1. The powers of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee and its inspection team remain unchanged; 2. This measure is temporary. When one party raises a well-founded accusation, the Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee has the right to send a team to a specific port Exercising supervision. Subsequently, our side waged a resolute struggle against the United States' unilateral abolition of Article 13 of the Armistice Agreement and its illegal import of atomic weapons. On June 21, 1957, at the 75th meeting of the Military Armistice Commission, the United States unilaterally announced that they would not be bound by Article 13(d) of the Armistice Agreement. On June 22, the DPRK and China sent a letter to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee regarding this matter, expressing their firm opposition to this serious violation of the armistice agreement by the United States, pointing out that the unilateral actions of the United States are completely illegal and invalid. On June 25, the Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee discussed this letter. At the meeting, members pointed out the danger of the United States violating the armistice agreement and attempting to import new weapons. The Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee should try to stop the United States from violating the agreement. In July, the United States moved the "United Nations Command" from Japan to South Korea, and transported new weapons such as F-100 jet planes, 280-centimeter atomic cannons, and "Honest John" rockets into South Korea.At the same time, the U.S. reorganized the two U.S. divisions stationed in South Korea into atomic divisions, and actively helped the South Korean Army conduct atomic warfare training. In January 1958, the U.S. Army and the South Korean Army organized an atomic war exercise involving tens of thousands of people near the demilitarized zone. On February 1, the DPRK and China lodged their strongest protests to the US over the US import of atomic cannons and large-scale atomic strike drills in the demilitarized zone.This blatant breach of the armistice agreement by the United States has also been condemned by international public opinion. The armistice agreement stipulates on the military demarcation line and the demilitarized zone: From 12 hours after the signing of this armistice agreement (that is, at 22:00 on July 27, 1053), all hostile actions in North Korea will be completely stopped, and both sides will withdraw from the actual control line for 2 km, and the 4 km wide zone in the middle is the demilitarized zone, and its center line is the military demarcation line.The two sides dispatched equivalent civilian police (no more than 1,000 from each side) to maintain order in the respective demilitarized areas of the military demarcation line from the south ("United Nations Army") to the north (Volunteer Army and People's Army).Personnel who are not authorized by the Military Armistice Commission are not allowed to cross the military demarcation line.In this way, in the demilitarized zone north and south of the military demarcation line, the civilian police of the two sides confronted each other on alert, while the north and south of the demilitarized zone were heavily guarded.In order to continue to create tension in North Korea and the Far East, the United States continues to create troubles on the military demarcation line and the demilitarized zone, and incidents of violation of the agreement often occur.Therefore, after the armistice, the Korean and Chinese people's troops fought sharply and complicatedly with the "United Nations Army" on the military demarcation line. The Korean armistice agreement was signed when the enemy and the enemy were evenly matched, and neither side could win in a short period of time.Although the United States was forced to accept the armistice, it is unwilling to let it go, let alone give up its aggressive plan; and the strength and other conditions of the DPRK and China are not enough to force the "United Nations Army" to accept the peaceful settlement of the Korean issue. claim.In this way, maintaining the stability of the armistice line is a long-term and complicated special battle.The U.S. aggressors disrupted the convening of the political conference, obstructed the peaceful settlement of the Korean issue, and created an unstable state in North Korea; before the armistice, the Syngman Rhee clique strongly opposed the signing of the armistice agreement, clamoring to "do it alone", after the armistice it With the support of the United States, they continued to clamor for "Northern Advancement" and "unification by force", and vigorously expanded their armies to prepare for war, causing repeated attempts to tear up the armistice agreement.On the military demarcation line, incidents of US aircraft and armed personnel crossing the border to harass and sabotage the agreement are not uncommon.Especially in the early days of the armistice, there were more violations of the agreement by the other side, and the situation on the military demarcation line was quite tense.The main means of sabotage by the other party: first, sending armed personnel to cross the border, creating friction, and provoking incidents; second, military aircraft invading the airspace over the North Korean and Chinese military areas for reconnaissance and harassment; third, sending spies to spy on North Korean and Chinese military intelligence and conduct sabotage activities; The first is to fire guns and shells at the demilitarized zone or the positions of the North Korean and Chinese troops, engage in provocative activities, and threaten the safety of the North Korean and Chinese troops; the fifth is to secretly move the military demarcation line markers, destroying the status quo of the actual control line, and so on.In the first month after the armistice alone, the United States sent special agents and military personnel across the military demarcation line seven times to enter the demilitarized zone and even the military-controlled area of ​​the DPRK and China to carry out espionage activities and armed attacks.U.S. military planes violated the above-mentioned areas many times. On December 30, 1953, eight U.S. military planes made such violations twice. On the contrary, after the armistice, the DPRK and Chinese troops strictly abided by and implemented the terms of the armistice agreement, actively demolished and cleared the explosive obstacles in the demilitarized zone, readjusted their deployment, and worked hard to maintain the stability of the military demarcation line.In order to maintain the implementation of the terms of the armistice agreement on the military demarcation line and the demilitarized zone.And according to the characteristics of the sharpness and persistence of the struggle, the frontline troops of the Volunteer Army should establish the idea of ​​persistent struggle and constant readiness to resist US aggression and aid Korea, build and strengthen positions and fortifications, strengthen the maintenance of weapons and equipment, conduct military, political and cultural training, and strengthen modernization. Maintain and improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, maintain a good state of readiness, and be prepared to deal with sudden enemy attacks; the civil police who are on guard duty in the demilitarized zone earnestly perform their duties and actively maintain order in the area.In order to promptly crack down on sabotage activities such as infiltrating enemy agents and attacks by small groups of enemy armed forces, the North Korean and Chinese police took the following measures: First, closely observe and take precautions.Set up observation posts and observation posts, organize a multi-angle, multi-sided and all-round observation network at the front, keep abreast of the opponent's activities, find out their laws, and take preventive measures in time to thwart the opponent's sabotage activities. In the past five years, most of the infiltration of enemy agents and small groups of armed harassment activities did not escape the strict monitoring of our observation network, resulting in repeated failures of the enemy's harassment activities; the second is to patrol carefully and defend the border.In the demilitarized zone on our side of the military demarcation line, we will continue to patrol day and night to strictly prevent the enemy from infiltrating and sabotaging activities. At the end of 1953, the enemy moved the marker of the military demarcation line to our side in Nandachuan in an attempt to plunder this area. Our patrolling police discovered it in time and immediately lodged a solemn protest against the enemy, forcing the enemy to move the marker back to its original position The third is to set up an ambush and wait for the enemy to infiltrate.Based on observation and patrol to grasp the activities and laws of enemy agents, setting up ambushes in areas where enemy agents may infiltrate is the most effective means to capture enemy infiltration. In the past five years, our side has captured more than 700 US spies and armed personnel, severely hitting the other side's sabotage activities.Due to our army's high alertness and adoption of the above-mentioned main fighting measures, the enemy's 792 provocative activities that violated the armistice agreement in or through the demilitarized zone were all defeated by our army, effectively defending the military demarcation line. At the same time, in order to expose the enemy's sabotage activities and make them politically passive, the North Korean and Chinese police also adopted the following countermeasures: first, make preparations to smash the enemy's provocations, but do not take the initiative to cause trouble; Promote the policy of peace and do a good job of winning over the other side.First, through normal exchanges, eliminate the hostility and ideological concerns of the other party's personnel, and gain the trust of the other party; then through frequent conversations, dinners, holidays, holidays, gifts, and other activities, we will publicize our military's peaceful policies and propositions, and expose US aggression. The essence of the war and the truth that provoked the incident prompted a change in his thinking.According to incomplete statistics of a certain army on the front line, in the past five years, we have actively contacted 443 enemy personnel and had 44 parties. After work, 377 people expressed understanding and sympathy for our peace policy, and those who voted for us 10 people, some of them took the initiative to tell us about the deployment and change of defense of their headquarters; the third is to seize the major incidents of the other party's violation of the armistice agreement, conduct joint investigations, and expose the enemy's false peace talks and real war conspiracy with hard facts , and made it public, making it lose international credibility and politically passive. On August 17, 1955 and November 7, 1956, the Chinese and North Korean People's Armies successively shot down two US military aircraft that intruded into the airspace over the military-controlled areas of North Korea and China. On the 10th, the representatives of North Korea and China exposed and protested at the Military Armistice Commission the provocative activities of the U.S. plane’s violation of the military demarcation line, and asked the Neutral Nations Supervisory Committee to send an inspection team to investigate and take the wreckage of the plane and the bodies of the two pilots, A captured driver was handed over to the US side.In the face of witness and material evidence, the US is in an embarrassing situation. On August 30, 1954, the United States sent three armed agents to cross the military demarcation line and invade our demilitarized zone to carry out sabotage activities. Our police immediately captured them all.Regarding this matter, the 4th Joint Observation Team of the Military Armistice Commission conducted a joint investigation on September 1. The US had to express "regret" in the face of hard facts.Subsequently, our representatives filed accusations against the United States at the Military Armistice Commission, and broadcast them to people all over the world through the Central People's Broadcasting Station, making the United States more politically passive.Since the DPRK and China strictly abide by the armistice agreement, they are on high alert, and have resolutely fought against the enemy's violation of the agreement, which has dealt a great blow to the enemy politically, making the enemy scruples about breaking the armistice agreement, and incidents of violation of the agreement The decrease year by year made it afraid to rashly start a new war in North Korea, thus maintaining the relative stability of the armistice situation. After the Chinese People’s Volunteers entered North Korea to participate in the war, they fought side by side with the Korean People’s Army, and followed Chairman Mao Zedong’s instructions to “love North Korea’s mountains, waters, plants, and trees”, respect the North Korean government, unite the Korean people, and receive their strong support.Volunteers rescued and rescued the lives of the Korean people in the flames of war. Internationalist fighters like Luo Shengjiao appeared;The war that lasted for three years left North Korea's urban and rural areas in rubble, and the people suffered a lot.Immediately after the armistice, the Korean people responded to the call of the Workers' Party of Korea to "do everything to strengthen the democratic base and restore and develop the post-war people's economy" and devoted themselves to the cause of restoring and developing the national economy.The commanders and fighters of the Volunteer Army followed the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and responded to Peng Dehuai's call to "help the Korean people overcome difficulties with their own labor, and take it as the most glorious task". While maintaining the armistice agreement, they helped the Korean people heal the war. Trauma, reconstruction of a beautiful homeland, as their unshirkable responsibility. On November 12, 1953, at the invitation of the Chinese government, Prime Minister Kim Il Sung led a North Korean delegation to visit China and had a cordial meeting with Chairman Mao Zedong.In order to fully support the North Korean people in resuming economic development and production, Premier Zhou Enlai and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping of the Chinese government delegation held talks with the North Korean government delegation in Beijing from the 12th to the 24th, and agreed on how to help the Korean people heal the wounds of war, Regarding the restoration of the national economy and other issues, the two countries concluded the "China-DPRK Economic and Cultural Cooperation Agreement" and issued a negotiation communiqué.The Chinese government has decided that during the period from June 25, 1950 to December 31, 1953, all the materials and expenses that the Chinese government provided in aid to North Korea will be donated to the North Korean government free of charge; Within 4 years, another 800 million yuan will be donated to the North Korean government free of charge as the cost of restoring its national economy, etc.The achievements of Prime Minister Kim Il Sung's visit this time have pushed China-North Korea friendship to a new stage. Just after the war ended, the volunteers participated in the restoration and reconstruction of the northern half of Korea with the enthusiasm of building the motherland.Commanders and fighters went to construction sites and vast rural areas in important cities such as Pyongyang, Sunghung, and Sinuiju.Their slogans are: "the construction site is the battlefield", "more sweat, more friendship".His enthusiasm for work is as strong as his morale on the battlefield.There is a soldier's poem that reflects the spirit of the volunteers at that time: The railway corps of the Volunteer Army, working together with the North Korean people, made the railway from Pyongyang to Sinuiju unimpeded within a few hours of the truce.The Qingchuan River Bridge connecting this section of the railway was severely damaged by more than 1,200 enemy aircraft sorties and more than 3,170 various bombs dropped around the bridge from January 1953 to the end of the war.The Volunteer Railway Corps decided to spend 3 months rebuilding the bridge.The scale of the whole bridge project is very large, and it is 7 kilometers long when connected by only rivets.After the commanders and fighters worked intensely day and night, they completed the task 14 days ahead of schedule and saved materials worth 400,000 yuan.After three months of truce, 308 bridges with a total length of more than 15,000 meters were repaired, repaired and newly built, and more than 7,000 meters of lines were repaired, and 37 stations were repaired. The original railway lines in the northern half of North Korea were quickly restored.The Volunteer Army Corps of Engineers responsible for rebuilding Pyongyang undertook a number of large-scale projects.With great honor, everyone is willing to link their names with the name of this world-famous heroic city.They "built Pyongyang with the same vigor as they built Beijing", learned by doing, quickly mastered various technologies, and made many innovations, and solved the problem of insufficient materials and equipment by practicing strict economy and using waste materials.In just over a year, more than 200,000 square meters of office buildings, hospitals, schools and other buildings were built in Pyongyang. The Volunteers also used a lot of manpower to help the North Korean people repair the destroyed water conservancy projects, and also built a batch of new water conservancy projects.到1957年底，志愿军指战员帮助朝鲜人民先后修复了见龙、泰川等8座水库，修筑堤坝1300余座，全长310多公里。次年，又参加了修建定州、谷山等水库工程。在施工中，指战员以高度的劳动热情，有的在齐腰洪水中搏斗，有时在冰水中施工，有的战士在施工建筑中献出了宝贵的生命，表现了无私奉献和高尚的国际主义精神。 当停战后在接近战区的许多地方，朝鲜居民重返故乡时，志愿军驻当地部队立即进行了紧张的突击劳动，积极帮助他们重建家园。不少战士变成了木匠、铁匠、泥水匠、砖瓦匠，盖房子，修学校，填平炸弹坑，起出敌人埋下的地雷等爆炸物，使居民尽快进入温暖的住宅，恢复生产，早日安居乐业。在朝鲜东、西海岸上的志愿军部队，帮助朝鲜渔民修补渔船，织补渔网。驻东海岸的一支部队，专建了一个铁匠炉，为附近的4个渔业生产合作社打了1200多个修补渔船的钉子，修理了800多件工具，还把渔港附近6000米长的道路加修成公路，使渔民们捕获的鲜鱼能用汽车迅速运到附近的火车站。 据不完全统计，志愿军在朝鲜的8年间，主要是战后5年多时间里，共帮助朝鲜人民修建公共场所881座、民房45412间，恢复和新建大小桥梁4263座，修筑堤坝4096条（全长249公里），修建大小水渠2295条（全长1218公里），田间劳动8.5亿坪，运输物资6.3万多吨。志愿军对待朝鲜人民的疾苦，就象对待自己亲人的疾苦一样关心。8年来，特别是战时志愿军节衣缩食，以粮食1000多万公斤，衣物58万余件，帮助部分驻地人民度过灾荒。为朝鲜人民治病188万多人次。 这一切实际行动，体现了志愿军的国际主义精神，进一步增进了中朝友谊，受到了朝鲜劳动党、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府和朝鲜人民的热情称赞。以金日成首相为首的朝鲜党政领导人多次到工地看望和慰勉志愿军。金日成说：“我们朝鲜人民从参加朝鲜战线的中国人民志愿军指战员身上，看到了伟大的中国共产党及其领袖毛泽东同志所领导的光荣的人民中国的新儿女，看到了把朝鲜人民的艰难困苦当成自己的艰难困苦并为克服这种艰难困苦而奋斗努力的崇高而纯洁的新型人物的真面貌。”并指出：“这种高贵的道德品质，不能不为朝中两国人民和所有尊重人类尊严的人们引为骄傲。”朝鲜最高人民会议常任委员会还给在重建工作中成绩卓着的志愿军指战员授予勋章、奖章。