Chapter 20 Chapter 19 Difficult and Complicated Korean Armistice Negotiations

North Korea is China's neighbor.The People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea have a deep friendship and are closely related to each other. They both pursue a foreign policy of safeguarding the security of the motherland and maintaining peace in Asia and the world, hoping to realize the great cause of peaceful reunification of their respective countries at an early date.However, on June 15, 1950, a full-scale civil war broke out in North Korea, which naturally attracted the attention of the Chinese government and people.The U.S. authorities can't wait to proceed from its global strategy of dominating the world, and quickly dispatched land, sea, and air forces to carry out armed intervention and launched a war of aggression against North Korea.

At the beginning of the war of aggression against North Korea launched by the United States, the Chinese government firmly advocated a peaceful solution to the North Korean issue, and repeatedly issued stern warnings against the invasion of North Korea by the US aggressor army, expressing our country's principled position.However, the United States ignored the Chinese government's repeated warnings, refused to resolve the North Korean issue peacefully, insisted on attacking north of the "38th Parallel", and attempted to occupy the whole of North Korea by force.The "United Nations Army" headed by the United States and the South Korean Army, especially the American aggressor army, crossed the "38th Parallel" in early October 1950, frantically pushed towards the border between China and North Korea, and continuously bombed and strafed Northeast China with their invading air force border towns.When the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was in a critical situation and China's security was seriously threatened, in order to defend the country and maintain justice and peace, China resolutely sent volunteers across the Yalu River on October 25, 1950, to join the Korean people against the American invaders.After the Chinese People's Volunteers entered North Korea, they fought fiercely with the "United Nations Army" headed by the United States. They fought five consecutive battles in seven months, driving the enemy from the Yalu River back to the "38th Parallel" and making the enemy pay. More than 230,000 people were killed or injured.

Only then did the Truman administration realize that it was impossible to destroy North Korea by force;In order to find a way out, on April 9, 1951, Truman dismissed MacArthur, the commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army" led by the United States. On May 16, the National Security Council of the United States made a proposal to Truman to end hostilities through armistice negotiations on the "38th Parallel". On the 17th, Truman promptly approved the proposal.Therefore, Acheson searched for a "needle guide" who could deal with China and speak up.But the candidates found at the beginning were repeatedly missed.Finally found George Kennan.Kennan was an adviser to the State Department at the time and was working in a research institute at Princeton University. The State Department asked him to go to Washington immediately and give him a special mission to meet the Soviet representative to the United Nations, Malik.Kennan had worked in the Soviet Union for a long time and had done a lot of research on the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. It was convenient for him to approach Malik.Immediately after Keenan was appointed, he wrote a personal letter to Malik, requesting to visit Malik as a private visit, and hoped that he would answer the letter as soon as he received it, either by writing or calling.After receiving Malek's reply, Kennan rushed to Malek's residence on May 31.When Kennan saw his old friend, he couldn't express his intentions directly at first, so he had to talk about it for a while, and then he said straight to the point: "The United States is going to meet with the Chinese Communists at the United Nations or in any committee or in any other way. , to discuss the issue of ending the Korean War."

Kennan's conversation with Malik soon spread to Beijing. On June 3, Kim Il Sung arrived in Beijing and discussed the development of the situation in depth with Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others.Looking at the overall situation on the battlefield, the balance of power between the enemy and us has tended to be balanced after five consecutive battles.Although China and North Korea have an advantage in the number of troops, they are still at a huge disadvantage in terms of weapon technology and equipment. For the time being, it is impossible to encircle and wipe out the enemy's heavy army group, nor can it completely wipe out the enemy or drive the enemy into the sea in a short period of time.It has always been our position to peacefully resolve the North Korean issue. We have repeatedly stated that the only way to resolve the North Korean issue is for the two sides to cease hostilities and withdraw all foreign troops. The Korean issue should be resolved by the Korean people themselves without foreign interference.If the U.S. can “discuss with us the gradual withdrawal of foreign troops, including the future of North Korea,” we should not refuse.

On June 23, Malik delivered a speech on the "The Price of Peace" radio program organized by the United Nations Department of Public Information.He said: "The armed conflict in North Korea - the most acute problem at present - can also be resolved. And to do this, there must be a willingness on all sides to solve the Korean problem peacefully. The Soviet people believe that the first step is to The warring parties should negotiate a ceasefire and truce, and both sides withdraw their troops from the 38th parallel." On June 25, China's "People's Daily" published an editorial saying: "The Chinese people fully support Malik's proposal and are willing to work hard for its realization." struggle". "The purpose of the Chinese People's Volunteers participating in North Korea's anti-aggression war is to seek a peaceful solution to the Korean issue."The editorial also pointed out: "The Chinese people have put forward or supported other countries' reasonable proposals on peacefully resolving the North Korean issue more than once, and firmly advocated the withdrawal of all foreign troops from North Korea so that the Korean people can solve the North Korean issue by themselves. However, the US government still fantasizes about relying on Its use of force to subjugate all of North Korea, and then threaten the Northeast of our country, therefore, make all these efforts on the peaceful settlement of the North Korean issue a failure." The editorial said: "There is no doubt that as the first step in the peaceful settlement of the Korean issue, Malik's The proposal is fair and reasonable."

Truman and Acheson's search for Kennan to negotiate an armistice was finally successful. On June 29, the National Security Council of the United States issued the following instructions to Ridgway, and asked him to execute them verbatim and accurately: "According to the instructions of the President, you shall broadcast the following via the radio station at 8:00 a.m. Tokyo time on Saturday, the 30th. The document was issued to the commander of the Korean Communist Army and released to the press at the same time: As the commander-in-chief of the United Nations Army, I have been ordered to negotiate the following matters with your army—because I have learned that your side may wish to hold an armistice conference to stop all North Korean activities hostilities and armed action, and would like to duly ensure the implementation of this armistice agreement. After your reply to this paper, I send my representative and propose a meeting date to meet with your representative. I further propose this meeting It can be held on a Danish wounded ship in Wonsan Port. Li Qiwei, Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Forces (signature)".

On July 1, Kim Il Sung and Peng Dehuai sent a reply: General Ridgway, Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Army: Your statement on peace negotiations on June 30 has been received.We are authorized to declare to you that we agree to meet with your representatives for negotiations on the cessation of military operations and the establishment of peace. The meeting place, we propose, is the Kaesong area on the 38th Parallel.If you agree, our representatives are prepared to meet with your representatives on July 10-15, 1951. Afterwards, through several round-trip telegrams, the following agreements were reached on the preparations for the armistice negotiations: ① Negotiation location: Kaesong on the 38th Parallel. ② Formal negotiation date: from July 10, 1951. ③ In order to arrange the details of the meeting of representatives from both sides on the first day, each side sent 3 liaison officers and 2 translators to hold a preparatory meeting in Kaesong at 9 am on July 8. ④ At the request of the other party, we are responsible for safeguarding the safety of the other party's liaison officer and accompanying personnel after they enter our control area. ⑤When the convoys of representatives from both parties go to Kaesong for the meeting, each vehicle is covered with a white flag for identification.

Zhou Enlai had watched the reactions of all parties since the Malik signal was sent, and began to consider candidates for negotiation. The first person he thought of was Li Kenong, First Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs and Director of the Intelligence Department of the Military Commission.Li Kenong has worked under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai since 1928.As an assistant to Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying in 1936, he first negotiated with General Zhang Xueliang's representative to assist Zhou Enlai in peacefully resolving the Xi'an Incident.When he was negotiating between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party during the Third Civil Revolutionary War, he served as the Secretary-General of the Chinese Communist Party Delegation of the Executive Department of the Military Mediation and Assisted Ye Jianying in a tit-for-tat struggle with the Kuomintang and American representatives.He has a wealth of experience in negotiations, and he can be assured of being the front-line commander of the negotiations.At the same time, Premier Zhou chose Qiao Guanhua. Qiao Guanhua is the vice chairman of the Policy Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the director of the International Information Bureau. As Wu Xiuquan's assistant, he attended the United Nations meeting in Beijing not long ago. assistant.After they were ordered, they were received by Chairman Mao Zedong.

On the morning of the 6th, Li Kenong, Qiao Guanhua and others arrived in Pyongyang.Kim Il Sung received them in the morning.That night, three liaison officers from the Chinese and North Korean delegations and a North Korean-English translator set off from Pyongyang to Kaesong to make specific preparations such as selecting the location for the armistice negotiations. The representatives of the negotiating delegation were nominated by Commander Peng Dehuai and determined by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Deng Hua and Xie Fang would serve as volunteers.Deng Hua is the deputy commander and deputy political commissar of the Volunteer Army, and Peng Dehuai's right-hand man.Jie Fang is the Chief of Staff of the Volunteer Army. He has both military theoretical knowledge and actual combat experience.The People's Army is appointed by Kim Il Sung as Chief of Staff of the People's Army Nam Il and Major General Li Sangchao.Because it was not known at that time how many representatives the other party would send, China and North Korea only confirmed 4 representatives.

In the early morning of the 7th, Xie Fang and several staff members also arrived in Kaesong.In the afternoon Li Kenong, Qiao Guanhua, Nan Ri, Deng Hua, Li Xiangchao and others arrived in Kaesong one after another.In this way, the DPRK-China negotiating delegation has been formed and started working.In the process of work, the organization was gradually improved: the delegation was divided into two parts, namely the People's Army Delegation and the Volunteer Army Delegation.According to the agreement between the Central Committees of the Chinese and North Korean parties, Li Kenong presided over the negotiation work, Qiao Guanhua assisted, and the People's Army was the main external force.The Volunteer Army delegation established a party committee, with Li Kenong as the secretary, Deng Hua, Jie Fang, Qiao Guanhua, etc. as members, and Chai Chengwen as the secretary-general of the delegation. mechanism. On the 7th, the preparations for the delegation were very intense. Together with the local North Korean party and government organizations, they selected the venue for the talks, the residences and rest locations of the delegations of all parties, and arranged security and security guards for the other delegations on their way to the meeting.Taking into account various conditions such as favorable security and guards, the final negotiation site was selected as Laifengzhuang, about 2 kilometers northwest of Kaesong City.

At 9 am on the 8th, the first meeting of liaison officers between the two sides was held in Laifengzhuang.On our side were Colonel Zhang Chunshan of the People's Army, Lieutenant Colonel Chai Chengwen of the Volunteer Army, and Lieutenant Colonels Jin Yibo, Bi Jilong, and Du Yuhao of the People's Army.The other party attended were U.S. Air Force Colonel Andrew Kenny, U.S. Army Colonel James Murray, South Korean Lieutenant Colonel Li Shurong, North Korean translator Endwood, and Chinese translator Cather Wu.The atmosphere of the meeting was solemn and calm.The meeting confirmed that the Korean Armistice Negotiations will officially start at 10 a.m. on July 1951, at Laifengzhuang, Kaesong; the safety of the meeting place and the safety of the representatives of the other party along the way after they enter our controlled area shall be borne by the DPRK and China.During the talks, the other party handed in a "Notice to the Communist Party Liaison Officer", which included the list of negotiating representatives of the other party, the number of members of the delegation, communication security, and neutral corridors.In the afternoon of the same day, we also notified the other party in writing of the list of our delegation. The list of representatives handed over by the other party is 5 people. Based on this, we added Major General Zhang Pingshan as a negotiator (chief of staff of the 1st Army Corps of the People's Army).The five negotiators on the other side are: Lieutenant General Joey (Commander of the U.S. Far East Navy), Major General Kretch (Deputy Commander of the U.S. Far East Air Force), Major General Hodge (Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Eighth Army), Major General Burke (U.S. Far East Deputy Chief of Staff of the Navy), Rear Admiral Zi Shanye (Chief of the 1st Army of South Korea). In addition, the United States also selected a group of officials from the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the State Department, and Ridgway headquarters to become the think tank of the Korean armistice negotiation team. On the 9th, our delegation was busy all day, making various preparations for the first meeting of the Korean Armistice Negotiations.In the evening, Li Kenong convened the China-North Korea negotiating delegation to arrange the next day's negotiating work. On July 10th, the weather was particularly good.The North Korean and Chinese delegations specially sent security officers with translators to set up a liaison station in Panmunjom on the banks of the Shachuan River, ready to receive the negotiating delegation from the other side.Our personnel participating in the negotiations were neatly dressed, and some comrades of the Volunteer Army also changed into a set of Verdin brown military uniforms. At 9 o'clock, the two helicopters of the US delegation landed at the airport prepared by our side, and our liaison officer went to meet them. At 10 o'clock, representatives of both parties entered the negotiation venue after the court meeting in Laifengzhuang.In the negotiation hall, a rectangular table covered with green tweed was placed in the center from east to west. The 5 representatives of the other party sat on the south side, and our 5 representatives sat on the north side, and exchanged certificates.Behind the representatives of the two sides, there are roughly equal numbers of staff officers, translators and recorders. Joey, the chief representative of the United States, spoke first.After emphasizing the importance of negotiations, he said that before the armistice agreement takes effect, the war is still going on, and a delay in reaching an agreement will prolong the fighting and increase casualties.Joey brought it up towards the end of his speech. "The scope of our negotiations is limited to purely military issues related to the Korean border. If you agree, please sign this as the first agreement we negotiate. Do you agree?" It is disappointing that no compelling claims have been made. Our chief representative, Nan Il, continued to speak.He said that the Korean people have always held and still hold that the Korean War should end quickly, and therefore agree with the proposal made by the Soviet representative to the United Nations, Mr. Malik, on June 23 that the warring parties should negotiate a ceasefire and truce, and both sides should withdraw their troops from the "March 8 Wire".Next, Namil put forward three principled suggestions: First, on the basis of mutual agreement, both sides simultaneously ordered the cessation of all hostile military actions.He emphatically added, "The ceasefire between the two sides can not only reduce the loss of life and property, but also is the first step in putting out the war in North Korea." The "38th Parallel" is 10 kilometers long, and it will be completed within a certain time limit. The area where the two sides evacuated is the demilitarized zone, and the civil affairs here will be restored to the original state before June 25, 1950.At the same time, negotiations on the exchange of prisoners of war will be carried out immediately.Thirdly, all foreign troops should be withdrawn in the shortest possible time.With the withdrawal of foreign troops, the cessation of the Korean War and the peaceful settlement of the Korean issue are basically guaranteed. After Nan Ri's speech, Deng Hua, the representative of the Volunteer Army, gave a speech in support of Nan Ri's speech.He said that to discuss a ceasefire and truce in North Korea on a fair and reasonable basis is a major step towards a peaceful solution to the North Korean issue.The cessation of fire between the fighting parties in North Korea, the determination of the "38th Parallel" as the military demarcation line between the two sides, and the withdrawal of all foreign troops are in line with the wishes and demands of the Korean people, the Chinese people, and the people of the world.The Chinese People's Volunteers fully support the three principled proposals put forward by General Nan Ri. After listening to our speech, the other party put forward 9 draft agenda items: 1. Approval of the agenda. 2. The location of the prisoner camp and the permission of the representatives of the International Red Cross to visit. 3. The scope of discussion at the meeting is limited to purely military issues related to the Korean border. 4. Cessation of hostilities and military actions by the Korean Armed Forces and agreement on terms to ensure that hostilities and military actions will not recur. 5. Agreed on the demilitarized area of ​​the Korean border. 6. Organization, powers and functions of the Korea Armistice Supervision Commission. 7. Agreed on the principle of establishing a military observation team to conduct inspections in South Korea, which is affiliated with the Armistice Supervision Commission. 8. Organization and functions of the above groups. 9. Handling of prisoners of war. At noon, our delegation analyzed the other party's draft agenda, and believed that item 1 of the other party's draft agenda was just a procedure; the second item, the International Red Cross' visit to the prisoner-of-war camp, did not need to be discussed here, and the purpose of item 3 was nothing more than fear The negotiation involves the Taiwan issue and China's seat in the United Nations; the fourth item is a ceasefire; the fifth item is of course to be discussed, but the issue of demarcation of the military demarcation line is not raised. Without the military demarcation line, the demilitarized zone will be lost the basis; Items 6, 7, 8 and the last sentence of Item 4 are all about the issue of armistice supervision to ensure that military operations will not occur after the military armistice; Item 9 is the issue of prisoners of war.The other party's nine points, the real issues to be discussed, have actually been included in our three principled proposals.However, the other party did not mention the crucial issue of withdrawing foreign troops and withdrawing from the "38th Parallel".It is not difficult to see that the other party's position has changed when Kenan dated Malik. In the afternoon, we put forward 5 agenda items at the meeting: 1. Adopt the agenda. 2. Take the 38th parallel north latitude as the military demarcation line for the truce between the two sides, and set up a demilitarized zone as the basic condition for the truce. 3. Withdraw all foreign troops. 4. Concrete measures to realize the Korean armistice. 5. Arrangements for prisoners of war. Speeches made by both parties at the venue were translated orally into two languages ​​by an interpreter.At the beginning, perhaps due to nervousness and other reasons, Joey repeatedly continued to speak without waiting for the Chinese translation in his speech, and he returned to normal after we put forward our opinions. The first day of armistice negotiations is over.The focus of the disagreement is that the other party has not touched on the substantive issue of withdrawing foreign troops.The next day, the other side popped up a reporter interview question. On the 12th, Joey asked us to allow 20 reporters to come to Kaesong for interviews.However, in disregard of our official reply, the U.S. took threatening measures and formed a convoy of 20 journalists and 65 delegation members to our Panmunjom defense zone in the east of Kaesong at 7:45.We sent a liaison officer to inform the other party immediately that we did not agree to the reporter's approval because the reporter's interview meeting had not yet reached an agreement.But the US delegation actually returned in full.Then, Joey wrote a letter to Nan Ri.Nam Il replied to Joey on the morning of the 13th, pointing out that it was wrong for the other party to allow journalists to enter the negotiating area and the delegation to refuse to attend the meeting without an agreement between the two sides, and suggested that the meeting should continue at 9 am.The other party seized on the "journalist issue" and immediately brought this issue up to the level of the commanders of both sides to make a fuss, saying that it was related to the issue of equal treatment for both sides in the venue area.On the same day, Li Qiwei sent letters to Kim Il Sung and Peng Dehuai.The next day, Kim Il-sung and Peng Dehuai replied to Li Qiwei: "Your letter dated July 13 has been received. In order to clear up misunderstandings and disputes on some minor issues and enable the smooth progress of peace negotiations, we agree with your letter. It is mentioned that the Kaesong area will be designated as a neutral zone during the meeting. In this area, the two sides will stop any hostile actions, and the armed personnel will be completely excluded from the meeting site area and the passage of your delegation leading to the meeting site area. As for the size of the meeting site area and other related specific issues, we suggest that the delegations of the two sides should be resolved at a meeting. The issue of journalists that caused the suspension of the meeting has nothing to do with the issue of drawing a neutral zone. The latter question has not been raised by your delegation since your liaison officer raised it once on July 8. And the task of the liaison officer is to discuss details, and he has no right to discuss matters of a nature such as drawing a neutral zone. Question. The issue of the journalists that caused the suspension of the meeting is a small issue. It is not worth the suspension of the meeting for this small issue, let alone the breakup of the meeting because of this issue. Your delegation once raised this issue at the meeting At that time, our delegation believed that it was inappropriate for journalists from various countries to come to Kaesong when the meeting had not achieved anything and the agenda had not been passed. Therefore, no agreement was reached on this issue. We insisted that all issues must be negotiated by both parties We believe that this principle is fair and irrefutable. Since no agreement has been reached on the issue of journalists, it should not be enforced unilaterally by your side. In order not to cause the meeting to stall for a long time due to this trivial matter For the sake of breaking things, we now agree with your proposal that 20 of your journalists should be part of your delegation's staff. We have ordered our delegation to facilitate you in this matter as well." After the negotiating meeting was interrupted for 3 days, the agenda was resumed.Whether to include the withdrawal of foreign troops on the agenda is a bone of contention.We say that the withdrawal of foreign troops is a necessary condition to prevent the recurrence of war, and the garrison of foreign troops is the root cause of war.The other party said that there were no foreign troops stationed when the Korean War broke out, and the war broke out just after the withdrawal of foreign troops.This is pure fallacy.From this point of view, only by the neo-colonialists stationing troops in various countries around the world can it be possible to prevent war.When the other side ran out of arguments, it also said that the commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army" only had the command power over these troops, and did not have the right to make a certain country retreat.There is no point in arguing like this.After a week of intense debate, we propose to adjourn the meeting for 3 days to facilitate consultations between the two parties in China and North Korea. On the 25th, our side proposed to include in the agenda an item of "suggestions to the governments of both parties concerned", and refer this issue to another meeting for resolution.In this way, on the 26th, six agenda items for the Korean armistice negotiations were reached: 1. Adoption of the agenda. 2. As a basic condition for the cessation of hostilities in North Korea, the military demarcation line between the two sides is determined to establish a demilitarized zone. 3. Specific arrangements for the realization of the ceasefire and truce in the DPRK, including the composition, powers and functions of the institutions that supervise the implementation of the terms of the ceasefire and truce. 4. Regarding the arrangement of prisoners of war. 5. Suggest matters to the relevant governments of both parties. After the negotiating agenda was passed at the meeting, we put forward a principled proposal for the second agenda item, that is, to use the "38th Parallel" as the military demarcation line between the two sides, and each side retreats 5 kilometers as a demilitarized zone.The main reasons are as follows: 1. When the Soviet representative to the United Nations, Malik, proposed to hold the Korean armistice negotiations on June 23, he clearly mentioned that the troops of both sides should withdraw from the "38th Parallel". This is the basis for the armistice negotiations. 2. It is in line with the historical fact that the "38th Parallel" is used as the military demarcation line. The war started at the "38th Parallel". 3. The two sides occupy areas in the north and south of the "38th Parallel", and the area occupied by the two sides is not much different.Therefore, the "38th Parallel" approximately reflects the situation of the two sides on the battlefield. Even from a purely military point of view, it is fair and reasonable to regard the "38th Parallel" as a military demarcation line. The U.S. opposed our proposal and put forward a counter proposal of "the superiority of the navy and air force". The military demarcation line should be established in the rear of our military positions, and the Chinese and North Korean troops should withdraw 38 to 53 kilometers from the existing positions.According to this plan, the opponent can obtain more than 12,000 square kilometers of land without firing a single shot.It is so outrageous, unreasonable, and absurd that the U.S. itself dare not tell the public opinion, and can only vaguely say that their request is "based on the reality of the battlefield."The U.S. representative said: There are fronts on land, as well as in the air and sea; the U.S. can go to the Yalu River in the air, and the east and west coasts of North Korea at sea. In terms of the armistice agreement, we insist that the location of the demilitarized zone must be properly determined by all these factors before it can be called fair. The ceasefire of the United Nations forces on land, in the air and along the coast is at least equal to that of the North Korean and Chinese ground forces. A massive retreat northward".We naturally refute and reject the U.S. fallacy of "compensation for naval and air superiority" and such outrageous demands.In this way, from the 10th meeting to the 19th meeting (August 4th), the two sides have been debating on the issue of the military demarcation line without any result. As soon as it entered the discussion on the second agenda item (substantive issues), it became deadlocked.The United States found that it could not get what it could not get on the battlefield at the negotiating table, so it made up its mind outside the venue.As a result, a series of conspiracy events took place outside the venue, and then they fought again on the battlefield. On August 5, Li Qiwei ordered his negotiators not to negotiate in Kaesong under the pretext that the security personnel from the DPRK and China entered the meeting area.Our side quickly and practically dealt with this matter. The US side could not find an excuse and returned to the conference table on the 10th.But they failed to make a plan, and made another plan. At the meeting, Joey refused to speak, which made the meeting place silent. The "sit-in" stalemate lasted for 132 minutes, so the meeting had to be adjourned. Beginning on August 19, the United States created a series of conspiratorial incidents, which again interrupted the negotiations. On the morning of the 19th, the U.S. military sent armed personnel to kill our military police platoon leader Yao Qingxiang who was on patrol in the Kaesong Neutral Zone. On the night of the 22nd, U.S. aircraft invaded the sky above the Kaesong meeting site area, bombing and strafing the area near the dormitories of our negotiating delegation. On August 23, Kim Il Sung and Peng Dehuai lodged a serious protest to Li Qiwei.The protest letter pointed out: The reason why you dare to continue to provoke so recklessly is because you mistakenly regard our patience in striving for peace as a sign of weakness.You thought we would not be willing to break up negotiations on such matters anyway, so you shot at Panmunjom, then murdered our military police, and finally even tried to murder our delegation.We want to tell you that you are wrong in thinking this way.And announced the suspension of the meeting.The United States has not only denied in every possible way the sabotage of the armistice negotiations planned by itself, but has continued to increase.From the 23rd to the 30th, U.S. aircraft invaded the Kaesong neutral zone 12 times, and on September 1st bombed the residence of our chief representative Nam Il. At the same time, the United States launched a new attack on our army on the battlefield in an attempt to realize its delusion with military pressure.Beginning on August 18, the "Summer Offensive" was launched.The U.S. concentrated two divisions of the U.S. Army and one division of each of the five divisions of the South Korean Army. With the support of a large number of aviation and artillery, the United States adopted the tactics of "attacking section by section and advancing step by step" to attack the positions defended by the Korean People's Army on the eastern front.The People's Army fought fiercely for a month with heroic and tenacious active defense, killing and injuring a large number of the enemy's vital forces, and completely crushed its "summer offensive" on September 18.In order to cooperate with the People's Army's defensive operations, a part of the Volunteer Army also launched an attack on the enemy's main points at the front.In the summer defense campaign, more than 78,000 enemies were wiped out. The US "summer offensive" failed to achieve its goal and is still unwilling to fail.Beginning on September 19, the "Autumn and Summer Offensive" was launched against the volunteer positions.The volunteers fought bravely and tenaciously against the enemy. The enemy's offensive gradually weakened until October 18, and the offensive was completely stopped on the 22nd.The Volunteers killed, wounded, and captured more than 79,000 enemies in the autumn defense campaign. In the battle on the battlefield, the US not only failed to achieve its expected goal, but suffered huge casualties.The U.S. had no choice but to admit that its plane "mistakenly bombed" Kaesong as a turning point, expressing its willingness to resume armistice negotiations. On October 25, the armistice negotiations resumed at Panmunjom, the new venue agreed upon by both parties.At this time, both delegations adjusted some members. Before that, we announced that Deng Hua would be replaced by Bian Zhangwu, and Zhang Pingshan would be replaced by Zheng Douhuan.The other party, Lee Hyung-geun, succeeded Baek Sun-yeop.Bian Zhangwu was my country's first military attache stationed in the Soviet Union. He was transferred from the Soviet Union to replace Deng Hua shortly after, and came to participate in the armistice negotiations. Deng Hua still returned to the Volunteer Army Command to assist Peng Dehuai in commanding operations.The first meeting after the resumption of negotiations was not long. After the meeting approved the security agreement on the venue area and the channel to Kaesong and Wenshan reached by the liaison officers of the two parties, the meeting was adjourned, and then it was transferred to the group meeting of the second agenda. .During the negotiations, although the other party gave up the absurd claim of trying to seize 12,000 square kilometers of land without a war, in the new plan it proposed, it still tried to make us withdraw from the 1,500 square kilometers of land, including giving up Kaesong to the US.The reason is that "Kaesong is necessary for the defense of Seoul."We object.Our side proposed a plan to use the actual contact line between the two sides as the military demarcation line.On the basis of our plan, on November 27, the two delegations met and passed an agreement on the military demarcation line and the demilitarized zone.The agreement stipulates: 1. Determine the existing actual contact line as the military demarcation line, and both sides will retreat 2 kilometers to establish a demilitarized zone.2. If the armistice agreement has been signed within 30 days of the ratification of this agreement, no matter what changes are made to the actual contact line between the two sides, the military demarcation line and the demilitarized zone shall not be changed.3. If the armistice agreement has not been signed within 30 days, the military demarcation line and the demilitarized zone shall be revised according to the actual contact line between the two sides in the future.The other party proposed a 30-day validity limit, in fact, as a pressure on us.They always overestimated their own strength. In fact, in the protracted negotiations, the actual contact line on the battlefield always moved south.This military demarcation line has been corrected three times until the Korean armistice agreement was officially signed, and there have been changes that are greatly beneficial to our side.Namely: Compared with the line of the first agreement on November 27, 1951, the military demarcation line demarcated on June 16, 1953, we have advanced about 140 square kilometers to the south; The demarcation line, which is now the military demarcation line, has a total length of about 238 kilometers, which is 192.6 square kilometers further south than the line of the second agreement on June 16. The south has advanced 332.6 square kilometers.In this way, what the U.S. could not obtain on the battlefield, it did not obtain at the venue. Instead, it ended up as the saying goes: "If you can't steal the chicken, you will lose a handful of rice!" After the summer and autumn offensive launched by the enemy was smashed by the North Korean and Chinese troops, the battlefield was relatively calm, and there was an opportunity inside and outside the venue that was conducive to the progress of the negotiations. On November 27, 1951, after the agreement on the second agenda item was reached, the third agenda item was immediately entered, which was about "the specific arrangements for the realization of a ceasefire and truce in North Korea. Including the composition, powers and functions of the institutions that supervise the implementation of the terms of the ceasefire and truce." "Negotiations.As soon as we entered into this agenda, we immediately put forward five principled proposals: 1. All armed forces of both sides, including land, sea, and air forces, regular and irregular armed personnel, should stop all hostile acts from the date of signing the armistice agreement .2. All armed forces of both sides shall withdraw from the demilitarized area within 3 days after the signing of the armistice agreement.3. All armed forces of both sides shall withdraw from the other side's rear within 5 days after the signing of the armistice agreement.4. All armed forces of both sides shall not enter the demilitarized area, nor shall they carry out any armed operations in the area.5. The two sides shall form an armistice commission to be jointly responsible for the implementation of the armistice agreement. However, the other party put forward seven proposals, contrary to its past position that “withdrawing foreign troops is a political issue, and political issues should not be discussed during a military armistice.”The plan proposed by the United States, in addition to vaguely agreeing to the cessation of hostilities between the two sides, emphasized some inappropriate issues such as that the two sides would not increase their military strength during the truce, and that the two sides would freely inspect each other's rear.Because discussing such a wide-ranging issue as the strength and weakness of the military power of both sides will inevitably involve political issues of the internal affairs of both sides, and it is also closely related to the presence of foreign troops in North Korea.The free "inspection" (i.e. reconnaissance) by both sides to each other's rear is a measure of interference in each other's internal affairs and should not be discussed in the armistice negotiations. After nearly a week of fierce debate on the venue, the two sides had no results.In order to make progress in the negotiations, our side put forward a supplementary proposal on December 3. Except for the first four articles of the original proposal, we slightly revised article 5 of the original proposal so that the front and back were connected, and added the 6. Article 7, forming 7 principled proposals, advocating that after the armistice "the two sides will not enter any military force, weapons and ammunition from outside North Korea under any pretext" as an important guarantee, and divide the supervision measures into two parts: The supervision of the demilitarized zone is directly responsible for the Armistice Commission; the supervision of the rear outside the demilitarized zone is the responsibility of the supervisory agency of neutral countries.The suggestion we put forward was beyond the expectation of the other party.Unprepared and overwhelmed, the other party suggested that the meeting be turned into a group discussion.Obviously, they are trying to buy time to ask the decision-making leaders in Washington. After 9 days of "grinding" at the group meeting, the opponent came up with a counter-case on December 12, reluctantly expressing that he gave up the request to inspect the opponent's rear, agreed to the principle of neutral countries inspecting the rear ports, but still insisted on the troops they proposed Rotation issues and equipment replenishment issues. We adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts, accepting reasonably and rejecting unreasonably, and put forward a new plan on December 14.Appropriate concessions were made on the issue of troop rotation, which stipulated that after the approval of the Armistice Commission, the troops of the two sides in North Korea could be rotated, but the number of troops in North Korea should not exceed 5,000 per month, and it should be subject to on-the-spot supervision by a neutral country supervisory agency. The port is carried out.In this regard, the US did not express its attitude, but came up with a countermeasure on the 23rd, and took over the plan that we had made concessions. However, their request for interference in the internal affairs of the other party remained unchanged, and the excuse was the restoration of the airport and aviation facilities. Construction and construction will inevitably increase our military strength. Although we have made repeated efforts, the United States still insists on the clause of interfering in each other's internal affairs.The two sides have been debating the issue.We refute the other party's various strange talks based on reason.When Xie Fang reprimanded the other party face to face, he said: "You bloody militants' theories are so absurd that they are not worth refuting. You should know that even when you use military force to bomb and wreak havoc, you will also不能干涉我们的内政，妄想干涉也没有干涉得了。你们使用军事力量不能得到的东西，却企图用谈判的办法得到，我坦白的告诉你们，你们永远也不会得到你们使用军事力量所得不到的东西”。这个问题一直到1952年1月27日，毫无结果。对方理屈就胡搅蛮缠，这时小组会开不下去了，对方提议召开双方参谋会议。双方同意暂时休会，举行参谋会议，讨论第三项议程已达成协议的具体细节，对限制我方修建机场的无理要求留待以后讨论。 为了争取在僵持中能够有所进展，1952年2月6日，开始了第五项议程（向各国政府建议事项）的谈判。我方在会上对此项议程提出了如下原则建议，即在停战协定签字并生效后3个月内，双方有关各国政府分派代表5人举行高一级的政治会议协商：1.从朝鲜撤退一切外国军队问题；2.和平解决朝鲜问题；3.与朝鲜和平有关的其他问题。谈判中，对方首先企图避免明确提出举行高一级政治会议，其实质是想使这项议程变得毫无意义。他们说：“双方司令官并没有审议有关在朝鲜的政治锯决的各种问题”。 我方说：军事停战谈判的目的，就是中止敌对行为，为从朝鲜撤退一切外国军队、和平解决朝鲜问题创造条件。怎样能说双方司令官并没有审议有关在朝鲜的政治解决的“各种”问题呢？后来他们又玩弄文字游戏，试图改成一些含糊不清的提法，如“建议在三个月的期限内，采取步骤，在政治会议中或其他适当政治方法处理各项问题”，这实际上是否定政治会议的召开，企图以“政治方法”来代替“正当会议”。将“与朝鲜和平有关的其他问题”改为“与和平有关的其他朝鲜问题”。美方企图限制高一级政治会议的讨论范围，反对讨论朝鲜问题以外的其他问题。 经过10余天的反复争论，21月6日，我方代表提出了第五项议程的修正案：为保证朝鲜问题的和平解决，双方军事司令官兹向双方有关国政府建议在停战协定签字并生效后三个月内，分派代表召开双方高一级的政治会议，协商从朝鲜撤退一切外国军队及和平解决朝鲜问题等问题。“这一修正案，在最后一句话的尾巴上加了'等问题'3个字，争得了一个”等字，有利于政治会议上讨论与“朝鲜和平有关的其他问题”。 此项议程，于2月17日达成了协议，同其他各项议程比较起来算是顺利的。 关于第三项议程的双方参谋会议于1月27日起举行。在“轮换限额”、“特定口岸”、中立国监察委员会的组成、权力和职司等问题上，双方的分歧仍然存在。中立国问题和机场问题的谈判一直持续到5月。为了使分歧得到解决，我方同意了美方主张双方各提两个中立国家的办法。关于机场问题，美方表示取消对修建机场的限制。 这样，1952年5月2日，双方就第三项议程达成协议。其主要内容为：一、停战协议签字生效24小时内停止一切敌对行动。二、一切武装力量在停战协议签字生效后72小时内自非军事区撤出。三、双方控制下的陆海空武装力量应在停战协议签字并生效后的5天内自对方的后方和沿海岛屿及海面撤走。四、为保证军事停战的稳定，以利双方高一级会议的进行来达到和平解决，双方保证停战协议签字生效后不从朝鲜境外进入任何增援的军事人员、作战飞机、装甲车辆、武器和弹药，双方协议限度内的军事人员的轮换应报告军事停战委员会，以便委托中立国监察机构在双方同意的后方口岸进行实地监察与视察。五、双方指定同等数目的委员组成停战军事委员会。六、双方同意邀请可为双方所接受而未参加朝鲜战争的中立国家，派出同等数目的代表组成监察机构，在军事停战委员会中双方或一方提出请求时，中立国监察机构应立即派遣视察小组至双方同意的后方口岸或非军事区外地点，执行停战协议中所规定的监督与视察任务。 第四项议程“关于战俘的安排问题”，拖了一年半之久，占整个谈判时间的四分之三。这是停战谈判过程中双方斗争最尖锐的问题。 1951年12月11日，在第三项议程谈判的同时，进入了第四项议程的小组讨论。我方代表团认为这样能加快谈判进程，这是好事，而且认为它是一个不难解决的议题，因为战争终结时交战双方交换战俘，既有历来国际战争的惯例，又有公认的国际公约的约束（1949年8月12日《关于战俘待遇的日内瓦公约》明确规定，“实际战争停止后，战俘应即予以释放并遣返，不得迟延”。美国是日内瓦公约的签字国）。会议一开始我方即提出了停战以后迅速遣返全部战俘的原则。没有料到对方竟拒绝对此表明态度，而提出必须首先交换战俘名单。次日，我方在会上正式提出五点原则建议。即：一、双方释放现在收容的全部战俘；二、停战协议签字后在最短可能期间内，双方分批释放及遣送完毕所收容的全部战俘，并先释放与遣送重伤、病战俘；三、双方交换战俘的地点在开城板门店；四、双方派同等数目的人员组成遣俘委员会，负责处理战俘交接事宜；五、上述各项确定后即交换双方全部战俘名单。可是对方仍然避免在遣俘原则上作出反应，反而节外生枝提出了两点要求：一是红十字国际委员会派人到双方战俘营访问；二是首先交换战俘名单。 红十字国际委员会到战俘营访问，当时我方确有困难，因为敌人的飞机对我军后方日夜进行狂轰滥炸，难以保证其交通安全，如果出了意外，那就更麻烦，所以采取慎重从事和极端负责的态度。至于交换名单，对我方来说只是一个技术问题。对方提出这两个要求，并不是他们的真意，不过是虚张声势以减轻广大人民要求尽快达成协议的压力，掩盖其不敢过早公诸于世的违反日内瓦公约的交换战俘方案。 为了解除对方的借口，在18日会议上我方提出双方交换全部俘虏资料。当天下午，我方把一份完整的俘虏资料交给对方（战俘国籍、姓名、军人号码、部队番号、级别和所在的俘虏营等）。而美方交来的却是大大少于全部战俘数量的、只是用英语字母拼写的姓名和战俘番号，中国人没有汉字姓名，朝鲜人没有朝文姓名，没有部队编号、职务、衔级，根本无法查对。而且数量也比对方说出的总数少1456名，比对方交由红十字国际委员会转给朝中方面的战俘名单少44205名。 26日，我方代表要求美方对此作出解释。美方找了一些自相矛盾的理由。起初说，1456名战俘确在俘虏营中，而44205人的差额则是因为红十字国际委员会所转的材料是不及时的材料；以后又说，4万余人的差额中有3.7万人是南朝鲜的居民已经释放，后来又说，这3.7万名战俘仍在美方的俘虏营中。接着，美方竟公然借口朝中方面曾俘虏过美方人员的数字大于目前收容的俘虏总数，所以要扣留其俘虏营中的16243名朝中被俘人员。我方驳斥了美方的狡辩，揭露了他们企图扣留我方被俘人员的阴谋。 1952年1月2日，美方又玩弄新的花招，拿出了一个解决战俘问题的所谓方案，提出交换战俘的基本原则是“一对一”的交换。如果一方交换完了，出现战俘名额不够时，就用“平民”顶替，再不够就让这些无人交换的战俘宣誓“我以后不再参加战争了”，然后假释，让他们在特务严密控制之下“愿”到哪里去就到哪里去，美其名曰实行“自愿遣返”。这真是奇闻，谁能想到竟把中世纪人口买卖的野蛮契约搬了出来。这个方案一出笼，很多抱有尽快达成停战协议希望的人感到失望。我方拒绝了这个荒谬的方案。 于是一场新的唇枪舌战开始了。我方代表团气愤地指出：“你们应该知道战俘的释放与遣送不是人口买卖，20世纪的今天更不是野蛮的奴隶时代。”你们这个方案，是一个以假借“自愿遣返”以“一对一的基础”的名义.实行扣留战俘的方案。还严厉地指出：“全世界人民将诅咒你方的这一提案，你方自己的被俘人员和他们的家属也将诅咒你方的提案，因为你方的这一提案将阻塞释放与遣返全体战俘的可能，将阻塞迅速达成停战协议的前途。” 我方收容的部分美、英战俘听到这个方案的内容后愤慨异常，他们发表的公开信指出：美方的提案使渴望早日重返家园的美、英战俘们陷于极大的失望，将使战俘家属痛苦不安。 为此，我方集中批驳对方的“一对一交换”和“自愿遣返”的荒谬主张。开会50多次，谈得愈来愈僵。 在我方的斗争下，美方于1月28日交出了朝中方面的13万被俘人员的姓名、级别、部别等材料，但仍未交出4.4万名朝中方面战俘的基本材料。 2月3日，我方提出了关于解决战俘问题的新方案。这个方案，吸收了对方所有方案中的合理因素，解决了讨论中遇到的几乎所有问题。其要点是：双方即释放遣返各自收容的全部俘虏；保证全部被俘人员在遣返后恢复和平生活；优先遣返伤病战俘；遣俘工作在停战协定签字生效后两个月内进行完毕；以非军事区内的板门店为交换战俘的地点；建立战俘遣返委员会负责遣返工作；邀请红十字国际委员会和朝中两国红十字会代表组成联合访问团，访问双方战俘营，并协助遣返工作进行；双方从速将已亡战俘材料提交对方；双方协助流离失所的平民返乡，恢复和平生活。这是一个十分完整而明确的提案。如果美方有诚意，这一议程就可以达成协议了。 这个方案的提出，解除了对方可能的一切借口，给谈判达成协议注入了新的希望。国际知名的和平人士纷纷发表谈话，不少新闻记者发表评论说：“这是一个不能久拖而又能打破僵局的好方案。” 然而美方仍顽固地坚持所谓“自愿遣返”原则。从2月到3月下旬，一直僵持着。在这过程中，美方又制造了种种迫害和虐杀我方战俘的事件。2月18日，在巨济岛62号俘虏营，由于美方人员对我方被俘人员强行“甄别”而遭到反抗，集体屠杀俘虏75人，打伤139人。这一惨案血迹未干，3月13日，美方又在巨济岛屠杀我被俘人员，造成又一流血事件。我方代表在谈判桌上，严厉斥责美方罪恶行径为天理人道所不容。朝中司令部发言人也严正声明，抗议美军暴行。中国的《人民日报》连续发表《必须追究美国对巨济岛惨案的责任》和《反对美蒋特务迫害我方被俘人员的暴行》的社论。社论指出：不允许美国对世界人类文明的污辱与破坏。 随着美方强迫扣留战俘活动的加紧，战俘营中的镇压事件也愈来愈多。从4月10日到6月3日，连续发生8起屠杀我被俘人只的事件，打死打伤180多人。在“自愿遣返”的幕后，美方战俘营真象一座人间地狱。宁死不屈的我方被俘人员，血染大地，正气浩然。我方代表在大会上对美方这一系列血腥暴行，提出了强烈谴责和严重抗议。 5月22日，哈里逊接替乔埃任美方停战谈判代表团首席代表。他因对美方提出的方案和在战俘营的血腥罪行找不出任何理由进行辩解，就在会议桌上采取了无赖的“谈判方式”。他在会上吹口哨，假装睡觉，拒绝回答问题，天天提议无限期休会，甚至未等开会完毕就擅离会场，把极其严肃的谈判会议视同儿戏一般。在6月7日会议上，他又一次提议休会3天。我方代表提出8日继续开会。哈里逊竟蛮横地说：“8日你方尽可到会，但我方将不出席。”他不顾会议应有的秩序和礼貌，不等翻译人员将他的话翻译完就离开会场。我方称他这种行动为“逃会”。为此，金日成和彭德怀于6月9日写信给克拉克，指出“这是在双方对等谈判中所绝对不能容许的无礼的挑衅活动”，同时提出警告：“如果你方意欲借此破裂谈判，那你方就应公开宣布，承当责任。如果你方因有不可告人的隐衷而欲故意造成远东局势的紧张，则所得结果必将引起全世界爱好和平人民的愤懑和责难。”最后要求克拉克命令他的代表，按正常程序前来板门店开会。6月11日，克拉克在复信中仅作了一些无理辩解。事过仅一周，6月17日哈里逊又第二次“逃会”，6月27日又第三次“逃会”。 6月10日，美方又在巨济岛进行了血腥屠杀，朝中被俘人员死伤170名。11日，我方代表在会议上对此事提出严重抗议。此后，谈判会议依然在尖锐斗争中进行。会议进行得时断时续，几乎近于休会状态。每次休会时间3天、7天、10天不等。开会没有取得任何结果。 美方代表在谈判桌上紧紧捏着“自愿遣返”这张“王牌”不放，是按照杜鲁门亲自批准的国家安全委员会第68号文件对谈判的要求行事的。他们觉得“作为一种策略可以进行谈判，即可赢得舆论的支持，也可减少即刻发生战争的危险，使谈判比诉之武力更有利”。现在战线已经稳定，就是拖下去也不致扩大战争。可是他们没有想到，谈判并未捞到好处，地未多占一寸，只落得个以实际接触线停火；在停战监督上，不仅没捞到便宜，反而引来了个“中立国视察”的麻烦，因此，只有在战俘问题上作文章了。他们手里捏着那么多战俘，杜鲁门决心在这个问题上捞个“光荣停战”的面子。只要有大批战俘“不愿”回去，就算胜利，既可以在政治上给共产党脸上抹黑，又便于向美国人民、向“自由世界”的人们交代。 10月8日，哈里逊在会上蛮横地宣布，无限期休会。板门店的谈判再一次陷于破裂的边沿。 谈判中断后，10月14日，敌人为配合停战谈判，改善防御态势，在金化以北的上甘岭地区发动了1951年秋季攻势以来最大的一次攻势，他们称之为“金化攻势”。投入这一攻势的总兵力约6万人，坦克176辆。先后出动飞机3000多架次，平均每天出动70余架次。在上甘岭这小小的3.7平方公里的地面上，倾泻炮弹190余万发，最多的一天达30余万发，投弹500余枚。志愿军在敌人持续攻击下，防守上甘岭的兵力经常保持2个加强连，在防御纵深266门大口径火炮协同下，顽强奋战43昼夜，歼敌2.5万余人，粉碎了敌人攻势，我军上甘岭阵地巍然不动。 敌人虽然在上甘岭碰得头破血流，但是仍不甘心，经美国多次策划，积极准备大规模的登陆进攻，妄图击败朝中部队，摆脱其困难处境。在中共中央、中央军委和毛泽东主席的领导下，我军识破了敌人的阴谋，坚决而迅速地做好了充分的反登陆作战准备，使东、西海岸的防御阵地空前巩固，严阵以待。敌人在这种态势下，不敢发起既定的一场大战了。于是美方又作了继续与我方进行停战谈判的表示。1953年2月22日，在板门店谈判无限期休会近4个半月之后，克拉克遵照美国参谋长联席会议的指令，给金日成和彭德怀写信，建议在战争期间先行交换病伤战俘。 争取在公平合理的条件下早日达成停战，是中朝方面的既定方针。美方既然希望再回到板门店来，应该抓住这个机会。于是，3月28日，金日成和彭德怀发表了致克拉克的复信，同意交换病伤战俘。30日，周恩来总理就朝鲜停战谈判问题发表声明说：中华人民共和国政府和朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府一致主张，朝鲜人民军和中国人民志愿军的停战谈判代表应即与“联合国军”停战淡判代表开始关于在战争期间交换病伤战俘问题的谈判，并进而谋取战俘问题的通盘解决。31日，金日成发表声明，热烈支持周恩来提的新建议。国际舆论纷纷表示热烈欢迎周恩来提出的建议，认为这一建议消除了停战谈判的最后障碍，表现了中朝方面谋求和平的诚意，为在朝鲜停止战争并进而为和平解决朝鲜问题打开了道路。 在我方推动下，停战谈判双方联络组会议于4月6日在板门店开始举行，商谈关于交换病伤战俘的事宜。至11日，双方联络组共开会6次，达成了《遣返病伤被俘人员协定》，并于20日开始，在板门店会场区遣返和交换病伤战俘。我方从20日至26日，将战俘营及前线病院中所收容的对方病伤战俘684人全部遣返完毕。美方从4月20日至5月3日，遣返朝中病伤战俘6670人。 4日11日，我方联络官在会议上提议，双方停战谈判代表会议应立即恢复，以讨论并解决整个战俘遣返问题，实现朝鲜停战。5天以后，美方表示同意复会的意见。 4月26日上午11时，双方谈判代表团重新走进板门店帐篷，中断了6个月零18天的停战谈判重新恢复了。志愿军代表团的成员作了新的调整，丁国钰接替边章五，柴成文接替解方。会上，我方首席代表南日提出了一项关于解决全部战俘遣返问题的方案，即建议把战俘的遣返分成两个步骤来进行，一切坚持遣返的战俘在停战后立即直接遣返，其余未被直接遣返的战俘则送交中立国遣返委员会，以便对他们的遣返问题取得公正的解决。对方代表表示同意。 但在30日的会议上，美方代表又节外生枝，借口将战俘送交中立国遣返委员会，会造成“不必要的旅途跋涉”，提出：“就地非军事化”和“就地释放”的主张。他们的目的，仍是要将我方的大批战俘予以扣留并送交南朝鲜。 为了协商解决问题，5月7日我方又提出了一个新方案，采用了美方建议的部分内容，将不直接遣返的战俘留在原拘留地，交由中立国遣返委员会进行遣返安排，美方不同意。5月13日，提出将一切不直接遣返的朝鲜籍战俘在停战生效时“就地释放”。对此，我方当然不能接受。从5月17日起双方代表团会议因美方的要求而休会。 在我方的努力和世界舆论的压力下，6月4日双方代表团复会，美方的态度有所转变。又经过行政性会议的几次协商，美方代表同意将未予直接遣返的其余战俘统交中立国遣返委员会，根据《中立国遣返委员会的职权范围》规定处理。 反复无常的板门店谈判，终于在6月8日达成了关于遣返战俘的协议。至此一年多来唯一阻碍停战达成协议的问题获得了解决。协议规定：在停战协定生效后60天内，各方应将其收容的一切坚持遣返的战俘分批直接遣返；未予直接遣返的战俘在朝鲜境内交给由波兰、捷克斯洛伐克、瑞士、瑞典和印度5国代表组成的中立国遣返委员会看管；战俘所属国家应有自由与便利，自中立国遣返委员会接管战俘之日起派遣代表向一切依附于该国之战俘进行90天的解释，90天之后如尚有未行使遣返权利的战俘，其处理问题应交由政治会议在30天之内解决；在此之后尚有未行使遣返权利的战俘，而政治会议又未为他们协议出处理办法者，应由中立国遣返委员会在30天之内宣布解除其战俘身份，使之成为平民，并协助他们前往他们申请要去的地方。 朝鲜停战谈判的各项议程至此全部达