Chapter 13 Chapter 12 Defeating the "Strangling War" of the US Army

Since the U.S. invaders dropped bombs on the border cities of our country, they have taken the rear strategic locations, important military facilities and transportation lines of the Chinese People’s Volunteers and the Korean People’s Army as the targets of bombing, destruction and destruction, and it has always been their strategy. one of the important components.The U.S. military thinks that by virtue of its air superiority, it can accelerate victory.From the beginning of the war to the first half of 1951, more than 500 aircraft of various types were invested, gradually increasing to more than 1,100, of which more than half were used to bomb the rear of the Chinese and North Korean troops.In the early days of the Volunteer Army's entry into the DPRK, there was neither aviation support nor anti-air combat weapons. Before the end of 1950, the air defense had only one anti-aircraft artillery regiment.Only a small number of air forces were sent to fight at the beginning of the following year. After the Korean armistice negotiations began on July 10, 1951, in order to cooperate with the negotiations, the U.S. military exerted pressure on the Volunteer Army and the People’s Army. While its ground forces launched the offensive in the summer and autumn of 1951, it also launched an air offensive with a large number of air forces. The "Strangulation War".Under the leadership and command of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and the Volunteer Army Headquarters, the rear units of the Volunteer Army worked closely with each other to fight against the "Strangulation War".Beginning in August 1951 and ending in late June 1952, it shattered the attempt of the US military and achieved a strategic victory.

On July 13, 1951, the fourth day after the Korean armistice negotiations had just begun, Matthew Ridgway, commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Forces" invading North Korea, issued an order to the commander of the air force invading North Korea, Commander of the U.S. Far East Air Force, Otto Wieland. Instruction: "During this period of negotiation, actions should be taken to give full play to the full capabilities of air power and achieve the greatest effect to punish the enemy anywhere in North Korea." At that time, it was a waste of air power to use air power to support ground forces to attack enemy targets along the front line. "It would be extremely stupid not to concentrate most of the air power on bombing targets on the communication lines in the enemy's rear area and there is no better way to use the Far Eastern Air Force than that."

Therefore, the U.S. Far East Air Force studied the logistics systems of the Volunteer Army and the Korean People’s Army, and concluded that “North Korea’s railway transportation system is of paramount importance to the Communist Army.” Therefore, it decided to implement a “comprehensive air blockade campaign” against the North Korean railway line. .They plan to destroy North Korea's northern railway system in about 90 days, "as far as possible to bring its railway transportation to a complete standstill", and attack the transport trucks of the Chinese and North Korean troops at the same time, in addition to guaranteeing ground support with 96 fighter-bombers every day. Except for military operations, all fighter-bombers and strategic bombers of the Far East Air Force and Far East Navy...are concentrated on this task.They are confident that "a general air blockade of the railway line will weaken the enemy so much that it can be easily defeated by a ground attack by the Eighth Army, or be forced to withdraw its troops automatically closer to the Manchurian frontier, so as to Shorten its supply lines." Ridgway approved the plan as "Strangulation War".

At this time, the combat aircraft of the United States invading Korea included fighter-bombers, light bombers, interceptors, strategic bombers, reconnaissance planes, carrier-based aviation, and airlift divisions based in South Korea, Japan, and Okinawa. More than 1700 frames.These included the most advanced F-86 jet fighter of the U.S. military at the time and the B-26 and B-29 strategic bombers that could carry thousand-pound bombs.Compared with the newly formed "Silver Eagle" of the Volunteer Army in terms of quantity and combat performance, it can be called a real "air superiority."

On August 18, 1951, while the US ground forces launched the summer offensive, its air force was also ordered to start a large-scale "strangling battle" with "primary tasks".At this time, it was the rainy season in North Korea, and a catastrophic flood, which was rare in 40 years, occurred and lasted until the end of the month, causing serious disasters. 94 railway bridges on major rivers were destroyed, and the longest interruption of transportation was as long as one and a half months. ; Highway bridges were also washed away by 50%.The Sandeng area, where the Volunteer Army's logistics materials are distributed, is flooded.All the railway corps, engineering corps, railway transport and automobile transport units of the Volunteer Army, as well as many North Korean soldiers and civilians, devoted themselves to flood fighting, emergency repairs, and emergency transportation.Most of the anti-aircraft artillery units are used to cover the construction of the airport in the area north of Pyongyang, and the air force has not yet completed preparations for combat.The U.S. Air Force took this opportunity to carry out devastating bombings section by section of the remaining railway bridges and railway roadbeds in northern North Korea with a large fleet of dozens to hundreds of aircraft every day.

From September to November, the U.S. Air Force bombed North Korea’s northern railway intensified month by month. In September, 3,027 sorties were dispatched, destroying 648 railway lines and stations, and 57 bridges; in October, 4,128 aircraft were dispatched, damaging 1,336 railways, and 53 bridges; in November, 8,343 aircraft were dispatched, damaging 1,937 railways times, 77 bridges were destroyed. The bombing in December was slightly lighter than that in November. 5,786 aircraft sorties were dispatched, 1,697 railways were damaged, and 101 bridges were damaged.During this period, the U.S. Air Force's bombing focused on the railways in the triangular area of ​​Sinanju, Giacheon, and Seopo, north of Pyongyang and south of the Cheongcheon River.This area is the throat of North Korea’s railway transportation. The enemy planes dispatched an average of 5 batches of more than 100 sorties every day. In 4 months, a total of more than 60,000 bombs were dropped, which is about 31,755 tons, with an average of 352 bombs per kilometer.During this period, the U.S. Air Force gradually reduced the bombing range in an attempt to make it irreparable and cut off the supply. It only dropped nearly 40,000 bombs on the 73.5-kilometer railway line in the "Triangle Area", which made it impossible to open to traffic 80% of the time.The railway in this area has changed from intermittent to intermittent.

Flood hazards and "strangling battles" have caused serious difficulties in the transportation of our army's materials.then.Our army must transport 2,500 wagons of supplies south of the Qingchuan River every month to maintain the minimum needs of the troops. In August, our army used engineering troops to organize water crossings in areas where river bridges were destroyed, used automobiles to organize reverse transportation in areas where railways were destroyed, and used trains to make full use of undamaged railways to scramble supplies. However, the railways that were able to maintain traffic at that time Less than 300 kilometers away, only 1,134 wagons were transported to the south of the Qingchuan River that month, which was far from meeting the needs of the front line.Therefore, at the end of August and the beginning of September, there was a food shortage in our frontline troops. Many second-line troops relied on wild vegetables to satisfy their hunger. On September 7, Commander Peng Dehuai fully reflected this situation in a telegram to Nie Rongzhen, acting chief of staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.The telegram said: "In the morning and evening, the autumn wind hits people, the soldiers are alone, the number of sick people has increased greatly in the past ten days, the flood has rushed, the enemy plane has bombed, the bridge has broken and the road has collapsed, the storage is empty, and the food supply is difficult. How to transport the winter clothes in a timely manner is pressing. ".

At this time, the Central Military Commission and the headquarters of the Volunteer Army have already determined: "The enemy's bombing of our railway is a strategic plan." Put pressure on me." Whether the transportation problem can be solved and the troops can have food is a major strategic issue for the Volunteer Army to continue to fight.In order to crush the "strangling war" and solve the transportation problem, the China-North Korea Joint Railway Transportation Headquarters with He Jinnian as the commander immediately took some emergency repair and transportation measures, and initially solved some emergency problems.The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China made an important decision in mid-September: to enrich the railway emergency repair force, according to He Jinnian's suggestion, add 9,000 recruits to the Volunteer Railway Corps, and temporarily assign 5 recruit regiments; deploy anti-aircraft artillery units to strengthen railways and river bridges They ordered the air force to dispatch to cover the railway transportation; dispatched a batch of bridge materials from the country to ensure bridge repairs, etc.In order to meet the urgent needs of life ahead, Zhou Enlai, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, instructed that the special forces units waiting to enter the DPRK should be transported slowly, and the transportation of ammunition and miscellaneous goods should be reduced, and the transportation of food, clothing and gasoline should be mainly guaranteed.

In order to implement these decisions and instructions, the Central Military Commission specially dispatched Lu Zhengcao, the transportation commander of the Military Commission, to Shenyang to host a transportation meeting to study and solve transportation measures in detail.It was determined at the meeting that: Liu Juying, deputy commander of the China-DPRK Joint Railway Transportation Command and director of the North Korean Border Railway Administration, returned to the front immediately after the meeting, and specifically commanded the deployment of emergency repairs, emergency transportation, and air defense struggles; One and more ways to use large vehicles.Accordingly, the rear troops of the Volunteer Army launched a full-scale struggle against the "Strangulation War". In December, according to the needs of the anti-"Strangulation War", the Front Railway Transportation Command with Liu Juying as the commander and political commissar was formed to uniformly command the struggle.

Under the command of the Air Force Command with Liu Zhen as the commander, the Volunteer Air Force, based in Anton, was ordered to adopt the policy of taking turns to fight in divisions from mid-September.This is the first large-scale dispatch of the Volunteer Air Force, and it is also the first large-scale dispatch of the Air Force in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.The first to dispatch was the 4th Division of the Volunteer Air Force, and then the 3rd, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 15th, 12th, and 17th divisions, a total of 8 divisions, successively launched operations in the anti-"strangling battle". The 18th Division also began to dispatch (the 16th Division began to participate in the battle in early 1953).Each division is equipped with 50 aircraft. Except for one regiment in the second division equipped with La-11 piston aircraft, the rest are MiG-15 jet fighters.According to the capacity limit of the Anton base and the needs of training troops in rotation, generally 2 to 3 divisions are engaged in each battle, and each division will be rotated after 2-3 months of combat.From the beginning of 1952, the 3rd, 4th, and 12th divisions with more combat experience took turns leading the new divisions to conduct actual combat exercises.

Our country has a very short history of forming the People's Air Force, and the time it took to organize the Air Force's combat units was even shorter. The pilots were trained and led by instructors from my country and the Soviet Union for a short period of time. When they participated in the war, they generally only had dozens of hours of flying experience, and the most were only more than 100 hours. This cannot be compared with American pilots who have experience in air combat in World War II.However, the Volunteer Army Air Force pilots have lofty ideals and patriotic enthusiasm, have rich combat experience in the Army, have a firm determination to kill the enemy, a tenacious fighting style, and a spirit of hard work and training. Made great achievements in infantry combat. From September 20th to October 19th, within one month, the 4th Division of the Volunteer Air Force dispatched 508 aircraft and conducted more than 10 large and small air battles. Among them, the enemy and us dispatched more than 200 aircraft in 7 large air battles and shot down the enemy plane. 17 aircraft, 7 enemy aircraft were damaged.From October 21 to January 14, 1952, the 3rd Division dispatched a total of 2,391 sorties in 86 days, conducted 23 large and small air battles, and achieved remarkable results by shooting down 54 enemy aircraft and damaging 9 aircraft.Many of the division's pilots achieved outstanding results.Among them, Captain Zhao Baotong shot down 6 enemy planes and damaged 2 planes.In addition, team leader Liu Yudi shot down 5 enemy planes and damaged 2; team leader Wang Hai shot down 3 enemy planes and damaged 2; pilot Fan Wanzhang shot down 4 enemy planes and damaged 1; pilot Jiao Jingwen shot down enemy planes 3 planes and 1 plane was damaged, they all won special merits and were awarded the title of first-level or second-level combat heroes.The frequent news of good news and the example of heroes have not only further enhanced the combat confidence of the volunteers and air force commanders, but also inspired the enthusiasm of the Chinese and North Korean people. The Volunteer Air Force launched an operation, which posed a huge threat to the U.S. air force invading North Korea.According to the history of the U.S. Air Force: "During the entire month of October 1951, the activities of the Communist Air Force in North Korea reached a climax, while the air superiority of the United Nations Army was in danger. The Far East Air Force also lost 7 aircraft in the air battle. F-86, 5 B-29s, 2 F-84s and 1 F-80. This month, Bomber Command suffered the largest loss of old B-29s since the Korean War. Before October, Bomber Command The Ministry lost a total of only six B-29s in air combat, yet in the last week of October, five B-29s were destroyed by enemy anti-aircraft guns or fighter jets, and another eight were seriously injured. In one week, 55 B-29 crew members died or went missing, and 12 others were wounded." Due to the attack by the Volunteer Air Force, in October 1951, the U.S. 5th Air Force had no choice but to decide that "his fighter-bombers will not carry out blockade activities in the MiG corridor in the future, and only the railway traffic in the area between the Qingchuan River and Pyongyang attack on the front line." U.S. Far East Air Force Commander Wayland decided to cancel all the large-scale bombing activities of B-29 aircraft during the day, and from October 29, the bombing activities of this type of aircraft were forced to be carried out at night.The U.S. Air Force authorities also decided to convert a brigade of F-80 fighter-interceptor aircraft operating in North Korea into an F-86 brigade in advance to strengthen its air combat capability.On January 4 of the following year, in his report to the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States, Ridgway admitted that "there was no way to prevent the enemy from transporting the supplies he needed for position defense, and he did not prevent the enemy from transporting his troops into North Korea." .” In the air battle on February 10, 1952, Zhang Jihui, captain of the 3rd Battalion of the 12th Regiment of the 4th Division of the Volunteer Air Force, led 6 MiG-15 aircraft over the vicinity of Naqingting, Taichuan County. , "Air Hero" Major George Davis led eight F-86 aircraft to fight fiercely.Our plane fought flexibly, shooting down 2 enemy planes and damaging one. Zhang Jihui, under the cover of wingman Shan Zhiyu, shot down the lead plane and wingman driven by Davis.Zhang Jihui won the special class and was awarded the title of first-class combat hero.Davis was a hero of the U.S. Air Force in World War II. The history of the U.S. Air Force wrote the following account of Davis being shot down: "On February 10, Major George A. Davis led the 4th Wing's 18 F-86s were on patrol to cover the fighter-bombers attacking the railway target near Junyu. Major Davis found contrails of enemy aircraft northwest of the Yalu River far to the west, so he and his wingman left The F-86 formation flew towards the Yalu River, intending to eliminate the threat of the enemy plane as soon as possible. After reaching the air combat area, Major Davis lowered the plane to 32,000 feet. The attack of the F-86 obviously surprised the enemy. Unexpectedly, two MiGs were shot down in just a few seconds, but when he approached the third MiG from behind, the fourth MiG rushed towards him from the seven o'clock direction. A barrage of shells knocked Davis to the ground. Major Davis was already the most accomplished jet ace pilot of the Korean War, holding the record for shooting down 11 MiGs and 3 Du-2 bombers Because he was particularly brave and good at fighting, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor by the U.S. Congress after his death." Davis' death not only affected the morale of the U.S. troops who invaded North Korea, but also caused a shock in the U.S. Far East Air Force and the United States. From September 1951 to June 1952, the Volunteer Army Air Force shot down and injured 144 enemy planes. They showed their skills in air combat, created unprecedented battles, and made contributions to ensuring the supply of combat materials for the Volunteer Army. While our air force was participating in the war, the Volunteer Army Command put the main force of the anti-aircraft artillery in North Korea into the struggle against the "Strangulation War".At that time, the Volunteer Army's anti-aircraft artillery in North Korea consisted of 4 field divisions of the 61st, 62nd, 63rd, and 64th divisions, four or five city defense regiments, and more than 50 independent battalions.The field anti-aircraft artillery divisions are each equipped with 48 85mm caliber medium and 37mm small antiaircraft guns, and 36 12.7mm caliber antiaircraft machine guns; 12 guns and 12 anti-aircraft machine guns (very).The Volunteer Army's anti-aircraft artillery units have a total of more than 800 small and medium-sized anti-aircraft artillery, which is less than half of the number of US military aircraft that invaded North Korea. The anti-strangulation battle of the Volunteer Anti-aircraft Artillery Corps is divided into three stages. The first stage, from late September to the end of November 1951.The Central Military Commission and the Special Volunteer Army Headquarters divided the North Korean Railway into four air defense zones based on the U.S. Air Force’s comprehensive bombing of the North Korean Railway, and designated the anti-aircraft artillery units stationed in each area by the Volunteer Army as an air defense combat unit. There is a total of 1 anti-aircraft artillery The regiment has 12 independent battalions.The Central Military Commission specifically emphasized in a telegram to Commander Peng Dehuai on September 24: "It must be stated that the head of the troops responsible for the above-mentioned air defense mission fully understands the importance of this mission and must not proceed from a partial point of view (such as reluctant to take troops, reluctant to not to supervise, not to inspect, or not to solve the difficulties in the cover, etc.), and to have long-term preparations, and not to withdraw the troops without an order.” Accordingly, the antiaircraft artillery units of the Volunteer Army covering the railway transportation are actively fighting and awarded to the U.S. Air Force to hit hard.The combat history of the U.S. Air Force admitted: "The artillery fire on the enemy's ground also caused great losses to the fighter-bombers of the 5th Air Force. For this reason. In September, 32 were shot down and 23 were damaged; in October, 33 were shot down 238 were injured; in November, 24 were shot down and 255 were damaged.” The U.S. carrier-based air force who invaded North Korea was very afraid of the accurate and violent anti-aircraft artillery firepower of the Volunteers along the Xinchengchuan-Plateau section of the railway, and called this area "" Valley of Death" rather than attack. Phase II, December 1951.The Central Military Commission and the Volunteer Army Headquarters concentrated the anti-aircraft artillery units behind the Volunteer Army, focusing on covering the triangular railway between the Qingchuan River and the soil. After late October, the U.S. Air Force concentrated bombing on the triangular railway north of Pyongyang and south of the Qingchuan River.According to He Jinnian's suggestion and with the approval of the Central Military Commission, all three field anti-aircraft artillery divisions and one city defense anti-aircraft artillery regiment used to cover the construction of the airport will be transferred in late November to strengthen the cover of railway transportation.At this time, the anti-aircraft artillery covering the railway transportation has reached 70% of the Volunteer Army's anti-aircraft artillery.In order to unify the command, the railway anti-aircraft artillery command post was formed based on the headquarters of the 64th anti-aircraft artillery division. Wu Changchi, the commander of the 64th anti-aircraft artillery division, was appointed as the commander. transportation. In December, my antiaircraft artillery unit covering railway transportation shot down 38 enemy planes and injured 68.Due to the strengthening of the air defense forces of the Volunteers in the Triangle Railway area, the U.S. Air Force has broken the key blockade of this area since late October. Since the beginning of December, all the railways in the Triangle area have been reopened to traffic, and many military supplies have been supplied to the Volunteer Army combat troops in time. The fighting spirit of the Chinese and North Korean soldiers and civilians is even higher. In the third stage, in early 1952, the U.S. Air Force was terrified of the relatively concentrated anti-aircraft artillery firepower in the Volunteer Triangle Railway area.Therefore, it was ordered to change the bombing area, and the method of frequently changing the bombing target was adopted to avoid the anti-aircraft artillery fire of the Volunteers. Beginning in early March, the "saturation bombing" method was adopted again, that is, avoiding the firepower of the Volunteer Army's anti-aircraft artillery to select the attack target. attack" in order to completely destroy these sections of railway lines. In view of the characteristics of enemy aircraft bombing, the anti-aircraft artillery of the Volunteer Army adopted the combat policy of "focus on defense and high mobility" by relying on limited anti-aircraft firepower. With one force, it focused on defending the main railway bridges and material storage areas, while the main force was on the railway line. The division is assigned to several city defense regiments and independent battalions, and several combat areas are divided to carry out extensive mobile operations.so.Our army has reduced the blank area of ​​​​air combat firepower along the railway line, and effectively attacked enemy aircraft. From late April to mid-May, the 605th Regiment of the 62nd Division of the Antiaircraft Artillery conducted 5 daytime swimming operations, shooting down and injuring 11 enemy aircraft each, without any damage to their own personnel and weapons, creating a new era of daytime swimming operations to wipe out the enemy. example. On May 8, the U.S. Air Force dispatched 485 sorties to bomb the warehouse area where the volunteers were located in Nantingli.The Volunteer Army's 24th Independent Anti-aircraft Battalion, which was tasked with covering targets in the area, fought with the enemy planes for 13 hours and set a record of shooting down 7 enemy planes and injuring 18 in one day. On the night of June 10th, the unit commanded by the 62nd Anti-aircraft Artillery Division, the searchlight unit and the aviation unit cooperated for the first time and shot down 3 of the 4 enemy B-29 aircraft that came to bomb the railway bridge over the Guoshan area in one fell swoop. In the first half of 1952, the anti-aircraft artillery of the Volunteer Army covering the railway transportation shot down 198 enemy aircraft and damaged 779 aircraft, which played an important role in smashing the US Air Force's "Strangling War". The troops responsible for the emergency repair task of the North Korean Railway are mainly the Volunteer Railway Corps led by Deputy Commander Li Shouxuan and Deputy Political Commissar Cui Tianmin. Aid Korea Railway Engineering Corps.There is also a railway engineering brigade of the Korean People's Army.In order to focus on ensuring the emergency repair of the triangular railway north of Pyongyang, the Railway Corps devoted half of its troops to this area.In order to reduce the bombing of bridges, the bridge troops adopted many methods to confuse enemy planes: some built bridge decks below the water surface, so that enemy planes could not find the target, and trains could still pass at night; some erected movable bridges and removed several holes before dawn , Set up after dusk, so that the enemy planes mistakenly think that there is no need to bomb.The emergency repair team also took technical measures such as replacing the large bomb crater with soil by using the sleeper bent method to speed up the emergency repair.The railway troops have heavy and difficult repair tasks and risk their lives. In addition to defending against air strikes by enemy planes, they must also eliminate unexploded bombs dropped by enemy planes, a large number of which are time bombs.These bombs fell into the ground several meters deep, the direction is uncertain, and they may explode at any time.In October 1951 alone, 108 time bombs were removed in the triangle railway area.The soldiers of the Railway Corps were not afraid of sacrifice and overcame all difficulties. They eliminated time bombs with a brave spirit and a scientific attitude, and many heroes and heroes emerged.Among them, Zhong Ying, a trainee staff officer at the headquarters of the 4th Division of the Railway Corps, was awarded first-class merit for eliminating 16 time bombs in a row for 3 days; First-class merit: From November 1951 to March 1952, Li Yunlong, a soldier of the 3rd Regiment of the 1st Division, dismantled 34 time bombs and taught 13 comrades to dismantle 47 time bombs. He won the first-class merit and was awarded the second-class title of hero.Li Shouxuan, deputy commander of the Railway Corps, rushed to the scene to command when the nationally famous climbing hero and the 1st Bridge Regiment of the 1st Division of the Railway Corps rushed to repair the No. 3 pier of the Dongqingchuan River Bridge on the Manpu Line.Yang Liandi, the deputy commander of the 1st company of the regiment, made many achievements in repairing the railway bridge. When he was directing the repair of the Qingchuan River Bridge, he was hit in the head by shrapnel from a time bomb thrown by a US plane and died gloriously.The Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea awarded him the title of "Hero of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea".The headquarters of the Volunteer Army named the company he was in during his lifetime as "Yang Liandi Company". Under the cover of the Volunteer Air Force and the anti-aircraft artillery, the railway troops worked hard to repair it. From the beginning of December 1951, the continuous opening of the Triangle Railway was guaranteed.The U.S. Air Force expressed resigned admiration for the ability of the Volunteers to repair the railway. On December 23, 1951, the intelligence department of the U.S. Fifth Air Force wrote: "The speed of the communist road repair troops can fill the bomb craters... F-80 pilot bombing The Communist Army was able to quickly repair the broken railway from the beginning of the strangulation battle." "The road repairers and bridge repairers of the Communist Army have smashed our blockade of the Pyongyang railway line. And won the use of Powers on all major arterial railway lines." In order to improve the road transportation situation, the Volunteer Army Command mobilized almost all the engineering regiments in North Korea and the infantry corps resting in the rear. Under the unified deployment command of the Volunteer Army Rear Service Command, they worked hard and resolutely completed the task.Hong Xuezhi, deputy commander of the Volunteer Army and commander of the Rear Service Command, went to the ferry to mobilize troops.He said concisely and deeply: "It is your honor to transport one more bag of grain across the river." The 22nd Engineer Regiment was not afraid of hardship or death at Anzhou Ferry. The arduous task of transporting thousands of tons of food and ammunition.They not only widened and strengthened the road in an all-round way, and built more than 200 kilometers of new roads, but also tried every means to build a large number of car shelters along the road; The anti-aircraft sentry serves as an air defense alarm for moving cars and directs traffic; when a car driver encounters an enemy plane bombing and strafing and cannot hide in time, he will apply an emergency brake to make the bullets or bombs fired by the enemy plane dive and shoot land ahead of time; stop immediately, and Immediately after the bombing or strafing, the enemy plane ignites the car wipes or waste oil barrels that have been prepared, pretending that the car has been hit, so as to confuse the enemy plane and protect the vehicle.In this way, the loss of cars is greatly reduced and the transportation capacity is greatly improved.According to statistics, during this period, the loss rate of the Volunteers’ cars decreased from nearly 50% in the early days of entering the DPRK to 2.3% in the first quarter of 1952; the transportation capacity from September to December 1951 increased by 95.6% compared with that from April to August, and from January to December 1952 In April, it was 19.8% higher than that from September to December in 1951.In his speech at the 24th meeting of the Central People's Government Committee in September 1953, Chairman Mao Zedong praised these mass creations of the Volunteer Army, saying: "Our cadres and soldiers have come up with various ways to fight the war. Let me give an example. In the first month of the war, we lost a lot of cars. What should we do? In addition to the leadership to find a way, we mainly rely on the masses to find a way. There are more than 10,000 people standing guard on both sides of the car road. When the plane arrives, the signal gun will be fired. When you hear it, run away, or find a place to hide the car. At the same time, the roads for cars have been widened and many new roads for cars have been built. Forty percent, reduced to a few tenths of a percent." The U.S. Air Force's "strangling battle" was originally planned to achieve its goal in about three months. However, due to the close coordination of the volunteer armies, arms units and the Korean People's Army, its "strangling battle" had already lasted more than four by the end of December 1951. Not only did it fail to achieve significant results, but it became more and more difficult to continue.But the U.S. military is still unwilling to give up.In Ridgway's opinion: "If the air blockade of communication activities is terminated or the scale of such activities is reduced, the enemy will be able to accumulate sufficient supplies in a relatively short period of time to be able to launch a sustained, large-scale offensive." Whelan announced at a press conference on December 26 that "the air blockade campaign will continue until" the tactical situation or the cease-fire agreement necessitates a change. By the spring of 1952, the effect of the "Strangling War" was becoming less and less ideal. Therefore, the officers of the US Far East Air Force became more and more taboo about the word "Strangling War".Later, the U.S. Air Force's war history wrote: "By the spring of 1952, the officers of the Far East Air Force thought that it would be good if the not-so-good code name of 'Strangle War' had already been deleted from the documents." April 12 of the same year When General Everest (commander, U.S. 5th Air Force) explained to journalists on 11 July, he tried to avoid using the term "strangling battle."He said, "The Battle of Strangulation was named after the short-term air blockade road plan in the past. The proper name of the air blockade campaign against the North Korean railway should be the air blockade railway plan." It is difficult to find a blank area for the Volunteers' air-to-air combat firepower on the railway line. On the one hand, its aircraft losses are getting worse and worse. Therefore, it is not enough to continue what they call the "air blockade railway plan".On this point, the combat history of the U.S. Air Force has not shied away: "By the end of April, the communist army had deployed anti-aircraft guns along almost all of their railways, and could hardly find a target without anti-aircraft guns. The strength of the fighter-bombers of the 5th Air Force was at 4 The month was at its lowest point, mainly due to the loss of 243 fighter-bombers by the 5th Air Force during the air blockade of the railway line, and 290 other tactical aircraft were also seriously damaged. The 5th Air Force received only 131 aircraft as compensation for these losses. The 49th and 136th Fighter-Bomber Wings were seriously short of aircraft, and they did not reach the number of 75 aircraft established by their superiors. 41 aircraft, the 136th has only 39." Under these circumstances, by June, the USAF had to stop the "Strangulation War" and admit that the "Strangulation War" had not achieved its purpose. The months of air blockade did not cripple the communist army enough to force it to accept the armistice conditions of the United Nations.” Both the U.S. Army and Navy believed that the “strangling battle” was also a failure in preventing the transportation of Chinese and North Korean troops.Van Fleet, commander of the U.S. Eighth Army, said at a press conference in Seoul on May 31, 1952: "Although the air force and navy of the coalition forces did everything possible to block the supply of the Communist Party, the Communist Party still fought with unbelievable tenacity. Perseverance, sending materials to the front line, and creating amazing miracles." The history of the US Navy said: "From the perspective of North Korea's entire air blocking war (that is, the "strangulation war"), only part of it was successful. That is, the naval and air force Coordinated sabotage did not prevent the enemy's supplies from moving to the front for the purpose of interdiction on the battlefield. Throughout the interdiction period, the enemy appeared to have sufficient strength to launch an offensive whenever it wanted to." The volunteer air force, anti-aircraft artillery, railway corps, engineering corps, and rear service troops worked together to smash the "strangling battle" of the U.S. Air Force. Combination, railway transportation and road transportation, from the rear material base to the front-line and front-line military transportation network, criss-cross transportation network, that is, "steel transportation line that cannot be smashed and bombed."Thus, the major strategic problem of transportation difficulties has been solved, and the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea has been effectively guaranteed.