Chapter 31 4. The Northeast Field Army has one million

To prepare for the decisive battle, expand and retrain the troops, and improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, especially the coordination ability of large corps operations and the ability to attack key cities in large and medium-sized cities, are of course the focus of the work of the Northeast Bureau. The first is to supplement the troops and expand the troops.Since great achievements have been made in the construction of base areas at this time, the main way for our army to expand is to mobilize farmers who have turned over to join the local army, and then from the local army to the main force, instead of transforming captive soldiers as it did when we first arrived in the Northeast. . On August 29, 1946, the Northeast Bureau issued the "Instructions on Supplementing the Main Force and Intensifying Operational Preparations", which stated:

Without a strong main force, which can be supplemented by a steady stream of troops, it is impossible to effectively and continuously attack and annihilate the enemy. Therefore, it is impossible to consolidate the local troops and ensure the fruits of the struggle of the base areas and the masses.Therefore, comrades in the local party and local corps should consciously act as so-called "soldier dealers" and realize that it is the responsibility of the local party and local corps to continuously replenish the main force. Each provincial party committee should be responsible for drawing 2,000 to 2,500 formed units from its own local corps, county brigade, and independent battalion in each work area to supplement the main force in each work area, so as to ensure that each main division and brigade eliminates the In addition to the existing three regiments, a supplementary regiment was added to enrich the division and brigade to about 10,000 people.

After the instructions of the Northeast Bureau were issued and gradually implemented, all localities began to replenish the main force with new soldiers.However, due to the heavy combat tasks at that time, new soldiers may go to the battlefield as soon as they join the army, and there is no time for training.However, some members of the local troops and county brigades did not leave their homes without full-time work, and had not undergone strict military training, so they could not adapt to the requirements of positional warfare.Therefore, the Northeast Bureau made a further decision on this basis to form second-line corps in various places.The method is to use some cadres and veterans of the main force as the backbone, and directly organize farmers and workers who volunteer to join the army into independent regiments for training.The training requirements must be carried out in accordance with the "Military Education Plan of the Independent Regiment" issued by the headquarters of the Democratic Alliance Army. After the requirements are met, the main force will be added.This plan started in August 1947. In half a year, 88 independent regiments with a total of 220,000 people were formed and trained, which achieved very good results.From the beginning of the formation of independent regiments to the end of the Liaoshen Campaign, a total of 189 independent regiments were formed in the Northeast, with a total number of 420,000 people, ensuring the victory of the Northeast Liberation War.

While actively developing the source of troops from the turned peasants, the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army did not give up on the transformation of a large number of captured soldiers, especially after the defection of the 184th Division. As mentioned earlier, in May 1946 in the Battle of Anhai in South Manchuria, when our army attacked Haicheng, the 184th Division of the 60th Yunnan Army of the Kuomintang declared an uprising under the leadership of Division Commander Pan Shuoduan.After the uprising, it was compiled into the Democratic Allied Army and sent to the Tonghua area for study and training.Due to the lack of education and transformation of this army, some of the stubborn reactionaries were somewhat accommodating. In particular, they were not sent to political work cadres in time to do political work. Under the collusion, they hugged into a ball.When the Kuomintang army launched an attack on our Tonghua area in October 1946, Yang Chaolun and others believed that our army could not win, so they violated Pan Shuoduan's order and dragged more than 1,000 people to defect.

The defection of the 184th Division sounded a wake-up call to the Northeast Bureau and the troops, and they decided to sum up the profound lessons learned this time, and pay attention to and improve the reform and education of captives and rebels. When the "Three Visits to the South of the Yangtze River" ended, a large number of captured Kuomintang officers were gathered together to form the "Harbin Liberation Army Officer Education Group" for centralized education and transformation. In January 1948, the Political Department of the Northeast Field Army also held a special "National Army Work Symposium" under the auspices of Director Tan Zheng, reviewing the instructions of the central government on the work of prisoners, studying the problems existing in the work of prisoners, and discussing some related issues. policies and methods.Since then, there has never been such an incident as the 184th Division mutiny in the Northeast. Many liberation fighters joined our army and became very good revolutionary fighters.For example, when Jinzhou was attacked in September 1948, Yao Shangyun, the battle hero Yao Shangyun who held up two grenades and rushed into the enemy's formation with only one person left in the squad, was captured by our Nine Columns and Seventy-four Regiment in 1947. liberation fighters.Our army's Harbin Liberation Army Officer Training Group, which specializes in reforming Kuomintang officers, has 15,533 captured Kuomintang officers who have come to study, including 29 lieutenant generals, 210 major generals, 397 colonels, and 1,484 lieutenant colonels and majors.After education and reform, only 76 people were finally sent to the Fushun War Criminal Management Center for further reform. The rest left the teaching group one after another, some went home, some joined the work, and some joined the People's Army.Some went to the Kuomintang army to instigate rebellion after going out, asking them to lay down their weapons and revolt and surrender.All of these fully demonstrate the remarkable results our army has achieved in reforming prisoners.

At the end of 1947, the number of our army's main force in the Northeast was equal to that of the Kuomintang army.By April 1948, the main force plus the second-line corps had reached a total of 988,000 people, becoming a veritable army of one million, forming an absolute advantage over the Kuomintang army, and making the most important preparations for the decisive battle. In order to meet the needs of the constantly evolving situation and enable the troops to conduct larger-scale operations, since the summer of 1947, the headquarters of the Democratic Alliance Army has successively adjusted the formation of troops throughout the Northeast, expanding and supplementing the old troops, and forming a new main column. On January 1, 1948, according to the order of the Central Military Commission, the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army was officially renamed the Northeast People's Liberation Army.The Northeast People's Liberation Army includes two series, the Northeast Military Region and the Northeast Field Army, but there is only one unified headquarters. The leading cadres of the Northeast People's Liberation Army and the organization sequence as of April 1948 are briefly introduced as follows (note: due to the expansion of the army at that time, The transfer of cadres is relatively frequent, so there are some repetitions in the following cadre list):

Lin Biao, commander and political commissar of the Northeast Military Region. First Deputy Commander Gao Gang. Luo Ronghuan, the first deputy political commissar. Deputy commanders Lu Zhengcao, Zhou Baozhong, and Xiao Jinguang. Deputy political commissars Chen Yun and Li Fuchun. Chief of Staff Liu Yalou, Deputy Chiefs of Staff Wu Xiuquan and Cao Xiangren. Tan Zheng, Director of the Political Department, and Zhou Huan, Deputy Director. Li Fuchun (concurrently) Minister of the Logistics Department. The Northeast Military Region is divided into twelve military regions: Cheng Shicai, commander of the Anton Military Region, Jiang Hua, political commissar, and Shaq, deputy commander.

Zhang Xuesi, commander of the Liaoning Military Region, Bai Jian, political commissar, Jie Fang and Zhao Jie, deputy commanders, and Liu Huinong, deputy political commissar. Chen Qihan, commander of the Southern Liaoning Military Region, Zhang Xiushan, political commissar, Bian Zhangwu, deputy commander, and Lin Yishan, deputy political commissar. Zhou Baozhong, commander of the Jilin Military Region, Chen Zhengren, political commissar, and Tang Tianji, deputy political commissar. Liaoji military commander Nie Heting, political commissar Tao Zhu, deputy commanders Gao Peng, Cai Silie, deputy political commissar Peng Jiaqing.

Ye Changgeng, commander of the Longjiang Military Region, Wang Heshou, political commissar, and Guan Qinghuan, deputy commander. Zhu Dixin, commander of the Nenjiang Military Region, Liu Xiwu, political commissar, and Zhao Chengjin, deputy commander. Chen Guang, Commander of the Songjiang Military Region, Chuck, Political Commissar, and Li Shouxuan, Deputy Commander. Luo Fu (Zhang Wentian), political commissar of the Hejiang Military Region, deputy commanders Li Jingpu, Yang Meisheng, and deputy political commissar Zhang Qilong. He Wei, political commissar of the Mudanjiang Military Region (revoked in July 1948), and Tian Song, deputy commander.

Yunze (Ulanhu), commander and political commissar of the Inner Mongolia Military Region. Cheng Zihua, commander of the Hebei-Chahar-Liaoning Military Region, Huang Kecheng, political commissar, Li Yunchang, deputy commander, and Huang Huoqing, deputy political commissar. Under the Jichareliao Military Region, there are three more military regions: Rehe, Jirecha, Jidong. The Northeast Field Army and the Northeast Military Region are a leading organization, but because the military region and the field army still have division of labor in some tasks, the list of leading cadres is slightly different.In the field army, Lin Biao only served as the commander, and Luo Ronghuan served as the political commissar (this is why people generally refer to the Northeast Field Army or the future Fourth Field Army as the "Lin Luo Army"). Chief of Staff Liu Yalou, Director of the Political Department Tan Zheng, There are Deputy Commander, Deputy Political Commissar, Deputy Chief of Staff, and Deputy Director of the Political Department.The difference is that the logistics minister and political commissar of the Field Army is Zhong Chibing.On August 14, 1948, before the start of the decisive battle, according to the instructions of the Central Military Commission, in order to concentrate its forces to fight a big battle, the Northeast People's Liberation Army carried out an upper-level reorganization, and the headquarters of the field army and the headquarters of the military region. The three parts of the book were divided into two series.From then on, Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Liu Yalou devoted all their attention to fighting in the front, and Gao Gang, Chen Yun, Li Fuchun and other comrades were responsible for the work of the rear military regions.

The organization sequence of the field troops affiliated to the Northeast Field Army is as follows: The First Front Command Post (later renamed the First Corps). The front command post and Corps of the Northeast Field Army are different from the Corps of the Four Fields. It is not directly under the fixed columns, but according to the needs of the battle situation. Period or in a certain battle, which troops to command) Commander Xiao Jinguang (concurrently), Political Commissar Xiao Hua, Deputy Commander Chen Bojun, Deputy Political Commissar Tang Tianji, Chief of Staff Xie Fang. Cheng Zihua (concurrently), commander of the Second Command Post (later renamed the Second Corps), political commissar Huang Kecheng (concurrently), deputy commander Peng Mingzhi, chief of staff Huang Zhiyong. At this time, the Northeast Field Army had 12 main columns and some other troops: Li Tianyou, the commander of the first column, Liang Biye, the political commissar, and Cao Lihuai, the deputy commander. The first vertical has three divisions under its jurisdiction: the first division has division Changjiang Yonghui and political commissar Wu Dai; the second division commander He Dongsheng and political commissar Liu Xingyuan; the third division division commander Peng Jingwen and political commissar Liu Xianquan. Liu Zhen, the commander of the Second Column, Wu Faxian, the political commissar, and Wu Xinquan, the deputy commander. The second vertical has three divisions: Chen Jinyu, the commander of the Fourth Division, and Li Xuesan, the political commissar; Wu Guozhang, the commander of the Fifth Division, He Dazeng, the political commissar; Zhang Tianyun, the commander of the Sixth Division, and Shi Ying, the political commissar. The commander of the three verticals Han Xianchu, the political commissar Luo Shunchu, and the deputy political commissar Liu Xiyuan. Three verticals have three divisions under their jurisdiction: Deng Yue, commander of the Seventh Division, and Li Boqiu, political commissar; Zuo Ye, commander of the Eighth Division, Liu Guangtao, political commissar; Xu Guofu, commander of the Ninth Division, and Tan Kaiyun, political commissar. Wu Kehua, the commander of the Four Columns, Mo Wenhua, the political commissar, Hu Qicai, the deputy commander, and Ouyang Wen, the deputy political commissar. The Fourth Vertical has three divisions under its jurisdiction: Cai Zhengguo, commander of the Tenth Division, and Ge Yanzhang, political commissar; Zhou Guang, commander of the Eleventh Division, Li Bingling, political commissar; Jiang Xieyuan, commander of the Twelfth Division, and Zhang Xiushan, political commissar. Wan Yi, the commander of the Five Columns, Liu Xingyuan, the political commissar, Wu Ruilin, the deputy commander, and Tang Kai, the deputy political commissar. There are three divisions under the Fifth Column: Xu Guofu, commander of the 13th Division, and Ding Guoyu, political commissar; Peng Longfei, commander of the 14th Division, Tan Wenbang, political commissar; Hu Jicheng, commander of the 15th Division, and He Shanyuan, political commissar. Huang Yongsheng, the commander of the Sixth Column, Lai Chuanzhu, the political commissar, Li Zuopeng and Yang Guofu, the deputy commanders. There are three divisions under the Sixth Column: Wang Dongbao, the commander of the 16th Division, and Zhang Chiming, the political commissar; Long Shujin, the commander of the 17th Division, Xu Binzhou, the political commissar; Wang Zhaoxiang, the commander of the 18th Division, and Chen De, the political commissar. Deng Hua, commander of the Seventh Column, Wu Fushan, political commissar, and Zeng Kelin, deputy commander. Seven verticals have three divisions under their jurisdiction: Xu Shaohua, commander of the 19th Division, and Deng Dongzhe, political commissar; Liu Shugang, commander of the 20th Division, Liu Yongyuan, political commissar; Li Huamin, commander of the 21st Division, and Zhu Minqin, political commissar. Duan Suquan, commander of the Eighth Column, Qiu Huizuo, political commissar, Zhang Tianyun, deputy commander, and Wang Yiqun, deputy political commissar. The eighth vertical has three divisions under its jurisdiction: Wu Lie, the commander of the 22nd Division, and Chen Renqi, the political commissar; Zhang Defa, the commander of the 23rd Division, and Xie Jiaxiang, the political commissar; Ding Sheng, the commander of the 24th Division, and Wei Zuzhen, the political commissar. Zhan Caifang, commander of the Nine Columns, and Li Zhongquan, political commissar. The Ninth Column has three divisions under its jurisdiction: Zeng Yongya, commander of the 25th Division, and Xu Guanghua, political commissar; Xiao Quanfu, commander of the 26th Division, Li Zhensheng, political commissar; Ren Changhui, commander of the 27th Division, and Wang Wen, political commissar. Liang Xingchu, the commander of the Ten Columns, and Zhou Chiping, the political commissar. Ten verticals have three divisions under their jurisdiction: He Qingji, commander of the 28th Division, and Yan Fusheng, political commissar; Liu Zhuanlian, commander of the 29th Division, Zhuo Xiong, political commissar; Fang Qiang, commander of the 30th Division, and Kong Shiquan, political commissar. Eleventh vertical commander He Jinnian, political commissar Chen Renqi, deputy commander Zhou Renjie. There are three divisions under the eleventh vertical division: Ou Zhifu, the commander of the 31st Division, and Xie Tongzhong, the political commissar; Li Guanghui, the commander of the 32nd Division, and Liu Luchang, the political commissar; Zhou Renjie, the commander of the 33rd Division, and Zhong Wenfa, the political commissar. Zhong Wei, the commander of the 12th Column, Yuan Shengping, the political commissar, and Xiong Botao, the deputy commander. The Twelfth Vertical has three divisions: Wen Yucheng, the commander of the 34th Division, and Tan Youlin, the political commissar; Wang Kuixian, the commander of the 35th Division, and Su Zaishan, the political commissar; Shen Qixian, the commander of the 36th Division, and Wang Jianzhong, the political commissar. Artillery commander Zhu Rui, political commissar Qiu Chuangcheng, deputy commanders Jia Tao and Kuang Yumin. Su Jin, commander of the Road Guard Army (later renamed Railway Column), and Wang Guangwen, deputy commander. The cavalry division (later distributed to each column) was Wang Minggui, commander, and Zhu Jixian, political commissar. Below the headquarters, there were 11 separate divisions.The number of independent divisions is not fixed, because when the main column is reduced, the independent division may serve as a supplement to the main column, and then form a new independent division from the second-line corps. Among the millions of Dongye troops, there is also a very important team that is rarely recorded in the organization sequence in various military history works. It is called the technical reconnaissance team of the Second Bureau of Dongye Headquarters. During the period of the Central Soviet Area, Cao Xiangren, who once served as the head of the Deciphering Section of the Central Red Army (officially known as the Fourth Division of the Second Bureau of the Central Military Commission) and wrote the book "General Introduction to Cryptography", now serves as the deputy chief of staff of Dongye and the second bureau chief.Cao Xiangren came to Northeast China in May 1947 as the director of the Second Bureau of the General Staff of the Central Military Commission. After a year of hard work, the total number of people in the Second Bureau exceeded 400, with more than 120 scouts and more than 60 Decoders are equipped with more than 40 radio stations. They can decipher almost all the codes of the enemy army, intercept almost all the telegrams of the enemy army, and understand almost all the dialects used by the operators in the country.During the war, more than 100 pieces of valuable intelligence can be provided to the head of the headquarters every day.Lin Biao once commented that this team "is no less effective than several columns". When one team after another is formed and expanded in the Northeast, when the battle is getting bigger and bigger, it is the most important responsibility of cadres at all levels to pay close attention to training and education.The Northeast Field Army Headquarters (referred to as "Eastern General" at the time) did a lot of useful work in this regard in order to prepare for a comprehensive counter-offensive. In the training of Dongzong, in addition to regular supervision and inspection of various units, the emphasis is on the training and education of cadres at all levels.When the Northeast Bureau had just gained a firm foothold in the Northeast, in February 1946, based on the personnel from the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University from Yan'an, the Northeast Military and Political University was formally established, and Lin Biao was concurrently the principal and Peng Zhen was concurrently the principal. As the political commissar, He Changgong, who served as the vice president, and Wu Jizhi, who served as the deputy political commissar, were in charge of specific school affairs for a long time.Every time there is a gap between battles, the school will train cadres at all levels in rotation, and Lin Biao often goes to the school to teach in person.What Lin Biao talked about the most was "one point and two sides" and "four fast and one slow".Regarding "one point and two sides", it has already been introduced earlier.The "four fast and one slow" was summed up by Lin Biao after the Siping in the summer of 1947.What is "four fast and one slow"?On February 17, 1948, Lin Biao gave a lecture to the middle-level and above-level cadre training team of the Military and Political University: "Four fast and one slow" was not invented by us. This principle has existed since there were wars in the world. First, advance quickly towards the enemy.For example, if you are attacking a certain place, you are afraid that the enemy will run away, so you must move forward quickly.Enemies are counted in normal time.But we didn't follow his calculation, we left during the day and at night, and rushed in front of him all at once, making it too late for him to deal with it. Even if he withdrew, he needed time. This is the principle of speed. Second, it is faster to make preparations after the enemy is discovered.Looking at the terrain, choosing a breakthrough, building fortifications, bundling explosives, mobilizing, mobilizing troops, and arranging firepower, etc., you are sweating profusely, and you have to be fast. Third, it is faster to expand the results of the battle after the breakthrough. Fourth, the enemy has completely retreated and left the position. We must be quick in our pursuit. "One slow" refers to when to slow down and what things to slow down?That is, the timing of launching the general offensive should be slow.When it comes to this issue, you have to be calm, and the superiors urge you to scold me, and send correspondents to urge you left and right, so you have to be calm. Anyway, I have to be ready before calling. If the "four fast and one slow" is not realized, the "one point, two sides" tactic cannot be realized. The method of "four quicks and one slow" is the key to implementing "one point and two sides", and "one point and two sides" is the most important thing in our tactics, and "four fasts and one slow" is the method to achieve this tactical goal.The purpose of our warfare is to annihilate the enemy, and our method is the "one point, two sides" tactic; but to realize the "one point, two sides" tactic, we must implement "four fast and one slow", and this is their relationship. Lin Biao has been in command of operations for many years. Apart from his own control of strategic issues, the requirements for the troops on tactical issues can be summed up as "four fast and one slow" and "one point and two sides".This is Lin Biao's magic weapon for defeating the enemy tactically for many years. Before the start of the decisive battle, the Northeast Field Army also made two important preparations. One is the matter of the command organization, that is, on March 25, 1948, the only field army staff meeting in the Northeast Liberation War was held in Shuangcheng, where the East Field headquarters is located.Lin Biao gave a report on "How to Make the Headquarters a Competent Commanding Organ" at the meeting.The meeting lasted for 22 days, and the center was to study how to make the headquarters at all levels adapt to the requirements of "big corps, regularization, and tough battles" so that "big corps, regularization, and tough battles" became the general policy for future army building operations.This meeting was a good preparation for the upcoming Armageddon. The other is for the entire army, that is, after the end of the winter offensive in 1947-1948, around the general requirement of "large corps, regularization, and tough battles", a large-scale military training was launched in the Northeast. There are political reorganization of the army aimed at clearing up ideas, rectifying the team, and improving combat effectiveness, as well as military training with the main content of tackling tough and in-depth operations.At that time, the main method of our army's attack was blasting, so all the troops specially strengthened the training in this area and trained a group of blasting experts.In addition, special training has been done on breaking down and climbing city walls, dealing with tanks and armored vehicles, and constructing and destroying various fortifications.This training has greatly improved our army's ability to fight tough battles and prepared for the upcoming decisive battle.