Chapter 22 1. During the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Northeast was "fighting"

During this period, the main task of our Northeast Army was to mobilize the masses and train the troops.There were not many battles, and the reason was that at this time the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were negotiating peace, and the Kuomintang government and the Soviet government were also negotiating.Therefore, the entire Northeast war situation is about fighting and fighting, fighting and stopping from time to time.From a national point of view, the Northeast fought the most fiercely, and people at the time called it "small fights inside the pass, big fights outside the pass".

On August 30, 1945, our Jireliao troops attacked Shanhaiguan and fired the first shot to liberate Northeast China.Just two days before this, that is, on August 28, Mao Zedong went to Chongqing to hold peace talks with Chiang Kai-shek. The Chongqing negotiations went on for 43 days in full swing.During this period, my 100,000 troops were rushing from the mainland to the northeast day and night. On December 16, 1945, under the promotion of the US government, the KMT and the Communist Party decided to hold talks again.On this day, Zhou Enlai led a delegation to Chongqing. On January 10, 1946, an armistice agreement was reached, the armistice agreement was officially signed, and the Executive Department of the Tripartite Military Mediation Office of the Republic, the Republic and the United States was established.According to the armistice agreement, from midnight on the 13th, all domestic military operations must be stopped.On the same day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a truce notice signed by Chairman Mao Zedong.During this period, Du Yuming was attacking Rehe, occupied Fuxin, and cut off the connection between the liberated areas in Guannei and the Northeast.According to the armistice agreement reached by the three parties, the national ceasefire should be realized on the 13th. On January 12, in order to implement the armistice agreement, the central government ordered Lin Biao and Huang Kecheng in the northeast to stop all attacks.However, the Kuomintang did not abide by the armistice agreement. It not only occupied Yingkou, which was originally stationed by our army, but also captured Chaoyang, Baishou, and Lingyuan successively in early January before the ceasefire.On the 13th, Hiraizumi was captured, and then the white flag was waved on the battlefield, calling for a ceasefire.Our army couldn't bear it anymore. On January 14, Wu Kehua's department of our army launched a fierce attack with two regiments and took back Yingkou from the 25th Division of the 52nd Army of the Kuomintang Army.In the previous two days, Huang Kecheng's troops also captured Tongliao, an important town in western Liaoning.

In view of the development of the situation in the Northeast during this period, and in view of the fact that Chiang Kai-shek did not conscientiously implement the four tacit agreements between the two parties on the Northeast issue in the armistice agreement (mainly our side agreed with the Kuomintang army to enter the Northeast, but all movements of the Kuomintang army in the Northeast must be Report to the Executive Department of the Military Mediation Office), so on January 13, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a special instruction to the Northeast Bureau, and all attacks by the Kuomintang army against me should be resolutely fought back.At this time, Lin Biao always believed that the ceasefire agreement was a conspiracy by the enemy. While reporting his views to the Central Committee, he issued two consecutive orders on January 15. The order said: "The current situation is still in turmoil. Prepare for war, only war can win peace!" The reason why Lin Biao took such actions was because the Kuomintang army was massively increasing its troops to the northeast during this period.In the name of helping the Kuomintang government to take over the sovereignty of Northeast China, the U.S. Seventh Fleet continuously transported the Kuomintang’s New First Army, New Sixth Army, Sixtieth Army, Seventy-first Army, and Ninety-third Army to Qinhuangdao and Huludao for landing.Even with the consent of the Soviet army, the Kuomintang troops reached Shenyang on January 15 and occupied a large area without firing a single shot.At this time (January 10-31), the Political Consultative Conference was meeting in Chongqing.

Of course, this kind of situation is not unique to the Northeast. The executive teams sent by the Executive Department of the Military Mediation Office in Beiping are also very busy in various places, because the civil war has not stopped.Both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are seizing the opportunity and striving to take the initiative. In order to combat the enemy's continuous attack, persist in self-defense, and strive for peace through struggle; in order to defend the achievements that have been achieved, to gain the trust of the masses; Let the enemy learn a lesson and attack the enemy's arrogance.Another important reason for fighting this battle is that the Soviet army is about to withdraw from the Northeast, and the Kuomintang army will inevitably take this opportunity to attack us on a large scale and occupy more areas. It is impossible for us not to counterattack.In response to the situation in the Northeast, the Central Military Commission telegraphed the Northeast Bureau and Lin Biao: "If the Kuomintang attacks me without negotiating with me, if the friendly side (note: refers to the Soviet Army) does not resolutely oppose it, I will give it to you under the reasonable condition of complete defense. The tenacity of the offensive is determined by the blow of complete annihilation."

This battle was the first battle Lin Biao fought after arriving in the Northeast - the Battle of Xiushuihezi. In order to open up the Beining Line (that is, the railway from Beiping to Shenyang), on February 9, 1946, Du Yuming gathered 4 American equipment divisions to "sweep" from the Xinmin Line to the east in three routes. Pointing to Liaozhong, they clamored "we must wipe out the communist army along the railway line." Lin Biao's headquarters was located in Faku, and he had Liang Xingchu's 1st Division and Peng Mingzhi's 7th Brigade ready. On February 11, two regiments of the 89th Division of the 13th Army of the North Road enemy army arrived at Xiushuihezi between Faku and Xinmin, and started a day's schedule with the main force behind them.Lin Biao ordered Liang Xingchu to lead the first division and Peng Mingzhi to lead the seventh brigade to dispatch at the same time, together with a regiment from the first security brigade, they quickly surrounded Xiushuihezi on the 12th.Our troops besieged with four regiments, and three regiments fought for reinforcements.Seeing that they were surrounded, the enemy immediately organized a breakout, and was pushed back by me, so they could only stick to it and wait for help. Our army launched a strong attack on the night of the 13th, and ended the battle in the early morning of the next day. The four battalions that were surrounded were completely annihilated, and the reinforcements from the Second Division of the 52nd Army of the enemy were repulsed. More than two hundred cars.

The Battle of Xiushuihezi was our army's first victory in the Northeast.But later our army fought another defeat that should not have been lost. At the same time that the enemy army on the north route was wiped out in Xiushuihezi, more than 3,000 people from the 66th Regiment of the New Sixth Army of the enemy army on the south route plus a division teaching battalion also arrived at Shaling on the south bank of the Liaohe River on the 11th.What our army used to deal with this enemy army was Wu Kehua's Four Columns.The New Sixth Army is an old unit of the Kuomintang army that has expeditions to India and Burma. It is one of Chiang Kai-shek's five main forces. Its combat effectiveness is quite strong. Not only are all American weapons, but also new gadgets such as smoke bombs that our army has never seen.After stationing in Shaling, the enemy rushed to repair the fortifications and set up barbed wire.Our army has no idea about the New Sixth Army, and somewhat underestimates the enemy.

Therefore, the attack started on the 16th, and after two days of fighting, they failed to win. Only more than 400 enemies were wiped out, and their own casualties exceeded 2,000, so they had to withdraw.When summing up after the war, Lin Biao pointed out two points: one was that the elite troops were not well organized, and the other was that the enemy was underestimated.The defeat of Shaling sounded a wake-up call for our army commanders. The battle between Xiushuihezi and Shaling has another important meaning, which is to let everyone understand: peace talks are peace talks, and wars are wars.Regardless of the progress of the peace talks in Chongqing, we must seriously prepare for war.

At this time, the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party entered a new stage, that is, Marshall, the special envoy of the US President, and Zhang Zhizhong, the chief representative of the military mediation office of the Kuomintang government, visited Yan'an on March 4, 1946, and discussed with Mao Zedong face-to-face the issue of the armistice in Northeast China. On March 27, the three parties of the Military Mediation Office signed the "Agreement on Mediating the Armistice in the Northeast".There seems to be another glimmer of hope for peaceful coexistence in the Northeast.However, when Marshall requested to send a military deployment team to the Northeast as soon as possible, he was rejected by many parties from Chiang Kai-shek.

On the one hand, Chiang Kai-shek was conducting peace negotiations, and on the other hand, he was transporting troops to the Northeast Starry Night.Chiang Kai-shek also understood the importance of the Northeast in his heart, and pointed his offensive spearhead at the Northeast.Just in March and April of this year, six armies, including the five main forces of the Kuomintang army, the New First Army and the New Sixth Army, were transported to the Northeast, with a total strength of 310,000. Based on the analysis of various situations, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China saw the true face of Chiang Kai-shek's false talk and the seriousness of the Northeast issue.As Zhou Enlai said: "The crux of the armistice order lies in the Northeast", and the Northeast issue is "the focus of the struggle". In early March, Zhou Enlai approached Marshall several times to discuss the Northeast issue, but because of Chiang Kai-shek's stubborn attitude of insisting on full acceptance and our army's withdrawal, it was impossible to continue the discussion. On March 11, Marshall returned to China to report on his duties, and Chiang Kai-shek immediately deployed an offensive in the northeast.According to this situation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on the Northeast Issue", pointing out that while the Central Committee tried its best to strive for an armistice through negotiations and negotiations, the Northeast Bureau should actively prepare to crush Jiang's attack.At the same time, the central government decided not to send more troops and cadres to the Northeast. In the future, work and operations in the Northeast should rely on existing forces. On March 23 and 24, Mao Zedong issued consecutive instructions to the Northeast Bureau, pointing out that before the possible truce in the Northeast, when the Soviet army retreated soon, the Kuomintang army would desperately attack and seize the territory, while our army must sacrifice to defend it. strategic location.So, be prepared to fight big.

According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the Northeast Bureau and the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army Headquarters made some preparations, and the original 10 military regions were merged into four, namely, the four major military regions of East Manchuria, South Manchuria, West Manchuria, and North Manchuria. At this time, the total strength of the region was 310,000. On March 26, 1946, the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army issued an order to prepare for battle. Lin Biao also took the command organization from Fushun to Siping, because Siping was particularly important at this time. If necessary, it should be "determined to stick to Siping."