Chapter 13 3. Sino-Soviet talks in Yan'an

It can be seen from the above-mentioned instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that how to deal with the relationship with the Soviet Union at that time was a very delicate issue. Just as our army was advancing day and night to the northeast, the Soviet government, in accordance with the "Yalta Agreement" signed by the governments of the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Kingdom in February 1945, on August 14, 1945, foreign minister Molotov and the Kuomintang government foreign minister Wang Shijie The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance was signed in Moscow.In addition to stipulating in the treaty that the Soviet Union would maintain certain privileges in the Northeast region such as Dalian Port, Lushun Port, and the Zhongchang Railway, the Soviet Union would withdraw its troops from the Northeast three months after Japan surrendered and return the Northeast to the Chinese government, that is, Nationalist government.The Kuomintang government immediately announced this treaty to the whole country.It is precisely in view of this treaty that the Central Committee of our party put forward some specific measures mentioned above in the instructions to the whole party.Because the Central Committee of our party has already estimated that the Soviet Union "is restricted by the Sino-Soviet Treaty, and will inevitably return the three eastern provinces to the Kuomintang government, and the Kuomintang government will also enter the three eastern provinces. After our party enters the three eastern provinces, the Red Army will definitely not be willing to make formal contact with us or Help us."However, since the Sino-Soviet Treaty also clearly stipulates non-interference in China's internal affairs, and within three months, it is absolutely impossible for the Kuomintang government to control all of Northeast China, so we can completely control most of the areas within three months.In particular, Rehe and Chahar are not within the scope of the three northeastern provinces. Therefore, the central government pointed out:

"The two provinces of Rehe and Chahar are not within the scope of the Sino-Soviet treaty, and I must completely control them." Although our party made some estimates of the problems that might arise between China and the Soviet Union in the Northeast at that time, and proposed some solutions, conflicts between the two sides would always arise, and negotiations must be held. The earliest attitude of the Central Committee of our party towards the Soviet Union's activities in the Northeast was obtained from the Shandong side. In late August, the Jiaodong Military Region of the Shandong Military Region sent a reconnaissance team from the sea to the Liaodong Peninsula in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee. After landing in Zhuanghe, they went to Dalian to contact the local Soviet army. The head of the Soviet army in Dalian said : The Red Army only controls the big cities, they do not interfere with the activities of the Eighth Route Army in the countryside, nor do they interfere with the non-armed activities in the cities.The Shandong Military Region quickly reported the situation to the central government.On September 11, the Central Committee issued an instruction to the Shandong Military Region, asking them to immediately deploy 12 regiments, under the command of Xiao Hua, to enter the Northeast by sea, and to use the name of the Northeast Volunteer Army to mobilize the masses in the countryside and small and medium-sized cities to establish political power.

However, what happened in Shenyang was much more complicated. On September 5, the Zeng Kelin Department of our Jireliao Army entered the urban area of ​​Shenyang after negotiating with the Soviet Army.This was the first time in the 14 years since the "September 18th" that the people of the Northeast saw the Chinese army from the interior, so they were very warmly welcomed by the people of the Northeast "Welcome to the King".Our advance column took the opportunity to organize the Provisional People's Government, with Jiao Ruoyu as the mayor; established the Shenyang Garrison Command, with Zeng Kelin as the commander; for 20,000 people.They also took advantage of the opportunity of the Soviet army to let them guard the Japanese army's munitions warehouse, and moved out more than 30,000 guns to arm the troops.On this basis, our army set out to restore order in the name of the Shenyang People's Government and the Shenyang Garrison, suppressed traitors, and went out to take over other areas.This time, the Soviet Union disagreed, saying that the big city can only be handed over to the Kuomintang government, and that our army should withdraw from Shenyang immediately.Of course our army will not agree.Under such circumstances, Marshal Malinovsky, the commander-in-chief of the Soviet Army stationed in the Northeast, accepted Zhou Baozhong's suggestion and decided to send someone to have a direct dialogue with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

On September 15, 1945, an unannounced military plane landed at Yan'an Airport.Walking down from the top were Zeng Kelin, then Commander of the Shenyang Garrison, Lieutenant Colonel Belurosov, the representative of the Soviet Army, and an interpreter.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China received the guest, and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De and representatives of the Soviet Army had a conversation.Belurosov just conveyed Malinovsky's four-point statement, the center of which is to ask our army to withdraw from the areas occupied by the Soviet army. After the Soviet army withdraws from the Northeast, how the Chinese soldiers will enter is up to the Chinese themselves. Non-interference in China's internal affairs.

From the afternoon to the evening of the 15th, under the chairmanship of Liu Shaoqi, an interim meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was held.The meeting first heard Zeng Kelin's detailed report on the situation in Northeast China.According to Zeng Klin's report and the statement conveyed by Belurosov, after discussions at the meeting, two important decisions were made: (1) Immediately establish the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee composed of Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, Cheng Zihua, Lin Feng, and Wu Xiuquan, with Peng Zhen as secretary. (2) Dispatch cadres of 100 regiments from North and Central China to the Northeast, without using their original designations and identities, to prevent the Soviet Army from discovering them, and to act entirely in the name of the Northeast local troops.

The meeting also decided to send a letter back to Malinovsky, stating that our party would withdraw its troops from the Soviet-occupied areas such as Shenyang, Changchun, Dalian, and Hiraizumi. Base areas established during wartime should be allowed to remain. The above decision was immediately reported to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai who were negotiating with Chiang Kai-shek in Chongqing.Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai also immediately called back to agree. In order to hurry up, six people, including Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, and Wu Xiuquan, who are in charge of the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, flew to the Northeast on the afternoon of September 17, the second day after the Central Committee made a decision. , began to lead the work in the Northeast region.

One thing is worth mentioning.Since the leading cadres of the Northeast Bureau had to conduct a lot of contacts and negotiations with the leading cadres of the Soviet Army after they arrived in the Northeast, and the officers of the Soviet Army all had military ranks, and officers were commensurate with their ranks.Our army has never implemented a military rank system, and all leading cadres in the army do not have military ranks, which is very inconvenient in dealing with the Soviet army.The leaders of the central government knew that some leaders of the Soviet Union looked down on the style of Chinese cadres, so they made an unexpected decision. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China temporarily awarded military ranks to several leading cadres who went to the Northeast: Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, and Ye Jizhuang (press: The leading cadres of our party who have been engaged in economic and trade work for a long time, served as the head of the General Logistics Department of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army after arriving in the Northeast, and then the Minister of the Foreign Trade Department of the State Council in 1949). The three were awarded the rank of lieutenant general, and Wu Xiuquan was awarded the rank of major general.Several of them appeared as lieutenant generals and major generals when they first arrived in the northeast to negotiate with the Soviet army.Although their ranks were no longer used after the initial negotiations with the Soviet Army, this was the first time in the history of our military that they were awarded ranks.

Because the plane broke down while refueling at Shanhaiguan Airport, Peng Zhen and his party arrived in Shenyang the next day.This day happens to be the 14th anniversary of the "September 18th" incident.