Chapter 11 Chapter 11 Evacuation of Red Yan'an

Peng Dehuai came to Jinpen Bay for the second time, specially drilled into the depths of the dense forest called Biaojiatai in the middle of the defense line of the teaching brigade, and carefully checked every path against the map.Although the gray earthen padded jacket was scratched several times by the thorns in the woods, Peng Dehuai was in a good mood. He praised Brigadier Luo Yuanfa and Chief of Staff Chen Haihan to the reconnaissance company for intercepting the enemy's jeep, saying: " We would not have thought of this gap if they hadn't sent a copy of the "Soldier's Topography Survey Map". We always thought that he was a young soldier who couldn't bear hardships, and the place with spikes could be left undefended. Take a look, What a terrible human subjective prejudice! We all have to put our ass up against the board..."

After dinner, Peng Dehuai held a meeting of cadres above the regiment.After listening to the report, Mr. Peng told everyone that since Chiang Kai-shek's "comprehensive attack" on the liberated areas was changed to a "focused attack" on Shandong and northern Shaanxi, Chairman Mao's policy was to "defend and develop the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and the Northwest Liberated Area..." This is what Mao Zedong said after the negotiations in Chongqing. Its essence is to seek peace and development through war. The focus is to win the many with the few and the strong with the weak.This operational principle puts high demands on the art of battlefield command.However, in the battle of Xihuachi... Peng Dehuai believed that "it was only a half-baked fight", "it was not a good fight", "1,500 enemies were wiped out, but we paid the price of more than 1,200 people. With our current strength, Fighting against the enemy, isn't that nonsense?" Peng Dehuai also said this at the summary meeting of the Longdong Campaign a few days ago, but that time he slapped the table to say it, and today he repeated the old saying, and his voice was much gentler , but it is enough to show that he is brooding about it.

Hu Zongnan's soldiers are pressing down on the border, and He Long, the commander of the Jinsui Military Region, is stuck in Jinsui... This is a critical moment, and Peng Dehuai has an impulse in his heart, and he keeps rushing. The Central Military Commission has made a decision to voluntarily withdraw from Yan'an, and Peng Dehuai, as the chief of staff of the Military Commission, went to the southern front to listen to opinions.He told Luo Yuanfa and others that the enemy's assault focus is likely to teach the brigade to defend the area.It will take time for the transfer of government agencies and schools in Yan'an and the evacuation of the masses.

Peng Dehuai asked: "How about it, how many days can you support?" The answer was 5 days.Peng said 7 to 10 days is sure?Luo Yuanfa and Chen Haihan answered confidently in unison.Peng Dehuai was a little dissatisfied with how quickly they answered.He said: "Don't make high-profile, think about it, there are still other problems, such as the assessment of various training personnel, the problem of blocking information in the defense system, the coordination of joint departments, and the education of liberation fighters. In particular, the ideological preparation of the troops to endure hardships and toil, to fight tough battles and fight hard battles, must not be sloppy at all! They are several regular divisions, not kidding."

Luo and Chen scratched their heads embarrassingly. Of course there was a problem. How could there be no problem with a brigade fighting against a regular army equipped like 38 Dagai and guarding a defense line of hundreds of miles?But do these questions still need to be asked?They know that what they usually say about sharing worries for the Party Central Committee is also not a high-profile sentence. Peng Dehuai saw the thoughts of the two subordinates, shook hands with them, and calmed down his tone: "Stop as much as possible, and kill the enemy. But don't stick to it, don't compete with the enemy, try to defend for a week, the longer the time, the central The authorities will be able to withdraw from Yan'an, the better off you will be. Your brigade is the leading role in this line. Whether you can fulfill the intentions of Chairman Mao and the Military Commission depends on how well you fight! You must know that the enemy we face is powerful. In terms of numbers and equipment, we They are all weak. I, Peng Dehuai, have neither reinforcements nor too much ammunition, and we all rely on our loyalty to the party and the people."

Peng Dehuai was about to return to Yan'an on the road.Luo Yuanfa and several leading comrades of the brigade headed off one way after another. There was no need to say anything to each other, and everyone just walked silently along a small path at the bottom of the plateau.Turning around a ditch, Peng Dehuai waved his hand: "Okay, don't give it away, go and do your work." After finishing speaking, he beat his horse and left.He didn't say a word until Yan'an.The accompanying staff officers were already used to Peng Dehuai's silence before the war, and no one disturbed him.But they didn't know at that time that there was another reason for Peng Dehuai's silence along the way.

That night, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi were studying the problem around the brazier, when the curtain was lifted suddenly, and Peng Dehuai entered.Mao Zedong raised his head in surprise: "I was talking about you, so you came. When did you arrive?" As he spoke, he picked up the cooking pot on the brazier and poured a glass of boiled water for Peng Dehuai.Peng Dehuai was also polite, picked it up and took a sip. Zhou Enlai received an ultimatum from the Kuomintang Capital Garrison Command and had just withdrawn from Meiyuan New Village in Nanjing to Yan'an two days ago. It was the first time he met Peng Dehuai, so he was very pleasantly surprised.The two came together, held hands and looked at each other.Peng Dehuai said: "I'll report..." Then he opened a defense determination map brought back from the teaching brigade.

Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi all looked at each other and smiled knowingly. Zhou Enlai: "Mr. Peng still has the old style. What the chairman talked about at the Anti-Japanese University was this kind of fighting style. Do what you say, do it vigorously and resolutely!" Mao Zedong nodded and asked kindly: "Old Peng, tell me quickly, how is the situation on the southern line?" At this time, the map in Peng Dehuai's hand was unfolded on the table, and he took out half of a pencil from his pocket, and drew on the map: "After seeing a teaching brigade, I turned back from Jinpenwan to Sansilipu, and went to I saw Xi Zhongxun and Zhang Zongxun in the tea house in Fu County. Generally speaking, the situation is good. The morale of the troops is strong, and the commander is very determined. Fortifications have been built for more than 100 miles from Fu County to Lin Town. But There are also a small number of comrades who haven’t figured it out yet and are unwilling to give up Yan’an for fear of smashing pots and pans. I have explained the principle of traveling lightly, and there is no problem. Now we must pay close attention to three things..."

"Which three things?" Mao Zedong asked with a cigarette between his fingers. "First, the troops have too little ammunition, with an average of less than ten bullets per shot, and some mortars have only twenty shells per gun, so it must be resolved as soon as possible; second, the evacuation of the central and Yan'an agencies is too slow, It’s too late, this won’t work. The determination must be decisive, and the speed must be accelerated. Especially the central government must make up its mind to withdraw from Yan’an as soon as possible; third, it must immediately establish a Northwest battlefield command organization. If you don’t come, these brigades in northern Shaanxi, plus more than 20,000 logistics personnel, will the Military Commission consider letting me take command temporarily?”

Mao, Zhou, and Ren exchanged excited glances, and the three nodded almost simultaneously.Mao Zedong took the lead in saying: "Very good! The central government agrees with your opinion. We will hold a meeting later, make a decision, and make a formal appointment." Zhou Enlai added: "The work can be done first, time is very tight!" "Is there any other request?" Mao Zedong asked. "There is nothing else to ask for, just give me a few people." "Man, it's easy to solve," Mao Zedong said generously and excitedly.He walked up to Peng Dehuai, stood there, pursed his lips and smiled, expressing emotion, "Old Peng, you are pleading for your life in danger, to share the party's worries, your courage shines on the sun and the moon, and your loyalty will last forever! The central government thanks you."

Mao Zedong was so poetic, but he embarrassed Peng Dehuai. He said honestly: "The chairman is serious. I am the interim generation. Save the situation. When Comrade He Long returns to Yan'an, he will still be invited to command." Mao Zedong waved his hand: "I don't care, anyway, Yan'an will be handed over to you, Lao Peng. The party, government, military and civilians, tens of thousands of people, including my head, will all be handed over to you!" Peng Dehuai immediately set about matching the team.He transferred Zhang Wenzhou from the Northwest Bureau to be the chief of staff, and asked the third bureau to be equipped with two hand-cranked radios, and he also transferred several staff officers and translators. A small headquarters of fifty or sixty people was immediately established.Immediately afterwards, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an order on March 16: All troops in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region were under the command of Peng Dehuai and Xi Zhongxun.He Long's position is still the commander of the Jinsui Military Region, and he is also in charge of the rear work.Subsequently, Ren Bishi was made the secretary-general of the Central Committee, and Zhou Enlai was the chief of staff of the Military Commission. Around midnight on March 8, Hu Zongnan left Xi'an mysteriously, with only two attendants, except for the guards, the other was Xiong Xianghui.The whereabouts of the three of them are absolutely secret. Instead of taking a car or riding a horse, they first take a special train to Tongguan (now Tongchuan), and then change their outfits—take off their officer uniforms and put on soldiers' gray cotton military uniforms, then abandon the train and wait for the train. The little jeep there was sent to Luochuan. At that time, Pei Changhui, Xue Minquan, and Wang Chaofan, director of the political department, had arrived early and set up the "advance command post".In the base camp of the Sui Department in Xi'an, only Sheng Wen, a solitary housekeeper, was left. The special train didn't drive fast, it was extremely smooth.This is in line with Hu Zongnan's state of mind.He pretended to be leisurely and leisurely, opened the book at hand, and by the dim headlights, he just read the excerpt from "Linjiang Fairy" at the beginning of the volume: "The rolling Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves scour the heroes. ..." After a few sentences, Xiong Xianghui interrupted him with a report. According to Hu Zongnan's order, Xiong Xianghui came to submit the first batch of Xinhua News Agency news transcribed.There were five telegrams in that neatly written copy, the main content of which was the news of the mobilization meeting of all walks of life in Yan'an that was broadcast by Xinhua News Agency in the early morning of the 9th.At this meeting of more than 10,000 people, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and Peng Dehuai all made speeches.The meeting was unprecedentedly grand. Except for the employees of government agencies and school teachers and students who had not yet been transferred, the vast majority of the participants were farmers and militiamen who came from around Yan'an.The entire venue was crowded with people, red-tasseled guns, rifles, and thousands of arms raised high, blending together like a forest, expressing the anger of the Yan'an army and people against Chiang Kai-shek and their determination to defend their homeland to the fullest! This is an invigorating oath meeting.Peng Dehuai was emotional from beginning to end.He stepped onto the stage, and before he could speak, his whole body was burning hot.Yan'an, an earthen city supported by kiln roofs, has been the red capital for 10 years.In the minds of ordinary people, it is a pillar that stands upright to the sky. During the Anti-Japanese War, there were so many storms and dangers, but now it is going to be handed over to Hu Zongnan before the cannon is fired, which makes people somewhat worried.Therefore, Peng Dehuai's words are extremely targeted.He said: "In 1935, Liu Zhidan in northern Shaanxi had only more than 3,000 people. Later, Xu Haidong came, and there were only more than 3,000 people; in the end, the Central Red Army only had more than 7,000 people in northern Shaanxi, and there were only 15,000 people in total. How many enemies are there? ? I remember that there were 101 regiments, 300,000 people. The KMT and Communist forces were 20 to 1. We were invincible from the south to the west, from east to west. , Yan Xishan was frightened and couldn’t sit still in Taiyuan, Ma Hongkui lost his troops and generals, and Hu Zongnan was defeated in Shancheng Castle! In the end, even Lao Jiang also learned his lesson in Lintong. Today is different, Hu Zongnan only has 35 regiments, and we compare At that time, the 15,000 was much more!" Peng Dehuai stopped abruptly, and asked the audience loudly, "Comrades say, can we win?" "We will definitely win!" More than 10,000 voices answered in unison. Peng Dehuai was full of joy: "Yes, we will definitely win!" He couldn't help waving his powerful arms and roared, "We won the battle 11 years ago, we won the battle now, and we will win the battle in the future! All of us Unite, build a militia guerrilla, cooperate with the regular army to fight, resolutely defend the border area, defend Chairman Mao, and let Hu Zongnan come and go!" At this moment, the whole audience was boiling. The men waved their hands and shouted slogans; the women's voices were louder than the men: "Sisters, when the men go to the front line, we women will do the work in the rear, make military shoes, and fight against the wall. Don't give Hu Zongnan that bastard a grain of food, starve them to death..." Of course, the news that Hu Zongnan read was far less lively.Through those well-grammared wordings, he actually had a whimsical feeling.To be honest, Peng Dehuai at that time had not yet entered his sight.After carefully reading "Commander Zhu's Speech" and "General Zhou Enlai's Speech", Hu Zongnan suddenly asked Xiong Xianghui: "Why didn't Mao Zedong attend such a big scene?" Xiong Xianghui turned his head and answered wittily: "Mr. asked me, who should I ask?" Hu Zongnan smiled and said: "Yes, you are as ignorant as I am..." After thinking for a while, Hu asked again, "Tell me, is it 'General' or 'Chief Commander'?" Xiong Xianghui guessed what Hu Zongnan was thinking, and said, "I thought that 'general' can be big or small, and 'commander-in-chief' is just 'commander-in-chief'." Hu Zongnan suddenly realized: "No wonder, Zhu De is the 'commander-in-chief', while Zhou Enlai has more seniority and a higher position in the Communist Party than him, but he is called 'general'. I think there is something in calling Zhou Enlai 'general'!" Xiong Xianghui pretended to be surprised: "What articles are there?" Hu Zongnan said to himself: "Duke Zhou... he... Could it be that he is in command of this battle?" Hu Zongnan decided that Luochuan's military meeting should be held in a decent manner.The so-called "presence" means that in addition to the preparations for mobilizing teachers and mobilizing people, the time for formal meetings must be short and powerful, and a large number of programs that are more important than the topics of the venue in Hu Zongnan's view are individual summons after the meeting. Therefore, when the Luochuan meeting, which lasted only half a day, came to an end, the martial law in the whole city of Luochuan could not be lifted.In Luochuan Middle School in the northwest corner of the small town, Chevrolets and American-style jeeps still gathered like dark clouds and did not leave.At the official meeting, Hu Zongnan's work was only to announce the "president" order and clap the subordinates' speeches. The main agenda, such as presiding over speeches and introducing combat plans, were all completed by Deputy Commander Pei Changhui and Deputy Chief of Staff Xue Minquan.Only now did he begin to "explain a few words" to the army, division commanders, chiefs of staff at two levels, the chief of the Seventh Supply District, the commander of the Air Force's Third Military Region, and the commander of the special forces. According to Xue Minquan: "The total strength of the Communist bandits in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region is very pitiful. The so-called regular troops are only guarding the first brigade, the third brigade, and a brigade with an unknown number. The total strength is no more than 20,000. The local troops are miscellaneous, and the maximum number does not exceed 50,000."He judged, "The main force of the Communist Party's army has been assembled on the line of Linzhen Town, Jinpen Bay, and Laoshan, and only a part of the troops are left near Yan'an..." There is no doubt that Hu Zongnan's determination is based on this.On the whole, the troops were divided into two groups. The right route was led by Dong Zhao, the commander of the First Army, and his 7 reorganized brigades, which were divided into two groups from Wazi Street in Yichuan and marched northward, passing through Linzhen Town to the Guaimao area in the northeast of Yan'an. Stand by; the commander on the left is Liu Kan, commander of the 29th Army.He led 8 brigades to attack northward from the area east of Luochuan and close to the right-hand army, passing through Niuwu Town and Jinpen Bay, and arrived at the Zaoyuan area north of Yan'an, where they stopped and stood by. Dong Zhao and Liu Kan became Hu Zongnan's second generals Hu Zongnan.Another important figure is Liao Ang, the protagonist of the Battle of Guanzhong and the commander of the reorganized 76th Division.This time Liao was ordered to lead two brigades as the general reserve team, responsible for supporting Dong and Liu in the battle.In addition, He Wending, the commander of the reorganized 17th Division, also shouldered a heavy responsibility. Hu Zongnan ordered him to lead Chen Zigan's brigade to attack northward from Luochuan along the Xianyu Highway, focusing on paying attention to the enemy's situation on both sides of the highway.After arriving in Ganquan, he took on the task of guarding the road from Fu County to Yan'an.Only when the roads are unimpeded can military supplies be continuously delivered to Yan'an.The rear transportation is in charge of the Reorganized 144th Brigade.The brigade is stationed in Luochuan, which is considered the most stable, most inconspicuous, yet pivotal position. The half-day conference was not without its highlights.The humming performance of Dong and Liu at the meeting provided the basis for Hu Zongnan's post-meeting speech.Dong's indifference and Liu's cautiousness are both attitudes that Hu Zongnan tried his best to criticize.However, Wang Yingzun, the commander of the reorganized 27th Division, took advantage of it. In his speech, he first expressed his confidence in attacking Yan'an. At the same time, he believed that preparations for war were a prerequisite for victory. Ammunition is being replenished, and the attack time originally scheduled for March 12 seems too tight. Hu Zongnan admired Wang Yingzun's strength very much, and immediately discussed with Pei Changhui, and agreed to Wang Yingzun's request to postpone the attack time by one day.Delaying the time of ground attack does not mean doing nothing in the air.Just when Hu Zongnan took the lead in applauding Wang Yingzun's speech, the Kuomintang army planes had already flown over Yan'an, and dozens of bombs were dropped with hammers here and there! In this regard, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China did not expect it.These days, the work schedule in Yan'an is calculated in minutes and seconds, with frequent messages and orders.While summarizing the battle of Xihuachi in depth, on March 6, the Military Commission ordered Chen Geng, Commander of the Fourth Column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Field Army, Xie Fuzhi, Political Commissar, Wang Xinting, Commander of the Taiyue Military Region, and Sun Dingguo, Deputy Commander, to order them to Unexpectedly, the enemy raided Zhanyan Township, Shanxian County, Mianchi, and Xin'an, kicked Hu Zongnan in the back, and completely paralyzed Longhai Road to cooperate in the defense of Yan'an and rescue Li Xiannian's Fifth Division; on March 7, Zhang Zongxun and Xi Zhongxun were ordered by telegram On the basis of the existing line of defense, they are required to build a third defensive position between Laoshan and Sanshilipu, Nanniwan and Sanshilipu and to the east; on March 8, all walks of life in Yan'an defended Shaanxi-Gansu The battle mobilization meeting of Ning, Defender Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao was held... Peng Dehuai has fully entered the role.Although he is the vice chairman of the Military Commission and the chief of the general staff, he is still extremely cautious when he starts to direct this battle about the life and death of the head office.After the frontier inspection and rear mobilization were basically ready, he and Liu Shaoqi, director of the General Political Department, summoned the cadres above the brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region to the small auditorium of the Zaoyuan Military Commission. Compared with the mass mobilization meeting in Yan'an, Peng Dehuai was much calmer.Everyone sat down, without any opening remarks, Peng Dehuai opened his mouth and said: "The enemy has 43 brigades with 320,000 troops on the Northwest battlefield. Except for nine brigades guarding Xinjiang, the remaining 34 brigades with 250,000 people are all in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. In the border area, there are 20 brigades belonging to Hu Zongnan, with a total of more than 170,000 people; Zhang Zhizhong, the director of Northwest Xingyuan, and Ma Bufang and Ma Hongkui, the deputy directors, have 12 brigades with nearly 70,000 people; There are more than 12,000 people in two brigades. As for us, there are 7 brigades of field troops at full strength, which is 16,178 people. Let’s do the math, how much is it? It doesn’t count Zhang Zhizhong, Ning and Qing Erma, nor Deng Baoshan. The ratio of Hu Zongnan's troops to ours is ten to one! What's more, we have more than 10,000 people, and we can't all pull them to northern Shaanxi. The reason is simple: the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region has a total population of just over 1.5 million, and the land is barren , when so many people come up, how to solve the food, clothing, and use of the soldiers? The basic material supply is difficult, coupled with poor weapons and equipment, and a shortage of ammunition..." Speaking of this, Peng Dehuai paused, took a sip of water from the rough porcelain bowl: "So, Hu Zongnan is very comfortable, eats well and sleeps soundly, and has been busy with his army and division commanders in Luochuan these two days. The dinner party is taking pictures again, I heard that there are a lot of novels prepared at hand!" Liu Shaoqi interjected: "They threatened to occupy Yan'an within three days, so as to announce the good news to their president and present a generous gift to their Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee." As soon as everyone heard this, there was a lot of discussion: "Fuck it, cowhide king!" These words were heard by Peng Dehuai, and he quickly waved his hands: "No, this is not bragging! If we are negligent, it is not impossible for Hu Zongnan to occupy Yan'an in three days! Hu Zongnan can't brag, we can't brag, and we can't brag. Victory, everyone must remember!" Liu Shaoqi stood up with a serious expression and a sincere tone: "Comrades, the Central Committee's decision to abandon Yan'an is not about escapism, but to lure the enemy to go deeper. Hu Zongnan has to pay a price for occupying Yan'an! We are determined to deal with the enemy in the mountains north of Yan'an , trapped the enemy in the plight of exhaustion and lack of food. At that time, Hu Zongnan's people will be exhausted, horses and food will be depleted, we can seize the favorable opportunity, concentrate our superior forces, and eat them one bite at a time during the campaign, turning defeat into victory!" Peng Dehuai emphasized: "This is the combat policy of the Military Commission. Do you hear clearly? 'Give up' is not 'run away', and 'retreat' is not 'defeat'. As long as we have the initiative on the battlefield, we can win with the weak and the strong, and with the few." , it can be done!" Everyone was encouraged, and the applause couldn't help ringing.Amid the applause, Hu Zongnan's plane came over Yan'an. Few people cared that there was a small reception before the Great War.It is said that it was caused by Mao Zedong's guard Yan Changlin.Because Yan was transferred from the Sixteenth Regiment of the New Fourth Brigade, the officers of the New Fourth Brigade got the honor of going to the ordinary cave dwelling in Wangjiaping to listen to Chairman Mao's earnest teachings.In fact, I am afraid that because the officers and soldiers of the New Fourth Brigade were all wearing yellow clothes and yellow hats, the interview was meaningful.Anyway, brigade commander Zhang Xianyue was still uneasy about this interview.He felt that the situation was so urgent and the chairman was so busy that he couldn't waste too much time, so he sat down and said briefly: "Chairman, Yan'an can't be kept, those of us who eat military rations... isn't it too cheap? His surname is Hu?" All of a sudden, his heart troubles poured out: it is said to "give up" voluntarily, and then eat the enemy one bite at a time, is that okay? Mao Zedong was not in a hurry to answer, but smiled and beckoned everyone to sit down beside him, and took out a cigarette from the cigarette case to smoke.He said while puffing on his cigarette: "Comrades can't turn the corner, can they?" The officers looked at each other awkwardly, lowered their heads, and smiled honestly.Mao Zedong looked around everyone, flicked off the cigarette ash, and stared intently at the wisp of smoke floating in his hand, "Yes, after ten years of eating rice in Yan'an, it's emotionally impossible for everyone to leave Yan'an immediately!" Mao Zedong didn't look directly at everyone, and his expression was a little sad, "For ten years, the people of Yan'an supported us. We opened caves with them, learned from Marxism-Leninism in the caves, trained cadres, led the national anti-Japanese war, and directed the struggles in various base areas. It was life and death. We depend on each other and we share weal and woe. It can be said that the millet rice in Yan’an has nurtured our generation! Now that the enemy is coming, we leave the fellow villagers behind and leave, which one is not uncomfortable..." Everyone noticed that the chairman's cheeks were slightly red, and his eyes were a little moist.He stopped for a while, sighed softly, extinguished the cigarette in his hand vigorously, put the remaining half of the cigarette back into the cigarette case, stood up again and raised his voice: "However, the enemy is coming fiercely, and their forces are quite concentrated. With our current strength Let me tell you, I still can’t eat this lump all at once. Tell me, what should I do?” Everyone didn't know how to answer the chairman's words, and all looked at the brigade chief.The deputy brigade commander Cheng Yuechang glanced at the brigade commander Zhang Xianyue, and the brigade commander Zhang nodded knowingly, stood up and held his chest in self-criticism: "Chairman, if there is a battle in Xihuachi..." Mao Zedong interrupted him and said: "Needless to mention Xihuachi, this is a reconnaissance battle for the enemy's massive attack on Yan'an. Our troops participating in the battle have done our best. In other words, you have done what you should do, three-five-eight The brigade also did what they were supposed to do. They didn’t fight well, and there were some casualties. It doesn’t matter. Victory or defeat is a common matter in military affairs. After fighting this battle, I learned Hu Zongnan’s fundamentals, which will benefit future operations. Why not?" He still pulled the topic to Yan'an in front of him: "Hu Zongnan's troops are ten times stronger than mine. Compared with them, there is a huge disparity in strength. We can only continue to implement the principle of concentrating superior forces and destroying the enemy's vital forces, and actively defend!" Mao Zedong lit the cigarette butt that he had just extinguished, and said: "Giving up Yan'an is temporary. You will see that Hu Zongnan's occupation of Yan'an is by no means a victory. On the contrary, it is the beginning of their failure. We must strive for For a greater victory, why not exchange Yan'an for the whole of China?" As he spoke, his brows unknowingly stretched, "I'll give you sixteen words..." After hearing the sixteen words, everyone immediately immersed themselves in their notebooks and prepared to record them.Mao Zedong stretched out a finger, and announced word by word: "These sixteen words are, 'If you save people and lose land, all people and land will survive; if you save land and lose people, all people and land will be lost'!" He emphasized, "You The cadres must first thoroughly understand the morals in this, and then go back to educate and convince the soldiers." After finishing the sixteen words, Mao Zedong listed many examples of gains and losses of "people" and "land" since the Second Civil Revolutionary War. The more everyone listened, the more enlightened they became, and their worries gradually disappeared, and they simply took out all the knots in their hearts.I don't know who asked: "Chairman, you want to fight such a big battle in northern Shaanxi, but northern Shaanxi is only a little bigger than your palm. How do you set up the battlefield?" "Oh, that's a good question! Let me make a metaphor." Mao Zedong approached the cadre who asked the question with great interest, "Didn't you all help the folks in northern Shaanxi to push the mill and crush it? Just the stone Mills and stone rollers grind all the grain harvested by villagers into fine flour and fine rice. This is the method we use. Northern Shaanxi is small, but the terrain is dangerous, and we are familiar with it. Northern Shaanxi has a small population, But the conditions of the masses are good. You go and take the enemy and grind them on this stone mill in northern Shaanxi. I don’t believe that you can’t grind Chiang Kai-shek’s hundreds of thousands of troops to pieces!” Mao Zedong used such a simple principle to explain clearly the future world-famous competition.Obviously, defending Yan'an is just a prelude.Through this prelude, Mao Zedong wants to mobilize hundreds of thousands of troops from both the enemy and our sides to "crush" them in the mountains of the northern Shaanxi plateau. This is the official chapter.The most important thing now is that the internal defense in depth, if supported independently, may delay Hu Jun for about 10 days at most.Chen and Xie's 5 brigades' outer-line relief actions will inevitably cause some reactions from Hu Jun, which will help the inner-line defense.However, to obtain this effective cooperation, the internal defense must have 20 days of resolute resistance.How to deal with this time difference?It requires not only the ingenuity of the strategy, but also the actual efforts of the frontline officers and soldiers. If something goes wrong in any link, all previous efforts will be wasted.Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai, and all the leading comrades of the Central Military Commission are sweating here, which is difficult for thousands of ordinary soldiers in grassroots companies to understand. Of course, fighters have fighter responsibilities.They have to use their courage and superb martial arts to meet the test. Therefore, in addition to fighting, the upsurge of large and small military training is the opportunity for them to show off their skills.At this time in northern Shaanxi, it is still expected to be cold in spring.The turmoil in the upper strata did not seem to have much impact on the small mountain villages around Qilipu and Liushudian on the outskirts of Yan'an.The 358th Brigade withdrawn from Xihuachi is making a fuss about the enthusiasm of an ordinary soldier in training.The soldier's name was Ding Chouwa, and he sounded like a child from a poor family.He is from Ningxia, his father was exhausted working for the landlord, and his mother was raped by the Kuomintang.Ding Chouwa was very "blessed" as soon as she became a soldier, and she was assigned to the Eighth Regiment and Sixth Company, which later had the famous title of "Hard Bones". Ding Chouwa became a 60 gunner.He is not very old, but he is particularly able to endure hardships. During the march from Jinsui to northern Shaanxi, in addition to carrying his own small steel cannon, he also rushed to carry rice bags for other comrades along the way.At that time, shoes were very expensive, and Ugly Baby brought a pair of mille-soled cloth shoes from home, which were given to him when he parted from his sister, and he was a soldier for more than half a year, so he was reluctant to wear them.But when he saw that the feet of a new soldier in the same class were frozen, he immediately gave the shoes to his comrades.During the short-term training, he practiced throwing grenades. His arms were swollen and he couldn't hold the bowl after eating. It doesn't hurt anymore..." Ding Chouwa became a model soldier of the company "serving the people", but Xia Wei, the instructor, was too busy.After two nights in a row, I wrote a manuscript, submitted it to the tabloids in the border area, and published it.From then on, almost everyone in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region knew that there was a Ding Chou baby in the 358th Brigade. Ding Chouwa is certainly not the only one.In the same company of heroes, there is another well-known character who is as famous as the ugly baby, and his name is Liu Sihu.Coincidentally, Liu Sihu and Ding Chouwa were in the same class, and their class leader was Yin Yufen, the famous "Assassination King".Liu Sihu is from Suiyuan. He was an apprentice and waited on people since he was a child. He did hard work for six years without earning a copper coin.The father who was a plasterer was also forced to hang himself by the landlord bully.Therefore, Liu Sihu is a warrior without a smiling face.He is still just a recruit now, and his spring training in less than two months has shown his excellent qualities. It can be said that it is the starting point for a hero.He has a catchphrase: "On the battlefield, as long as I don't die, I will kill him!" He joined the army for less than a month when he was a junior, and he had just learned "preparation with a gun". The comrades-in-arms in the class were a little worried for him, saying that Huzi, if he can rush down behind everyone's buttocks, it will be enough to let out a few bullets, and don't fall behind.Unexpectedly, he would risk his life as soon as he entered the battlefield, and he would rush wherever the bullets were dense.He said I wasn't afraid, and there was only one thought in his mind - "Fuck him!" The battle of Xihuachi was not a very good battle as a whole, but it was a brilliant victory for Liu Sihu personally.At that time, the company's assault failed and was blocked in a courtyard by enemy fire. No one in the company could raise their heads.In desperation, Liu Sihu volunteered to act as a cover, letting others rush out, and he drew away the enemy's machine gun.As a result, he was shot twice in the leg, and he fell down, shouting for other comrades to rush out.In the end, I pulled the two grenades off the wire loops and tied them to my arms, preparing for the enemy to die together when the enemy approached. I just frightened the enemy, and no one dared to approach him.When summing up, the company asked him to talk about his experience. Liu Sihu said that the first experience of being injured was: being killed on the battlefield is an honorable death, which is better than father being forced to hang himself by the landlord; Not afraid of death, not afraid of death can kill the hope of survival.Later, these words became the mantra of many soldiers in the company. Mao Zedong's "stone mill" and "stone mill" were pushed by soldiers with thick arms and thick legs like Ding Chouwa and Liu Sihu.This advantage is incomparable to Chiang Kai-shek.Chiang Kai-shek's soldiers are private money in Hu Zongnan's pocket, and he will never be able to get rid of that illusory camouflage.Therefore, although Hu Zongnan held a wine glass at the Nanjing Ministry of National Defense dinner and told him again and again that "Yan'an can't be taken down, the students are willing to accept the military law", he still avoided the face and asked in a low voice: "Do you have any questions?" Are you absolutely sure?" When Hu Zongnan was full of resentment and looked hurt, he had no choice but to give up. Chiang Kai-shek had nothing to say, and could only use a plausible smile on his face, like dealing with a creditor in a business field, and repeatedly said to this student he had to trust, "Air Force, easy to say! The battle plan, I signed... ..." Then, all he could do was sit by the radio station 24 hours a day and take a nap. On March 11th, the US military headquarters threw a group of reporters with blue eyes and big noses to Yan'an.Regardless of whether it is due to military or political considerations, the Yan'an decision should be treated with courtesy.Mao Zedong said that the visitors are all guests, so let them take a last look at Yan'an to be a witness in the future. These American journalists came to this remote Chinese mountain city from the other side of the ocean, and they all seemed very excited.Before leaving Yan'an to fly to Peiping on March 13, many of them did not know what was going to happen next. Hu Zongnan almost lost his patience!Instead of reading the novel as planned, he stared wide-eyed at the plane taking off from Yan'an Airport.Then, impatiently, he gave the push order.At the same time, the People's Liberation Army Teaching Brigade, the Seventh Guard Regiment and other units deployed on the front line fought back.After three days and three nights of fierce fighting, Hu Zongnan was stunned: with 12 brigades, he didn't make any achievements! On March 16, Mao Zedong, in the name of the chairman of the Central Military Commission, ordered the border troops to quickly adjust their deployment and form three defense groups to fully resist Hu Zongnan's attack from three different directions.Starting from March 17, the defense of all troops will be under the full command of Peng Dehuai and Xi Zhongxun.These three defensive directions are: with the Duyi Brigade, the 358th Brigade, and the 7th Police Regiment as the right wing, under the command of Zhang Zongxun and Liao Hansheng, organize in Daozuofu, Ganquan, Xiaolaoshan, Qingbeigou, and Shanshenmiao areas. Defense; the teaching brigade organized defense in Nanniwan, Jinpenwan, Linzhen, and Songshuling areas; the second column of Wang Zhen of the Shanxi-Sui Military Region crossed the Yellow River to join the battle, and served as the left wing with the teaching brigade.The New Fourth Brigade is located in the center, organizing defenses in Miaoerliang, Chengzigou, and Sanshilipu areas, and resolutely resisting the enemy who broke through the defense line from Nanniwan to Yan'an. The hardships of the first three days gave Hu Zongnan a memory, and he stopped letting the infantry go to waste in vain. As soon as he came up, he took on the posture of a master using troops, no matter what happened, the planes and artillery bombarded with ping-pong-pong first.Then, the whole battalion and battalion charged forward, killed one group, and then came up again, as if he knew the details of the People's Liberation Army's only ten rounds per person, and deliberately wanted to send out the opponent's foreign similarities, and only dropped them on the front of the first column. The "Left Corps" of the Hu Army, with as many as eight brigades.Each wave of charge is from far to near, all over the mountains and plains, and the heads are like black sesame seeds, densely dotted, so that the recruits don't know who to aim at. 一纵独一旅最初阵地是在麻子街、白家山、大劳山、杨家科地带，三五八旅七一六团在甘泉西北山，重点保障独一旅右翼安全。七一五团、八团等部队，都在稍稍靠后的大劳山、杨家科一线设防，充当二梯队。一旦前面防线被冲垮后，他们就成了一梯队。这样交替掩护、节节撤退，让胡宗南每推进一步都付出惨重代价。同时，那种破阵得胜的感觉也益发鲜明。他倚着上风口越打越精神，命令整二十九军十七师、三十六师、七十六师及十五师的一三五旅，倾巢出动，从洛川、旧县地区出发，沿途轰轰大响，阵容一派风光。早在进攻之前，胡宗南就许下金诺：谁先攻占延安，重赏百万！ 这话传到下面越吹越走样，有说加官晋级的，有的把100万说成了300万，结果层层效仿许诺，空心泡泡随口吹，甚至连长、排长都在喊：“冲啊！得了头功老子给赏钱，到延安府发洋财去啊！” 战斗打得极为残酷。胡宗南的飞机、大炮完全是一副满门灭族的架势，一开始就把成吨炸药往外抛。炮弹和炸弹轰过一轮又一轮，防线上表面阵地全炸个翻天覆地，蓬松蓬松的土石，随手抓一把在鼻子底下闻一闻，都呛得人咳嗽。 陕甘宁边区各部队从占领阵地到与敌人交手才个把月时间，又抱定“且战且退”这一作战原则，就没有构筑太坚固的掩蔽工事，只能靠猫耳洞避弹。敌人飞机大炮一响，立刻躲一下。轰炸一停，又赶紧钻出来阻击敌步兵。敌人整师整旅地压上来，拼不过去，就赶紧交替后撤，一到新阵地，二话不说，立即挖洞，就这样一刻不停地干。胡军整整攻击了一天，只前进了5公里。 消息传到南京，蒋介石耐不住了，对他的密友和忠臣吴忠信冷冷地说：“三天是拿不下延安的。拿下延安，谈何容易！我看，五天能把它攻下来，就算不错了！”吴忠信一听就明白，蒋是想让胡宗南下台阶，便连声诺诺。 果然，三天期限一到，国防部即向蒋介石报告：“延安共产党军队抵抗强烈，胡宗南部死战不懈，仍进展缓慢，右路军到达临真镇、金盆湾；左路军刚刚攻下甘泉县的劳山。目前各部仍在胡长官亲自督阵下努力激战之中……” 蒋介石频频点头：“不错了，不错了。”到了第五天，国防部竟送上一份令人沮丧的报告，“胡部在金盆湾、南泥湾裹足不前，全体将士虽浴血……”蒋介石听完报告一言不发。 终于等到第七天，蒋介石已经熬得心力交瘁。国防部的报告还没有开始念，他就连忙摆手，说：“给我接通西北，我要胡宗南亲口向我报告！” 胡宗南做了几个深呼吸，才敢抓起送话器。他以不急不躁的中等音量报告蒋介石：“共产党军队坚壁清野，主力逃遁，不见踪影，只有小股民兵袭扰我搜索部队。我右路第一军先锋苦战七日，已达延安城外宝塔山下，即刻进城……” 蒋介石不耐烦地打断胡宗南，要他报告伤亡情况。 胡犹豫一下，马上想起一个大打折扣的数字：5000余人。 这一下激怒了蒋介石，顾不得远隔万重山水，张口骂了句“娘希匹”，说：“损失5000人马，还在城外？等你们进了城，共产党中央机关早就插翅高飞了！你来给我解释解释，究竟搞什么名堂？！” 胡宗南知道老蒋生了气，在电话那头大声喊叫：“校长息怒，共党中央机关还在延安哩。毛泽东昨天还接见了外国记者，朱德、刘少奇和彭德怀这些人都在……”蒋介石没等胡宗南把话说完，使劲把电话一挂，自言自语道：“都在又有什么用！” 胡、蒋通话时，毛泽东的确还在延安。他刚从枣园搬到王家坪来住，窑洞临时收拾了一下，用他的话说，“还没住热，又要走了”。 说着话已经是3月18日，胡军兵临城下，枪炮声在延安市内任何地方都隐约可闻。下午，枪炮声离得更近，前线消息说：敌人离延安不足10里地！彭德怀急坏了，把警卫人员全部叫到自己窑洞里，郑重其事交代说：“现在，全党、全军、全国人民都在关心党中央、毛主席的安全，你们肩上责任很重，要绝对保证主席的安全，必要时，抬也要把他抬走！” 彭德怀的话有针对性。离开延安，对于毛泽东来说，不是一件容易的事。在胡宗南最初给延安丢炸弹时，就有人担心得不得了：毛主席怎么还不过黄河？这要是万一碰上……炸弹可不长眼啊！ 毛泽东却始终若无其事：“怕什么？延安人民走完了我再走！”现在，炮弹都打到清凉山了，他还是一点儿都不着急，专心致志忙着他的一大堆案头工作。警卫员满头大汗跑进跑出，催促一次又催促一次：“主席，马都备好了，就出发吧！你不走，叫我们怎么完成任务啊？！” 毛泽东微笑着说：“不要紧，来得及，大路朝天，各走一边，他走他的，我走我的，他在那个山头，我在这个山头，怕什么呀？”说着又不慌不忙拟写一份电文。 这时，一发炮弹在不远处剧烈爆响，震得窑洞顶层的泥屑直往下掉。毛泽东抬头看了看，仍旧埋下头飞快地写起来。警卫员没办法，只好打出周恩来的招牌，“周副主席也叫你快一点儿，再不走，就很危险了！”毛泽东干脆置之不理。 任弼时和习仲勋赶过来了，刚走到门口，正好与心急火燎的警卫员撞个满怀。警卫员说：“任秘书长、习副政委，你们来得正好，快去帮我们劝劝主席，再不离开危险性很大……” 任、习二人急步冲进窑洞：“主席呀，敌人已经兵临城下，便衣队都到七里铺了，同志们都等得很急，你还是快一点儿离开的好！” 毛泽东抬起头，一见是任弼时和习仲勋，笑了笑，一边照写不误，一边说：“就好啰、就好啰，去跟同志们说一说，先搞好先走，不要等……” 正说着话，彭德怀过来了，还在门外就大声嚷嚷：“主席走没走？”门外警卫员嗫嚅，说没走。 彭德怀张口训开了：“怎么搞的嘛！你们是警卫员，我怎么跟你们讲的？要对主席安全负责嘛！” 毛泽东在里面接话：“不要批评他们了……”见彭德怀进屋，脸色很难看，毛泽东立刻笑着招呼：“老彭啊，来得正好，我正要找你哩。通知部队，要把房屋打扫干净，家具原样摆好，一点儿也不要破坏。我们过些日子还会回来的，是不是啊？” “主席，你有什么指示，边走边说吧！”彭德怀努力做出平静的样子。 毛泽东手头略微紧了点儿，嘴上依然说：“就好，就好，你不要催我嘛！” 彭德怀性子上来了：“这都么子时候了嘛，还不着急呀！你不急我可是着急，我是司令员，我要对你的安全负责；你是主席，你也要对全党、全军负责嘛！” 毛泽东终于忙完了，一边收拾桌子，一边笑着说：“老彭同志啊，你好厉害哟，我执行……”毛泽东说着走出那孔窑洞。走了几步，他忽又返身看了看窑洞里的那张床和桌椅，然后一扭头，果决地离开了。默默走了一段，他突然回头问彭德怀：“王震过河之后情况如何？”彭德怀说：“很好，已投入战斗。”毛泽东这才大步走向路边的汽车。 大西北的黄昏，风呼呼刮着，沙尘与暮霭汇在一起。毛泽东与少量警卫部队一道，沿着山城一条小路，慢慢离去。他一路走一路回头，悄然无声，又仿佛说着千言万语。彭德怀发过脾气之后，就一直默默跟在毛泽东身后，他要尽心尽责地护送一程。 “老彭啊，你回去吧！”毛泽东说。 彭德怀充满感情，但脸色还是铁青的：“我再送上一段，不碍事的。”他坚持将毛泽东送到了延安飞机场，然后，握握手，小声嘱咐：“主席，你一定要多保重……”