Chapter 7 Chapter 6 Close the door and beat the dog
After the winter offensive of the Northeast People's Liberation Army ended, the Kuomintang army was divided and surrounded in Shenyang, Changchun, and Jinzhou.Wei Lihuang personally led 300,000 troops to garrison Shenyang, Zheng Dongguo led 100,000 troops to defend Changchun, and Fan Hanjie led 150,000 troops to defend Jinzhou.The total force is 4 corps, 14 armies, 44 divisions, plus local miscellaneous armed forces, a total of 550,000 people.
At that time, the Northeast Field Army had grown to 12 infantry columns, 36 divisions, 15 independent divisions, 3 cavalry divisions, 1 artillery column, 1 railway column, and 1 tank regiment, with a total of 700,000 people.With the addition of 330,000 local troops, the total strength reached 1.03 million.Its sequence is as follows:
The Northeast Field Army Headquarters (Commander Lin Biao, Political Commissar Luo Ronghuan, Chief of Staff Liu Yalou, Director of the Political Department Tan Zheng, and Director of the Logistics Department Zhong Chibing) directly under the independent 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 7th 8. The 9th, 10th, and 11th divisions;
Artillery Command (commander Zhu Rui, political commissar Qiu Chuangcheng) governs the artillery column;
Artillery column (commander Su Jin, political commissar Qiu Chuangcheng) has jurisdiction over the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th artillery regiments, the tank regiment, the 1st and 2nd anti-aircraft artillery regiments, and the pursuit artillery regiment;
The railway column (director Huang Yifeng) has jurisdiction over the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th detachments;
The 1st Column (Commander Li Tianyou, Political Commissar Liang Biye) governs the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Divisions;
The 2nd Column (Commander Liu Zhen, Political Commissar Wu Faxian) governs the 4th, 5th, and 6th Divisions;
The 3rd Column (Commander Han Xianchu, Political Commissar Luo Shunchu) governs the 7th, 8th, and 9th Divisions;
The 4th Column (Commander Wu Kehua, Political Commissar Mo Wenhua) governs the 10th, 11th, and 12th Divisions;
The 5th Column (Commander Wan Yi, Political Commissar Liu Xingyuan) governs the 13th, 14th, and 15th Divisions;
The 6th Column (Commander Huang Yongsheng, Political Commissar Lai Chuanzhu) governs the 16th, 17th, and 18th Divisions;
The 7th Column (Commander Deng Hua, Political Commissar Wu Fushan) governs the 19th, 20th, and 21st Divisions;
The 8th Column (Commander Duan Suquan, Political Commissar Qiu Huizuo) governs the 22nd, 23rd, and 24th Divisions;
The 9th Column (Commander Zhan Caifang, Political Commissar Li Zhongquan) governs the 25th, 26th, and 27th Divisions;
The 10th Column (Commander Liang Xingchu, Political Commissar Zhou Chiping) governs the 28th, 29th, and 30th Divisions;
The 11th Column (Commander He Jinnian, Political Commissar Chen Renqi) governs the 31st, 32nd, and 33rd Divisions;
The 12th Column (Commander Zhong Wei, Political Commissar Yuan Shengping) governs the 34th, 35th, and 36th Divisions;
The former finger of the Liaodong Military Region was changed to the 1st Corps Headquarters (Commander Xiao Jinguang, Political Commissar Xiao Hua, Deputy Commander Chen Bojun), and the former finger of the Jicha Reliao Military Region was changed to the 2nd Corps Headquarters (Commander Cheng Zihua, Political Commissar Huang Kecheng, Chief of Staff Huang Zhiyong , Liu Daosheng, Director of the Political Department).
The situation in the Northeast is extremely unfavorable to the Kuomintang.After the Anti-Japanese War, in order to fight for the Northeast, Chiang Kai-shek transferred his elite troops to the Northeast one after another, and once had an absolute advantage in the Northeast.Now these troops are in a desperate situation, and the situation in the battlefields in the pass is gradually deteriorating. In order to consolidate the pass, Chiang Kai-shek wants to abandon the northeast and rescue the desperate elite troops. To Jinzhou.
Wei Lihuang was unwilling to bear the responsibility of abandoning the Northeast, so he had a sharp conflict with Chiang Kai-shek.In order to personally persuade Wei Lihuang, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Wei Lihuang to Nanjing on April 1.
Chiang Kai-shek said: "The traffic in Shenyang and Changchun has been cut off, and the supplies of hundreds of thousands of people have to be transported by air. The government has been unable to maintain it."
Wei Lihuang said: "The training of the troops has not been completed yet, and their combat effectiveness is very poor. I am afraid that they will not be able to fight Jinzhou, and they will be wiped out by the Communist army halfway."
"Our transport planes and gasoline are not enough to maintain the supplies of the Northeast troops." Chiang Kai-shek sighed, "If this continues, the government will be dragged down by the Northeast!"
"As long as the main force is not withdrawn from Shenyang, I will be responsible for the supply of the Northeast troops." Wei Lihuang said, "I will ask the American advisory group to help transport."
Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to say: "As long as you have a way to supply the troops, you don't need to withdraw to Jinzhou for the time being, but once the training is completed, you still have to get through the Shenjin line as soon as possible."
Wei Lihuang approached Liu Yaohan, the supply commander, and said, "I have packed the supplies for the Northeast. Tomorrow, I will invite you to the US Army Advisory Group and ask them to help transport them."
Liu Yaohan had served as a translator for the Foreign Affairs Bureau during the Anti-Japanese War and had a close relationship with the US military. He immediately agreed to Wei Lihuang's request.
In the early morning of April 2, Liu Yaohan accompanied Wei Lihuang to visit Badawi, the chief of the US military advisory group.Badawei was praised by Liu Yaohan and agreed to do his best to assist.Liu Yaohan said: "The Northeast is rich in materials and has great potential. Chen Cheng made a mess in the Northeast. When Mr. Wei first went there, he was passively beaten every day. Now that the situation has stabilized, Mr. Wei is very capable."
"Mr. Wei led the Chinese troops stationed in India to open up the India-Myanmar line of communication in 1944, and was commended by the Allied Forces. His command ability is very outstanding." Badawi said, "I am willing to help him."
Wei Lihuang didn't know what they were talking about, but from Badawi's expression, the foreign consultant seemed to have agreed.
At 11 o'clock in the morning, Wei Lihuang met Chiang Kai-shek again.Chiang Kai-shek promised to follow Wei Lihuang's plan to consolidate the three strategic points of Changchun, Shenyang, and Jinzhou first, and then take the initiative to open up the Shenjin line after the army training is completed.The dispute between Jiang and Wei came to an end.
Wei Lihuang returned to Shenyang and began to train the army.
At the beginning of May, Chiang Kai-shek, on the pretext that the training was almost done, revisited the plan to open up the Shenjin line, and withdrew the main force to Jinzhou.Wei Lihuang still disagreed, and then sent Liao Yaoxiang, Zhao Jiaxiang and Luo Youlun to Nanjing to appeal to Chiang Kai-shek.
Seeing that Wei Lihuang did not obey his orders, Chiang Kai-shek wooed Liao Yaoxiang.At the military conference held by the Nanjing Ministry of National Defense, Chiang Kai-shek announced in public that only the 53rd Army and the 207th Division will be left to guard Shenyang, and the rest of the troops will be organized into a mobile corps under the command of Liao Yaoxiang.
Wei Lihuang learned that this plan was afraid that Liao Yaoxiang would pull the main force away, so he firmly opposed the establishment of a mobile corps.As a result, conflicts arose between Liao Yaoxiang and Wei Lihuang.
Chiang Kai-shek then summoned Liang Huasheng, commander of the Shenyang defense, and Liu Anqi, commander of the 7th Corps, and again proposed to open up the Shenjin line.Both were afraid that this task would fall on their own shoulders and that they might be eaten up by the People's Liberation Army halfway. Therefore, they disagreed with Chiang Kai-shek's plan.
Chiang Kai-shek wanted to implement his own plan, so he had to find someone who could obey him.He first asked Liao Yaoxiang to lead Shenyang's main force to Jinzhou. If Liao Yaoxiang followed the plan, he would replace him with Wei Lihuang.As a result, Liao Yaoxiang was restrained by Wei Lihuang and was unable to act, so Chiang Kai-shek looked at Fan Hanjie in Jinzhou again.Signal Fan Hanjie that as long as the Shenjin line is opened and the main force in the Northeast is withdrawn, Wei Lihuang's power will be handed over to him.
As a result, Chiang Kai-shek's plan to break through the Shenjin line and withdraw the main force in the Northeast could not be realized. On the contrary, Wei Lihuang and his generals had many conflicts and could not be unified in command.
Chiang Kai-shek had planes, so his arguments with his generals were basically face-to-face.Mao Zedong and Lin Biao could only argue in telegrams.
When the winter campaign was in progress, Mao Zedong called Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Liu Yalou on February 7: "Chiang Kai-shek once considered withdrawing all the troops in the Northeast to North China... For our military's strategic interests, it is necessary to close the Kuomintang army in the Northeast and annihilate them one by one. for the benefit."
After the winter campaign ended, there were no small battles to fight in the Northeast.If you want to fight, you can only choose from three points: Changchun, Shenyang, and Jinzhou.Lin Biao has always been hesitant about what method to adopt.He "meditated" in front of the map all day long, unable to make up his mind, and was so anxious that Luo Ronghuan and Liu Yalou circled around.Mao Zedong's telegrams came frequently, and the suggestions of Luo Ronghuan and Liu Yalou also rang in Lin Biao's ears from time to time.Lin Biao turned a blind eye to this, turned a deaf ear to it, and continued to fiddle with his "abacus beads" about the war in his mind.
Mao Zedong's idea was to cut off the connection between Northeast China and North China, creating a situation of "closing the door and beating dogs", and annihilating the enemies of the Northeast on the spot.Obviously, Jinzhou must be played first.
Lin Biao believed that the fortifications of Jinzhou city were solid, and there were 150,000 heavy troops guarding them. If the attack could not be sustained for a long time like the attack on Siping in the summer campaign, the enemy's reinforcements would be passive.The reason why the Siping retreat was safe and sound is that the troops are basically lightly armed.To attack Jinzhou, which is fortified by 150,000 people, there must be large-scale heavy weapons and a logistics supply of 600,000 to 700,000 people. Such a huge supply requires a lot of cars and fuel. If the fuel is exhausted or is attacked by air, a large number of mechanized equipment will be lost. If it is given to the enemy, it will be difficult for the troops to safely withdraw from the battlefield and be in a dangerous situation.
Lin Biao was unwilling to take the risk of attacking Jinzhou. He believed that the enemy in Changchun was the weakest and was the closest to the PLA logistics base. Changchun and Shenyang were five to six hundred kilometers away.Therefore, Lin Biao decided to play Changchun after repeated consideration.At that time, Lin Biao had established an image of "military authority" in the Northeast, and generally no one raised objections to the military plans he determined.Although the Northeast Bureau repeatedly discussed the next military action, Lin Biao's plan was finally decided.
This plan was reported to Xibaipo, and Mao Zedong was furious after seeing it.He smashed a lit cigarette in his hand, and said to Zhou Enlai: "Another general who will not accept the order of the emperor abroad. I think he is too timid. I told him to go south to the Beining line in February. It has been more than two months." , or this attitude, or else I go to the northeast."
Zhou En read the telegram for a while, and said: "Chairman, I think we can only agree with their plan in principle, and reiterate the importance of going south to the Beining line."
Mao Zedong said: "It has to be like this."
On April 22, Mao Zedong agreed to Lin Biao's plan. In mid-May, Lin Biao tried to attack Changchun with two columns, and found that Changchun's defense was stronger than originally estimated, so he changed the strong attack to "long siege and long siege".The Northeast Bureau discussed and decided to besiege Changchun with a force, and the main force went south to fight.
Mao Zedong received the Northeast Bureau's plan, put down his job, walked over to pick up a brush and said to himself: "This turn is so hard to turn. This is not to see the coffin without tears." He sat down and wrote: "If you attack Changchun, there is no Sure, of course we can stop this plan and change it to a plan to fight south in advance."
Later, Mao Zedong clearly pointed out: "We should first consider fighting Jinzhou and Tangshan."
Lin Biao "faced the wall" for more than ten days during the rainy season, and finally made up his mind to prepare to go south to fight Jinzhou after the rainy season was over. On August 14, the leading organization of the Northeast Field Army was formally established, with Lin Biao as the commander, Luo Ronghuan as the political commissar, Liu Yalou as the chief of staff, and Tan Zheng as the director of the Political Department.
At the beginning of September, the Northeast Field Army made political mobilization, and then sent troops southward.In terms of troop deployment, Lin Biao planned to place 7 columns and 6 independent divisions between Xinmin, Shenyang, and Changchun in order to cope with the enemy's aid in Shenyang and the defense of Changchun to break through the encirclement, which made the troops attacking Jinzhou and its periphery weak.From this, Mao Zedong saw that Lin Biao was not determined to attack Jinzhou, and he still had concerns, so he instructed on September 7:
If you can annihilate the enemy on the line from Jinchow to Tangshan and conquer the points of Jinchow, Yuguan and Tangshan in September, December or a little longer, you can achieve the goal of annihilating about 18 enemy brigades.In order to wipe out these enemies, you should use the main force on this line now, and ignore the two enemies of Changchun and Shenyang.And prepare to annihilate the enemy who may be aided by Chang and Shen when fighting Jinzhou.
On September 12, the Liaoshen Campaign first started from the Shanhaiguan to Tangshan section of Beining Road.The 11th Column and the Jichareliao Independent Division suddenly surrounded and quickly attacked and wiped out Changli and Beidaihe to defend the enemy.The 4th and 9th Columns immediately surrounded Yi County. On the 20th, the 3rd and 2nd Columns, which came from a long-distance attack, replaced the 4th and 9th Columns and surrounded Yi County.While the 4th Column bypassed Jinzhou to conquer Xingcheng, the 9th Column used penetration tactics to penetrate into the north of Jinzhou, and cooperated with the 8th Column to capture the highlands south of Jinzhou.The 7th Column captured Xihaikou and Tashan, cutting off the connection between Jinzhou and Jinxi.
All the strongholds in the Jinzhou-Tangshan section were divided and surrounded, and the land traffic between the Northeast and North China of the Kuomintang army was completely cut off.At the same time, other armies of the Northeast People's Liberation Army went south one after another. On September 16, the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th, 10th columns and artillery columns successively entered the area north of Jinzhou and west of Xinmin.
On September 29, the Northeast People's Liberation Army completed the siege of Jinzhou and Yixian.
At this time, Lin Biao's command post was still near Harbin. Because he was far away from the battlefield, he didn't know enough about the situation on the front line. On September 25, Liu Yalou ordered artillery fire to blockade Jinzhou Airport.Because the enemy was airlifting the 49th Army from Shenyang to reinforce Jinzhou. On the 26th, Duan Suquan, Commander of the 8th Column, and Qiu Huizuo, Political Commissar, called: "Jinzhou has two airports. The Eastern Suburb Airport has not been used for several years, and the Western Suburb Airport is in use. Please advise which airport should be blocked."
Liu Yalou was furious when he received a telegram from the 8th column: "Why do you block the useless airport?"
"The enemy is transporting by air, and it has been delayed for two days. We should report and criticize!" Lin Biao also lost his temper.
Liu Yalou immediately ordered the 9th Column and the Artillery Column to block the Xijiao Airport with firepower.The 9th Column bombarded Jinzhou Xijiao Airport on the 28th with an artillery battalion and part of the artillery column.At that time, the airport was in turmoil, and the big belly transport plane was nervously unloading weapons, equipment and soldiers.All of a sudden, the sound of artillery was rumbling, and five planes were shot and caught fire. The airport was like an exploded hornet's nest, with screaming soldiers and cars running around everywhere.The plane flying from Shenyang couldn't land, hovered in the air for a while and flew back helplessly.
Mao Zedong called on September 30: "Five planes have been destroyed. I am very relieved. I hope to send a reward." He also criticized the 8th column for delaying the blockade of the airport for two days, allowing the enemy to transport two regiments by air: "When a large army is fighting, the military order should be strict. Strictly speaking, the 8th column is a bit unfair to be criticized, because the headquarters did not know the location of the 8th column, the 9th column and the two airports. The 8th column is close to the eastern suburb airport, and the 9th column is close to the western suburb airport. The commander should order the 9th column to block the Xijiao Airport, but let the 8th column block the airport. Of course, the head of the 8th column will have doubts.
Lin Biao was hesitant to attack Jinzhou first or Shanhaiguan first, so he sent a message to Mao Zedong:
Mao Zedong called back and instructed:
Obviously, Mao Zedong did not agree to fight Shanhaiguan.Only then did Lin Biao decide to attack Jinzhou first, and on September 28 he telegraphed to the Central Military Commission:
Mao Zedong immediately called back and agreed:
Yixian County is a county seat in the north of Jinzhou, 45 kilometers away from Jinzhou, and the defenders are the 20th Division of the 93rd Army. In early September, the People's Liberation Army going south had an outpost battle with the Yixian defenders.Fan Hanjie, director of the Jinzhou Command Post, was about to withdraw the 20th Temporary Division to Jinzhou, but Wei Lihuang vetoed the plan to withdraw from Yixian County.Subsequently, Yi County fell into heavy siege by the People's Liberation Army.
The fortifications in Yixian County are very strong and complete, and the Jinzhou army can be reinforced at any time. Wang Shigao, the commander of the 20th Division temporarily, believes that the People's Liberation Army may adopt the old tactics of besieging the city and fighting for aid.Therefore, the troops were ordered to repair the fortifications day and night to further consolidate the city defenses.
On September 24, the People's Liberation Army's tactics of digging traffic trenches and gradually approaching the city wall made Wang Shigao very troubled.Wang Shigao summoned officers above the head of the group to observe the situation on the southwest wall. He said: "The traffic trench of the communist army is approaching. What advice do you have to deal with it?"
The group leaders looked at each other without saying a word.Wang Shigao sighed: "It seems that we have to use mortar bombardment, but we are running out of shells."
After three days of bombardment, a large amount of shells were consumed, but it still could not stop the PLA's traffic trench approach tactics.
Wang Shigao asked for ammunition to be airdropped. On the 28th, as soon as the three planes flew over Linyi County, they were hit by the People's Liberation Army's anti-aircraft fire.The plane had to fly high and drop ammunition by parachute, but most of them floated to the PLA positions by the Daling River.
On the 29th, the People's Liberation Army launched a general offensive.Chiang Kai-shek sent an urgent telegram to Wang Shigao:
Wang Shigao held Chiang Kai-shek's telegram and called the heads of the regiments: "Yi County is fighting well, and President Chiang attaches great importance to it. As long as everyone sticks to the rescue and keeps Yi County, you will be successful!"
"Master, we don't have any shells anymore. Now the communist army's artillery fire is too fierce. It is full of heavy artillery. My command post is full of dust, like sifting chaff." Zhao Zhenhua, the head of the 1st regiment, shouted on the phone, "just now the communist army The artillery fire knocked down my shelter, and Jiang Xiaotian and I were trapped inside, and it took a lot of effort to be rescued."
"Can you stand it?" Wang Shigao asked.
"I have ordered to shrink the line of defense and focus on defense." Zhao Zhenhua said, "It is estimated that it will be no problem to defend for about ten days."
"Good! The reinforcements will arrive within ten days." Wang Shigao said.
At 12 o'clock in the evening on the 30th, Wang Shigao held an emergency meeting in the shelter.
Deputy division commander Han Runzhen said: "Jinzhou was also attacked by the communist army. The reinforcements will not be able to arrive for a while, and the only way to survive is to break through."
"If you stick to it, you will die in the end." Wang Shigao said.
"It's too hasty tonight, I plan to act as soon as it gets dark tomorrow." Han Runzhen said.
Soon after the meeting, the People's Liberation Army launched a more violent offensive.At 5 o'clock in the morning, the city defense of Yixian County was breached.Zhao Zhenhua made his final struggle in the cover department of the regiment headquarters.He asked the guard platoon leader to set up the machine gun at the door and shoot.Suddenly a grenade was thrown, and both the machine gun and the horse platoon leader were blown out of the shelter.
Five or six soldiers from the People's Liberation Army rushed in. Zhao Zhenhua sat next to the telephone and smoked, pretending to be dead.
"You are Zhao Zhenhua, so stubborn?" asked a cadre with a bandaged left hand and a pistol in his right.
"Soldiers are responsible for guarding the land, and each is the master." Zhao Zhenhua said.
"Is it your troops who are guarding the Diye Temple?" the cadre said. "Immediately order them to cease fire."
"You've even caught me, so of course it's easier to catch them." Zhao Zhenhua took a puff of cigarette, blowing out smoke rings leisurely.
At around 7 o'clock in the morning, it was dawn, and the sound of guns and artillery in Yixian County fell silent.
Zhao Zhenhua was escorted out of the shelter, and he and the family members of other officers were seen sitting on several large trucks.His driver stopped in front of him in a jeep, and the deputy head Jiang Xiaotian was also sitting in the car.Zhao Zhenhua was escorted into a jeep, and the convoy began to drive out of Yixian County.
Arriving at Wangjiagou at noon and getting off the bus, Zhao Zhenhua found that the division commander, deputy division commander, regimental commander and all school-level officers were all gathered here and were taken as prisoners.
Zhao Zhenhua found it very strange that his driver was joking with the People's Liberation Army.After dinner in the afternoon, the driver asked him to meet the deputy political commissar.He was ushered into the office of the deputy political commissar, and saw a map of Yi County's defense equipment hanging on the wall.The deputy political commissar smiled and said, "Is it the same as the picture you drew?"
Zhao Zhenhua took a closer look and found that it was not bad at all.He suddenly realized: "No wonder the troops are still fighting, and the commander is a prisoner. The People's Liberation Army is based on this map, according to the map, and captures the thief and the king."
"How did you get this picture?" Zhao Zhenhua asked in surprise.
The deputy political commissar and the driver laughed.Could it be him, his own driver?
"Tuan Zuo, don't worry, the People's Liberation Army treats prisoners preferentially." The driver smiled, "Your propaganda to me before was false, and now you should understand it yourself!"
Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan led the East Field Command to go south by train on October 1.The train goes north from Shuangcheng to Harbin, and then turns to the Binzhou Line from the Jiangbei Connection Line.
They got the front-line battle report on the train, happy and sad.The joy was that the People's Liberation Army captured Yixian that day, and the worry was that Zhu Rui, the commander of the artillery column, was struck by a mine near the end of the battle in Yixian and died.This is the highest-ranking PLA general who died on the Northeast battlefield.After hearing the news, Mao Zedong telegraphed: "...The Military Commission has decided to change the Northeast Artillery School to Zhurui Artillery School."
In the early morning of October 2, when the train arrived near Zhengjiatun, Shuangliao County, Jilin Province, it suddenly found a plane coming from the east.Liu Yalou ordered all the personnel to get out of the car and disperse and hide.The enemy plane circled a few times, fired blindly for a while, and flew away.
"Should we continue to move forward?" Yin Jian, chief of operations, asked Liu Yalou for instructions.
"The personnel of the agency are scattered and concealed in the nearby villages, pay attention to air defense. You set up the radio to contact the Military Commission and various columns to see if there is any new situation." Liu Yalou said.
"Why don't you leave?" Luo Ronghuan asked.
"101 decided." Liu Yalou said.
101 is Lin Biao's code name, Luo Ronghuan and Liu Yalou's code names are: 102 and 103 respectively.
At around 10:00 p.m., Yin Jian asked Liu Yalou again: "103, is it time to act?"
"If there is a new situation, we have to wait for the Military Commission to call back." Liu Yalou said in a low voice, "Tell the radio station to pay attention to calls from the Military Commission."
"What's the situation?" Luo Ronghuan asked puzzled.
"Call from the front to report that the enemy in Huludao has added 4 new divisions. 101 considers that the troops only brought one-way gasoline. They are afraid that Jinzhou will not be able to attack, and a large number of cars, tanks and heavy artillery will not be able to withdraw. It is vulnerable to Shenyang, Jinxi, and Huludao. Aid the enemy to attack." Liu Yalou said, "101 has telegraphed the Military Commission."
"Take a look at the draft telegram." Luo Ronghuan said.Yin Jian took the telegram from the Confidential Section, and Luo Ronghuan read it all at once. The telegram said:
Luo Ronghuan hurried into Lin Biao's bedroom with the telegram: "The plan to attack Jinzhou has already begun. I think it is still possible to attack Jinzhou. At this time, returning to the division and attacking Changchun is really the worst policy."
Lin Biao raised his head and asked Liu Yalou, "What about 103's opinion?"
"I agree with 102's opinion." Liu Yalou said.
Lin Biao asked his secretary to recover the telegram, but the telegram had already been sent.
Luo Ronghuan said: "We don't need to wait for the Military Commission to call back and re-state our position, indicating that we still insist on fighting Jinzhou."
Lin Biao agreed with Luo Ronghuan's opinion, and Luo Ronghuan personally drafted the telegram, and then submitted it to Lin Biao for signature.
Lin Biao looked at it and said, "Send it as it is."
The telegram was sent at 9 am on October 3.The time when the Military Commission Radio received the telegram was 20:15.Mao Zedong had already sent two urgent telegrams at 17:00 and 19:00.
The telegram at 17:00 on October 3 read:
The telegram at 19:00 on October 3 read:
After Mao Zedong sent the above two urgent telegrams, he received a telegram drafted by Luo Ronghuan.Mao Zedong finally let go of the heart that raised his throat, and immediately called back:
More than ten years later, in Mao Zedong's poem "Seven Laws Mourning Luo Ronghuan", there was a sentence "war brocade is a big problem", referring to the above-mentioned incident.However, there is another theory. According to Tan Yunhe, Lin Biao’s secretary at the time, when Lin Biao learned that the enemy had reinforced Huludao, he once wavered in his strategy of attacking Jinzhou and wanted to go back and attack Changchun. An immature idea was telegraphed to the Central Committee. The telegram was dictated by Lin Biao and recorded by Tan Yunhe.Before generating electricity, Tan Yunhe showed it to Luo Ronghuan and Liu Yalou, and they had no objection at that time.After the telegram was sent, Luo Ronghuan felt that it was inappropriate to change the strategic plan approved by the central government. He first discussed his views with Liu Yalou, who also felt the same way, so they consulted with Lin Biao.After Lin Biao listened to Luo Ronghuan's opinion, he gave up the idea of going back to Changchun and decided to stick to the original plan.Later, Luo Ronghuan personally drafted a telegram to the central government to express that he still insisted on attacking Jinzhou. This was the telegram that Lin, Luo, and Liu sent to the central government at 9 o'clock on the 3rd.Regardless of which of the above statements is more true, Luo Ronghuan has contributed a lot to the "big issue" of "Zhan Jin".
Chiang Kai-shek flew to Shenyang on October 2nd.When passing through the sky over Jinzhou, Chiang Kai-shek wrote a letter to Jinzhou, ordering Fan Hanjie to answer according to the current situation and according to the three codes stipulated: "Decided to break through" or "Stay for help" or "Can't defend".
Fan Hanjie believes that it is a good opportunity to use the Jinzhou garrison to attract the main force of the People's Liberation Army, and to draw two corps from Shenyang and North China to fight a decisive battle under the city of Jinzhou.So he sent a signal to Chiang Kai-shek to "stand by and wait for help".
After Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Shenyang, he immediately called a military meeting.After Zhao Jiaxiang reported the current battle situation in Jinzhou, he said: "The artillery fire of the Communist Army is very fierce. According to Jinzhou's intelligence, most of them are Japanese mountain-making and wild heavy artillery. The firepower is much fiercer than that of the Japanese army during the Songhu War of Resistance. They adopted The tactic of approaching traffic trenches is progressing very quickly. I think Jinzhou is very dangerous and may break the city."
Wei Lihuang said: "I think the city of Jinzhou is well-defended and can be defended. The purpose of the communist army is mainly to fight for reinforcements, not to attack the city. If we pull the main force of Shenyang out for reinforcements, it is in the hands of the Chinese Communist army. I dare to bet any of you that As soon as the attacking corps goes out of western Liaoning, the entire army will definitely be wiped out."
"There are heavy Communist troops assembled in the Liaoxi Corridor. Taking this route may allow the Communist Army to 'strike aid'." Liao Yaoxiang said, "It is better to fight along the middle and long roads, relying on Yingkou, passing through Panshan to the west, and at the same time increasing troops from within the pass. Huludao and Jinxi, organize the Eastward Corps to reinforce Jinzhou nearby. The success of the reinforcement is ideal, but if Jinzhou falls, the Yingkou seaport will not make Shenyang the second Changchun."
"I don't agree with your opinion!" Chiang Kai-shek stood up abruptly and said sharply, "Jinzhou cannot be lost, and the consequences of losing Jinzhou will be unimaginable. The most urgent task now is to organize the Westward Army Corps. Liao Yaoxiang will lead the main force of Shenyang to the west to reinforce Jinzhou. Organize eastward corps from Jinxi and Huludao, and the reinforcements from the east and west will march against each other, and the siege of Jinzhou will be relieved."
After forcing Wei Lihuang to issue an order to aid Jin, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Peiping that afternoon to deploy the Dongjin Corps to aid Jin.
On October 5, Chiang Kai-shek boarded the "Chongqing" ship from Tanggu, Tianjin, and went to Huludao to command the battle. On the 6th, a military meeting was held in Huludao. On the 7th, he returned to Tianjin on the "Chongqing" ship. Chiang Kai-shek touched the ship wearing white gloves and found dust everywhere. He was so angry that he scolded the naval commander Gui Yongqing: "The navy has become so corrupt and degraded that the country will perish!"
On the 8th, after Chiang Kai-shek returned to Peiping, he immediately told Fu Zuoyi that he had something urgent to go to Shanghai immediately.Fu Zuoyi persuaded: "Jinzhou is at stake, and the president should leave the supervisor behind to help Jinzhou."
"I'll only go for a day or two." Chiang Kai-shek still insisted on going to Shanghai.
It turned out that it was Jiang Jingguo who wanted to save the financial situation that was on the verge of collapse in Shanghai, so he launched a "clean government storm" and arrested Kong Lingkan, the noble son of the Kong family.Song Meiling urgently called Chiang Kai-shek to save Kong Lingkan.As soon as Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Shanghai, he let Kong Lingkan go, making Chiang Ching-kuo's last hope of saving the economic situation vanish. On October 10, the gold yuan notes plummeted, and the financial market was in chaos, causing the Kuomintang's economy to collapse before the military.
On October 10, under the cover of the air force and navy, Que Hanqian commanded three divisions of the Eastward Advance Corps to storm the Tashan PLA position.
Tashan is located between Jinzhou and Jinxi. It is a village on the Beining line. In the north of the village, there are five mountains running from east to west. The highest point is Baitai Mountain, which is 261 meters above sea level.With Tashan as the center, it starts from the seashore in the east and reaches Hongluoxian in the west for about 30 kilometers. It is the only way to reinforce Jinzhou from Jinxi.
Luo Ronghuan issued a political mobilization order to the Tashan guard over the phone:
Although the street pavilion is small, it has a lot to do with it.Jinzhou and Jinxi are 40 kilometers apart, relying on the Tashan position to block the enemy's eastward advance corps.Otherwise, the enemy troops in Jinzhou will run away, and even our siege troops will be caught in the enemy's attack. The key to the Jinzhou campaign is whether Tashan can be defended. importance.
Liu Yalou gave death orders to the heads of the divisions on the phone: "Tashan is lost, you come to see me with your heads up."
The 4th column also carried out in-depth political mobilization, and the party committee issued the "Letter to All Column Commanders" and "Letter to All Party Members".Placards were placed all over the positions, which read: "We must fight for every inch of land, live and die with the positions", "Fight hard, people stay in the positions", "Let the enemy's corpses lie all over the field, and blood flow into rivers"...
Changjiang Xieyuan, the division commander of the 12th Division, made an oath in public: "My position is beside the comrades. In order to ensure the victory of the Jinzhou battle, I am always ready to give my last drop of blood!"
Li Bingling, political commissar of the 10th Division, said at the mobilization meeting of all cadres: "In order to smash the enemy's attempt to reinforce Jinzhou, I swear to share life and death with my comrades, throw my head and blood without taking a step back!"
At dawn on the 10th, Que Hanqian led the 62nd, 8th, and 15th divisions to attack Tashan.Que Hanqian saw that there was no danger to defend Tashan, and the People's Liberation Army's fortifications were not completed, so he thought that Tashan could be captured in one fell swoop.Therefore, without contact with the Air Force and Navy, he directed the Army's operations alone.
Que Hanqian ordered the artillery to bombard for half an hour before ordering the infantry to charge.It was not yet dawn at that time, and the artillery firepower failed to accurately destroy the fortresses and barbed wire fences in front of the PLA positions.The infantry rushed to the barbed wire and could not move forward. The distance between the two sides was only tens of meters.
That afternoon, Luo Qi led the 95th Division known as "Zhao Zilong Division" to Huludao, and then rushed to the front line to watch the battle.He said to Que Hanqian: "The battle in Jinzhou is fierce. I am here to supervise the battle on behalf of the president. Hurry up and act quickly."
"Today's preparations are insufficient, and the casualties are relatively large. We will fight again at dawn tomorrow." Que Hanqian said.
Luo Qi and Que Hanqian worked out the battle plan together. At dawn on October 11, Que Hanqian commanded 4 divisions to attack the Tashan Bridge and Baitaishan positions.Fights are from 7am to 4pm.The Kuomintang army advanced to build fortifications one or two hundred meters ahead of the fourth column's position in an attempt to create a confrontation.
Hu Qicai, the commander of the 4th column commanding operations on the front line, immediately ordered the front line to counterattack and drove the enemy to the vicinity of Jilong Mountain.At that time, Que Hanqian was supervising the battle on the mountain, and ordered the supervising team to prevent the troops from retreating, so that they withstood the counterattack of the People's Liberation Army.
That afternoon, Hou Jingru, commander of the 17th Corps, led the 21st Division of the 92nd Army to Huludao.The Eastward Corps was under the unified command of Hou Jingru.Hou Jingru called a meeting of officers above the division level that night.After listening to Que Hanqian's report on the battle situation, Hou Jingru ordered the meeting to be adjourned and asked the chiefs of staff to work out a plan.
After the meeting was resumed and the plans of the chiefs of staff were compared, Hou Jingru adopted the plan of Zhang Boquan, Chief of Staff of the 17th Corps: Concentrate forces to attack along the Jinhu Highway.
Roach advocated taking a day off on the 12th and allowing officers above the company commander of the Independent 95th Division to go to the front to reconnaissance the terrain.
On the 12th, after Luo Qi led the officers of the 95th Independence Division to reconnoitre the terrain, he issued a mobilization order: "The 95th Independence Division was called the 'Zhao Zilong Division' by President Jiang. There have been hundreds of battles, and I haven’t lost a single machine gun. Tomorrow’s battle, it’s up to you all to move forward bravely. It’s the tradition of the commanders of the 95th Division to take the lead. Those who rush to the battlefield first will be promoted to a higher level, and those who retreat timidly will be killed without mercy !"
At 4:30 at dawn on the 13th, the Tashan position was covered by artillery fire. At 5:00, the 95th Independent Division, driven by the supervisory team, began to attack.Roach adopts a wave-like impact tactic.The first wave was all armed with submachine guns, and the officers wearing big caps ran far ahead of the team, charging violently, and the first wave was quickly defeated by the People's Liberation Army.Immediately, the second wave rushed over. The formation and tactics were the same, but the weapons were different. Everyone from officers to soldiers had a light machine gun in their hands.They rushed to the place where the first wave was routed and immediately lay down on the ground, pushing the corpses to make a movable bunker, and advancing step by step.
The first-line company of the 28th Regiment of the 10th Division of the 4th Column suffered heavy casualties, and the second echelon has already entered the battle.Cai Zhengguo, commander of the 10th Division, asked the column for artillery support.
The column commander Wu Kehua said excitedly: "Please pay tribute to the commanders and fighters of the 28th regiment. You must persist until dusk. I will immediately order the artillery to support you."
Roach saw that his "shock wave" was completely destroyed, and the PLA's position was still unable to break through. When it was approaching dusk, he took out his "killing mace".
I saw a group of death squads with shirtless arms, red cloth strips on their heads, big knives on their backs, and machine guns swarming up like pirates.
Many positions were broken through, and in the setting sun, the armies of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party launched a brutal hand-to-hand combat.The sun had just set, and Wu Kehua ordered the reserve column to start a counterattack. At the same time, the artillery bombarded the enemy deeply, and the Tashan position was saved again.
In the middle of the night on the 13th, Liu Yalou called Wu Kehua who was guarding Tashan: "All the outskirts of Jinzhou have been cleared, preparations for the siege have been completed, and the general offensive will be launched on the morning of the 14th."
Seeing that the People's Liberation Army was about to launch a general offensive, Fan Hanjie in the dangerous city urgently called Chiang Kai-shek.Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram overnight to Hou Jingru:
In the early morning of the 14th, Hou Jingru ordered the Tashan to be bombarded, and the warships at sea were also bombarded with naval guns.Each unit prepares to attack in front of the position, waits for the air force plane to arrive and then starts to act. At 6:30, the plane flew over Tashan and dropped two 500-pound bombs, which landed on the positions of the Kuomintang and Communist armies respectively, causing dozens of casualties each.Under the cover of the aircraft, the infantry started a new round of fighting.
At 7 o'clock in the morning, Wu Kehua received a call, and an exciting news came: "I am Li Tianyou, the commander of the 1st column, and I have been ordered to be your reserve team. We have arrived at Gaoqiao to stand by."
"On behalf of all the comrades in the 4th vertical, I pay tribute to the big brother of the 1st vertical!" Wu Kehua said excitedly.
At 10 o'clock in the morning, there was a deafening gunfire from the direction of Jinzhou, and even the ground was shaking.
The general attack has begun!
At 10 o'clock in the morning on October 14, hundreds of cannons roared at the same time, and Jinzhou City was suddenly ablaze.City walls and bunkers collapsed and collapsed, barbed wire fences and plum blossom piles were scattered, and moats were also flattened. At 10:40, Han Xianchu, commander of the 3rd column, slammed his fist on the desk, causing the telephone on the desk to jump up.Upon seeing this, the staff immediately rushed out of the command post, fired 8 dazzling flares into the sky, and at the same time the artillery fire began to extend deep into the enemy's position.
Immediately, the sound of the bugle sounded hurriedly under the city of Jinzhou, and the troops rushed towards the breakthrough like a tide.At noon that day, various troops of the People's Liberation Army broke into the urban area one after another, and fierce street fighting began.The artillery shells of Fan Hanjie's defenders have been exhausted, so they can only be beaten passively.At 4 pm, Fan Hanjie decided to break out at dusk.
The sun has not completely set yet, Fan Hanjie can't wait to order: "Break out, otherwise it will be too late!"
After dark, Fan Hanjie finally came out of Jinzhou City. At this time, Lu Junquan, Li Dang and others were all separated.Fan Hanjie led the remnants across the Nanshan Farm and was attacked by the People's Liberation Army again.In the chaos, Fan Hanjie fled to Songshan and ran for two hours at a stretch.After taking a rest, there were only aides, guards and female secretaries around.
When Fan Hanjie climbed to the top of the mountain, he saw that Jinzhou City was in flames, and the sound of guns could be heard endlessly.The adjutant saw a small shack on the east side of the mountain, and suggested that he hide in the shack during the day and rest before moving at night.
At 4:00 p.m. on the 15th, the adjutant reported that the People's Liberation Army from nearby villages had set out for the city.Fan Hanjie decided to act in disguise.
In the early morning of the 16th, Fan Hanjie and his party were walking near the Gujia shack, 20 miles southeast of Jinzhou, when they were stopped by an ambush post of the People's Liberation Army.
At that time, Fan Hanjie was wearing a rotten felt hat, a tattered padded jacket with exposed cotton, and a pair of small cotton trousers that didn't fit well.
哨兵一盘问，发现女人是广东口音，再问其他人都是广东话。哨兵马上明白了，这几个人必是调到东北打内战的国民党军。
果然，带回去一对号，八九不离十。那个戴烂毡帽的人四十出头，大高个子，脸黑秃头，广东口音。这不是范汉杰吗？
经过31小时的激战，东北人民解放军全歼锦州范汉杰集团12万人，生俘范汉杰、卢浚泉以下将官43人。
当天夜里，林彪、罗荣桓在牤牛屯接见范汉杰。
“你对锦州这一仗有什么看法？”林彪问。
“打锦州这一仗，非雄才大略是下不了这个决心的。锦州好比一根扁担，一头挑东北，一头挑华北。现在扁担断了。”范汉杰说。
林彪得意地笑了。
“战略上我们棋高一着。”罗荣桓望了望墙上的毛泽东像，但他没说下这步棋的雄才大略者是毛泽东，“那么，战术上呢？”
“贵军炮火猛烈，出乎意料。我们的炮火全被压制住了。”范汉杰说，“贵军迫近挖壕作业很熟练。我们在地面上看不到部队运动，无法实施阻击。贵军冲锋起来，实难抵挡。”
当锦州城防被解放军突破，激烈的巷战仍在进行时，蒋介石派飞机向锦州空投亲笔信，令范汉杰突围。此时范汉杰正在商讨突围计划。那架负有“党国重任”的飞机，随后直飞长春，向困守孤城达七个月的守军将士投“总统手令”：
10月16日上午，郑洞国召集各军军长和参谋长开会，第7军军长李鸿因患伤寒不能出席。会后，第60军军长曾泽生显得精神紧张，他对郑洞国说：“下午开会讨论突围的事，我已经知道了，我派参谋长徐树民参加，他可以代表我决定一切，我一切都听从司令官决定。”
郑洞国虽见曾泽生神色异常，但他没有作更多的联想，只是点了点头。
曾泽生匆匆离去。不久，第60军暂52师副师长欧阳舞向郑洞国报告：“60军已决定今夜起义。”
随后，第7军参谋长来电话说：“60军的部队有变动，看情况可能发生问题。”
郑洞国大惊失色，立即打电话给曾泽生，但是，线路早就被截断了。郑洞国只好取消突围计划，让第7军派兵警戒，防止第60军发动突然袭击。
17日清晨，郑洞国派副参谋长去找曾泽生，不久，带回一封信：
郑洞国看完信，默默无言，眼睛早就湿润了。周围的部将，一个个垂泪而立，所有人都有一种末日来临之感。半晌，郑洞国才缓过劲来，伤感地说：“长春这座危楼本来只有三根柱子支撑，60军这样一来，是非垮掉不可啦！”
当天夜里，坏消息接踵而至。种种迹象表明第7军也有可能“哗变”。郑洞国瘫坐在沙发里，自言自语道：“又断了一根柱子。”
急促的电话铃声响了几遍，郑洞国手触电话机却无意抓起话筒，他不想听到新的坏消息。参谋长杨友梅看了看电话机，终于忍不住走了过来。郑洞国已抓起了话筒。
“司令官吗？我是曾泽生。”
郑洞国一听，刚准备扣上电话，只听曾泽生说：“有人和你讲话。”
“我是解放军代表。现在长春的局势你是知道的，我们的政策是，放下武器，可以保障生命财产的安全。希望你考虑，不要再作无益的牺牲。”
“既然失败了，”郑洞国故作镇静地说，“除战死以外，还有什么可说，放下武器是做不到的。”
10月19日，第7军宣布放下武器向解放军投诚。随后杨友梅也策划了兵团司令部的“哗变”。他们让士兵对空鸣枪，假装抵抗解放军的进攻，然后全部放下武器宣布投降。其实，压根儿就没有解放军的影子。直到第二天一早，才有一个连的解放军冲进伪满中央银行大楼，将郑洞国等兵团司令部官兵押出大楼。
长春就这样出乎意料地解放了。
10月16日上午，蒋介石写完让郑洞国突围的手令，交航空队空投长春。然后登上“美龄”号座机，飞往锦州上空。
蒋介石命令飞机在锦州上空盘旋。此时锦州城内外枪炮声均已沉寂。蒋介石取下灰呢礼帽，隔着舷窗俯视被战争蹂躏后的锦州。他见许多汽车满载物资从市里往外开，车站的屋顶仍在熊熊燃烧。蒋介石闭上眼睛长叹一声，眼角流出两行泪水。
飞机于11时10分降落在锦西机场。蒋介石披上黄色斗篷，戴好礼帽，走出舱门。侯镜如、阙汉骞、罗奇等东进兵团的将领都在飞机场迎接。蒋介石走下飞机，摘帽朝众人点了一下头，他霜白的鬓发在阳光下尤其醒目，仿佛一夜之间苍老了20岁。
蒋介石没吭一声，闷闷不乐地钻进小汽车，驶往茨山阙汉骞的军部。
走进军部会议厅，蒋介石转身指着阙汉骞大骂：“你不是东西，给你这么多部队，又配备了海空军协同作战，用了几天时间，连一个塔山都攻不下来。你不是黄埔生，你是蝗虫！蝗虫！”
阙汉骞垂头，无言以对。蒋介石接着说：“你们真是无用，以三个军加上空军、海军火力，把塔山都炸平了，都攻不进去。唉，可惜浪费了我20发24生的炮弹。”
所有将领没有一个敢吱声，都垂着头等待蒋介石的训斥。
蒋介石依次又将陈铁、唐云山、桂永清等骂了一顿，却没对主帅侯镜如发作。蒋介石发泄完后，走到军部大院草坪上散步。桂永清和罗奇远远站在一旁，注视着他。
这时，侍卫送来一份电文，并将金边老花眼镜递给蒋介石。他看着电文，双手颤抖，眼眶噙满泪水。这是卫立煌发来的，向他报告锦州失守和长春曾泽生率第60军起义的消息。蒋介石将电文摔给侍卫，狠狠地说：“我跟他们拼了！”
桂永清和罗奇面面相觑，不知蒋介石的话是什么意思。
蒋介石回到会议厅，侯镜如和阙汉骞请他去吃饭。他手一挥，怒喝道：“我不过你们的腐化生活！”
随即，蒋介石让侍卫找了一杯白开水，吃了几块饼干。他对侯镜如说：“共军必定伤亡惨重，不能再战了，你要跟廖耀湘协力，东西对进，夺回锦州。廖耀湘已经到了新立屯。这次你如果再搞不好，我非杀你的头不可！”
蒋介石吃完饼干，乘车赶到飞机场，登上“美龄”号匆匆飞往北平。
蒋介石念念不忘收回锦州，而卫立煌却置锦州于不顾，要廖耀湘兵团回撤沈阳。蒋介石认为东北局势糟到这步田地，全在于将领不听话。为了实现挽救东北几十万大军的计划，他必须找一位能干特别是听话的将领。
他又想起了杜聿明。
杜聿明此时已是徐州“剿总”副总司令，早就拟好了一份以3个兵团主动攻击华东解放军的作战计划。这份计划送到蒋介石手里被搁置一边，他正被东北的战火烧得焦头烂额，根本顾不上徐州战场。
蒋介石回到北平，立即召集傅作义、卫立煌和杜聿明开会，讨论收复锦州问题。卫立煌还是老调重弹：“我认为应迅速令廖兵团回师固守沈阳。如果不放弃西进收复锦州的计划，将有全军覆灭的危险。”
“固守沈阳将会使几十万精锐部队陷于共军重围，长春的下场没看见吗？”蒋介石说，“只有夺回锦州，进可恢复东北，退可撤往华北。否则，你们都要被共军包围吃掉。”
卫立煌和蒋介石各执己见，争论了四五个小时，卫立煌仍不让步。蒋介石见傅作义一言不发，于是问：“宜生（傅作义）兄的意见如何？”
“关系国家大事，要好好考虑。”傅作义当然明白收复锦州之举是危险的，但他不想让蒋介石难堪，只好以圆滑世故的一句话搪塞过去。
蒋介石转而问杜聿明。杜聿明说：“廖兵团收复锦州把握不大，校长如果想将军队撤出东北，不能强攻锦州，唯一的出路是走营口。”
蒋介石见都不同意他的计划，气得拍打桌椅大骂卫立煌。卫立煌只要能保证不撤离沈阳，挨骂受气都不在乎。蒋介石又捶着光亮亮的额头说：“马歇尔害了我们的国家。原来在抗战胜利后，我决定军队进到锦州后再不向前推进。后来马歇尔一定要接收东北，把我们所有的精锐部队都调到东北，弄得现在连守南京的部队也没有了，真是害死人！”
最后会议毫无结果，蒋介石与卫立煌不欢而散。
第二天一早，蒋介石召见杜聿明。杜聿明害怕搅进东北战场，而误了他的徐州战场，当即提出辞行。
“徐州不要紧，重要的还是东北。”蒋介石说。
“东北我军士气不振，各军残缺不全，要想收复锦州，必须先补充整训，再相机行事。”杜聿明说。
蒋介石问参军罗泽凯的意见。
“我们有空军优势、炮兵优势，现在可以同共军决战。”罗泽凯说。
杜聿明说：“既然罗参军认为目前可与共军决战，请校长重用他去东北对敌。”
“不行，不行！”罗参军吓得连连摆手。
“校长看收复锦州有几成把握？”杜聿明问。
“六成把握总有。”蒋介石说。
“孙子说，夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也，多算胜，少算不胜。现在我们算到六成，只会失败，不会胜利。”杜聿明说。
蒋介石满脸窘态。
杜聿明接着说：“孙子说五则攻之，十则围之，倍则奇正并用，有奇无正，有正无奇，每战必殆。以目前敌我兵力比较，不是我倍于敌，更谈不上什么奇兵正兵。相反，倒是敌倍于我，敌人有奇有正，并可能集中五倍十倍兵力攻我、围我、消灭我军。所以，我认为目前收复锦州是凶多吉少，并有全军覆灭的危险。”
“我们失去锦州就会失去美国的援助，这是关系到全局的战略大计。”蒋介石提高声调嚷道。顿了一会儿，他又尽量显得平静地说，“我把东北完全交给你好了。你去指挥廖耀湘兵团攻打黑山，收复锦州。同时命令52军先占领营口，掩护廖耀湘的后路。”
杜聿明无可奈何地接受了“跳火坑”的差事。东北内战由他开场，还得由他收场，这是一个历史的巧合。
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Notes: