Chapter 3 Chapter Two Three Kingdoms and Four Parties

On October 11, 1945, the second day after the signing of the "Double Ten Agreement", Chiang Kai-shek invited Mao Zedong to have breakfast at his official residence in Shandong Linyuan in Chongqing. This was also the last meeting between the two historical giants.Although it is breakfast, it is still luxurious.During the meeting, both parties toasted frequently, full of compliments.The atmosphere was so warm that it was hard to see that this was a pair of sworn enemies.Mao Zedong was in high spirits, and expressed his emotions, saying that he had lived a life of poverty, and that it was only in Chongqing that he opened his eyes and realized what "heaven and earth" is.

Chiang Kai-shek was very sensitive and asked with a smile, "Brother Run is criticizing Chongqing for its extravagance?" "Where's the criticism?" Mao Zedong secretly winked at Zhou Enlai, "'This song should only exist in the sky, how many times can I hear it in the world', it is envy!" Zhang Zhizhong was afraid that his words would not be speculative and broke the rule of "no politics during the banquet", so he raised his glass to toast and changed the topic.So the banquet returned to the topic of "I wish Mr. Jiang health" and "I wish Mr. Mao a smooth journey".

After the meal, the joy on Chiang Kai-shek's face disappeared, and he regained his dignity at the negotiating table.He warned Mao Zedong for the last time: "The CCP must abolish the 'liberated areas', otherwise national unity will become empty talk. The government must not accommodate this issue!" Holding the teacup, Mao Zedong still smiled and said: "This issue has been debated for a month. The opinions of the two sides are far apart. I am deeply regretful that we could not reach an agreement. However, the negotiations are still fruitful. Both sides have confirmed their opposition to civil war, The policy of peaceful nation-building."

"In particular, the CCP is determined to build a new China of freedom, democracy and the Three People's Principles under the leadership of Chairman Jiang." Zhang Zhizhong interjected, "This is the biggest gain from this negotiation." Hearing this, Mao Zedong showed an inscrutable smile.After 43 days of fighting, the "Double Ten Agreement" came into being. Those that should be compromised have already been conceded, and those that should not be conceded will not be conceded even if they are "sit in the classroom". Zhou Enlai kept raising his wrist to look at his watch, wanting to end the meeting as soon as possible. As soon as 9 o'clock arrived, Zhang Zhizhong was reminded: "There are still many people waiting at the airport."

Zhang Zhizhong hurriedly said: "It's getting late. According to the report from the airport, the weather will turn cloudy after 10 o'clock, and there will be charged clouds, which will affect takeoff." Mao Zedong and his party hurriedly left and went straight to Jiulongpo Airport. At 9:45, the C-47 transport plane flew to the free sky carrying the relieved Mao Zedong. After Mao Zedong left, Chiang Kai-shek's heart was particularly heavy.Dai Li, the head of the military reunification spy, often advised him to "make a decisive decision" to prevent Mao Zedong from leaving Yu, and complained in private: "The one who takes over Chairman Chiang's world must be this person!" Whose life will Lou Zi stop!" Why did Chiang Kai-shek suddenly soften?One of the reasons was international pressure; the other was that the Northeast issue held his hands. He was afraid that the Soviet Union would hand over the Northeast to the CCP.At that time, there was a popular saying in Chongqing: "Whoever wins the Northeast wins the world!"

Chiang Kai-shek is not without strategic vision, he has long recognized the importance of the Northeast's strategic position.However, the Northeast is under the control of the Soviet Army. Without the cooperation of the Soviet Union, it would be tantamount to dreaming to accept the sovereignty of the Northeast.At that time, Chiang Kai-shek hadn't realized that his biggest opponent was not Stalin, but Mao Zedong.His estimate of the strength of Yan'an was not even as accurate as that of US President Truman.In fact, the Americans opposed the Chinese civil war because they saw clearly that Chiang Kai-shek was simply incapable of conquering the CCP by force.But Chiang Kai-shek has such self-confidence, so he always tries his best to destroy the peace and provoke the flames of war.Later, when Marshall came to China to mediate, he couldn't see that Marshall was helping him. Instead, he sent the world-class strategist back home in despair.

Chiang Kai-shek's mentality at the end of the Anti-Japanese War was "I am number one in the world".Even after retreating to Taiwan, he didn't seem to wake up. He wrote a book "Soviet Russia in China", and still put the main "hatred" that lost the mainland on the account of the Soviet Union. At this time, he learned through various channels that the CCP armed forces had poured into the Northeast in large numbers. On the day the "Double Ten Agreement" was signed, he sent Xiong Shihui, Jiang Jingguo and others to leave Chongqing by plane and fly to Changchun, where he began to negotiate with the Soviet army to take over the Northeast.Of course, he had no illusions, hoping that the Soviets would hand over the Northeast to him smoothly in accordance with the agreement, so he also prepared to send troops to "rob".

But Chiang Kai-shek made a fatal mistake in the key link of fighting for the Northeast, that is, to delay the game. The Du Yuming Department of the Expeditionary Army is the trump card in Chiang Kai-shek's hands, and he is going to use this trump card to compete for Manchuria, which is fertile and thousands of miles away.When the CCP troops were rushing towards Manchuria, Du Yuming's troops were in Kunming stationed in painstaking efforts to deal with the "King of Yunnan" Long Yun. It was already mid-October when he completely dealt with Long Yun and calmed down the situation.

Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek could only wait and watch Xiong Shihui, Jiang Jingguo and others go to Changchun to try their luck. On October 12, more than 40 people including Xiong Shihui and Jiang Jingguo arrived in Changchun on two special planes.The Soviet Army sent Lieutenant General Novsky and Major General Karirov to wait at the airport to greet them.Both Xiong and Jiang participated in the negotiations in Moscow, and the lively scene when the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" was signed is still flashing in my mind.They are obviously not as pessimistic as Chiang Kai-shek, and they still have certain illusions about the Soviets.

As soon as Xiong Shihui stepped into the Northeast, he immediately had the feeling of Zhang Zuolin. In the eyes of the Chinese, he was the "King of the Northeast", and at the same time he was subject to foreign occupation forces. Good relationship.Fortunately for him, the Soviet army's legal days in the Northeast are only a few dozen days away. After these few dozen days, he will be even more majestic than Zhang Zuolin!Chiang Kai-shek gave him the title of Chairman of the Northeast Camp and Director of the Northeast Camp Political Committee, responsible for "administratively receiving" sovereignty from the Soviet army and taking over all military and political power.Chiang Ching-kuo's title was diplomatic envoy, responsible for negotiating with the Soviet army.They divided the Northeast into nine provinces according to the administrative divisions of the Puppet Manchukuo, and of course the provincial chairman and mayor were indispensable among the people traveling with them.These "parent officials" in the Northeast are full of ambition at this time, and they all think that they have embarked on a bright future.

The Soviet general seemed very enthusiastic, and he opened his arms like embracing a "lover" and hugged the group of future Manchurian rulers all over.The spotlights of the reporters kept flickering. There is no doubt that within 24 hours this warm and touching scene will be spread all over the world through the news media. The Soviet army arranged them in luxurious mansions, and sent female soldiers to serve, male soldiers to guard, and cars. In the afternoon, Marshal Malinovsky hosted a banquet in person, and this marshal, who drank so much, made Xiong Shihui and others dizzy.During the meeting, the Marshal frequently proposed: "To the health of Chairman Chiang Kai-shek and Generalissimo Stalin!" The next day, Xiong Shihui convened a meeting with all the staff, and arranged to separately inquire about information from all parties, as a basis for negotiations.The meeting appointed Mo Dehui to be in charge of politics, Zhang Jiaao to be in charge of economy, Jin Zhen and Dong Yanping to be in charge of military affairs, Qi Shiying to be in charge of culture and education, and stipulated that they would meet at 9 am every day to exchange information. Mo Dehui had served in the Northeast Army for many years and was familiar with many puppet Manchukuo military and political dignitaries. As soon as he showed the signboard of "Northeast Consolation Envoy" in Changchun, there were a lot of guests.The military and political personnel of the Puppet Manchukuo all over the country and the green forest heroes who wanted to vote for the "orthodox" Central Army worshiped under him one after another, and he introduced them to Xiong Shihui one by one.It's really worth a hundred times once they climbed the Dragon Gate, and those "traitors" and "thieves" who were in constant panic all day suddenly turned into senior officers such as commanders and commanders-in-chief of the national army. Zhang Jiaao actively contacted the big capitalists to investigate the current economic situation in Northeast China.Taking over the enemy's and puppet property and profiting from it is the secret to taking over the big officials in the pass to get rich, and they have long been jealous.I thought that the Northeast's economy is far greater than that of the customs, and they can make a lot of money. Unexpectedly, the news from all sides made them go crazy!The Soviets regarded the industrial equipment, food, goods, and means of transportation in the Northeast as trophies, and transported them to their country by trains, cars, and ships around the clock like ants moving their houses.The Soviet army looted all the gold in the Japanese and puppet banks, and the cash was withdrawn by truckloads. Jin Zhen drove around in a Soviet jeep, and the information he received shocked Xiong Shihui even more.The intelligence said that the CCP reorganized a large number of puppet Manchukuo military and police, and used the Japanese and puppet weapons handed over by the Soviet army to recruit troops everywhere. At present, there are CCP armed forces and organizations in nine northeastern provinces. Qi Shiying desperately developed the Kuomintang organization and carried out anti-Soviet and anti-communist activities.He publicly declared: "In the past, our enemies were first the Japanese aggressors, and the second was the traitors. Now our enemies in the Northeast have become: the first is the Soviet Union, the second is the Communist Party, the third is the Japanese aggressors, and the fourth is the traitors." .” His words were quickly learned by the Soviet army.Representatives of the Soviet Army lodged a serious protest to Chiang Ching-kuo, so frightened that Chiang Ching-kuo hurriedly reported to Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek was most afraid of annoying the Soviets, so with a telegram, Qi Shiying lost his job as a "receiving officer in the Northeast" and returned to Chongqing in desperation. Xiong Shihui and Jiang Jingguo began to negotiate with the Soviet army based on the situation they had.There are three key points in their negotiation: 1. Protest that the Soviet army transported away a large amount of industrial equipment, school laboratory equipment, medical equipment and transportation, and demand that the Soviet army stop such actions. 2. Protest that the Soviet Army supported the CCP’s establishment of political power and the development of armed forces in the Northeast, and handed over the ordnance in the Japanese and puppet arsenal to the CCP. This violated the principle of “only supporting the Nationalist Government” in the agreement. 3. Ask the Soviet Army to assist the Nationalist Government in taking over the Northeast. The representative of the Soviet Army replied as follows: 1. All objects used by the Japanese army in the Soviet-occupied areas are the legal spoils of the Soviet army. 2. The anti-Japanese armed forces and democratic regimes in Northeast China were all established by the people of Northeast China and had nothing to do with the Soviet Army.The statement about the transfer of the Soviet Army's general arsenal to the CCP is purely a rumor. 3. "Administrative takeover" is China's internal affairs, and it is inconvenient for the Soviet army to participate. Xiong Shihui and Jiang Jingguo were disappointed when they heard this reply. On October 21, Xiong Shihui had no choice but to fly back to Chongqing and personally ask Chiang Kai-shek for advice on countermeasures. At this time, Long Yun had been forced to leave his hometown in Yunnan, where he had been entrenched for more than ten years, and went to Chongqing to assume the vacant post of "President of the Military Senate".Chiang Kai-shek went to a concern, but was stunned by the news brought by Xiong Shihui-the CCP has already entered Manchuria first! He had to play his trump card quickly.As a result, Du Yuming became the vanguard of Chiang Kai-shek's military struggle for the Northeast. Northeast Security Commander Du Yuming is a well-known anti-Japanese hero in the national army. In November 1939, the 12th Brigade of the 5th Division of the Japanese Army, known as the "Steel Army", landed from the Beibu Gulf, drove straight into it, captured Nanning, and then captured the strategically important southern Guangxi-Kunlun Pass. In mid-December, Du Yuming led the 5th Army, the earliest mechanized unit of the national army, to meet the enemy. After 18 days of fierce fighting, more than 4,000 people under the head of the enemy brigade were killed and won the Kunlun Pass victory.Masao Nakamura, head of the enemy brigade, wrote in his diary: "The reason why the 12th Brigade of the 5th Division of the Imperial Imperial Army won the title of 'Steel Army' in the Russo-Japanese War was because our army's tenacity defeated the enemy. The tenacity of the Russians. However, at Kunlun Pass, I should admit that I encountered an army stronger than the Russians." Du Yuming became famous all over the country because of this, and became a well-known anti-Japanese general in China. In early 1942, Du Yuming led the 5th Army on an expedition to Burma. Although he was defeated and returned home, he gained international reputation.The unit he led was the earliest mechanized unit in China, and after the expedition to Burma, he had rich practical experience and was the elite of Jiang's army at that time. On October 22, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Du Yuming and said, "Go to Changchun to contact the Soviet army and ask them to cover the landing of the national army at various ports in the northeast and take over territorial sovereignty in accordance with the Sino-Soviet treaty." Du Yuming heard that the negotiations between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Soviet ambassador to China to take over the Northeast had no results, and that Xiong Shihui had also hit a wall in Changchun, and it was rumored that the Eighth Route Army had entered the Northeast by land and sea.He said worriedly: "If the communist army has indeed entered the Northeast first, and the Soviet army does not assume the responsibility of covering, how will our army land?" Chiang Kai-shek pondered for a while, then said, "You go to Changchun first and meet with Malinovsky before talking about it. According to the agreement, they should be responsible for covering. Of course, we have no illusions about this." Du Yuming said: "Okay, the students have to try it out once." "You first go to Nanjing to see Commander-in-Chief He Yingqin and ask his opinion, and then go to Shanghai to see the commander of the U.S. 7th Fleet, Kincaid, and ask him how many national troops the U.S. military can transport at one time, and whether he can cover the landing of the national army. The second step is waiting for you Let’s talk about it after we come back from Changchun.” On October 24, Du Yuming flew to Nanjing to visit Army Commander-in-Chief He Yingqin.At that time, He Yingqin was in a state of desperation, and when he saw Du Yuming, he tore open the black curtain in front of the map. "The Communist Party is making trouble everywhere and sabotaging our surrender plan. Gao Shuxun's department, which went north along the Ping-Han Line, suffered a big loss in the north of Xinxiang. Tens of thousands of people were reimbursed. , the national army was blocked near Xuzhou. The Communist Party destroyed all the railway bridges and culverts, and even armed to intercept the national army..." He Yingqin ran around in front of a huge military map, talking endlessly about the obstacles encountered by the Kuomintang army in taking over North China Case. "The main force of the national army south of the Yangtze River should be transferred to North China, and the Ping-Han and Jin-Pu railways should be opened up as soon as possible. Otherwise, it will be difficult to control the North China region, and the sovereignty of the Northeast region will also come to naught. If the Communist Party occupies the Northeast and North China, the consequences will be disastrous. "Du Yuming took great pains to overthrow Long Yun in Kunming, but he didn't expect the situation to be so bad. He immediately felt that Chiang Kai-shek's overthrowing Long Yun was really a waste of opportunity, and the gain outweighed the loss. "For the matter in the Northeast, you can directly ask the Chairman for instructions. It is reported that the Communist Army is advancing from Shandong and Shanhaiguan by land and water, and is continuously entering the Northeast. Brother, your errand is not easy!" He Yingqin said again indignantly, "Accept The generals of the national army in the south of the Yangtze River are corrupt and corrupt. They take advantage of the opportunity of accepting the enemy's and puppet property to fill their own pockets. First chance." At this time, Army Chief of Staff Xiao Yisu came in with an official document: "Guang Ting (Du Yuming), you are the only one here! Things in the Northeast are so tricky, and if it is too late, it will become the Communist Army's world!" He Yingqin signed the official document that strictly ordered the generals of the national army to open up the communication line quickly.Xiao Yisu proposed to issue another order to punish the slow-moving generals.He Yingqin looked troubled and remained silent.Du Yuming knew in his heart that He Yingqin had a job but no power, and those who supported the army and were arrogant and extravagant were all Chairman Jiang's favorite generals. That night, Xiao Yisu hosted a banquet for Du Yuming. During the meeting, they talked about the strategic situation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party competing for the world, and both of them sighed.Xiao Yisu complained: "The Americans have also helped a lot. At the beginning, Commander-in-Chief He had drawn up a takeover plan to order the nearby troops to accept the surrender. The Americans firmly opposed it. They wanted to monopolize the right to accept the surrender, and only agreed to airlift the troops from the southwest. Strategically important places were surrendered. At that time, Gu Zhutong was in Zhejiang and asked to go to the Beijing-Shanghai area to accept the surrender, but the Americans did not agree." Du Yuming is a very shrewd person, and immediately realized the samadhi: "Because most of the troops in the Southwest are equipped with beautiful weapons and have technical guidance from US military consultants, I understand!" "That's right! Commander-in-Chief He is very dissatisfied with the Americans' idea of ​​looking far away, but they have a tough attitude and threaten to refuse to help with transportation, and we have nothing to do." Xiao Yisu sighed, "The Beijing-Shanghai area is easy to handle, but Pingjin and the Northeast We are beyond our reach in the area, and without the help of the Americans, the transportation can only be thrown to the Communist Party, so the commissioner and Commander-in-Chief He can only listen to the Americans in the end." Du Yuming participated in the expeditionary force and dealt with Americans a lot. He once disobeyed Stilwell's orders.That stubborn American general didn't even look down on Chiang Kai-shek, but Du Yuming dared to contradict him.This incident can reflect one aspect of Du Yuming's character.Du Yuming led the remnants of the remnants to escape from death and retreated to the country. After returning to China, he took the initiative to "ask the principal for punishment", and Chiang Kai-shek promoted him instead.Chiang Kai-shek and Stilwell were enemies, perhaps this is the reason why Du Yuming was a blessing in disguise.Stilwell did not fight against Chiang Kai-shek in the end, and was dismissed and returned home.The new US military commander Wei Demei has a good relationship with Du Yuming. The next day, Du Yuming went to Shanghai to meet Kincaid, commander of the U.S. 7th Fleet.At this time, U.S. President Truman had made up his mind to fully support Chiang Kai-shek.The United States and the Soviet Union fell into a vicious circle on the China issue.At first they had a tacit understanding that the United States recognized the Soviet Union's privileges in the Northeast, and the Soviet Union recognized Chiang Kai-shek's National Government, and the United States and the Soviet Union jointly promoted peace talks between the two opposing parties in China.Once the peaceful situation in China is realized, there will be such a prospect—the Soviet Union has the economic privileges in the Northeast, while the United States has the economic privileges in the customs.There must be a prerequisite for this situation to occur, that is, the United States has absolute control over Chiang Kai-shek and the Soviet Union has absolute control over the CCP.Both Roosevelt and Stalin had this confidence when the Yalta Agreement was signed.But the facts after the war proved that both the Americans and the Soviets were wrong.They have influence but no control over whichever side China supports.In this way, the balance will never be realized. First of all, the vision of "unifying China under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek" cannot be realized. The United States suspected that the Soviet Union did not follow the agreement to oppress the CCP, and even secretly supported the CCP. Therefore, it helped disarm the Japanese and puppet In the name of directly intervening in China's internal affairs.The emergence of US sea and air forces in China has committed a big taboo.Stalin once warned Chiang Ching-kuo: "As long as one American soldier comes to China, everything will be difficult." Therefore, the Soviet Union will naturally embarrass Chiang Kai-shek on the Northeast issue.The interests of all parties are intertwined into a mess, which becomes more and more chaotic. In the end, all parties can only go their own way, and no one can trust anyone. When Du Yuming confided to the American allies about the fact that the CCP army had entered the Northeast by sea and land, Kincaid very righteously scolded the Soviets for not abiding by the agreement and vowed to take revenge. "I am ordered by Chairman Jiang to ask your commander to send ships to help the national army transport troops to the northeast." Kincaid said generously: "My fleet came to China to support the Chinese government in accepting complete territorial sovereignty. The transport ships and landing craft are all ready, and they can anchor as long as an order is given." Du Yuming was greatly surprised that the negotiation went so smoothly, and immediately telegraphed the "good news" to the "principal" in Chongqing. On October 27, Du Yuming flew to Peiping and transferred to Changchun the next day.Meeting with Marshal Malinovsky that evening.What is even more surprising is that the marshal's enthusiasm even surpassed Kincaid's. He said: "Our Soviet Union has always been friendly with the Chinese people. This friendly situation was created by Sun Yat-sen and Lenin. I firmly believe that the friendship between China and the Soviet Union is eternal. General Du Leading the troops to take over the territorial sovereignty of the Northeast, the Soviet army welcomes it very much. Whether you come by sea or by land, I welcome you!" Du Yuming said: "The national army will come by sea, and the Soviet army is asked to assume the responsibility of covering the ports." "The Lushun and Dalian areas are not under my jurisdiction." Malinovsky unfolded a map and said, "After disarming the Japanese army, our army is about to retreat back home. Now there are no Soviet troops in Shanhaiguan and Huludao, and there are a small number of Soviet troops in Yingkou. .” Du Yuming immediately expressed his intention to land from Yingkou.Malinovsky picked up a pencil and marked the position of the Soviet army on the map, and also marked the name of the commander of the Soviet army's Yingkou garrison on the map.Finally, the marshal rolled up the map and handed it to Du Yuming himself, and said with a smile: "The Soviet army will meet your army at Yingkou. I wish General Du good luck!" When Du Yuming said goodbye, the marshal was all smiles, and said that next time he came to Changchun, he must have a few drinks. On the 29th, Du Yuming flew out of Changchun, and then flew to Chongqing via Beiping the next day.Du Yuming, who knew nothing about diplomacy, happily reported to Chiang Kai-shek the situation of negotiations with the United States and the Soviet Union.Chiang Kai-shek was also very surprised when he saw the map Malinovsky sent, thinking it was the result of pressure from the United States. "We have negotiated with Hurley and Wedemeyer. The US ships will transport the 13th Army and the 52nd Army to Yingkou for landing. Now the 13th Army has been transported to Qinhuangdao, and the 52nd Army will be shipped from Vietnam." Chiang Kai-shek said, "You will arrive quickly. Qinhuangdao went to Yingkou on a U.S. warship to negotiate with the Soviet army about the landing." On the 31st, Du Yuming led his staff to fly to Peiping, arrived in Tianjin the next day, and met with Locke, commander of the 3rd Marine Corps in Tianjin. "Chairman Jiang asked me to express condolences to the US military officers and soldiers stationed in Tianjin on behalf of himself and the Nationalist government." Du Yuming handed a diplomatic document to Locke, "I hope that the US military can maintain the safety of the Tianjin-Qinhuangdao railway to ensure that the national army can smoothly take over Northeast China. .” Locke readily agreed, and said: "The fleet commander, General Kincaid, has returned home, and the acting commander, General Barbey, is heading to Qinhuangdao by ship. Go and negotiate with him about going to Yingkou." On November 3, Du Yuming and Barbey aboard the USS "Torol" anchored from Qinhuangdao and sailed for Yingkou.This huge warship could not dock, so they had to use a small motorboat to drive to the pier with two Jiang's army staff officers and four American soldiers.Barbey and Du Yuming watched with binoculars on the bridge. "Why is there no Soviet flag on the pier?" Du Yuming asked in surprise, "Why is there no sign on that red flag?" Barbey was puzzled by the red flag on the shore: "It doesn't look like a regular military flag or national flag, it's probably a substitute like a red tablecloth." After the motorboat docked, two of Jiang's army staff officers entered the urban area of ​​Yingkou under the escort of American soldiers, and found that the streets were full of heavily armed Chinese soldiers, and not a single Soviet with a big nose could be seen.They went to the Soviet military camp according to the location marked by Malinovsky on the map, but they encountered a large number of Chinese soldiers.When those Chinese soldiers saw the high-nosed American soldiers, they immediately gathered around to watch the "Western view". "Which part are you from?" Jiang Jun asked. "Which part do you belong to?" A bearded man with a pistol on his back asked back. "We are representatives of General Du, the chief of the Northeast Security Commander, and we are looking for the Soviet Army's security commander on business." "Looking for the Soviet garrison commander?" The big man said with a smile, "I left early, and there is not a single Soviet soldier here now." "Then what army are you?" "We are the Northeast People's Autonomous Army led by the Communist Party of China." The big man put on a straight face and taught, "The Northeast is self-governing, and we do not welcome US imperialism and its lackeys!" "Get out! Yankees and lackeys, get out!" The Chinese soldiers roared together, scaring the four American soldiers and fleeing through the crowd.Seeing that the situation was not good, the two Jiang army staff officers also ran behind, and they didn't bother to pick up their military caps when they fell off. Du Yuming's face was livid with anger after hearing the staff officer's report.Thinking of Malinovsky's performance in Changchun, he couldn't help being furious: "How dare the Soviets make international jokes!" Barbey comforted: "The Soviets never kept their promises. General Du doesn't have to be angry. With the backing of the powerful United States, you can command the army to fight in!" "It seems that we can only use force!" Du Yuming gritted his teeth. On November 5, Du Yuming flew to Chongqing to report to Chiang Kai-shek.After Chiang Kai-shek scolded the Soviets, he said: "We must enter the Northeast! Guangting, are you sure that you will lead the national army to take over the sovereignty of the Northeast by force?" "Give me 10 armies, and I will definitely wipe out all the Communist armies in the Northeast and restore the sovereignty of the Northeast." "If 10 troops can't be dispatched, you should take two troops to fight in through Shanhaiguan." Chiang Kai-shek felt unsure as soon as he said the words, "Go to the military headquarters and discuss a plan with them." Du Yuming immediately went to the military headquarters, and those high-ranking officers shook their heads when they heard that two armies were used to attack Shanhaiguan.Based on intelligence, they judged that there were nearly 100,000 Communist troops near Shanhaiguan.Du Yuming said: "I just came from Qinhuangdao. According to my reconnaissance, there are only 50,000 people in the Communist Army." In fact, there were only about 30,000 people in the Li Yunchang Department of the Eighth Route Army near Shanhaiguan. "I don't think it's a big problem to use two armies to attack Shanhaiguan," Du Yuming said. "However, we must increase the follow-up troops, otherwise we will not be able to advance to the hinterland of the northeast." The military command was noncommittal about Du Yuming's opinion, and asked him to ask Chiang Kai-shek again. "First assign the east of Tianjin to the Northeast camp." Chiang Kai-shek weighed it over and over again, but he really couldn't spare more troops, so he said, "You first command the 13th Army, 52nd Army, and 94th Army to defeat Shanhaiguan." Du Yuming led the order to fly to Peiping, and received a telegram from He Yingqin as soon as he got off the plane, ordering him to lead the 13th Army, 52nd Army, 92nd Army and 90th Army to attack Rehe first and recover Chengde.Du Yuming ignored He Yingqin's telegram and decided to carry out Chiang Kai-shek's instruction to attack Shanhaiguan first.At this time, Xiong Shihui ordered the 5th Division of the 94th Army to be airlifted to Changchun.The 94th Army was stationed in the east of Tianjin and was originally under the control of Li Zongren, the director of the Northeast Battalion. The decision to assign it to the Northeast Battalion aroused Li Zongren's dissatisfaction.There was a sharp conflict between Li and Xiong. In the end, Li Zongren, the leader of the Guangxi faction, gained the upper hand, and the 5th Division remained in place.Xiong Shihui had no choice but to airlift the two corps of Jiang Pengfei's incorporated puppet army to Changchun. On April 16, 1954, Mr. Jingguo, the crown prince of the Chiang family who had retreated to Taiwan, stayed overnight in Sanzhan Village, Hualien. At this time, he found a group of officers and soldiers sitting by the sea and chatting, so the prince leaned over to "talk about his thoughts" with them. The prince was surprised to find that most of them had been to the Northeast after the Anti-Japanese War, fought countless fierce battles with the communist army, and some of them were injured many times.They talked endlessly about the Northeast War, and they didn't leave until late at night. The prince looked back on the past nine years ago that "had a great bearing on the fate of the country", and he had mixed feelings for a moment, making it difficult to fall asleep.It was during this sleepless night that the prince decided to publish the diary he wrote in Changchun in the winter of the thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945) and named it "Five Hundred and Four Hours". The diary was written from October 25 to November 14, 1945, a total of 21 days and 504 hours, there is no doubt about it.When it was published, the author made careful editing and polishing, and the historical facts provided may not be accurate, but one thing is beyond doubt, that is Chiang Ching-kuo's mentality at that time. October 26: In the afternoon, a Russian consultant, Mr. Ba, came to see him. On behalf of Marinsky (Malinovsky), he formally explained to us that since his campers came to Changchun, there have been many anti-Russian actions in various places. It is stated that our camp personnel are not allowed to go out for inspection.The meaning of Ba’s words seems to refer to the so-called anti-Russian actions, which are indirectly related to the camp; but his tone and attitude are completely threatening and warning, which is really uncomfortable... Changchun Police Chief has changed people, and I heard that the Communist Army sent someone to take over , this matter is extremely important.Recently, when I was bored, I used to talk and answer every time I played child's play; the time difference can relieve my worries, but afterwards it will increase my boredom.Those who are as loyal as others are definitely not diplomatic personnel. October 28: ... In the afternoon, Joba met, but the Russian liaison officer said that he didn't know where Ba was. Yu was deeply stimulated, but it was appropriate to hold back for the sake of the country.Mariinsky (Malinovsky) also avoided seeing X. This may be Russia's preparation for a policy change.Living in a boring place, I took a walk with Shijie on the street in the afternoon.Before going to bed at night, I stand on a small balcony, people are quiet at first, the wind suddenly picks up, looking east at the bright moon rising, branches swaying in front of the window, I don’t know what to think.The country has no strength, so it has to be tempted and patient. November 1: X got a message at night that the Communist Army was active in Changchun City and the Public Security Bureau would expand. Because of his anxiety, he asked Yu to go to business late at night. November 3: Yu Geng made a statement to the Russian representative: "We admit that we are a weak country, but our country's decision-making and attitude towards others are based on justice. Discuss at the Ming Dynasty."...The camp received a telegram from the Military Commission, saying that representatives of the U.S. Department of the United States came to the Northeast from the United States, Japan, and South Korea, and the camp should try to entertain them.For the sake of prudence, Xingying notified the Russian side of this matter; but the Russian side misunderstood it, thinking that Xingying asked the quasi-American plane to come to the commander, and protested in the afternoon, and there was no problem after explanation.Even this trivial matter can also show the bad relationship between the United States and Russia. November 4: I met Ba at 3:00 p.m., and after discussing administrative issues, he declared to Yu: "First, the Kuomintang has secret armed personnel who are ambushing everywhere and destroying the Russian army. Organize a local team. 2. The 18th Group Army troops were found in Yingkou, and the current situation is unknown. After Nianxingying came here, he was very willing to establish relations with Russia, but the Russian side was in trouble everywhere. Knowing the seriousness of the international situation and the complexity of the Northeast issue, we can only do our best to serve the country to the end. We are paying attention to changes every day, and there are many things that seem to be changing. I will report the conversation with Russia today The government. For ×, I will see the content of Marinsky’s (Malinovsky’s) speech, and divide it into three points: 1. Troop formation, 2. Yingkou landing, and 3. Responsibility for maintaining law and order in the Northeast...Because The challenge of the Communist Army is actually related to the deployment of Soviet Russia in the Northeast; our views on various issues must not be careless." November 5: I couldn't sleep well yesterday, and the sound of gunfire and cars outside the door was endless. This is a sign of unrest in the Northeast.The east was pale, and I recalled the negotiation process on the bed, including thirteen items: 1. The Russian side opposed our army's landing in Dalian and had formally issued a statement.2. Although the Russian side allowed our troops to land on Huludao and Yingkou, they were unwilling to take responsibility for the safety of the Chinese troops landing on Huludao, and they also suddenly claimed that the communist army was found in Yingkou, which meant that they did not take responsibility for their safety.3. The Russian side originally agreed to repair the Beining Road to facilitate the transportation of our army. Later, it said that the section from Jinzhou to Shanhaiguan was unclear due to the presence of the Communist army, and he was unwilling to do anything about it.4. The Russian side promised to repair the railway from Shenyang to Gubeikou and tried to make it open to traffic, but repeatedly said that there was banditry in this area and that it could not be responsible for the safety of railway transportation.5. The camp asked for the formation of local troops, which was rejected by the Russian side.6. The Russian side had already promised that, except for Dalian, the camp inspectors could go to various places for inspection, but later they withdrew the promise on the pretext of uneasy places.Even if our side goes to Jehol to buy military leather clothing, the Russian side is not allowed to pass.7. The Russian side originally called telegraph post, and we could send personnel to receive and sort it out, but it was rejected later.8. Our request to Russia to prepare trains in Yingkou, Jinzhou and other places for troop transport was also rejected.9. Our side requires the airlift troops to land one week before the Russian side retreats, and the Russian side only allows four days before;10. The Russian side agrees on the surface to send our administrative staff to various places to pick up work, but in fact it does not assist in transportation.11. Our borrowing of cars, ships, and planes from Russia was rejected.12. The Russian side has protested to us twice because the flight procedures of the plane have not been cleared.13. The Russian side said that the anti-Russian remarks in various places happened after the camp arrived, and issued unreasonable warnings; it later said that the camp should be responsible for the anti-Russian words and deeds of the Chinese Kuomintang. ………… In the morning, I discussed with XX the content of Mariinsky's (Malinovsky's) conversation. X obtained information about the activities of the Communist Army in Changchun, and with other stimuli, decided to hold talks with the Russian side, with the attitude of breaking up if necessary; We believe that although the situation is tense, it is not time for a rupture, and we must not give up the Northeast easily; in the end, we decided to focus on whether Yingkou can land in Yingkou.Meeting with Malinovsky at 1:00 p.m., he formally notified that Yingkou had been occupied by the "Eighteenth Group Army" and that the Russian side could not be responsible for the safety of our troops landing there.In addition, the issue of air transportation administration was discussed again, but none of them allowed us to give us the convenience we deserve.This is really the beginning of danger, especially the fact that the Russian side is not responsible for the safety of the Yingkou landing, and it is even more proof that it does not want our army to move to the Northeast. In the conversation, X mentioned that the Northeast issue could not be resolved smoothly, and that the Russian side should be responsible. The Russian side immediately protested, almost reaching a stalemate.Yu turned around and eased the atmosphere. Because of diplomatic talks, "the attitude is square and upright, and the tone is round and harmonious".The talks lasted for three hours, and the person who felt the most difficulty was that the other party began to admit and then repeatedly denied, and it was indeed difficult to solve the problem.But the true colors of Soviet Russia were originally like this, so it is not surprising.I think that at this time, the central government should make overall planning from the perspective of diplomacy and civil war, while in the Northeast, it should still try its best to arrange and negotiate with all its strength to solve the problems of receiving and transporting troops... Changchun is changing day by day, and it is evolving towards a place of uneasiness. In the midst of upheaval... November 6th: ...The Communist Party has been openly active, posting slogans everywhere to resist the central government.The Russian side used the excuse of non-interference in our internal affairs, and turned a blind eye to it... In the morning, we discussed the issue of acceptance at X, and his speech showed that he was no longer sure about the acceptance; he also talked about how Changchun would deal with itself if there was any change... November 7th: ...Now it is only three days before the Russian army begins to retreat from the northeast, and it is less than two weeks before the Russian army retreats to Shenyang and Changchun. The camp should be actively working, but the staff are too many and idle , ×I am not sure about myself, so I still have nothing to do... I returned to the apartment late, and analyzed the severity of the current environment, which has increased but not decreased.All changes must be determined by the overall international and domestic situation, but there are also cases where the operation itself is not sound, which in turn affects the deterioration of the environment.The battalion decided to send ××, ×××, ××× to various places to form troops. If these people accept this arduous task, they will cause great disasters, and I can only shed tears for the country.Yu has repeatedly told X that it is invalid. November 8th: ...had a long discussion with XX in the morning, and the two agreed. × Afraid of responsibility, afraid of being responsible, and unable to make decisions on major issues.He decided today that all chairmen and mayors should take office, but Yu disagreed, because the current situation really requires serious consideration. We should not be afraid of danger, but we should not mess up the steps.In the afternoon, I lived alone in my bedroom, thinking about the hardships of the country, I felt sad and wept, and I sat there for three hours. 11月9日：……下午五时，行营宴马林斯基（马利诺夫斯基），我曾起立致辞，说明中苏关系应建立于相互认识之基础上。马则通知，接其政府指示：可将全部邮电交给我方，并将多余武器交给我国政府，然此尚不能遽谓为其政策之转变也。 11月10日：……俄方对我备忘录尚未正式答复，巴某则对空运事通知如下：我空运部队可自十七日起在沈阳机场，自二十日起在长春机场降落，设备由俄方负责，每次只可降落一架，驻地须由俄方指定云云。彼方如此决定，显在限制空运，但如不发生意外，则五日之内国军亦可控制长春矣。至沈阳方面可否开运，尚待考虑，因该处已为五万共军盘踞也。 11月11日：余住宅中之俄方警卫，今晨撤离，而代以警察。彼等临行时索钱酒，即此可知俄军真面目。住宅两旁之俄军亦皆撤离，顿显寂寥之象。而所有房舍，均已拆毁破坏，此即所谓“战争”欤！……今共党反中央之宣传工作，业已积极展开，其所控制之武力亦作有计划之布置，吾人确应加倍警惕……俄方今允协助我空运，又云哈尔滨有枪三千交行营。我方在哈无人无兵，以此为言，其非开玩笑乎？彼之用意何在，殊难揣测，要在此时加强警惕而已。 11月12日：行营要求俄方拨吉普卡车各二辆，俄方则谓我可由飞机运来此，俄人小气一至于此。长春市已成立治安机关咨议会，闻其昨日开会决定：要求组织自治政府，并定期向行营请愿。昨有匪五百余人由烟台抵此，今日下午又有装备完整之两千共军抵长春城内。城外二十里地，亦集中有该军一千五百人，机场附近彼等已布置齐全。则共军已开始集中兵力，对长春作包围态势矣。而交涉已不能生效，我空运部队纵能降落，亦将难免开火，事态必至扩大，实有再加研究之必要。午约知友数人小食于“菜根香”，意在遣烦，而不知悲痛心情已随凄凉景象而俱至也。 11月13日：……晨间××来，谓×有电至，言长春铁道、电讯，暂不宜接，想系必有新方针之决定。唯俄方则催我速接，用意似在推诿责任也。彼在我无人无兵之哈尔滨，云给我枪支三千备用，而在长春则不肯拨给一枪一械。彼云所缴日本武器，已悉数运回俄国；而所谓自卫队及共军，而限制行营一人不能外出，一兵不能招编。凡此实情，人所共见；而俄方负责人员又避不会面，则交涉已成空谈矣……昔在列宁格勒求学时，俄人曾评余“过于天真”，及今思之，更有深意。目前解决东北问题，仅有二途：一为中央接收人员全部撤回，并作严正之表示；二为空运少数部队控制长春，行营继续存在，派主席至各处接事，编练地方团队，扩大政治影响，务使先有对付共党之力量存于东北，然后逐步增强政府力量，使东北进入正轨。以上二途，应以后者为宜，因大问题之处理，既不可意气用事，亦不可专讲面子，而必须走一步是一步，争一点是一点也。 11月14日：长春情况似在突变中。俄方今催行营接收电报电话，并声明其对我行政人员莅任事从无异议，俄军卫戍司令部派共党金某为长春市长，亦于今日接事。共党昨日开始出版《光明日报》，集中目标攻击中央。闻其将于日内，在沈召开所谓东北九省人民自治政府，此即所为民意耶？吾不知东北人民闻之作何感想也！ 蒋经国在长春的“五百零四小时”，是否真如其日记中叙述的那样恐怖呢？其实有很多事情是他的误解造成的。如导致熊式辉的东北行营决定从长春“总撤退”跟苏联人摊牌的一个重要原因—中共军队开进了长春。蒋经国在11月12日的日记中对此有相当悲观的描述。事实与此恰恰相反，当时，中共军队受苏军压力正从长春撤离。本来，蒋经国等人并不知道长春市内及机场附近有大量中共军队，谁料苏联人到最后却弄巧成拙。他们准备按协定将长春移交国民党“接收”。于是要求在市区潜伏的中共部队通通开往郊区。中共军队被迫集结开拔，这样一来，动静就大了，自然惊动了蒋经国等人。蒋经国弄不清这些部队是出城的，反倒以为长春市区突然拥来了大批中共军队。 11月15日，如坐针毡的蒋经国没有写日记。他已经接到他父亲的电令：“与苏联人摊牌，在长春的所有行营要员全部撤回关内。” 这样一来，接收东北问题演变为一桩举世瞩目的重大外交纠纷。英美两国也不得不出面了。 事实上，苏联对中共的支持远不如蒋经国想象的那样—鼎力相助。延安与莫斯科的关系也是阴晴无常，一波三折。苏军对中共在东北的活动由适度限制到睁一只眼闭一只眼，又到暗中帮助，再到大力支持；在最初阶段是逐渐升温的。这与华盛顿的所作所为有很大关系。 9月13日，美军在青岛登陆； 9月30日，美军在天津登陆； 10月1日，美军在秦皇岛登陆，并抢修秦皇岛至山海关间的铁路和公路。 美军节节迫近东北，不能不引起苏联的警觉。莫斯科判断山姆大叔要染指中国东北。此时，离苏军撤离的日子不远了，苏联自然要抓紧有限的时间，找美国人及其代理人蒋介石的麻烦。最令对方头痛的莫过于支持中共进入东北。 于是，在美军登陆秦皇岛的两天后，即10月3日，一位来自莫斯科的神秘人物到沈阳张作霖的大帅府，找到中共东北局书记彭真。对方不肯透露真实姓名，只亮出苏共中央军事委员会委员的身份。从陪同他前来的克拉夫钦科大将、图马尼扬中将的表情上，不难看出那位中央军委委员绝非等闲之辈。 神秘来客首先转达了斯大林的话：“斯大林同志称赞你们党是勇敢、聪明和成熟的马列主义党，他本人对贵党很有信心。我们很想了解中国党在东北问题上的战略。” 彭真介绍了中共中央争夺东北的决心和部署。 “你们气魄很大！”来客赞许道。 彭真进一步介绍说：“我们准备在必要时让开南满，而占领东、西、北满，背靠苏、蒙、朝……” 来客连连摇头：“这样部署不好，还没有脱离你们过去的游击主义。你们应该在山海关一带部署15万主力部队，在沈阳一带部署10万兵力。只要把南面堵住了，东北就都是你们的啦。东北的人口、财富主要集中在南面，你们要分清主次关系。” 彭真为难地说：“国民党军肯定是要打进来的。我们的部队装备差，没有炮，跟美械装备的蒋军硬拼是不行的。” 来客大笑起来：“你是说没有炮吗？哦！现在就有了，我们可以给你们呀！” 这次意外的会面令彭真等东北局领导人喜出望外，他们立即将此喜讯电告延安。 第二天，苏军通知东北局：“愿意把保存在沈阳、本溪、四平、吉林、长春、安东、哈尔滨和齐齐哈尔的缴获日本关东军的武器弹药和军事装备全部转交中共接收。说是主要的武器库在北面，至少可以装备几十万人。” 这无异于天上掉馅饼！可东北局一时还没有这么大的胃口。彭真面有忧色：“我的人马主要在南面，北面没有多大力量，恐怕一时接收不了那么多武器。” 苏军代表爽快地说：“既然如此，南面的你们尽管拿，北面的由我们代管一个月。” 东北局领导人立即电告中央，并建议抓住此千载难逢之机：“下最大决心，立即从各区抽调三十万主力，于一个月内赶到，用尽一切方法控制此间。这是决定全局的一环，为了争取这一环，宁肯牺牲其他地区，即使化为游击区，即使是暂时的丧失都值得。” 东北局的这一主张其实就是重复毛泽东在“七大”的那次讲话：“如果我们把现有的一切根据地都丢了，只要我们有了东北，中国革命就有了巩固的基础。” 此时关内已烽烟四起，刘少奇回电说：“三十万办不到，一个月可有十万到达冀东和东北，本月底可再出动五万到八万。现因国民党有将近五十万大军从平绥、同蒲、平汉、津浦向平津、东北前进，我冀鲁豫、太行、五台等区部队均不能抽调，必须阻止顽军北进，并消灭其一部，才能掩护我出动三十万到达目的地。” 关内的八路军、新四军武器装备落后，弹药缺乏。为了阻止蒋军北进，刘少奇在上述电报中提出请苏军从张家口、绥远方面提供援助。 当苏军答复关内援助有困难时，刘少奇迅速冷静下来了，他认为独霸东北在现阶段是不实际的，应作长期打算。10月9日，他致电东北局重申既定战略：“部队必须迅速摆开分散，每县一连一排。迅速发展扩大，收编改造伪军伪警，在目前绝不应集中部署，不要怕人家讥笑我未脱离游击概念，因我无飞机大炮，游击概念绝不能脱离，否则将遭灭亡。在将来适当时机，部队即须集中整训和作战，但这是下一时期要做的。只有在目前高度分散发展之后，下一时期才有大量部队集中作战。将来作战即使采取抵住蒋军进入东北方针，山海关至锦州一线以及沿海地带亦完全可能被蒋军占领，我不能在沿海到处抵住蒋军，我只有吸引蒋军深入内地一二百里之后，才能进行主力决战歼灭之，不可做到处防御的想法。” 10月11日，毛泽东从重庆返回延安，争夺东北是他最牵挂的事情，一下飞机就让书记处的同志汇报。刘少奇将10月3日以来东北局发来的电报交给毛泽东，并详细汇报了中央的部署。 毛泽东的见解果然与众不同，他反对分散部署，主张按苏联方面的建议，集结重兵在南满一带防堵蒋军进入东北。 散会后，刘少奇根据会议精神起草了一份致东北局的电文。毛泽东在签发时又加上了如下一段文字：“我党方针是集中主力于锦州、营口、沈阳之线，次要力量于庄河、安东之线，坚决拒止蒋军登陆及歼灭其一切可能的进攻，首先保卫辽宁、安东，然后掌握全东北，改变过去分散的方针。” 毛泽东的打算显然是“拒止蒋军，独霸东北”。 此时，山海关方面又接连发生了意想不到的情况。美军在秦皇岛登陆后，以武力为后盾强行修通了秦皇岛至山海关的铁路，并派兵护路。随后又以铁路线为轴心不断侵吞地盘。其陆战第1师先后占领了昌黎县的滦河、抚宁县的榆关、临榆县的海阳等城镇，不断挑衅当地的八路军和地方武装。八路军奉令避免与美军发生武装冲突，而美军却得寸进尺，狂妄无比，竟将海阳地区的一个区小队18人解除武装。美军飞机不断飞临山海关上空，进行骚扰恫吓，多则40余架，少则10余架，低空掠过关城，巨大的噪音搞得居民不得安宁。在秦皇岛海面集结的美军舰船越来越多，夜晚看上去灯火星罗棋布如一座海上城市。 鉴于美军的不断挑衅，10月24日，八路军派陈东、安石等六位代表前往秦皇岛与美军交涉。美方先是拒绝会见，后来发展到要扣押谈判代表。骄横霸道的美军最后放回代表，并扬言：“要用飞机大炮对付八路军。” 美军在山海关的违规行为惹恼了苏军。这就是苏军在长春不断给熊式辉、蒋经国制造麻烦的原因。 由于美军舰船帮助蒋军运兵，准备进攻东北，秦皇岛集结的蒋军已达数万人，而且新的部队仍在源源不断地开来。苏联方面原定11月15日开始撤离东北，毫无疑问，在苏军撤离后一场大规模的内战肯定要在东北爆发，时间已经非常紧迫了。10月25日，苏军代表通知东北局：“如果说过去需要谨慎些的话，那么从现在起你们应该以东北的主人自居，放手去干。” 这位代表甚至宣称要将兵工厂、军火库和工业中心统统交给中共，他要求中共派兵准备封锁沈阳、长春等机场。代表的话越说越令人吃惊，他说：“在11月15日苏军撤离之前，如果美蒋军队进攻你们，苏军将协同作战。” 其实，苏军代表的话就像醉汉的夸口，当不得真，东北局领导人只能将信将疑，将此情况迅速通报延安。 10月27日，两艘美舰载运蒋军登陆葫芦岛，遭八路军李运昌部第31团的武力抵抗，未能得逞。因当时该岛驻有苏军，这一事件被莫斯科看作一个危险信号。克里姆林宫的主人又缩手缩脚了，他不想与美国发生直接军事冲突。 次日，还是那位苏军代表又来到大帅府，通知彭真等东北局领导：莫斯科最新指示，苏军不能与美军发生直接冲突，如果美军与蒋军一同登陆进攻，苏军将主动撤退避免冲突。 彭真等人当然不能指责老大哥出尔反尔，只说了一番表示理解的话。 那位代表又说：“苏方希望你们对敢于进入东北的敌人予以歼灭性打击。为了放手让你们去干，苏军将立即撤离营口和葫芦岛。” 这就是后来杜聿明营口碰壁的原因。 此时山海关之战已经打响，美、蒋军的几次试探性进攻均遭失败，因过高估计了八路军在山海关的实力，未敢发动大规模进攻。沿平汉线北犯的蒋军在邯郸附近遭到毁灭性打击，高树勋率两个师起义。八路军刘伯承部一举歼敌万余人。国民党军沿平汉、津浦两线北上的企图基本破产了。 形势一片大好，这使毛泽东极为振奋，11月3日，他致电重庆的周恩来等人，要求中共代表团向国民党提出： 华北、东北、苏北、皖北及边区全部归人民自治（孙中山主张），仅平、津、青三地可暂时驻一小部分中央军，将来亦须退出。其他各地中央军已到者须退出，未到者停止前进。阎锡山、傅作义须免职，民选各省省政府；华北、东北各设政治委员会统一管各省，中央政府不得违背自治原则派遣官吏，已派者须取消。东北问题现在就应提出，华北各地敌伪受降全部归我……东北由东北人民自治军保护治安，中央军不得开入，否则，引起内战由彼负责。 蒋介石当然不会示弱，迅速部署新一轮更大规模的进攻。美军的飞机、舰船帮助蒋军运输，忙得不亦乐乎。11月上旬陆续运抵秦皇岛一带的蒋军已达8万人。山海关之战形势已逆转。 苏军在东北的高级将领都参加过反法西斯战争，都是图上作业的高手，经过一番沙盘推演，立即就泄了气。他们把东北局领导请来，将图上演习的结果述说一遍。 彭真等人也明白形势非常严峻，于是要求苏军延缓撤军时间一两个月。 苏军代表连连摇头：“延缓撤军，将会引起极大的外交纠纷，这是行不通的。”他抱怨说：“你们犯了战略错误，既然你们有超过50万人的主力部队，为什么不早点调来？现在你们的部队大多在路上，而蒋军已经打上门来了。战机已失，多么令人惋惜啊！现在我们唯一可做的就是继续移交军火库，延缓撤军是不可能的。” 周恩来在接到毛泽东的那份过于乐观的电报后，心里没底，他没有贸然按电报指示向蒋介石“狮子大开口”，而是首先去苏联大使馆征求彼得罗夫的意见。大使不同意东北、华北自治的主张：“你们在东北只能做，不能说，绝不要提东北自治与不准国民党派兵，这会给美、蒋以借口，而使苏联在外交上陷于被动。” 大使批评延安考虑问题只想到了重庆，而没有想到还有大洋彼岸的“山姆大叔”。美国的政策就是想解除中共的武装，变中共为一个社会民主