Chapter 375 Chapter 38: The Guangdong Campaign: An Extremely Important Chapter in the History of the War of Liberation

At the beginning of 1949, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Xue Yue as the chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Government, and Yu Hanmou as the director of the Guangzhou Appeasement Office. In late April, after the People's Liberation Army launched the Battle of Crossing the River, the Kuomintang government moved south to Guangzhou. Between July and August, the 4th and 2nd Field Army of the People's Liberation Army deployed in Hunan and Jiangxi, and the 3rd Field Army went south to Fujian. Guangzhou was in danger. On August 23, Li Zongren, the acting president of the Kuomintang government, convened Yu Hanmou, Xue Yue, Chen Jitang, Bai Chongxi, the military and political leaders of Guangdong and Guangxi to discuss countermeasures, and renamed Yu Hanmou's Guangzhou Appeasement Office as the South China Military and Political Chief Office, and gave Yu Hanmou unified command of land, sea, and military affairs in Guangdong. The power of the air force requires him to cooperate with Bai Chongxi's main force to "consolidate northern Guangdong and secure Guangzhou".

At this time, there were the 21st Corps of Liu Anqi of the Kuomintang regular army (administrating the 32nd and 50th armies), the 13th Corps of Shen Fazao (administrating the 23rd, the 4th Navy Military Region, 5 security divisions, 5 columns, and the commander of Humen Fortress) in the whole territory of Guangdong. Ministry of Defense, Hainan Garrison Command, Guangzhou Garrison Command, Guangzhou Security Police Force, Tax Police Force, Salt Protection Force, Traffic Police Force and other special forces and local troops have more than 40,000 people. These troops seem to be a lot of people, but they eat a lot In addition, Liu Anqi, Hu Lian and other Chiang Kai-shek Central Army, Yu Hanmou was unable to command. Therefore, Yu Hanmou first deployed his old troops in Zhanjiang, Zhaoqing, Hainan and other places, the 70th Army), Hu Lian's The 12th Corps (under jurisdiction of the 10th and 18th armies) and the 39th, 62nd, 63rd, 64th, and 109th armies have a total of 11 armies and 31 divisions, with 125,000 people.In addition, the 1st Army of the Air Force retreated to Zhanjiang when Yituwan had no choice but to use Hainan as its base and the Leizhou Peninsula as its periphery.

On September 7, Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram from Chongqing to Gu Zhutong, Chief of Staff, reiterating his policy of defending Guangdong: "We should concentrate the existing troops stationed in Guangdong and defend the revolutionary base in Guangzhou. If you have spare capacity, you can expand the scope in order to defend South China. You must not defend the entire Yangtze River again and give up the important areas of Beijing and Shanghai, so that the Jiang defense troops will almost be wiped out." Chiang Kai-shek emphasized: "The No. 50. The organizational system of the 39th, 63rd, and 109th armies should not be used separately, so as not to be passive and defeated by bandits one by one. All future deployments should be implemented in accordance with this principle, and we must not be hesitant to ensure the revolutionary base.” ("National Revolutionary Army Battle History" Part 5, "Anti-Rebellion" Volume 6, "The Later Period of "Anti-Rebellion" (Volume 1), Taiwan's "Ministry of National Defense" History and Political Compilation Bureau 1989 edition, p. 357)

According to this instruction, Yu Hanmou made some adjustments.By the end of September, the specific situation of the deployment of the Guangdong Kuomintang Army was as follows: the 39th and 63rd armies formed the first line of defense in the Lechang, Qujiang, and Nanxiong areas; The 32nd Army and the 109th Army formed the third line of defense in Huaxian, Conghua, Heyuan, Zengcheng, Boluo, and Huiyang on the outskirts of Guangzhou; the 10th Army and the 18th Army were deployed in Chaoshan, Cameras were deployed to reinforce Guangzhou; the 62nd Army and the 64th Army were deployed on Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island to protect the retreat road; the rest of the special forces and local troops were stationed in the jurisdiction.Yu Hanmou's plan was to try to stabilize the line from Guangzhou to Qujiang (now Shaoguan City) on the Guangdong-Han Railway, control the traffic arteries from Hunan and Jiangxi to Guangdong, and prevent the People's Liberation Army from entering Guangdong. Peninsula, Hainan Island or Guangxi.