Chapter 43 The Mass Work of the Field Survey Movement[1]

(June 1933) The land survey movement is a fierce and cruel class struggle. The broadest masses must be mobilized to participate in the struggle enthusiastically and form a mass movement, so as to ensure the correct implementation of the class line and achieve the goal of eliminating the remnants of feudalism.All bureaucratic and commandist work methods that are divorced from the masses are the biggest enemy of the land investigation movement.The mass work of the land investigation movement mainly focuses on class, through class, confiscation and distribution, and the correct leadership of trade unions and poor peasant groups.

1. Talk about class (propaganda) (1) The strategy of the Land Survey Movement is to take the workers as the leader, rely on the poor peasants, and unite with the middle peasants to weaken the rich peasants and eliminate the landlords.The content of the propaganda is to clearly explain this strategy to the masses. (2) In order to illustrate this strategy, it is necessary to clearly explain what is a landlord, what is a rich peasant, what is a middle peasant, what is a poor peasant, and what is a worker.This explanation proves that landlords are feudal exploiters, and rich peasants are semi-feudal exploiters. Therefore, only by adopting a policy of eliminating landlords and weakening rich peasants can the interests of the agrarian revolution fall completely on the middle peasants, poor peasants, and workers.

(3) But there is a difference between the rich peasants and the landlords. The rich peasants work on their own, while the landlords do not work themselves. Therefore, the policy of eliminating the landlords is abolished, while the policy of weakening the rich peasants is adopted.Therefore, the tendency to eliminate the rich peasants is wrong, and at the same time the rich peasants should not be treated as landlords. (4) Strategies for the middle peasants—uniting with the middle peasants is the most central strategy in the agrarian revolution, and the success or failure of the agrarian revolution is related to the middle peasants.Therefore, we must repeatedly explain this strategy to the masses, explaining that violations of the interests of the middle peasants are absolutely not allowed.In order to unite with the middle peasants and not infringe upon the interests of the middle peasants, it is necessary to introduce the "well-off middle peasants" to explain it, and it is necessary to focus on explaining the border between the rich peasants and the middle peasants, so as to stabilize the rich middle peasants.It is necessary to expose the deception of the middle peasants by the landlords and rich peasants, so that the middle peasants can break away from the influence of the landlords and rich peasants, unite around the poor peasants, and fight against the landlords in unison.

(5) We must expose every deceitful slogan of the landlords and rich peasants and explain it extensively to the masses.We must pay attention to the fact that the landlords and rich peasants use the backward ideas of the clan to deceive and destroy the middle and poor peasants. (6) It should be explained that the land survey campaign is a weapon used to smash the enemy's "encirclement and suppression".Because the remnants of feudalism have been wiped out, and the troublemakers hiding in the Soviet area have been eliminated, the revolutionary enthusiasm of the masses has increased, and the work of expanding the Red Army and economic construction has become easier.

(7) Put forward specific slogans according to the local environment.For example, in a backward village, it is necessary to find out the reasons for the backwardness and put forward specific slogans to mobilize the masses.For example, there was a reactionary landlord in the area threatening the masses, so the masses did not dare to take an active part in the struggle, and had to raise the slogan of arresting this landlord.Another example is that local government personnel made a serious mistake of being divorced from the masses, which made the masses dissatisfied. It is necessary to start publicity by exposing the mistakes of these personnel in order to mobilize the masses to struggle.

(8) The above are the content of publicity, and the following will talk about the way of publicity.The targets of field investigation and propaganda should first be addressed to township-level cadres (representatives of the township Soviet [2], leaders of various mass organizations), so that they understand first, and through them to propagate the masses.The second is to speak at trade union and poor peasant league meetings, so that members can understand.The third is to speak at village mass meetings so that every member of the masses can understand. (9) Propaganda staff.It is mainly carried out by active cadres at the township level, and they attend mass meetings to speak in an arranged manner.The second is to organize a propaganda team, which will be sent to speak among the masses after training.

(10) Propaganda methods: oral speeches first, posters posted second, slogans written third, leaflets published fourth, new plays performed fifth, articles written on wall newspapers sixth, and so on. Second, check the class (1) The land survey movement is to check the class, not to check the land by mu.It is absolutely wrong to inspect land by mu to cause panic among the masses. (2) Class investigation refers to the class of landlords and rich peasants, the class of exploiters, and those who hide among the peasants but are not really peasants. The class of these few people is by no means the class of middle peasants, poor peasants, or workers.Therefore, door-to-door investigations are not allowed. It is absolutely wrong to cause panic among the masses.

(3) Before class investigation, one must go through the stage of propaganda, that is, the stage of talking about class. It is absolutely wrong to start the investigation without public and general class discussion. It is absolutely wrong to arouse panic among the masses. (4) Class investigations should mobilize trade unions, members of the poor peasant leagues and other masses to investigate, and ask the masses to report to the poor peasant leagues and land investigation committees at any time.It shouldn't be just a small number of people who investigate. It is absolutely wrong for a small number of people to investigate to cause panic among the masses.

(5) The investigation of class must be done clearly.Whether it is a landlord or a rich peasant, it is necessary to investigate their past exploitation and living conditions clearly in order to convince themselves of their crimes and satisfy the masses. The dissatisfaction of the masses hindered the land survey campaign.The identity of those middle peasants must be investigated more carefully, so that the middle peasants are not turned into rich peasants and the rich peasants are not turned into landlords. (6) The materials found in a family class must be filled in a "class composition survey form", so that everyone can comment and investigate in the future.If you just say it in your mouth and keep it in your heart, or just write two or three lines in a notebook, it is easy to get lost, which is not good.

3. By class (1) Passing class is to determine class status, and it is the time to decide "life and death" for this person, so we must be very cautious.It must be checked clearly before it can be proposed for approval. (2) The order of approval: first, the poor peasant leagues, and a general meeting of the poor peasant leagues shall be held.After everyone's discussion, most people raised their hands in favor, and it was considered passed in the poor peasant league.If in doubt, move to the next discussion, do not pass this time. (3) The second is the township land investigation committee.Review the opinions of the poor peasant league, pass those that are correct, correct those that are incorrect, and re-investigate those that are doubtful.

(4) The third is the District Land Department.If the district land department cannot make a decision, it should be submitted to the district land investigation committee.If the district land investigation committee cannot make a decision, it should be handed over to the county land department. (5) The fourth is the village mass meeting.You must convene a mass meeting in your village, report your exploitation and living conditions to the masses, see if the masses approve or disapprove, pass if you agree, and investigate if you disapprove.If it is insisted on, it will cause dissatisfaction among the masses. This is commandism and must be resolutely opposed. (6) The above four steps through the class are essential.In particular, it is more important that the masses will pass.In many places, it is wrong to confiscate things without the approval of the masses. (7) If there were mistakes in the past, such as treating middle peasants as rich peasants, rich peasants as landlords, and landlords as rich peasants, the original case should be overturned.It is necessary to explain the mistakes made in the past at the mass meeting and the reasons for the corrections now, so as to obtain the satisfaction of the masses. (8) If you made a mistake in the past and now turn it over, if the middle peasant must compensate his land property, even if the field has been divided, he must take it out to compensate him.If he is a rich peasant, he will pay if there is compensation now. If there is no compensation, he will have to think of other ways for him in the future.This kind of compensation can best win over the masses.If you make mistakes and refuse to correct them, it is completely wrong. 4. Confiscation and distribution (1) The confiscation of the land and property of the landlords, the confiscation of the land of the rich peasants and their surplus cattle, farm implements, and houses can only be implemented after obtaining the consent of the masses at the village mass meeting.It must never be confiscated without the consent of the masses, and it must not be confiscated at night. (2) After confiscating the property of the landlords, except for cash and valuables handed over to the Ministry of Finance of the government, everything else should be distributed to the masses. This is a good way to increase the enthusiasm of the masses for struggle. (3) Take advantage of the time when the village mass meeting is held to pass the class, propose a temporary confiscation and distribution committee, confiscate immediately, distribute on the spot, without delay in confiscation, without delay in distribution, and without picking things to the government before discussing distribution. (4) It must be allocated to the village, and cannot be shared equally by the whole township (except for big landlords). (5) First of all, the poor must be distributed to the families of the Red Army, farm laborers, workers, and other poor people, and must be distributed equally regardless of class. (6) Pigs, chickens, etc. should be boiled for everyone to eat at mass meetings, not for a small number of workers. (7) It is best for government workers not to ask for things to be distributed, so as to set an example.If there is a serious shortage of supplies, the consent of the masses must be obtained and passed at a mass meeting.It is necessary to prevent the staff from taking things freely. (8) For the confiscated cattle and important agricultural tools, with the consent of the masses, those who share them shall organize cattle cooperatives and use them jointly. (9) It is wrong to delay the division of confiscated land. Except for the Red Army public land and public utility land, it must be distributed quickly.First of all, it will be distributed to those who have not divided their fields and those who have less divided fields in the past.If there is more time, everyone will divide it equally with the village as the unit.Mountain forests, fish ponds, houses, and latrines must also be quickly distributed to the masses. (10) Every time when the enthusiasm of the people in the distribution of east and west is highest, slogans such as expanding the Red Army and developing cooperatives should be put forward in due course, and the masses should be led to participate enthusiastically in the revolutionary war and in the construction of Soviets. 5. Trade unions and poor peasant groups (1) For many tasks such as talking about class, checking class, passing class, confiscating distribution, etc., only by mobilizing labor unions and mobilizing poor peasant groups can the greatest effect be achieved. pillar. (2) To carry out the land survey campaign correctly, rely on trade unions to guide their members to join the poor peasant league and play an active role within the poor peasant league. (3) We must develop the poor peasant leagues and make them a group that the poor peasants can join freely. (4) We must cleanse the bad elements hidden in the poor peasant leagues. (5) The poor peasant leagues must hold meetings diligently during the field survey campaign, and must pay close attention to the field survey campaign to work as their own center. (6) We must unite the middle peasants around the poor peasant leagues. The meetings of the poor peasant leagues should attract middle peasants to attend. (7) The trade unions and poor peasant leagues leading the land survey and struggle work must not violate the principles stated in the previous paragraphs. Only by mobilizing the broad masses according to the above-mentioned strategies and methods can the land survey campaign be fully successful.Any non-propaganda or propaganda that is incorrect, not serious, and not universal, class investigation, passing through class and confiscated distribution that does not follow the class line and the mass line, without the support and consent of the masses, will not make the land survey movement achieve results, but will make it worse The dissatisfaction of the masses hindered the progress of the land survey campaign.Therefore, opposing the "Left" opportunism that invaded the middle peasants and eliminated the rich peasants in the land survey movement, opposing the right opportunism that shielded the landlords and rich peasants, and opposing the bureaucratic leadership and working methods are necessary conditions for the correct development of the land survey movement. According to the thirty-second issue of Struggle, the official newspaper of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China Soviet Area, published on October 28, 1933. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] The land investigation movement was a mass movement carried out after land distribution in the revolutionary base areas at that time, with the purpose of checking out the missing landlords and rich peasants, confiscating and distributing their land and property according to the land law at that time. [2] Xiangsu, see note [5] on page 244 of this volume.