Chapter 14 Statement at the First Enlarged Meeting of the Land Commission[1]

(April 19, 1927) one The question of political power is nothing more than a question of form.It is enough for us to actually implement our party's resolution, that is, to expand the organization of peasant associations, and then peasant power will not be a problem.I have some opinions on the land issue. I think there should be a program for this issue.which is: (1) Significance of solving the land problem.After we confirm this meaning, we must vigorously publicize it. (2) How to solve the land problem, that is, what is the standard for land confiscation and how to distribute the land, this point is actually the central issue of the problem.

(3) Peasants' political power and land issues, that is, what organs should be used for confiscation and distribution. (4) The land has been confiscated, and the cultivator has his land. Is it prohibited to buy and sell? Therefore, the problems of prohibiting the buying and selling of land and land ownership have arisen. (5) The issue of land tax, that is, how to collect land tax, is also very complicated. two The significance of solving the land problem is as follows: (1) To liberate the peasants.Abolishing the exploitation and oppression of landlords and all oppressing classes is actually the main meaning of this topic. (2) If the land problem is not resolved, economically backward countries will not be able to increase productivity, solve the pain of life of the peasants, or improve the land.According to the investigation of Comrade Russia[2], our country's land productivity is declining day by day, and the country's productivity has reached a major crisis. If this crisis is not resolved, there will be a great famine.If the land problem is not resolved, farmers will be unable to improve the land, and production will inevitably decline.Therefore, the second meaning is to increase production. (3) Protect the revolution.Although the revolutionary forces are currently developing, they have reached a crisis, after which they will fail unless they have a new force.To increase the strength of the army and protect the revolution, the land issue must be resolved.Its function, after solving the land problem, can solve the financial problem and the soldier problem.Whether the soldiers can permanently participate in the revolution, that is, the settlement of the land issue, because the peasants must fight bravely if they want to protect their land.These three points are of great significance in solving the land issue.

three Now, three more items can be added to the significance of solving the land problem: (1) abolishing the feudal system; (2) developing Chinese industry; (3) improving culture. Four I very much agree with the chairman's point[3].I thought that the Ministry of Agricultural Affairs of the Nationalist Government should set up a Rural Self-Government Committee to manage the affairs of the rural self-government organs.As for the peasant regime, there are two stages: (1) The era of peasant associations.At the time of the rural revolution, power was concentrated in the peasant associations. (2) After the revolution, the village government should be under one system of the national government.The peasant associations and the government are not in the same system, and the provinces need several central counties to set an example for the exercise of such peasant power.Hunan has promulgated the Regulations on District and Village Autonomy[4], and Hubei can also start, with the exception of Guangdong.The most important of these regulations must stipulate that certain types of persons cannot be included in the self-government organs.Now we need to recognize peasant power and promote peasant power.

Fives (1) The issue of peasant power can be another issue. (2) One item of land distribution agencies shall be added to the above-mentioned outline for resolving land issues. Printed according to the minutes of the first enlarged meeting of the Central Land Committee of the Kuomintang. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] These are the five speeches Mao Zedong made at the first enlarged meeting of the Central Land Committee of the Kuomintang when discussing issues such as "peasant power" and "the significance of solving the land problem".This meeting was held in Hankow on the afternoon of April 19, 1927.

[2] Refers to Yurk and Dakhanov, experts on Soviet land issues. [3] Refers to the following opinions expressed by the chairman of the meeting Deng Yanda at the meeting: "The problem of peasant power should be focused on by the lower levels: (1) On the negative side, feudal forces should be eliminated. (2) On the positive side, peasant self-government organs should be established. But rural Self-government, district self-government, and county self-government all must take into account the protection of peasants' force, so it is extremely important to solve the problem of peasants' armed forces. Therefore, the first step should be to discuss the organic law of township, district, and county self-government organs; Armed, the revolutionary party and the government should try to provide armed forces and peasants. We should make a resolution asking the central government to hand over 5% or 10% of the products produced by the arsenal to the peasants; the third step is for the Ministry of Agriculture to formulate township, The organizational decrees of the district and county self-government organs are promulgated."

[4] Refers to the "Notice on How to Realize Rural Democratic Power" issued by the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China on February 16, 1927, and the appendix "Regulations on Hunan District and Township Self-Government".