Chapter 84 Refutation of the Third "Left" Leaning Line (Excerpt)

(1941) one According to our traditional thinking, the so-called estimation of the situation is based on our investigation and research on the actual situation that exists objectively, and then reflects the internal connection of the objective situation in our minds. This internal connection exists independently. It is beyond human subjectivity and cannot be admitted or denied by us at will.Whether it is beneficial to us or not, whether it can mobilize the masses or not, we all have to investigate it, consider it, and pay attention to it.If we still want to change the objective situation, then we can formulate a course of action based on this estimate that truly reflects the internal relationship of the objective situation, and turn to affect the objective situation and transform it.At this time, if the objective situation is conducive to our progress, we will tell the masses: You move forward! If it is not conducive to our progress, we will tell the masses: You pause (almost "wait doctrine"), or say : You retreat (you are suspected of "opportunism")! As far as I think, this is called the minimum point of view of Marxism!

two It must be understood that in all places where the Japanese and the Kuomintang have consolidated rule (this kind of place accounts for more than nine tenths of the country), bloody armed struggle must not be adopted, but only bloodless peaceful struggle. There are also two types of peaceful struggle, one is legal and public struggle, the other is illegal and secret struggle, but both are bloodless, non-riot, and non-armed forms of struggle. Strategic routes for the region. All areas where the Japanese and the Kuomintang have consolidated rule must adopt legal and open forms of struggle.Although China is not a democratic country ruled by law, the people have no political freedom, especially in the areas ruled by Japan, the oppression of the people is even more severe; but there are still many places that can be used in the government's laws and social habits, and there are many contradictions, gaps, and loopholes. can be used by us.It is necessary to adopt various forms of struggle that are legal and open to the public, so that people can come, and in general, arrest and dissolution of the government can be avoided, and power can be preserved and accumulated.The Provisional Central Committee [1] is desperately opposed to this form.There are many struggles that are originally illegal, and it is only possible to win by adopting an open and legal form.For example, strikes are illegal. If we want to strive for victory and avoid defeat, we must take advantage of various local economic, political, and social conditions at that time. If we can strike, we can stop it. If we can’t strike, we can stop.Only by doing things in a reasonable manner and implementing the principles of rationality, profit and restraint can we survive and win.The Provisional Central Committee, on the other hand, didn't care what happened, and just ordered "use all forces to organize an anti-Japanese strike."Another example is anti-Japanese, which is illegal, but it can also use social public opinion and various political gaps to carry out certain work.However, the temporary Central Committee only shouted and bumped, and as a result, any relatively extensive and prolonged anti-Japanese movement could not be carried out.

In addition to open work, there must be secret work to complement it. This is the secret organization work of the party, the secret organization work of the masses (as the core of the public organization of the masses), the secret joint operations of the party and faction, the secret intelligence work, and the open organization work. Prior secret preparations for open struggle, etc.Without this aspect of work, it is impossible to exist in the area ruled by the enemy, and open work has lost its soul.The Provisional Central Committee is not only unwilling to carry out open and legal work, but also unwilling to seriously carry out secret work. It loves to expose everything, show strength, love to be called a hero, and love to win tomorrow morning. If the party is wiped out, even a little mass power will be wiped out.

From this point of view, the so-called "various forms" of the Provisional Central Committee are just empty words. In fact, they only have one form, that is, fighting, making noise, and screaming, and nothing else.They are completely unaware that China is characterized by the unity of armed struggle and peaceful struggle, and that, in terms of peaceful struggle, it is also the unity of open and secret struggle.This is a set of extremely complicated political science, and if the Chinese Communists do not learn this set of political science, they will not be able to win.According to the purely one-sided and adventurous approach of the Provisional Central Committee, how can it "make the working class the backbone of the anti-Japanese movement" and "make the proletariat the leader and organizer of the Chinese nation"? No, it is making the working class useless The proletariat has made the proletariat the empty-handed and helpless for China's national liberation.Why do some comrades dare not even mention the word nation? Since the lords [2] advocate overthrowing everything and adopting the extremely narrow closed-doorism and extremely risky putschism, why are they talking about the nation? What is the point of mentioning the word nation? What's the use?

three Let me ask you gentlemen: Why is it called "a completely opportunistic view" and "completely neglecting the leadership of the proletariat" when allocating all land to all people? Well, I'm going to teach my gentlemen a lesson! You have nothing at all I understand that I have completely divorced from the peasant masses, forced the so-called wrong line of "landlords do not divide land, and rich peasants divide bad land" in the Soviet area, calling itself a "clear class line" I agree with the land distribution law that "take more to make up for less, and take out fat to make up for the thin". It is called the "rich peasant line", "full of opportunism", and why is it forced to cancel it? Do you also know? Landlords, what kind of Marxism-Leninism does this mean to destroy the landlords physically? In theory, you don’t advocate destroying the digestive organs of the landlords, but let them eat.I heard that after the October Revolution, Lenin sent some landowners to Siberia to carry wood and gave them the opportunity to work and eat. This is true Leninism.Our "Leninists" are not the same. They neither have wood for the landlords to move, nor do they give the landlords a piece of land to cultivate. As a result, they are forced to become green guerrillas, fighting the Soviets with weapons in hand. What are the benefits? The rich peasants will divide the bad land, reduce the rich peasants to abject poverty, and let this part of the peasants also oppose us.During the period of the democratic revolution, when the democratic revolution is not yet victorious, when powerful enemies are attacking, and when the winner of the revolution has not yet been decided, it is necessary to treat the landlords and rich peasants with a policy of neither dividing land nor dividing bad land. Which line of Lenin does this belong to? What about the doctrine? Can your system be called leadership? No! This is the right to destroy, this is the way to destroy the leading role of the proletariat, and this is the way to destroy the revolution!

On the issue of land, the resolution of the Sixth Party Congress stated: "In places where there are many unemployed and poor peasants, there will inevitably be a movement for 'dividing the land'. If this slogan is supported by the majority of peasants, the Communist Party should Sponsor it, because it is a slogan to thoroughly eradicate all feudal remnants, and it directly shakes the private system." Most of these words are correct, because they are suitable for China's situation of small land and large population (in the north, the average per capita is only three mu of land, in the south there is only one mu of land per person on average).In this paragraph, only the last sentence is inappropriate, because the result of "dividing the land equally" has not shaken all private ownership, only the feudal private ownership has been shaken, turning it into peasant private ownership, and in the countryside it is still a place for capital The socialist road or the socialist road are two prospects, not to mention that the private ownership of the national bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie in the cities has not been shaken.The Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China also stated that it is necessary to explain to the peasants that there is no possibility of real equality under the current conditions, so they should not be led to absolute egalitarianism (such as infringing on the interests of the middle peasants, not allowing the sale of land after the division of land, that is, not allowing the emergence of new rich peasants. ).The Provisional Central Committee violated the Sixth Congress and invented a left-leaning opportunist line that "landlords do not divide land and rich peasants divide bad land". Together with mistakes in political, military, and organizational lines, the result was a revolution that failed. Correct" is enough.

Four Understanding the world is to transform the world, and human history is created by human beings themselves.But if you don’t know the world, you can’t change the world. “Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary movement” [3], our master is at a loss on this aspect.The transformation of the kingdom of necessity into the kingdom of freedom must go through two processes of understanding and transformation.The old European philosophers[4] already understood the truth that "freedom is a necessary knowledge".Marx's contribution is not to deny this truth, but to supplement its deficiency after acknowledging this truth, adding the truth of "transforming the world"[5] based on the recognition of necessity. "Freedom is necessary knowledge" - this is the proposition of the old philosophers. "Freedom is the necessary understanding and transformation of the world" - this is the proposition of Marxism.A Marxist is not a good Marxist if he does not know how to understand the world by transforming the world and transform the world by understanding the world.A Chinese Marxist is not a good Chinese Marxist if he does not know how to understand China by transforming China and transform China by understanding China.Marx said that the difference between man and bee is that man has a house pattern in his mind long before building a house[6].If we want to build the house of the Chinese revolution, we must first have the pattern of the Chinese revolution.Not only must there be one big picture, the general picture, but also many small pictures, the sub-pictures.And these patterns are nothing but dynamic reflections of the objective reality that we have obtained in the practice of the Chinese revolution (with regard to domestic class relations, domestic ethnic relations, relations among international countries, and relations between international countries and China. active reflection of the situation in relation to each other, etc.).The reason why our lords are subjectivists is that all their revolutionary plans, big or small, aggregated or divided, are not based on objective reality and do not conform to objective reality.They only have a subjective desire to transform the world, transform China, transform North China, or transform cities, but they don't have a decent plan. Their plans are not scientific, but subjective and random, and they are a mess.Since the gentlemen don't know this world at all, they want to change the world. In the end, they not only smashed their own skulls, but also led a group of people to smash their skulls.Since the gentlemen are blind to the inevitability of the Chinese revolution, they want to act as people's guides. This is really the so-called "a blind man rides a blind horse and faces a deep pool in the middle of the night".

Fives The so-called two-front struggle of the leaders of the "Left" opportunist line from "September 18th" to the Zunyi Conference is subjectivism.This is, first of all, because they have taken their own line by which to measure everything, and it is based on subjective desires and not based on objective reality, and has been created indiscriminately.We measure other people's thoughts with opportunistic thoughts, so "opportunism" is found everywhere, just like ghost theorists see ghosts everywhere.Second, because their way of looking at things is subjectivist, and they have used this method to create their own subjectivist political line and their own sectarian organizational line, so the Anyone who does not suit their taste is regarded as an "opportunist".They neither use the materialist dialectical method in dealing with things, nor do they naturally use this method in dealing with people.But if we want to fight on two fronts, if we deviate from the materialist dialectical method, it will be just nonsense and there will be no good results at all.Third, they don't even know what "two-front struggle" is.They do not know that the struggle between two fronts, in the view of Marxists, is to analyze and synthesize the past and present development status of a certain thing moving in time and space, so that its temporary stability can be affirmed (that is, the the nature of things and their properties).For example, in order to understand the nature of China's existing society, it is necessary to make a scientific and specific analysis of the past and present conditions of Chinese society, and understand that it is different from independence.An independent feudal society (struggle on the first front) is also different from an independent capitalist society (struggle on the second front), and only then can a comprehensive conclusion be drawn that it is a semi-colonial (semi-independent of) a semi-feudal society.And if we want to understand the nature of the Chinese revolution at present, we must start from the point that Chinese society is a special semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, make a scientific analysis, and understand that it is different from the fact that there is no national oppression, only feudal oppression, and that there is no proletariat. An enlightened country, like France two hundred years ago, is a revolution led by the bourgeoisie to overthrow the dictatorship of the feudal class and establish a dictatorship of the bourgeoisie (struggle on the first front), which is also different from overthrowing the dictatorship due to the consciousness of the proletariat. The social and political conditions after the feudal class allow the implementation of a socialist system, as in Russia during the October Revolution, a revolution led by the proletariat to overthrow the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat (the struggle on the second front), Only then can a comprehensive conclusion be drawn, saying that the current Chinese revolution is an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution led by the proletariat and a new-democratic revolution that establishes a joint dictatorship of various revolutionary classes.For every specific thing and every specific person, if you want to understand its nature, you must use this method of two-front struggle, carry out specific analysis and comprehensive investigation and research, and only then can you draw a definite conclusion.If you leave this method for a moment, and if it doesn't conform to the reality of the person in question, you will have no way to draw a correct conclusion. The leaders of the "Left" opportunist line subjectively and arrogantly adopted the so-called two-front method, completely divorced from the specific scientific research work, so their conclusions cannot but be wrong. The subjectivist two-front struggle method of the leaders of the "Left" opportunist line has made the thinking about this method extremely confusing and blurred in the Party.Many people know that we must fight on two fronts, but many people don't know how to do it, and it has become a worthless mantra.Fourth, the subjectivist two-front struggle method of the leaders of the "Left" opportunist line, that is, their chaotic fighting method, naturally cannot be as stated in the "History of the Communist Party of the United States" [7] in its concluding remarks. Yes, it is necessary to fight against and crush the "opportunist groups in the party - the 'economists', Mensheviks, Trotskyists, Bukharinists, nationalist tendencies" (Concluding Remarks, Article 4 ); it is also necessary to develop criticism and self-criticism, and to correct mistakes made by the party and party members in their work (Concluding Remarks Article 5). The chaotic fighting method of the "Left" opportunist line makes it impossible to distinguish between the two (dealing with the enemy and dealing with comrades who have made mistakes), and uses the method used to deal with the enemy to deal with comrades, creating a kind of confusion in the party. The habit of chaotic fighting, regardless of indiscriminate, big or small, is all "the most resolute and ruthless struggle", and there is "hatred" and "enthusiasm for struggle" everywhere, resulting in a situation of alienation and panic within the party.If this anti-scientific petty-bourgeois subjectivist chaotic method is not eliminated, it will be impossible for the party to achieve true unity and unity.

Printed from originals kept at the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] Refers to the Provisional Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee established in Shanghai in September 1931 based on the proposal of the Far East Bureau of the Communist International. [2] Refers to the "left" dogmatists represented by Wang Ming. [3] See Lenin's "What to Do? "Chapter 1, Section 4 (Volume 1 of Selected Works of Lenin, People's Publishing House, 1972 edition, p. 241). [4] Refers to the Dutch materialist philosopher Spinoza and the German classical idealist philosopher Hegel.

[5] See Marx's "Theses on Feuerbach" (Volume 1 of "Selected Works of Marx and Engels", People's Publishing House, 1972 edition, pages 16-19) and Engels' "Anti-Dühring", Part 10 Section "Ethics and Law.Freedom and Necessity" (Volume 3 of Selected Works of Marx and Engels, People's Publishing House, 1972 edition, p. 154). [6] See Marx's "Das Kapital" Volume 1 Chapter 5 "Labor Process and Value Expansion Process".The original text is: "The ability of the bee to build the cell puts many architects in the world to shame. But what distinguishes the worst architect from the best bee from the beginning is that before he builds the cell with beeswax, he already builds the cell in his own body. He built it in his mind." (Volume 23 of "The Complete Works of Marx and Engels", People's Publishing House, 1972 edition, p. 202).

[7] That is, "A Concise Course on the History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks).