Chapter 68 Conclusions at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China-1

(May 31, 1945) Comrades! My conclusion addresses three issues: the international situation, the domestic situation, and certain ideological and policy issues within the party.The questions and opinions raised by comrades during the discussion can be roughly summarized into these three questions. Our policy, our line, is: let go to mobilize the masses, strengthen the people's power, under the leadership of our party, defeat the Japanese invaders, liberate the people of the whole country, and build a new democratic China.In this policy: "Let's mobilize the masses and strengthen the people's power" means organizing troops; "under the leadership of our party" means the commander-in-chief; The enemy; "building a new democratic China" is the goal.

Regarding the issue of mobilizing the masses freely, Comrade Shaoqi said very well yesterday that the hands belong to us, and we should not let them go.Who won't tell us to let go? There are many, including Chiang Kai-shek.Now that the KMT has held its Sixth National Congress, one of the thirty-point political platforms passed by the congress is "absolutely prohibiting violations of government laws and any facilities and actions that undermine unity in diplomacy, military affairs, finance, transportation, and currency systems."For example, the unification of the military requires us to hand over all our troops to them, not the Eighth Route Army or the New Fourth Army.This struggle has long existed.The Zhongshan ship incident on March 20, 1926 [1] prevented us from mobilizing the masses and strengthening the power of the people.Why did the Great Revolution fail? In addition to objective reasons, there are also subjective reasons, that is, Chiang Kai-shek would not let us let go, Wang Jingwei[2] would not let us let go, and we ourselves dare not let go.At that time we should have let go a lot, but we didn't dare to let go, so we failed.During the civil war we let go, but after a while we did not distinguish between letting go and mobilizing the masses and adventurism.During the Anti-Japanese War period, the central government's line was this line, and this meeting only approved this line and made some use of this line.The decision to affirm this course would not have been possible in our General Assembly without the experience of the past years.Letting go is on reasonable, favorable, and restrained terms, not at risk.Reasonable, advantageous, and restrained, is to let go without taking risks.This policy will not change until national victory.We are under great pressure, and it is not easy to liberate the proletarian vanguard from the spiritual oppression that fetters its brothers.This is the case in the history of the international communist movement.The Second International has never dared to let go and mobilize the masses.The "Manifesto of the Communist Party" published by Marx and Engels in 1848 was a policy of mobilizing the masses freely; the Second International violated this policy, worshiping the theory of spontaneity, and letting everything take its course.The Communist International and the Russian Bolshevik Party restored Marxism, developed Marxism, mobilized the masses, and strengthened the power of the people. Under the leadership of the Allied Communist Party, they first overthrew the tsar, established a democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants, and then overthrew the bourgeoisie to establish a socialist society. .So we have to publicize this policy and affirm this policy.Commander-in-Chief Zhu, Comrade Shaoqi, and my report [3] all run through this spirit and adhere to this policy.If classes are not eliminated, this policy of ours will not be abolished.Due to the different situations in each stage, the policy will change, but the general policy remains unchanged.As for how to implement this policy, it needs to be decided according to the surrounding situation and its internal relations.

1. International Situation I said in the report: "The people's democratic forces are sure to win. The world will move towards progress, not reaction." This is the general trend of history.Is this view right? Will the world go backwards? The issue of "regression" is also mentioned in the report, saying that it should be "considered that some temporary or even serious twists and turns in history may still occur. Many countries do not The reactionary forces that wish to see the unity, progress and liberation of their own people and foreign peoples are still strong."If this happens, another estimate will have to be made, and some basic points in the report will have to be revised.In the past four or five years, the international situation has often been contradictory. Sometimes it is good news, and sometimes it is bad news. develop.Why is this so? Because there are two forces struggling in the world: the forces of the Soviet Union and the peoples are on the one hand, and the forces of reaction are on the other.The former force wants to make the situation better, and the second force wants to make the situation worse, so constant struggle is necessary.The world today is a world of contradictions.However, it is said that the Soviet Union, Britain, and the United States are not united, and that the United Kingdom and the United States will unite with Japan and the German prisoners to organize a third world war against the Soviet Union and the people of the world. Does this possibility exist today? ? No, there is no such possibility.Why do you say there is no? Because the objective does not actually exist.Now there are two objective realities. What I said above is not based on the objective reality of the reactionaries, but on the objective reality of the Soviet Union and the people of the world. The Soviet Union and the people of the world do not want a third world war. There is no danger of a war of the peoples of the world.Within the British and American bourgeoisie, some reactionaries want to do it, some are unwilling to do it, and some want to do it but dare not.The San Francisco Conference[4] may end with no results, or with some results.The Soviet reporters at the San Francisco meeting analyzed it very well. We can only talk about the general situation. There are three possibilities: (1) some achievements but not very satisfactory; Same as Chiang Kai-shek negotiations), come again next time; (3) The worst result is a complete breakdown, overturning the decision of the Crimea meeting [5].It now appears that the third possibility is unlikely, while the first and second possibilities are more likely.However, even if the third situation occurs and the decision of the Crimea conference is overturned, does this mean that Britain and the United States will organize the reactionaries to launch a third world war and attack the Soviet Union? It is impossible to draw such a conclusion.Molotov [6] was right in his statement at the San Francisco Conference. He said that even if this conference fails to establish an international security mechanism to prevent aggression, it does not mean that it will not be established in the future. We must work hard to establish it. If it doesn't work well this time, we will do it again in the future.What he said included his assessment of the situation in the world as a whole, and it was consistent with our views, that is, we believed in the power of the Soviet Union, the people of the world, the power of India, South America, and the Chinese people, and the power of Britain and the United States. The bourgeoisie is not unified and is not completely anti-Soviet. Some people are still willing to cooperate with the Soviet Union.Now the world anti-fascist war is not over yet, it is only half over, and Japan has not been defeated.Taking these circumstances into consideration, even if the San Francisco meeting cannot be achieved this time, it cannot be said that it will never be achieved.On the day he declared victory in Europe, Stalin said that Europe had entered a period of peace.Was Stalin right? Quite right.In Europe the time of war passed and the time of peace came.Stalin's judgment was based on the overall situation.The Soviet Union has won on an international scale.Lenin once said: The Russian Bolsheviks "as long as they maintain the correct relationship with the peasants for ten to twenty years, they can guarantee victory on a world scale (even in the case of delaying the proletarian revolution in the developing countries), otherwise they will Suffered from 20 to 40 years of horrific suffering by the white bandits." [7] This was taught in 1921.Comrades, the 1944 reporter’s analysis was very good. We can only talk about the general situation. There are three possibilities: Victory, or perish. Now it is victory. The victory of the Soviet Union began with victory in Moscow, not with Stalingrad. Without victory in Moscow, there would be no victory in Stalingrad. Now the Soviet Union The flag of the Red Army has already been planted in Berlin, and Lenin's words are true. The Soviet Union has won on an international scale, and now it is only trying to consolidate this victory. The victory of the Soviet Union is the victory of the people of the world, and it is also the victory of the Chinese people.

Capitalism has its history, long ago, there was no such thing in the world.Two or three hundred years ago, there was only capitalism in the world. There was a child called the bourgeoisie, and at the same time another child was called the proletariat.There are no bourgeoisie and proletariat, let alone the Communist Party, in the ancient books of China and foreign countries. These are all products of modern times.According to Lenin's analysis, the imperialist wars that occurred due to the uneven development of capitalism weakened the power of imperialism and made it possible for socialism to win alone in one country first.In the past, Marx and Engels said that socialism would win in all countries at the same time, at least in several civilized countries.In the 20th century, according to the new situation, Lenin pointed out that imperialism is dying capitalism and the eve of socialist revolution.Lenin's words made sense again.The First World War led to the October Revolution, which changed the entire history of the world and ushered in a new era of world history.From then on, capitalism went downhill, and socialism went uphill.In "On New Democracy", I also said that capitalism is declining downwards and socialism is developing upwards.Since the October Revolution, capitalism has lost a foot, and the remaining capitalism has been divided into two parts, one part has become fascist capitalism, and the other has become democratic capitalism.Now these two parts of capitalism are fighting, and democratic capitalism cooperates with socialism to pinch fascist capitalism, pinching out a German fascist, and pinching it again will pinch out Japanese fascism.Capitalism is like a four-legged horse. The October Revolution knocked off one of its legs, and the Second World War pinched off another. Now it has only two legs left, and it has become a cripple and a cripple. Totally something.Capitalism is crippled, how can it walk? Just install wooden legs to walk.Do you say that the remaining capitalism is stronger or weaker than before? It is not stronger, but weaker.

Our comrades must pay attention to the big things, the general and massive things.Many comrades are often blind to the general mass of things, and only see the local small amount of things.The October Revolution cut off one foot of capitalism; World War II brought down fascist capitalism in Germany and Italy, the worst things in France collapsed, many small emperors also collapsed, and small countries underwent changes. All have progressed, which has cut off another leg of capitalism.These are all big things, and we must see these big things in order to analyze them correctly and not make mistakes in the analysis.

Now the news agencies and newspapers in the United Kingdom and the United States are clinging on to some small issues and making endless noises, which makes people feel strange.Why do they do this? I said that capitalism has a characteristic, that is, "lose a lot of money and settle a small account."Lost a foot in the First World War, lost another foot in the Second World War, and now clings to a single hair and refuses to let it go.With the loss of capital, not only did fascism be defeated, but Britain itself was beaten five times and seven times injured. This means that capitalism has been disabled, and the Soviet Union and the people of Europe have become stronger.Their capital is very small, so they have to hold on to their pigtails, and they can't let them go. If they let them go, they have nothing to say.This is our opinion, but they also have their intentions.The anti-Soviet rhetoric of the reactionaries around the world has the following functions: (1) To prevent the development of the power of the Soviet Union and the people of Europe, and to bargain with the pigtails in front of the people of the Soviet Union and Europe. (2) Mobilize reactionary forces at home and abroad to support themselves.If we want to find someone to support us, we have to sing some tunes suitable for the reactionaries, so as to mobilize and unite with the reactionaries as our own foundation. (3) Suppression of the revolutionary people.Churchill [9] found that he was surrounded by the European people and the British people, so he wanted to sing a little reactionary tune and suppress the people.From this point of view, we can understand why the San Francisco meeting was so fiercely debated. There will be more debates on the Eastern issue in the future.These arguments are like making an article, and they are all in the proper meaning of the topic, because they still have two feet that have not been cut off, and they can still walk, and they are not reconciled, so there are arguments that can be explained, and if there is no argument, it becomes unexplainable. that's it.

In the foreign policy of major powers in the world today, only the Soviet Union is active, and Britain, the United States, and China are all passive.The pigtails of the Polish issue can't be grasped for a few days.The Soviet Union has no worries, so it can take the initiative.The United Kingdom and the United States participated in the Second World War, and they were also passive. The United Kingdom originally engaged in "Munich" and wanted Hitler to fight the Soviet Union and give the Sudetenland to Germany, but the "labor force" it hired was somewhat independent. Sex, beat the boss first, and screamed.The same is true for Japan.The United States and Britain originally paid for "labor" to fight the Soviet Union, and sent iron and gasoline to Japan, which means paying wages.Japan provoked the Soviet Union at the border, took wages from the United States and Britain, and got the wages. Instead of fighting the Soviet Union, it went to attack Pearl Harbor.The United States and the United Kingdom declared war on Japan after Japan fought Pearl Harbor. The United Kingdom and the Soviet Union signed the "Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance" valid for 20 years, and the United States and the Soviet Union signed an agreement to assist each other in the war against aggression.The initiative of capitalism was in the eighteenth century, and there was still a little bit in the first half of the nineteenth century. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, it became decadent and became imperialism, that is, it was passive.In the Second World War, Britain and the United States were forced to fight without a plan.They did not recognize Yugoslavia, but later they did.Poland is not recognized now, but it will be recognized in the future.Now they do not recognize China's Liberated Areas, the Eighth Route Army, and the New Fourth Army, and they will in the future.

Capitalism is downward.After World War II, capitalism in continental Europe declined, capitalism in Japan declined, capitalism in Britain declined.Only the capitalism of the United States is upward. Its production during the war has experienced a huge development that has never been seen in its history, exceeding its pre-war production by one and a half to two times.During the boom in 1928, the gross domestic product of the United States was six million dollars. Now, some say it is twenty million dollars, others say it is eighteen million dollars, and U.S. Secretary of State Stettinius says it is one. Fifty million to twenty million.If six million in the past were two fingers, now twenty million is almost seven fingers.Its production has developed so greatly, so American capitalism is upward.However, the current prosperity of the United States is special, and it is a special prosperity. The economic crisis of the United States is coming soon.Economically speaking, the United States is the Himalayas of the world economy, but this mountain will fall.From the standpoint of Marxism, we should understand it this way.In the final analysis, the crisis in the United States cannot be overcome by capitalism itself, but by the proletarian revolution.

Even if this San Francisco meeting fails, the second San Francisco meeting will still come.Because the state of the world demands it.Regarding the establishment of an anti-Soviet fortress line, the British Conservative Party has such an attempt. The wall formerly composed of Poland, Romania and other countries has now been torn down by the Soviet Union.If it does that again, it goes back to Chamberlain [10], but that's not the time anymore.Hitler fell, the Soviet Union became stronger, the European people were awakened, and the British people were awakened. Some of the American bourgeoisie wanted to unite with the British reactionaries to fight the Soviet Union, but most of them wanted to have good relations with the Soviet Union.Britain and the United States are both realistic, attacking Japan with one hand, and grasping (doing business) with the other.After defeating Japan, both hands have to do business.

Generally speaking, after the First World War, the so-called stability of capitalism has disappeared, and instability often produces crises.The economic crisis of capitalism existed before the First World War, and it happened once every ten or eight years, and it was regular and cyclical.The wartime prosperity of the United States this time is unique, and there will be no stability in the future.They want peace, they want to establish international security institutions, and they want to do business, all in pursuit of the stability of post-war capitalism.It may also stabilize, but it is not a long-term stability, which contains a crisis.

Who is the leader of these major countries in the world? Is it the Soviet Union or the United States? Some people say that the United States is the leader.This statement is wrong.This can be said from an economic point of view, but there is politics in addition to the economy, and the combination of politics and economy is stronger, and that is the Soviet Union.The Soviet Union is inferior to the United States in economic terms, but the Soviet Union is a socialist economy, which has produced incomparably great strength, a powerful Red Army and a heroic people.The Soviet Union is the leader of the people all over the world. People in Britain and the United States have very high belief in the Soviet Union. China also wants to develop capitalism.What is the nature of capitalism in China? As I said earlier, capitalism in the world has two parts, one part is reactionary fascist capitalism, and the other part is democratic capitalism.Reactionary fascist capitalism has largely been defeated.Democratic capitalism is more advanced than fascist capitalism, but it is still oppressing colonies, oppressing its own people, and still imperialism.On the one hand, it is attacking Germany, and on the other hand, it is oppressing the people. It is good to fight fascism, but it is not good to oppress the people.When it fights fascism, it has to bear with its oppressive people.The same is true of Chiang Kai-shek. It is good for him to fight Japan, but it is not good for him to oppress the people. When he was still fighting Japan, we also had to hold back and not mention defeating Chiang Kai-shek.What Chiang Kai-shek practiced was semi-fascist and semi-feudal capitalism.What we advocate is new-democratic capitalism, which has vitality and is revolutionary.From the perspective of the whole world, capitalism is downward, but part of capitalism is still useful when fighting against fascism, and another part of capitalism—new democratic capitalism will still be useful in the future. In China, some agricultural countries in Europe and South America It is still useful in society, its nature is to help socialism, it is revolutionary, useful, and conducive to the development of socialism. The domestic situation First, in the original manuscript of the report "On Coalition Government", there was a sentence "the key to great changes in China's situation in two or three years", which was deleted when it was published.This sentence is deleted not because it is wrong, but because it is better not to say it.But we must have this kind of mental preparation and be prepared to deal with major events. Second, third assembly.In September last year, the Democratic League held a national congress, the KMT held its sixth national congress a few days ago, and our party is holding its seventh national congress.If there is one thing in common among the three conferences, it is that they will all fight Japan.The difference is that the Kuomintang Congress is fascist in nature, and in fact it is also fascist.Both yesterday and today's "Liberation Daily" had articles criticizing the KMT's congress[11], comrades can read them.There is something special about the KMT's congress this time. Chiang Kai-shek's words were the KMT's orders. In the past, this was just a fact, but this time it has become discipline. The Central Committee members must swear and swear to obey the president.Except for the fascist parties in the world, no bourgeois democratic party has such a rule.There is also a rule that Kuomintang members are not allowed to join other political parties.Our Communist Party does not mean that anyone who wants to join can join. The party constitution stipulates that it must be approved by a branch meeting. Joining the party is conditional, but leaving the party is free.What do the above two items indicate? It means that the Kuomintang is now weaker and more afraid, and more of its party members want to join other political parties.But this swearing and swearing is often not acceptable in this day and age Third, some people have suggested that China may become a semi-colony of the United States. I think this formulation is quite correct.During the nearly one hundred years before the Anti-Japanese War, China was a semi-colony ruled by several imperialist countries.After the September 18th Incident, Japan launched a war of aggression, and the Kuomintang was weakened, so it had to rely on the United States. In this way, China may become a semi-colony dominated by the United States, an imperialist country.With the United States as the main control of the Kuomintang, the United Kingdom may have a small foot inserted.This change will be a long-term trouble, and our Communist Party must be well prepared to deal with this change.Japan may fall next year. This will be a major change in the 16 years since Japan attacked China in 1931. This change will be beneficial to us.The Japanese aggressors were driven away, but a "specially prosperous" America came again, and it now controls the Kuomintang, so we have to do international liaison work to enlist the assistance of the American proletariat.Senior cadres of our party should pay special attention to the situation in the United States.China may become a semi-colony of the United States, which is a new change. Fourth, there is a problem that needs to be clarified, which is called "preparing to suffer losses".Some comrades hope that I will talk about some difficulties, and some comrades hope that I will talk about some bright points.I see a lot of bright spots. The domestic democratic movement has already risen, and there will be even more hope in the future. The Soviet Union will help us, and the proletariat in the United States and Britain will still help us in the future. These are all bright spots.But we have to be prepared for more difficulties. The difficulties I will talk about below are seventeen: The first article, foreign curses.Now British and American newspapers and news agencies are criticizing the Communist Party, and the more we develop in the future, the more vigorously they will criticize it.Some of them once demonstrated to us, saying: You can't do that, and American public opinion will blame you.I said: You eat bread, we eat millet, you eat bread with energy, the mouth grows on you, we can't control it.This is called having no choice but to be prepared to be scolded by foreigners. The second article, domestic scolding.It's big curses, not small curses, they will mobilize everyone to curse, sabotage the war of resistance, endanger the country, murder and arson, communism and wives, inhumane, etc.As long as there are countless swear words in the world, we must be prepared to endure them. The third is to prepare to be occupied by them with a few large bases.It does not mean a few small areas, nor does it mean that they occupy all of them, but a few large areas are occupied by them, and they want to fight a civil war to "recover the lost ground".During the ten-year civil war, they took a few chunks of us, and this time we have to prepare for them to take a few more chunks. Article 4, Tens of thousands of troops were wiped out by them.In 1941, the Central Committee sent a telegram to the central bureaus and sub-bureaus of the Central Committee, saying that we should base our estimates on the most difficult ones. There are two possibilities, and we should establish our policies on the worst possible basis.At that time we had 500,000 troops, 250,000 were ready to be wiped out, and there were 250,000 more.What is this 250,000 yuan? It turns out that 500,000 yuan is an outstretched palm, and this 250,000 yuan is a clenched fist. Although it has shrunk, it has become stronger.Now our army is almost one million, and we still need to develop. When Chiang Kai-shek attacks us in the future, we may have one and a half million, and he will destroy one-third, and there will be one million, and half will be destroyed. Another seven hundred and fifty thousand.If we are not prepared and do not anticipate such difficulties, we will not be able to deal with them as soon as they arise, but we will be able to handle things with this kind of preparation. Fifth, the puppet army welcomes Chiang Kai-shek.The puppet army suddenly changed, hoisted the flag of Chiang Kai-shek, welcomed Chiang Kai-shek, and welcomed Yan Xishan[12], which made it very difficult for us.Where the Japanese evacuated, they occupied it immediately, and we were too late.We need to be mentally prepared. Article 6, the outbreak of civil war.We will stop the civil war by all means.Exposure now is a method, and we must expose it frequently, in conference documents, in newspapers, or orally.Besides, other means were needed to prevent the civil war.The longer the civil war is postponed, the better, the better for us.Since the eight years of the War of Resistance, our policy has been to prevent Chiang Kai-shek from surrendering or "suppressing the Communists."Our policy will continue in this way so that he will not dare to start a civil war lightly, but we must prepare him to start a civil war. Article 7: Out of Scobie[13], China becomes Greece.We must use various methods to avoid this situation, and if it happens, we should adopt a reasonable, beneficial and restrained policy of struggle.I once told the liaison staff of the Kuomintang that our principles are three: the first is not to fire the first shot, and "Lao Tzu" says "not to be the first in the world", we do not strike first, but strike later.The second article is "retreat from three houses", one house is thirty miles, and the third house is ninety miles. This is what Jin Wengong said in "Zuo Zhuan" in the battle of Pu in the Jin-Chu city[14]. We should also adopt this policy .The third article is "Reciprocity", which is mentioned in the "Book of Rites". Li is about reciprocity. There is no etiquette, so we will also go to you.I asked the Kuomintang's liaison staff to tell Hu Zongnan [15] these three points, hoping that they would also adopt the policy of "not being the first in the world", "retreating from others", and "reciprocating courtesy", so that they would not be able to fight.They don't like Marxism. We say: This is Laoziism, Jinwengongism, and Confucianism.Regardless of whether Scobie or Chiang Kai-shek is here, we adopt the principle of self-defense that is reasonable, beneficial, and restrained.We must bear in mind the principle of not firing the first shot. It may not necessarily be beneficial in a period of time, but it is very beneficial in the long run.Of course, when it's time to fight, we must resolutely, thoroughly, cleanly, and completely eliminate them.Some people say how to fight on two fronts? They want to fight on two fronts. What can we do? I have no choice but to prepare for it.We seem to be in prison now, the front door is guarded by the Japanese, and the back door is guarded by Chiang Kai-shek. Article 8, "No recognition of Poland".Here is a metaphor for our lack of recognition.Now we are a middle finger, you don’t admit it, in the future we are a big finger, you don’t admit it, when it’s one fist, two fists, see if you admit it or not? You don’t admit it for ninety years, and you don’t admit it for a hundred years Admit it, you will have to admit it in the 101st year.Because our policies are correct and have won the support of the people of the whole country. Article 9: Run away and disperse tens of thousands of party members.In the future, if the situation is not good and Chiang Kai-shek and Scobee attack from both sides and shoot everywhere, some party members will turn around and walk away, run away, and disperse.In the history of our party, 1927 was the most severe period of dispersal, and the most severe dispersal was during the Civil War, when there were only 30,000 or tens of thousands of organized party members left.Under bad circumstances, some pessimistic and disappointed members of the party members will flee, and some will be scattered, and that is nothing more than that. We are going to disperse one-third, or more. Article 10: Pessimism and fatigue appear within the party.The Chinese revolution is long-term. Twenty-four years from 1921 to the present there has been no victory. It will continue and many Party members and troops will be sacrificed.Problems of pessimism and fatigue will appear within the party. We must explain clearly not only to our Congress, the Central Committee, and the Central Bureau, but also to leading organs such as district party committees and prefectural committees.In the past, there was a tradition in our party, that is, we should not talk about difficulties, and always said that the enemy will always collapse, we are a great victory, and we are 100% Bolsheviks! Darkness, fully estimated in all aspects. Article 11: Natural disasters are prevalent and scare the land for thousands of miles.A natural disaster is that it does not rain, and the Jade Emperor does not help.It has been reported recently that many places in North China and Central China are experiencing drought.The ancients said: "Difficulties and hardships make Yuru Yucheng". [16] Difficulties and hardships give the Communist Party the opportunity to hone their abilities. Natural disasters are a bad thing, but they contain good factors. Our business is successful.It is a big deal that we have no harvest in the border area this year.Therefore, we must talk about frugality, starting from the central government, and prepare for the epidemic of natural disasters, which will lead to thousands of miles away.The Communist Party has the ability to find a way out in this situation! Many places in North China and Central China must prepare for this. Article 12, economic difficulties.It is difficult to have an economy with natural disasters, and it is also difficult to have an economy without natural disasters, so we must work hard to do economic work.We once put forward such a slogan—learn to do economic work within two or three years, make the heads of state responsible, do it yourself, and overcome difficulties. Article 13. The enemy's forces are concentrated in North China.Some comrades asked: What should the Japanese army do if they withdrew from South and Central China and withdrew all their troops to North China? Now that Japanese fascists are fighting for every inch of land, it seems that they will not withdraw.But we have to think about things a little worse. Even if all the Japanese troops in the Yangtze River Basin were withdrawn to North China, wouldn’t it be a pity for us? The situation of China’s war of resistance is that Japan will be defeated next year, and it won’t last long.The enemy concentrated in North China, put forward conditions for peaceful compromise, and negotiated peace with Britain and the United States. What should we do if this happens? We are going to think of various ways to deal with it. Article 14: The Kuomintang carries out an assassination plot to assassinate our responsible comrades.This has happened in history, so we have to be prepared, just in case. Article 15. Disagreement of opinion occurs in the leading organs of the party.Don't think that there will be no differences of opinion. Once the above-mentioned difficulties arise and many situations arise, differences of opinion within the party may arise, with a lot of discussion, lack of agreement, dissatisfaction, and so on.If we are prepared, there may be fewer differences, and if we are not prepared, there may be more differences. Article 16. The international proletariat will not assist us for a long time.The Chinese revolution is long-term. Due to various reasons, the international proletariat has not had time to help us. They have not expected that our difficulties will come so early.We have to do international liaison and diplomatic work, and we very much hope that the international proletariat and the great Soviet Union will help us.But what should we do if there is no aid due to various circumstances? As in the past, the whole party should unite, be independent, and overcome difficulties. This is our policy. Article 17, other unexpected things.Many things are unexpected, but we must think about them, especially our senior responsible cadres must be mentally prepared to deal with very difficult and unfavorable situations.We all have to think through these things. I have mentioned seventeen points about difficulties, and I will talk about that we must win. First, suffer a temporary loss and win in the end.This principle is unmistakable. The proletariat in the world suffers only temporarily. In the end, we will win. Marxists must firmly believe in this. Second, failure here wins there.The development of the Chinese revolution is unbalanced. There is a loss here, and a victory there. If there is no light in the east, there will be light in the west. If there is darkness in the south, there will be a north. We always have a way. Third, some people ran away and some people came.It's going to rain, what can he do if he insists on running? Just let him run away.The vacillating elements among the party members, they come to join in the fun when the revolution is exciting, and run away when it is difficult, and run away if they want to. We hold a farewell party.Some people have left today, and tomorrow some people who are not afraid of difficulties will come again. The 24-year history of our Party has proved this point. We say that many people will definitely come. Fourth, some people died and some people lived.There are unpredictable things in the sky, and people have misfortunes and blessings.We have to prepare some people to die, but there are always people alive.Such a big party and such a big nation have nothing to be afraid of. Fifth, if the economy is difficult, learn to do economic work.We would like to thank He Yingqin[17], he did not pay the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, and when he was so sleepy, we raised the question of disbanding, starving to death, or starting production by ourselves.If you are not willing to be disbanded or starve to death, the only thing left is that the chief is in charge, do it yourself, develop production, and overcome difficulties. Sixth, to overcome natural disasters, Taihang has experience, and the Communist Party will catch locusts. These experiences are very good. Seventh, when disputes occur within the party, this is also a lesson for us, so that we can get exercise.A big dispute is a big exercise.Crude iron is smelted into steel through numerous beatings. Eighth, without international aid, learn to be self-reliant.There is an advantage in having no aid, and a disadvantage in too much aid.Under the internationalist principle of uniting the proletariat of the world, we must learn to be self-reliant and be prepared to be without assistance.Now it is a big test for the Chinese Communist Party, a test of whether we are mature and capable.The assistance of the international proletariat must come, otherwise Marxism will not work. Not only foreign countries assist us, but we also assist foreign countries.Over the past twenty-four years, we have been a contingent of the international proletariat. In our struggles, our contingent has assisted the foreign proletariat and the Soviet Union, and the international proletariat will certainly assist us. Several Ideological and Policy Issues within the Three Parties The above mentioned the international and domestic situation, and now I will talk about the third question, concerning the ideological and policy issues within the party, which includes several issues. (一)领导问题《解放日报》昨天发表了一篇苏联人华西里也夫写的文章，叫做《论科学的预见》。这篇文章我们很久以前就翻译过来了，这是在一九三九年第二次世界大战爆发以前几个月写的，所以文内没有讲到关于这次大战的情况，但是可以从中看到对于这次大战也有预见。 什么叫做领导?领导和预见有什么关系?预见就是预先看到前途趋向。如果没有预见，叫不叫领导?我说不叫领导。斯大林说:没有预见就不叫领导，为着领导必须预见。[18]整个人类在马克思主义产生以前对于社会的发展历来没有预见，或者没有很清楚的预见。例如原始社会变成奴隶社会，奴隶社会发生革命变成封建社会，封建社会又发生革命变成了资本主义社会，这些革命往往是自发的。资产阶级在自然科学方面有很多好的预见，但在社会科学方面还是盲目的。只有产生了马克思主义，才对社会发展有了预见，使人类对社会发展的认识达到了新的阶段。共产党是以马克思主义为思想基础的，它对于将来和前途看得清楚，对于社会各个阶级向什么方向发展也看得清楚。比如，我们中国有无产阶级、大资产阶级、中间阶级，我们能看清它们的前途。这三个阶级都在活动，尤其是在抗日战争快要胜利的时候，都在那里准备日本打垮以后干什么。去年九月召开的民主同盟代表会议，日前召开的国民党第六次全国代表大会，和正在召开的我们党的第七次全国代表大会，就是这种准备的体现。我们的文章，我们的大会文件，根据我们的预见，指出了中国人民将要走什么道路，并规定了我们的政策。没有预见就没有领导，这是斯大林讲的。坐在指挥台上，如果什么也看不见，就不能叫领导。坐在指挥台上，只看见地平线上已经出现的大量的普遍的东西，那是平平常常的，也不能算领导。只有当着还没有出现大量的明显的东西的时候，当桅杆顶刚刚露出的时候，就能看出这是要发展成为大量的普遍的东西，并能掌握住它，这才叫领导。人们通常看得见大东西，看不见小东西，但是有些大东西，也看不见。比如，大城市是一个大东西吧，国民党加帝国主义是大东西吧，可是我们就是看不见，总叫国民党是“总崩溃”。日本帝国主义也是一个大东西吧，但是我们也曾看错过，以为这个东西很容易打，很容易就可以把它赶走，于是产生轻敌观念、速胜论。陈独秀[19]那个时期，农民要土地，这是一个大东西吧，土地问题是一个大量的普遍存在的东西吧，但是那时候也看不见。凡是政策上犯错误的，一定是大东西看不见。小东西看不见，也会犯错误，但那只是一点一件的错误，牵涉的面不大，这种错误十个、八个也不是很关紧要的。当然，犯了这样的错误也不好，但毕竟不算大错误。凡是大的错误，就是对大量的普遍的东西看不到。所谓预见，不是指某种东西已经大量地普遍地在世界上出现了，在眼前出现了，这时才预见；而常常是要求看得更远，就是说在地平线上刚冒出来一点的时候，刚露出一点头的时候，还是小量的不普遍的时候，就能看见，就能看到它的将来的普遍意义。 我们这次大会提出注意大城市，注意东北，注意工人运动，就属于这种预见。现在还有很多同志对于这些问题感觉不到，因为现在我们还是在农村，还是在关内。大城市是一个大量的普遍的东西，东北四千万人口也是一个大东西，但是在今天来讲，还不是一个眼前的现实问题，还不容易注意到。现在我们大会就已经指出这是明天的事，是一个大量的有普遍意义的东西。我们在这个问题上，如果犯了错误就不得了。如果我们对于工业问题，对于大城市问题，对于经济问题，对于军队正规化问题，不能解决，那共产党就要灭亡。二十四年来，我们没有解决这些问题，再有二十四年还不解决，那就一定要灭亡。工业在人家手里，大城市在人家手里，机械化在人家手里，正规军在人家手里，我们都没有，过了四十八年还没有，那还不灭亡吗?我们要依靠老百姓，但总是吃小米，靠小米加步枪是不行的。不能设想，我们党永远没有大城市，没有工业，不掌握经济，没有正规军队，还能存在下去。马克思主义在中国不能解决这些问题，那马克思主义也就不灵了。其实，不能解决这些问题，就是因为没有采取马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，也就是没有马克思主义。所以，我们一定要解决这些问题。农民运动，我们比较会搞，工人运动就比较生疏了。我们党走过的路是这样的，从工人运动到农民运动，再到工人运动。过去我们是从工人运动起家的，从工人运动到农民运动，比如内战时期、抗战时期都是搞农民运动，将来我们要再转到搞工人运动，搞大工业，搞正规军队等。这就是我们的预见。为着领导，必须有预见。 盲目性是没有预见的，是妨碍预见的。教条主义、经验主义是不可能有预见的。而没有预见就没有领导，没有领导就没有胜利。因此，可以说没有预见就没有一切。无产阶级已经存在了几百年，但无产阶级成为自觉的阶级只不过几十年。一八四三年马克思创造了马克思主义，到一九0三年整整六十年，地球上的俄国才产生一个无产阶级政党，叫做社会民主工党，社会民主工党内出了一个派别，叫做布尔什维克派，然后全人类才找到新的方向。六十年前人类就已经有了马克思主义，但是没有普及，没有去实现，六十年以后，才产生了这样一个派别，后来成为独立的马克思主义政党，在行动中去实现马克思主义。从一九○三年到一九一四年，十一年后，世界上来了一次世界大战，一九一四年到一九一七年，又是三年，来了一个十月革命。一九○三年到一九一七年，十四年，十月革命胜利了。没有一九0三年在俄国出现布尔什维克派，没有布尔什维克在俄国革命中的活动，就没有十月革命。没有十月革命，我们中国会不会有共产党呢?当然中国大批的无产阶级产生了以后，总会产生党的，所以不能说不会产生共产党，但要拖到什么时候才能产生，就不知道了。一九0三年产生了布尔什维克，一九一七年俄国十月革命胜利，就使得全世界历史改变了方向。一九二一年产生了中国共产党，中国就改变了方向，五千年的中国历史就改变了方向。我们共产党是中国历史上的任何其他政党都比不上的，它最有觉悟，最有预见，能够看清前途。 我们要提倡想问题。早几年前《新中华报》要我写几个字，我当时是有感而发，就写了两个字“多想”[20]。“多想”，就是说要开动脑筋。我们的同志过去不大想问题，这要怪过去的领导不提倡想问题。脑筋是“心之官”，是思想器官，这个器官专门做一项工作，就是“想”。孟子说“心之官则思”[21]，两千年以前他就规定了脑筋的任务。我们全党要提倡想问题。这次大会闭幕后，同志们回到各个地方去，要告诉每个同志，我们的脑筋要多想，想党内的各种问题，想阶级的问题，想国家的问题'想我们民族的问题，等等。遇到问题就分析一番，错了也不要紧，有错误就纠正。我们的同志见了面，不要只讲生活怎么样，不要把生活问题变成主要的话题。我们要提倡想各种问题，多思多想，开动机器，开动脑筋，还要放下包袱，精神解放，轻装前进。我们的同志们还要善于分析问题。我们党内过去有一个习惯，就是有一个固定的框子，无论做文章、讲话，都用这个框子去套。这个框子就是所谓党八股。我们要打破这个框子。马克思主义的精髓是对具体的问题作具体的分析，这是列宁讲的，我们恰恰缺乏这一点。所以，要提倡多想，这样就可以去掉盲目性，就可以对具体问题作具体分析。一个问题来了，一个人分析不了，就大家来交换意见，要造成交换意见的空气和作风。我这个人凡事没有办法的时候，就去问同志们，问老百姓。打仗也是这样。我们要善于跟同志们交谈。比如，《逼上梁山》就是一个集体创作，《三打祝家庄》也是一个集体创作，《白毛女》也是一个集体创作，让自己的功劳同大家共有，这有什么不好呢?《共产党宣言》就是马克思、恩格斯两个人合作写的。我们搞了一个《关于若干历史问题的决议》，又搞了一个政治报告，如果不是大家都来，一个人怎么能够搞得完全呢?首先要承认这一点，就是一个人搞不完全，要依靠大家来搞，这就是我们党的领导方法。要用这样的方法来启发同志的思想，去掉盲目性。 (二)民主集中制问题 关于这个问题，少奇同志讲得很好，放手的民主，高度的集中。我跟他交谈过，这是我们共同的意见，别的同志也赞成。我想可以叫做高度的民主，高度的集中。“放手”这两个字，还可以再斟酌一下，，这是个程度的问题。我们党历来就讲民主，但是有些时候、有些地方不够民主，我们党历来也是讲集中的，但是有些时候、有些地方集中得不恰当或者集中不够。民主要有很高程度的民主，集中也要很高程度的集中，这两个东西有没有矛盾呢?有矛盾的，但是可以统一的，民主集中制就是这两个带着矛盾性的东西的统一。 要广开言路，打开窗户。封建专制时代还有那么几个开明的皇帝能广开言路，何况我们共产党呢?我们更要广开言路，打开窗户，不要怕打开窗户可能吹进沙子来。进来一点尘土，坏处有一点，但并不大，而开窗户透空气的利益却很大，我们要从这种利害关系上看这个问题。我们是干革命的，还怕民主?还怕人家发表意见?你说对了就可以说出一个正确的道理来，说错了也不要紧，说错了还可以让人知道一条错误的道理，所以要实行高度的民主。 同志们!我们党是最公平的，最讲道理的，大多数的人是公平的，大多数的人也知道要集中，他们也要求集中。我们党内的同志是有这个觉悟的，他们不会不懂得集中，也不会妨碍集中。当然，无政府主义、极端民主化的思想也是有的，那是小资产阶级的思想，我们要批评它，指出这些思想是不好的。现在我们的觉悟程度提高了，我们的领导干部、我们的同志懂得高度集中的必要了。我们不怕人家批评，我们是批不倒的，就是犯过路线错误的也不怕批评，也是批不倒的，只要有改正错误这一条就行。愈是不怕人家批评，愈是敢让人家讲话，给人家讲话的机会，人家的批评可能会愈少。我们要学会听闲话，我们长两个耳朵就要听闲话。我们的党员有意见要在组织里面讲，不许在组织外面讲，这是一个原则。但是还有在组织以外讲的，那是闲话，这也是事实。我不是提倡小广播，不是要大家在七大以后去大搞小广播，我是说小广播是存在的，哪一年也有一点，我们要去听，去收集材料。这些材料无非是两种:一种是错误的，一种是正确的。正确的收集起来，错误的也收集起来，都把它当作原料。我们现在是开工厂，七大就是开政治工厂，我们中央也是开政治工厂，这个工厂没有原料怎么行呢?原料贫乏制出的东西就不像样子，所以我们要收集原料。打开窗户就使原料有来源，我们还要登广告:“知无不言，言无不尽；言者无罪，闻者足戒；有则改之，无则加勉。”登广告就是为了要收集原料，为了使我们的政治工厂的原料多一些，其中包括小广播这种原料在内。如果我们扩大民主，把小广播合法化，把“黑市”变成合法的，原料就会多起来。大家有意见，有气，就应该打开窗户，让他们把气出完，把意见都说出来。只有这样，才能团结同志，统一意志，集中意志，形成高度的集中。没有集中，就不能胜利，就要失败，就要被消灭，所以没有集中不行。但是我们要在高度民主的基础上，建立高度的集中。 (三)干部关系问题 这个问题的性质，现在是一个农民问题，将来是一个全国人民的问题。从内战时期开始到今天，这个问题的实质是一个农民问题。我在前面已经引用过列宁在一九二一年讲的关于布尔什维克党应同农民保持正确关系的一段话，这段话很重要。我看也可以用在中国共产党身上，如果中国共产党在十年至二十年之内，同农民有正确关系，那就可以保证中国革命在世界范围内的胜利，如若不然，我们就要忍受二十年至四十年的白色恐怖。无产阶级与无产阶级的先锋队共产党，如果同农民关系搞不好，那就会灭亡。