Chapter 20 Effective implementation of the ten major policies [1]

(October 14, 1943) The various policies put forward by our party during the war of resistance were all effective and proved to be correct.There are ten policies that are urgently needed now, and these ten policies must be linked and implemented. 1. Struggle against the enemy.The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region must prepare for the struggle against Hu Tsung-nan, the Kuomintang die-hards and Chiang Kai-shek, that is, make military preparations to make the army more consolidated politically and improved militarily.This winter will carry out large-scale military training, and all officers and soldiers must transfer to the large-scale training exercise nervously, training so that one person can fight two enemies.There are now 50,000 troops in the border area, and they have all been trained. Can we still fight? It should be noted that the Red Army had only 25,000 soldiers when the three front armies met, and only 45,000 when the Red Army was reorganized. Now the border area has 50,000 soldiers and is training Is it difficult to do things well? The large-scale military training must earnestly implement the method of the chief responsible, personally doing it, combining the leading backbone with the broad masses of soldiers, and combining general calls with specific guidance.After the high-level cadre meeting, it is the responsibility of the heads and political commissars of the brigades.It is necessary to learn how a company commander of the Sixth Brigade cared about the soldiers checking the dormitories and sentries in the middle of the night, and learn the spirit of the regiment commander Chen Zongyao and the soldiers carrying rice and opening up wasteland.No matter what faults our comrades have, as long as they are willing to correct them and have the spirit of Marxism-Leninism, they will be able to do things easily.Anyone who can blend in with the masses is a Marxist-Leninist, that is, can become the leader of the masses, and this style of work must be promoted in the army.In the past period, it was not good for some comrades in the army to adopt a domineering and arrogant attitude towards the party, the government, and the people.It is right to use hegemony to deal with the enemy, and it is necessary to be ruthless to the enemy, but it is wrong to use hegemony to deal with the people, the party, and the government. We should speak kingly to the people and the masses.We must have two attitudes, be domineering to the enemy, and domineering to the people.This one should be remembered very firmly.This year's Lunar New Year will carry out another campaign to support the government and love the people, and promulgate another convention, starting with the army first, and then the party and government. Both sides will criticize themselves.It is necessary to spread and pass on the style of blending the army with the people. This is the fundamental difference between the proletarian army and the bourgeois army.We support the people, fight enemies for the people, speak kingly to the people, adopt an attitude of self-criticism, and oppose the tendency of warlordism.Our weapons are criticism and self-criticism. Among cadres, among officers and soldiers, among the military and civilians, if we put forward the problems and carry out criticism and self-criticism, we can eliminate the wrong things and truly unite.

2. Lean troops and simplify administration.This is an important one and it is already being implemented. 3. Unified leadership.It is very important to implement unified leadership. We must establish a leadership core and oppose "one country and three publics" [2].If some leading comrades are angry, they should talk about it with everyone, analyze it, practice criticism and self-criticism, so as to achieve unity and unity.If the implementation of this article is not enough, it should be done right away. Fourth, support the government and love the people.Come once a year to check the shortcomings and mistakes of the year, to make self-criticism to the people, and to promulgate the convention every year.The central government is going to promulgate a unified agreement of ten articles on supporting the government, loving the people and supporting the army that will be implemented in all regions.The center of all problems is the problem of the common people. To integrate the armed people (army) and the unarmed people, there must be policies to achieve this. As long as the army can support the government and love the people, the government and the people will love the army.

Our army and the cadres in the army have "traveled to the state and government", have gone through the 25,000-mile long march, and have extensive knowledge and experience.Our military is the organizers and propagandists of the Chinese people, and they are the most enlightened.The party in the army is the most advanced. It should create local parties and governments, love the local parties and governments, and love the people.As long as the army's attitude towards the people is good, the attitude of the people will not be bad.In the past, some leaders of the Remaining Corps always said that the people in the border areas were not good and did not love the army.But we have to ask what is the attitude of our army towards the people? What has it done for the people? First of all, we should examine ourselves and blame ourselves. The so-called "listening to one side will bring darkness to light, and listening to both sides will bring light to light", and this is exactly what we want to implement.

5. Development of production.It is necessary to achieve "more than three crops and one" [3] in agricultural production, prepare for war, and prepare for famine. I would like to say in particular the problem of organizing the labor force.A revolution has come to the border region this year. There are 350,000 full-time laborers in the whole region, and more than 30,000 people are often organized in collective labor change teams and labor teams[4], which accounts for one tenth of the total labor force. one.In Yan'an County, there are 70% of temporary organizations, and there will be some development and improvement in the next year.The vast majority of counties in the border regions should follow the example of Yan'an County and organize their labor force in the form of collective labor, of which temporary organizations account for the majority and regular organizations should increase from one-tenth to tenth according to the conditions of each county. Two or three, reaching about 100,000 people.In addition, there is the semi-labor force, which is also a labor force.

In the border regions, the development of productive forces was restricted by the feudal exploitation relations in the past. In half of the areas, this feudal exploitation relationship has been completely destroyed by the land revolution, and in the other half, it has also been hit by the reduction of rent and interest.This is the agrarian revolution, the first revolution.However, if the reform of the second production relationship, that is, the mode of production, from individual labor to collective labor is not carried out, the productive forces will not be able to develop further.By developing mutual labor organizations based on the individual economy, that is, farmers' agricultural production cooperatives, production can be greatly increased, doubled or more than doubled.If the labor force in the entire border area is organized in collective and mutual aid labor organizations, the harvest of the 14 million mu of cultivated land in the entire border area will more than double.This method can be extended to the whole country in the future, and it will also be written in China's economic history.With such a reform, the means of production have not changed at all, but the production relations between people have changed.The two changes from land reform to the development of labor mutual aid organizations mean that revolutionary troops, government agencies, and schools in the production system must vigorously promote cooperatives and cooperative production methods. For example, a company can be used as a form of cooperatives.According to Yang Jialing's experience, the transportation team was changed into a cooperative, and the system of 28 shares and 28 dividends was adopted, that is, the public used eight carts, twenty-two pack mules and all the utensils as eighty shares and twenty-two transportation The team members are 20 shares, and the public will pay the transportation fee by the catty.As a result, the transportation capacity has increased from only 190,000 catties per month to more than 389,000 catties, an increase of 100%, and the tools have been saved, the animals have been cared for, and a lot of money has been saved for the public.This method is widely used in various organs and schools directly under the Central Military Commission, and has achieved great results.The transportation battalion of the Central Management Bureau has 100 head of livestock and 20 carts. Before forming a cooperative, it transported 1.2 million catties a month. After being reorganized into a cooperative, its monthly transport capacity increased to 1.85 million catties, an increase. fifty percent.Therefore, please consider whether this cooperative approach can be widely used in factories and farms.In our farms, the method of planting according to partners[5] is actually a method of cooperative nature. Of course, the method of using self-planting instead of according to partners can also be adopted.

The issue of cooperatives is basically a question of the views of the masses, and the masses must be considered.The fundamental difference between us and the Kuomintang is whether there is a mass viewpoint, and the mass viewpoint is the starting point and destination of the Communist revolution.Come from the masses, go to the masses, and it is easy to start from the masses when thinking about problems.The responsible comrades in the army should think about the soldiers, the responsible comrades in the government agencies and schools should think about the big kitchens and the miscellaneous workers, and all Communist Party members should think about the people.

Sixth, rectify the three winds.The border area has achieved results, and we must continue to do so. 7. Review cadres.The struggle against secret agents must continue. 8. Class education.Class education is education about things. This time, it has been carried out on a large scale for three months, and it will continue to do so, destroying the ambitions of others and increasing one's own prestige. 9. Reduce rent and interest.Many base areas have not been fully developed, and some areas in the border areas have not done well, and we must continue to develop.If the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party breaks down, we will still implement rent and interest reductions, and we will not carry out the agrarian revolution.

10. "Three-Three System" [6].We must earnestly implement it. If the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party breaks down, the ten major policies will remain unchanged, and the "three-three systems" policy will also remain unchanged. If the above ten policies are consistently implemented, we will be able to deal with the aggression of Japanese imperialism and the possible breakdown of the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.At present, the most important tasks in each base area are four: first, to fight against the enemy, that is, to attack the enemy and crowd out places; second, to develop production, that is, to make food; Review cadres, that is, fight against secret agents.If these four things are done well, the party will be consolidated, but at present it is only fairly consolidated, not very consolidated.

Struggle against the enemy and squeeze places is a very important issue.If we don't squeeze, we will have no place to stand after we have two feet.According to Comrade Nie Rongzhen[7] who came back, some places in Jinchaji were squeezed back, and southeast Shanxi was squeezed back in places with a population of 1.4 million.During the six years of the Anti-Japanese War, we were squeezed by the enemy in the enemy's rear, as if we were squeezed from the bottom of the teapot to the waist of the teapot, and then squeezed to the top of the teapot. Now we must squeeze a little from the top of the teapot.If Chiang Kai-shek wants to squeeze us, if he wants to squeeze the border areas, we are prepared to squeeze him.

When it comes to production and making food, all party cadres must learn this, and it only takes half a year to learn it.In the past, this was a matter for the director of the General Affairs Department, the Department of Finance, and the Department of Construction. Now the heads of all military units, comrades in charge of various agencies, and school principals must learn it. Even scholars such as Zhou Yang, Chen Boda, and Fan Wenlan[8] have also learned it. up. For army production, when Comrade Wang Zhen [9] drew up the plan in February this year, he planned to open up six acres of land per person. At that time, there were still many people who opposed it, but the actual development results have resulted in an average of 18 acres per person.This creation of the masses solved the great problem of the revolution.The army can pay its own wages, and we have the means to support an army of tens of millions.

Each brigade should establish a rear.Didn't the Kuomintang often say that we "run back to our old nest" in the past? We didn't have a "nest" in the past.In this place in northern Shaanxi, it is indeed possible to build a deep and good "nest" by relying on the Qiaoshan mountain range, and the enemy cannot enter. There are industry, agriculture and commerce, cattle, sheep, chickens and dogs, women and children, and production teams.This needs to be carefully planned, and a revolutionary housework should be done well as Commander-in-Chief Zhu said. Since the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang has used the spy policy to try to sabotage us from within. Our anti-secret struggle has shattered the Kuomintang's plan. In order to carry out the three tasks of fighting against the enemy, developing production, and examining cadres, it is necessary to carry out criticism and self-criticism, which is the method of rectifying the three styles. There are ideological errors, but there are two attitudes to our work to distinguish.To learn the method of Marxism-Leninism, some comrades think that there is a lot of Marxism-Leninism. In fact, when they come into contact with practical work, it can be said that they don't even smell the smell of Marxism-Leninism.The method of Marxism-Leninism is basically the method of analysis. Only by telling the truth can we correct mistakes and make progress.If you are self-righteous, do not analyze the whole work, only talk about achievements, and are afraid of talking about shortcomings and mistakes, you will not be able to make progress in your work.Work is a whole. If it is analyzed, its achievements and shortcomings are pointed out, and criticism and self-criticism are carried out. This is the method of analysis.It is necessary to make conclusions about the work, that is to say, to synthesize it.Synthesis is impossible without analysis, synthesis is the result of analysis, analysis is the means of synthesis, and things must be dissected before they can be summed up.Some comrades who commit subjectivism do not know the method of analysis.Last year, the high-level cadre meeting, the military and political cadre meeting, and the small cadre meeting of the 120th Division all carried out criticism and self-criticism, made correct analysis, dissected the unified thing, and studied all aspects before arriving at the correct conclusion. conclusion.Another example is the issue of finance and economics. Without analysis, the problem cannot be solved.Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin all have to do the work of detailed possession of materials and detailed analysis, let alone us? You must have a humble attitude towards work, be aware of your own shortcomings, don't get edema, don't think that you are a leader, and be self-conscious about your shortcomings.To exchange views with others, sincerely listen to each other's views.Always think of your shortcomings, mistakes, and deficiencies, so that you can make progress. Language, writing, and thought reflect objective reality. However, if the laws of objective reality are to be reflected in the laws of ideology, it needs thousands of repetitions before it can be compared correctly.We must oppose subjectivism and arrogance.We have a standard when looking at comrades, and that is whether they have a humble attitude. In Marxist-Leninist methodology, criticism and self-criticism are one, and the idea of ​​opposing spontaneity is another.Before last year's high-level cadre meeting, the idea of ​​spontaneity was very popular. For example, the financial and economic difficulties were very difficult, so we didn't try to find a solution, but let various theories and work flow by themselves.There is also a lot of liberalism in politics and organization, no criticism, no struggle, no strict supervision of work, etc.We Communists must not have liberalism. We must strive for the upper reaches, oppose negative tendencies, criticize mistakes, seek unity through struggle, and become one with the people, overcome difficulties, and transform the world. This is Marxism-Leninism. The principle of seeking unity through struggle must be applied to four categories.The first is the proletariat versus the bourgeoisie.In order to elevate the bourgeoisie to the position of approving the anti-Japanese program through the struggle, the proletariat can lead the bourgeoisie.We should act according to reality, not according to books, and Wang Ming [11] opposed the leadership of the bourgeoisie by the proletariat, saying that Lenin did not talk about it.The second is the proletariat versus the peasantry.This is a completely different category than the first category.The peasants are small producers, the petty bourgeoisie, and our most reliable ally. We must adopt a comradely attitude towards the peasants, seek unity through struggle, and raise them to the level of accepting the Communist Party's program.The third is within the ranks of the proletariat itself.Seek unity through struggle, oppose all backward ideas that split the proletariat, and oppose Menshevik ideas in the ranks of the proletariat.The fourth is within the Communist Party, the vanguard of the proletariat.We must develop criticism and self-criticism, oppose all opportunist ideas, and seek unity through struggle. There are three methods of Marxism-Leninism, one is linking theory with practice, the other is opposing spontaneity, and the third is criticism and self-criticism.There are two kinds of criticisms, one is correct criticism, the result is to unite the party; the other is incorrect criticism, such as the criticism of the Fourth Plenary Session[12] and the Fifth Plenary Session[13], the result is to split the Party .We must promote correct criticism and oppose incorrect criticism. This is rectification.To continue to rectify the unhealthy trend, I believe that everyone will be able to unite and do it well. Published based on the transcript of the speech kept by the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] This is part of Mao Zedong's speech at a meeting of senior cadres of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. [2] "One country and three publics" is a metaphor for the disunity of powers, which makes people at a loss.It is said in "Zuo Zhuan·Xi Gong Five Years": "[Scholar] retreated and wrote a poem: 'Fox fur and dragon antler, one country and three princes, who should I follow?'" Sangong refers to Jin Xiangong and his sons Chonger and Yiwu in the Spring and Autumn Period.Mao Zedong quoted this allusion here, emphasizing that the party, government, and army in the anti-Japanese base areas at that time should have a unified leadership, not to have multiple political parties, and to coordinate and cooperate with each other in work. [3] Cultivate three more than one, that is, three years of cultivation, and one year of grain. "Book of Rites King System": "Three years of plowing, there must be one year's food; nine years of plowing, there must be three years of food." During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Chinese Communist Party led the mass production movement. , Calling on farmers to actively produce and practice strict economy, so that each family has four months of surplus grain a year. [4] "Working Teams" and "Working Teams" are agricultural labor mutual aid organizations established on the basis of individual economy in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. "Changing jobs" means exchanging jobs, which is a method for farmers to transfer labor among each other. There are labor for labor, animal labor for livestock labor, labor for livestock labor, etc.The farmers participating in the work change team each use their own labor or animal power to farm for each family in the team in turn. When the settlement is made, the extra labor or animal labor will be compensated for the lack of supplementary wages. "Working teams" are generally composed of farmers with insufficient land.Peasants participating in labor teams, in addition to exchanging jobs and helping each other, are mainly collectively employed by families in need of labor. [5] "Partner planting", or "friend planting crops", is a form of changing jobs.The participants in the cooperative farming are generally two relatives or relatives with similar production conditions such as manpower, animal power, and land. They cooperate with all the manpower, animal power, agricultural tools, and land to cultivate in a unified manner and distribute the harvest equally.Some "partners" open up wasteland together, and the harvest is evenly distributed.There are also "partnerships" that jointly rent the land of the landlord, cultivate it together, and distribute the harvest equally after the lease is completed. [6] "Three-Three System", see note [8] on page 25 of this volume. [7] Nie Rongzhen, then secretary of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, commander and political commissar of the Eighth Route Army Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region. [8] Zhou Yang, then director of the Cultural Work Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and dean of the Lu Xun Academy of Arts and Letters.Chen Boda was then Deputy Director of the Political Research Office of the CPC Central Committee.Fan Wenlan was working in the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. [9] Wang Zhen (1908-1992), born in Liuyang, Hunan.At that time, he was the brigade commander and political commissar of the 359th Brigade of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army. [10] Refers to the senior cadre meeting held in Yan'an from October 19, 1942 to January 14, 1943 by the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. [11] Wang Ming, namely Chen Shaoyu (1904-1974), was born in Jinzhai, Anhui.Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in January 1931, he has served as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a member of the Political Bureau. He is the main representative of the third "Left" line.In November 1931, he went to Moscow to serve as the representative of the Chinese Communist Party to the Communist International.He returned to China in November 1937, and subsequently served as Secretary of the Yangtze River Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, he put forward many ideas of right-leaning capitulationism.He believed in the Kuomintang more than in the Communist Party, and dared not let go to mobilize the masses, dare not let go to develop the people's army, and dare not expand the liberated areas in the Japanese-occupied areas.Since the correct line represented by Mao Zedong has already dominated the whole party, these mistakes of Wang Ming only once had an impact in some areas. [12] The Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Committee refers to the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai on January 7, 1931.With the support of the Communist International and its representative Mif, Wang Ming and others gained leadership in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China through this meeting, and began the four-year rule of "Left" adventurism in the party. [13] The Fifth Plenary Session of the Central Committee refers to the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province in mid-January 1934.This conference mistakenly concluded that there was already a "direct revolutionary situation" in China, and that the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" was "a struggle for the complete victory of the revolution", which brought the "Left" error to its climax.